昆明理工大学普通生态学2019年考博真题博士入学试卷
2019年昆明理工大学考博试题材料科学基础
昆明理工大学2019年博士研究生招生考试试题
考试科目代码：2028 考试科目名称：材料科学基础
考生答题须知
1．所有题目（包括填空、选择、图表等类型题目）答题答案必须做在考点发给的答题纸上，做在本试题册上无效。
请考生务必在答题纸上写清题号。
2．评卷时不评阅本试题册，答题如有做在本试题册上而影响成绩的，后果由考生自己负责。
3．答题时一律使用蓝、黑色墨水笔或圆珠笔作答（画图可用铅笔），用其它笔答题不给分。
4．答题时不准使用涂改液等具有明显标记的涂改用品。
昆明理工大学2019年考博英语试题-9页精选文档
昆明理工大学2019年秋季入学博士生招生考试试题考试科目代码：1111 考试科目名称：英语试题适用招生专业：全校考生答题须知1．所有题目（包括填空、选择、图表等类型题目）答题答案必须做在考点发给的答题纸上，做在本试题册上无效。
请考生务必在答题纸上写清题号。
2．评卷时不评阅本试题册，答题如有做在本试题册上而影响成绩的，后果由考生自己负责。
3．答题时一律使用蓝、黑色墨水笔或圆珠笔作答（画图可用铅笔），用其它笔答题不给分。
4．答题时不准使用涂改液等具有明显标记的涂改用品。
Part I Listening Comprehension (10 points)特别说明：听力理解题的Directions 以印在试题册上的为准。
Directions: In this part you will hear 20 statements. Each statement will be spoken only once. At the end of the statement you will be given 20 seconds to answer each of the questions. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.The questions are printed out for youNow please listen:1.The speaker is talking to a ________.A.doctorB. pharmacistC. mechanicD. waiter2.What is the speaker’s attitude ?A.He couldn’t agree any more.B. He agrees completely.C. He agrees partially.D. He couldn’t stand it any more.3.How much did Mr. Dawson pay for the sweater?A. $30B. $13C. $80D. $184.What does staying healthy mean today?A. You should often go to a doctor.B. Going to a doctor regularly helps.C. Keep fit and strong all the time.D. You should never go to a doctor.5.Where is the speaker ?A. In a bank.B. In a restaurant.C. In an office.D. In a shop.6.The speaker regretted having ___________.A. missed the gameB. gone to the gameC. won the gameD. missed the bet7.What does the speaker think about teachers?A.Teachers get much satisfaction from work.B.Teachers get little satisfaction from work..C.Few teachers are satisfied with their work.D.Few teachers feel satisfied with their salary.8.The speaker is comparing two _________.A. research projectsB. political declarationsC. kinds of candiesD. political events9.What does the speaker mean?A. John was unhappy with his dormitory.B. John’s dormitory wasn’t full.C. John didn’t meet me at the door.D. There wasn’t any vacant room.10.What does the statement imply?A. We are sorry that we both failed.B. Mary is envious of Jane’s success.C. We are amazed by the fact.D. Jane is envious of Mary’s success.11.The speaker thinks that ___________.A. writing is his favorite courseB.he prefers other courses to compositionC.one particular course is better than writingD. he doesn’t like any course, least of writing12.What does the speaker imply?A. He didn’t finish the exercises yesterday.B. The exercises were handed in yesterday.C. He knew the exercises should be handed in today.D. He doesn’t need to hand in the exercises today.13.The speaker was _________ minutes late.A. 50B. 15C. 30D. 1014.What does the statement mean?A. The speaker didn’t attend the exam.B. The speaker didn’t do the spelling.C. The speaker was good at spelling.D. The speaker ignored his spelling.15.According to the statement, the house is _________.A. badly builtB. noisy insideC. very dirtyD. in disorder16.The weather last weekend was ___________.A. warm and dryB. cold and wetC. cool and crispD. sunny and lovely17.Joe went to court because he was a __________.A. law breakerB. trainee lawyerC. friend of the judgeD. traffic policeman18.Where did the speaker think they were supposed to meet?A. On the platform.B. On the train.C. Near the stairs.D. At the information desk.19.What is being described?A. Telephone.B. Telegraph.C. Microfilm.D. Microscope.20.How long was the coach delayed?A. Three hours and forty-five minutes.B. Five and a half hours.C. Two hours and forty-five minutes.D. Eight hours and fifteen minutes.Part II Vocabulary and Structure (20 points)Directions: In this section, there are forty incomplete sentences. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. choose the one answer that best completes the sentence. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.21.In some countries preschool education in nursery schools or kindergartens________ the first grade.A.leadsB. precedesC. forwardsD. advances22.That tragedy distressed me so much that I used to keep indoors and go out only ________ necessity.A.within reach ofB. for fear ofC. by means ofD. in case of23.Haven’t I told you I don’t want you keeping ________ with those awful riding-about bicycle boys?panyB. acquaintanceC. friendsD. place24.This platform would collapse if all of us ________ on it.A.standB. stoodC. would standD. had stood25.It will be safer to walk the streets because people will not need to carry large amounts of cash. Virtually allfinancial ________ will be conducted by computer.A.transactionsB. transmissionsC. transitionsD. transformations26.The purpose of a ________ is to cut down imports in order to protect domestic industry and workers fromforeign competition.A.taxB. tollC. feeD. tariff27.We can rely on William to carry out this mission, for his judgment is always______.A.inexplicableB. healthyC. soundD. straight28.The director was critical ________ the way we were doing the work.A.atB. inC. ofD. with29.He came back later, ________ which time they had left.A.afterB. byC. fromD. foring extremely different decorating schemes in adjoining rooms may result in ________ and lack of unityin style.A.conflictB. confrontationC. disturbanceD. disharmony31.He promised me a letter, he ought to ________ it days ago.A.have writtenB. writeC. had writtenD. be writing32.The rules stated that anyone who had held office for three years was not ______ for reelection.A.admirableB. eligibleC. reliableD. capable33.Although there are several variations on the exact format that worksheets can take, they are all similar intheir ________ aspects.A.potentialB. socialC. essentialD. partial34.Negro slavery, many claimed, was good for all ________.A.concernedB. is concernedC. to concernD. that concerns35.We think ________ possible for them to fulfil their task in a few weeks..A.itB. thatC. whatD. this36.________ China is mobilized to go all out to build the country into a powerful, modern, socialist country.A.WholeB. The wholeC. The whole ofD. The all of37.________, we shall go out for a picnic on MondayA.Weather permitsB. Weather permittedC. Weather permittingD. With weather to permit38.Prof. Ward hardly ever went to ________ the theatre.A.neither the cinema norB. either the cinema norC. neither the cinema orD. either the cinema or39.Your advice would be ________ valuable to him, who is at present at his wit’s end..A.exceedinglyB. excessivelyC. extensivelyD. exclusively40.The monopoly-capitalist group ______ many smaller enterprises last year.A.integratedB. mergedC. combinedD. collected41.This watch is ________ to all the other watches on the market.A.superiorB. advantageousC. superD. beneficial42.Scholars maintain that social development can easily ________ language changes.A.bring upB. bring aboutC. bring outD. bring forward43.They are a firm of good repute and have large financial ________.A.reservesB. savingsC. storagesD. resources44.The bus moved slowly in the thick fog. We arrived at our ________ almost two hours later.A. designationB. destinyC. destinationD. dignity45.The government is trying to do something to ________ better understanding between the twp countries.A.raiseB. promoteC. heightenD. increase46.Every man in this country has the right to live where he wants to, ________ the color of his skin.A.with the exception ofB. in the light ofC. by virtue ofD. regardless of47.That sound doesn’t ________ in his language, so it’s difficult for him to pronounce it.A.happenB. occurC. haveD. take place48.My students found the book ________; it provided them with an abundance of information on the subject.A.enlighteningB. confusingC. distractingD. amusing49.I _______ you that the goods will be delivered next week.A.insistB. confirmC. assureD. ensure50.In many countries tobacco and medicine are government ________.A.controlB. monopolyC. businessD. belongings51.In this factory the machines are not regulated ________ but are jointly controlled by a central computersystem..A. independentlyB. individuallyC. irrespectivelyD. irregularly52.They lost their way in the forest, and ________ made matters worse was that night began to fall.A. itB. thatC. whichD. what53.The last half of the nineteenth century _________ the steady improvement in the means of travel.A. toldB. declaredC. viewedD. witnessed54.At first Jackie prayed, frozen in fear, but gradually his terror ________ curiosity.A. put up withB. lived up toC. gave way toD. did away with55.In most countries, the metric system has been ________ for all measurement..A. admittedB. adaptedC. appliedD. adopted56.One of the important properties of a scientific theory is its ability to________ further research and furtherthinking about a particular topic.A. inventB. stimulateC. renovateD. advocate57.There is a general ________ that pouring old wine into the same bottles is the wrong way to go.A. consensusB. censusC. censorshipD. conscience58.You are just the same ________you were the day when I first met you.A. thatB. asC. likeD. so59.Jack never dreams of _______ for him to be sent abroad to study very soon.A. being a chanceB. there being a chanceC. there to be a chanceD. there be a chance60.Criticism without suggesting areas of improvement is not ________ and should be avoided if possible.A. constructiveB. productiveC. descriptiveD. relativePart III Reading Comprehension (40 points)Directions:Read the following four passages. Answer the questions below each passage by choosing A, B, C or D. Write the appropriate letter on the ANSWER SHEET.Passage 1Questions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage:Psychiatrists who work with older parents say that maturity can be an asset in child rearing ——older parents are more thoughtful, use less physical discipline and spend more time with their children. But raising kids takes money and energy. Many older parents find themselves balancing their limited financial resources, declining energy and failing health against the growing demands of an active child. Dying and leaving young children is probably the older people’s biggest, and often unspoken, fear. Having late-life children, says an economics professor, often means parents, particularly fathers, “end up retiring much later.”For many, retirement becomes an unobtainable dream.Henry Metcalf, a 54-year-old journalist, knows it takes money to raise kids. But he’s also worried that his energy will give out first. Sure, he can still ride bikes with his athletic fifth grader, but he’s learned that young atheart doesn’t mean young. Lately he’s been taking afternoon naps to keep up his energy. “My body is aging,”says Metcalf, “You can’t get away from that.”Often, older parents hear the ticking of another kind of biological clock. Therapists who work with middle-aged and aged parents say fears about aging are nothing to laugh at. “They worry they’ll be mistaken for grandparents, or that they’ll need help getting up out of those little chairs in nursery school,” says Joann Galst, a New York psychologist. But at the core of those little fears there is often a much bigger one: “that they won’t be alive enough to support and protect their child,” she says.Many late-life parents, though, say their children came at just the right time. After marrying late and undergoing years of fertility treatment, Marilyn Nolen and her husband, Randy, had twins. “We both wanted children,” says Marilyn, who was 55 when she gave birth. The twins have given the couple what they desired for years, “a sense of family.”Kids of older dads are often smarter, happier and more sociable because their fathers are more involved in their lives. “The dads are older, more mature,” says Dr. Silber, “and more ready to focus on parenting.”61. Why do psychiatrists regard maturity as an asset in child rearing?A. Older parents can better balance their resources against children’s demands.B. Older parents are usually more experienced in bringing up their children.C. Older parents are often better prepared financially.D. Older parents can take better care of their children.62. What does the author mean by saying “For many, retirement becomes an unobtainable dream” (Line 6-7, Para. 1)?A. They have to go on working beyond their retirement age.B. They can’t get full pension unless they work some extra years.C. They can’t obtain the retirement benefits they have dreamed of.D. They are reluctant to retire when they reach their retiring age.63. The author gives the example of Henry Melcalf to show that ______.A. many people are young in spirit despite their advanced ageB. taking afternoon naps is a good way to maintain energyC. older parents tend to be concerned about their aging bodiesD. older parents should exercise more to keep up with their athletic children64. What’s the biggest fear of older parents according to New York psychologist Joann Galst?A. Being laughed at by other people.B. Slowing down of their paces of life.C. Being mistaken for grandparents.D. Approaching of death.65. What do we learn abut Marilyn and Randy Nolen?A. They thought they were examples of successful fertility treatment.B. Not until they had the twins did they feel they had formed a family.C. They believed that children born of older parents would be smarter.D. Not until they reached middle age did they think of having children.Passage 2Questions 66 to 70 are based on the following passage:Americans usually consider themselves a friendly people. Their friendships, however, tend to be shorter and more casual than friendships among people from other cultures. It is not uncommon for Americans to have only one close friend during their lifetime, and consider other “friends” to be just social acquaintances. This attitude probably has something to do with American mobility and the fact that Americans do not like to be dependent on other people. They tend to be “ompartmentahze（划分）friendships, having “friends at work”, “friends on thesoftball team”, “family friends”, etc.Because the United States is a highly active society, full of movement and change, people always seem to be on the go. In this highly changed atmosphere, Americans can sometimes seem brusque（无理的）or impatient. They want to get to know you as quickly as possible and then move on to something else. Sometimes, early on, they will ask you questions that you may feel very personal. No insult is intended; the questions usually grow out of their genuine interest or curiosity, and their impatience to get to the heart of the matter. And the same goes for you. If you do not understand certain American behavior or you want to know more about them, do not hesitate to ask them questions about themselves. Americans are usually eager to explain all about their country or anything “American” in which you may be interested. So much so in fact that you may become tired of listening. It doesn’t matter because Americans tend to be uncomfortable with silence during a conversation. They would rather talk about the weather or the latest sports scores, for example, than deal with silence.On the other hand, don’t expect Americans to be knowledgeable about international geography or world affairs, unless those subjects directly involve the United States. Because the United States is not surrounded by many other nations, some Americans tend to ignore the rest of the world.66. The general topic of the passage is ________.A. American cultureB. American societyC. Americans’ activitiesD. Americans’ personality67. Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE according to the passage?A. Americans do not like to depend on other people.B. Friendships among Americans tend to be casual.C. Americans know a lot about international affairs.D. Americans always seem to be on the go.68. The phrase “highly changed” (Paragraph 2) most probably means ________.A. extremely freeB. highly responsibleC. very cheerfulD. full of mobility and change69. It can be inferred from the passage that ________.A. Americans want to participate in all kinds of activitiesB. Americans’ character is affected by their social and geographical environmentC. Americans do not know how to deal with silenceD. Curiosity is characteristic of Americans70. According to the passage, Americans tend to ignore the rest of the world because _______.A. they are not interested in other countriesB. they are too proud of themselvesC. their country does not have many neighboring nationsD. they are too busy to learn about other countriesPassage 3Questions 71 to 75 are based on the following passage:The year 1400 opened with more peacefulness than usual in England. Only a few months before Richard II, weak, wicked, and treacherous, had been deposed, and Henry IV declared king in his stead. But it was only a seeming peacefulness, lasting for but a little while; for though King Henry proved himself a just and a merciful man, as justice and mercy went with the men of iron of those days——and though he did not care to shed blood needlessly, there were many noble families who had been benefited by King Richard during his reign, and who had lost somewhat of their power and prestige from the coming in of the new king.Among these were a number of great lords who had been degraded from their former titles and estates, from which degradation免职King Richard had lifted them. They planned to fall upon King Henry and his followers and to massacre them during a great tournament which was being held at Oxford. And they might havesucceeded had not one of their own members betrayed them. But Henry did not appear at the lists; whereupon, knowing that he had been lodging at Windsor with only a few attendants, the conspirators marched there against him. In the meantime, the king had been warned of the plot, so that instead of finding him in the royal castle, they discovered through their scouts that he had hurried to London, and that he was marching against them at the head of a considerable army. So nothing was left but fight. One and another, they were all caught and some killed. Those few who found friends faithful and bold enough to afford them shelter dragged those friends down in their own ruin.71. What does the author seem to think of King Henry ?A. He was the best king England had ever had.B. He was a better ruler than King Richard.C. He was unfair and cowardly.D. He was just as evil as King Richard.72. How did King Henry find out about the plot ?A. His scouts discovered it.B. He saw the conspirators coming.C. One of the conspirators told him.D. He found a copy of the conspirators’ plan.73. Why did the nobles wish to kill King Henry?A. Henry had taken away power given to them by King Richard.B. Henry was weak, treacherous, and wicked.C. Henry had needlessly killed members of their families.D. Henry had killed King Richard.74. It can be inferred that Richard II’s reign was ________.A. peacefulB. corruptC. democraticD. illegal75. The main purpose of the passage is to ________.A. prove that Richard II was a bad kingB. explain the customs of fifteenth-century EnglandC. describe some typical English kingsD. discuss the conspiracy against Henry IVPassage 4Questions 76 to 80 are based on the following passage:The full influence of mechanization began shortly after 1850, when a variety of machines came rapidly into use. The introduction of these machines frequently created rebellions by workers who were fearful that the machines would rob them of their work. Patrick Bell, in Scotland, and Cyrus McCormick, in United States, produced threshing machines打谷机. Ingenious improvements were made in plows to compensate for different soil types. Stream power came into use in 1860s on large farms. Hay rakes, hay-loaders, and various special harvesting machines were produced. Milking machines appeared. The internal-combustion engine run by gasoline became the chief power source for the farm.In time, the number of certain farm machines that came into use skyrocketed and changed the nature of farming. Between 1940 and 1960, for example, 12 million horses and mules gave way to 5 million tractors. Tractors offer many features that are attractive to farmers. There are, for example, numerous attachments: cultivators that can penetrate the soil to varying depths, rotary hoes that chop weeds; spray devices that can spray pesticides杀虫剂in lands 100 feet across, and many others.A piece of equipment has now been invented or adapted for virtually every laborious hand or animal operation on the farm. In the United States, for example, cotton, tobacco, hay, and grain are planted, treated for pests and diseased, fertilized, cultivated and harvested by machine. Large devices shake fruit and nut from trees, grain and blend feed, and dry grain and hay. Equipment is now available to put just the right amount of fertilizer in just the right place, to spray an exact row width, and to count out, space, and plant just the right number of seeds for a row.Mechanization is not used in agriculture in many parts of Latin America, Africa. Agriculture innovation is accepted fastest where agriculture is already profitable and progressive. Some mechanization has reached the level of plantation agriculture in parts of the tropics, but even today much of that land is laboriously worked bypeople leading draft animals pulling primitive plows.The problems of mechanization in some areas are not only cultural in nature. For examples, tropical soils and crops differ markedly from those in temperate areas that the machines are designed for, so adaptations have to be made. But the greatest obstacle to mechanization is the fear in underdeveloped countries that the workers who are displaced by machines would not find work elsewhere. Introducing mechanization into such areas requires careful planning.76. Which of the following best summarize the main idea of the first paragraph?A. The introduction of machines into agricultural work created rebellions by the workers.B. The use of internal-combustion engine run by gasoline became the chief power for the farm working.C. The mechanization of agricultural work gradually robbed many farmers of their work.D. Steam power began to be used in farming machines in the 1860s to yield production.77. In some areas of Latin America,A. mechanization is not yet used in agriculture.B. mechanization is accepted fastest.C. a lot of farm work is still done in the traditional way.D. primitive plows are no longer in use.78. By saying that “the problems of mechanizing some areas are not only cultural in nature”, the author meansA. mechanization is not yet introduced in some areas for reasons other than culture.B. human and animal labor in some areas are less expensive.C. different kinds of tools are used in different cultures.D. culture is the only factor that obstacles the introduction of mechanization.79. Which of the following statements about farmer’s attitude to mechanization is true?A. Farmers are all very happy to work with farming machines.B. Nearly all the farm works can be done by the machines, so many farmers go to work in cities.C. farm works become easy for the workers, so they love mechanization.D. Farm works don’t need many workers, so they are anxious about their own job opportunities.80. According to the passage, we can infer thatA. mechanization can be introduced to all areas for economic growth.B. human and animal labor in most areas are required.C. mechanization should be considered carefully in some countries.D. different kinds of mechanized farming tools are used in different cultures.Part IV Translation ( 20 points )Directions:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translations should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET.Governments throughout the world act on the assumption that the welfare of their people depends largely on the economic strength and wealth of the community. (81) Under modern conditions, this requires varying measures of centralized control and hence the help of specialized scientists such as economists and operational research experts. (82) Furthermore, it is obvious that the strength of a country’s economy is directly bound up with the efficiency of its agriculture and industry, and that this in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists and technologists of all kinds. It also means that governments are increasingly compelled to interfere in these sectors in order to step up production and ensure that it is utilized to the best advantage. For example, they may encourage research in various ways, including the setting up of their own research centers. They may alter the structure of education; they may cooperate directly in the growing number of international projects related to science, economics and industry. In any case, all such interventions are heavily dependent on scientific advice and also scientific and technological manpower of all kinds. (83) Owing to the remarkable development in mass-communication, people everywhere are feeling new wants and are being exposed to new customs and ideas,while governments are often forced to introduce still further innovations for the reasons given above. At the same time, the normal rate of social change throughout the world is taking place at a vastly accelerated speed compared with the past. For example, (84) in the early industrialized countries of Europe the process of industrialization with all the far-reaching changes in social patterns that followed was spread over nearly a century, whereas nowadays a developing nation may undergo the same process in a decade or so. All this has the effect of building up unusual pressures and tensions within the community and consequently presents serious problems for the governments concerned. (85) Additional social stresses may also occur because of the population explosion or problems arising from mass migration movements-themselves made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport. As a result of all these factors, governments are becoming increasingly dependent on biologists and social scientists for planning the appropriate programs and putting them into effect. Part V Writing (10 points)Directions: Present a written argument based on the following topic.Some people believe that government spends too much money on space research while there are stilla lot of problems on the earth. Do you agree or disagree？You should write no less than 150 words.Use your own ideas, knowledge and experience and support your arguments with examples and with relevant evidence.。
2019年昆明理工大学考博试题算法分析与设计
昆明理工大学2019年博士研究生招生考试试题
考试科目代码：2035 考试科目名称：算法分析与设计
考生答题须知
1．所有题目（包括填空、选择、图表等类型题目）答题答案必须做在考点发给的答题纸上，做在本试题册上无效。
请考生务必在答题纸上写清题号。
2．评卷时不评阅本试题册，答题如有做在本试题册上而影响成绩的，后果由考生自己负责。
3．答题时一律使用蓝、黑色墨水笔或圆珠笔作答（画图可用铅笔），用其它笔答题不给分。
4．答题时不准使用涂改液等具有明显标记的涂改用品。
2019昆明理工大学614环境生态学入学考试试题(A卷)考研真题硕士研究生专业课考试试题
8. 在被消费者同化的能量中，用于生长和繁殖的部分称为
。
9. 生态工程学的核心原理是整体性、
、再生循环与高效益。
10. 在一个种群中随机抽出一定数量的个体，其中基因型为 AA 的个体占 30%，基因型为 Aa 的个
体占 58%，基因型为 aa 的个体占 12%。那么 a 的基因频率为
。
11. 在生物多样性的四个层次中，
7. 安全浓度
8. 微核
9. 景观
10. 生态适宜度
第 2 页 共 3页
四、论述题（5 小题，共 75 分）
（一）请解释以下生态现象（每小题 5 分，共 25 分） 1. 研究表明，人为延长光照时间，可以促进萝卜、菠菜、小麦、大麦、油菜等植物提前开花。 2. 把豹蛙放置在 10℃的温度中进行实验，发现如果在此之前，它长期生活在 25℃的环境中，
9. 在南美洲的一种没有自卫能力的文鸟，选择最凶狠、最有毒的黄蜂为其邻居，借以保护自己，
二者之间的种间关系属于
。
A. 偏利共生
B. 互利共生
C. 原始协作 D. 寄生
10. 中国植物群落分类原则是
。
A. 生态学原则
B. 动态原则
C. 群落学—生态学原则
D. 植物区系学原则
11. 先锋植物在裸地上出现时，其空间格局通常是
D. 所有消费者
二、填空题（每空 1 分，共 15 分）
1．种群的逻辑斯谛增长曲线可以分为
个时期，其中
期密度增长最快。
2．生物或处于同一营养级的许多生物种群，从周围环境中吸收并积累某种元素或难分解的化合
物，导致生物体内该物质的浓度超过环境中浓度的现象称为
。
3. 限制因子原理主要包括两条重要的定律，一是
昆明理工大学2019年《2016普通生态学》考博专业课真题试卷
昆明理工大学2019年博士研究生招生考试试题
考试科目代码：2016 考试科目名称：普通生态学
考生答题须知
1．所有题目（包括填空、选择、图表等类型题目）答题答案必须做在考点发给的答题纸上，做在本试题册上无效。
请考生务必在答题纸上写清题号。
2．评卷时不评阅本试题册，答题如有做在本试题册上而影响成绩的，后果由考生自己负责。
3．答题时一律使用蓝、黑色墨水笔或圆珠笔作答（画图可用铅笔），用其它笔答题不给分。
4．答题时不准使用涂改液等具有明显标记的涂改用品。
第 1 页共1 页。
昆明理工大学624普通生物学专业课考研真题(2019年)
入 学 考 试 试 题
（原版真题）
全国高校自命题专业课考研真题（原版试题）
昆明理工大学 2019 年硕士研究生招生入学考试试题(A 卷)
考试科目代码：624
考试科目名称 ：普通生物学
考生答题须知
1． 所有题目（包括填空、选择、图表等类型题目）答题答案必须做在考点发给的答题纸上，做在本试题册上无效。 请考生务必在答题纸上写清题号。
第1页共1页
第 1／1页
6. 简述细胞膜的流动镶嵌模型。
四、论述题（共 30 分，每题 15 分）
1. 为了使洗衣粉或洗衣液具有更好的洗涤效果，请问需要在其中添加哪些酶制剂？同时请应用基
因工程技术阐明如何获得活性更强、产量更高的这些酶制剂。
2. 什么是可持续发展？你认为我国在可持续发展方面面临什么问题，可以采取哪些应对措施？
2． 评卷时不评阅本试题册，答题如有做在本试题册上而影响成绩的，后果由考生自己负责。 3． 答题时一律使用蓝、黑色墨水笔或圆珠笔作答（画图可用铅笔），用其它笔答题不给分。 4． 答题时不准使用涂改液等具有明显标记的涂改用品。
一、名词解释（共 30 分，每个 3 分）
1. 酶的活性中心； 2. 内在膜蛋白；3. 噬菌体； 4. 主动运输； 5. 食物链； 6. 第二信使； 7. 蛋
种内（ ）的多样性，由（ ）种碱基在 DNA 长链上不同的排列组合，决定了遗传的多样性。
三、简答题（共 60 分，每题 10 分）
1. 请用实验证明生物体的遗传物质是什么。
2. 举例说明蛋白质的空间结构对于其功能具有决定性的作用。
3. 简述光合作用的过程
4. 什么是干细胞，简述干细胞的分类。译； 8. 终止子； 9. 有氧呼吸； 10. 细胞免疫
2019年昆明理工大学考博试题物理化学(环工院)
昆明理工大学2019年博士研究生招生考试试题
考试科目代码：2014 考试科目名称：物理化学
考生答题须知
1．所有题目（包括填空、选择、图表等类型题目）答题答案必须做在考点发给的答题纸上，做在本试题册上无效。
请考生务必在答题纸上写清题号。
2．评卷时不评阅本试题册，答题如有做在本试题册上而影响成绩的，后果由考生自己负责。
3．答题时一律使用蓝、黑色墨水笔或圆珠笔作答（画图可用铅笔），用其它笔答题不给分。
4．答题时不准使用涂改液等具有明显标记的涂改用品。
昆明理工大学2019年博士研究生招生考试试题
昆明理工大学2019年博士研究生招生考试试题。
昆明理工大学英语2019年考博真题博士入学试卷
昆明理工大学2019年博士研究生招生考试试题（A）
考试科目代码：1111 考试科目名称：英语
试题适用招生专业：全校
考生答题须知
1．所有题目（包括填空、选择、图表等类型题目）答题答案必须做在考点发给的答题纸上，做在本试题册上无效。
请考生务必在答题纸上写清题号。
2．评卷时不评阅本试题册，答题如有做在本试题册上而影响成绩的，后果由考生自己负责。
3．答题时一律使用蓝、黑色墨水笔或圆珠笔作答（画图可用铅笔），用其它笔答题不给分。
4．答题时不准使用涂改液等具有明显标记的涂改用品。
第 1 页共 6 页。
2019年云南昆明理工大学普通生态学考研真题
2019年云南昆明理工大学普通生态学考研真题
一、概念辨析题（除常规的名词解释外，须写出两个概念的异同点。
每小题5分，共30分，
每个概念翻译正确得0.5分）
2. Allen’s law/Allee’s law
1.Physiologically effective radiation/
Physiologically ineffective radiation
3.Bio-enrichment/Bio-magnification
4.Equilibrium theory/Non-equilibrium theory
5. Food chain/Food web
6.Intraspecific relationship/Interspecific
relationship
二、论述题（5小题，共70分）
1．从光、温度、水分和土壤四类生态因子中任选一类，简述其生态作用并举例说明生物如
何适应该生态因子。
（10分）
2．简述种群动态的调节机制。
（15分）
3．对群落的种类组成进行数量分析，是近代群落分析技术的基础。
请简述群落调查时种群
的个体数量指标和综合数量指标分别有哪些？（10分）
4．什么叫生态平衡？你认为应该怎样才能保持生态平衡、实现人与自然和谐发展？（15分）
5．环境生态学是环境科学和生态学交叉渗透形成的一门边缘学科，近年来国内外该学科的
研究方兴未艾。
请任选一个与该学科有关并且你感兴趣的研究方向，写一个简单的项目计
划书。
要求写明：（1）该研究方向目前最重要进展和尚存在的不足；（2）你准备开展的研
究内容；（3）简明的研究方案。
（20分）。
2019年昆明理工大学考博试题随机过程
昆明理工大学2019年博士研究生招生考试试题
考试科目代码：2034 考试科目名称：随机过程
考生答题须知
1．所有题目（包括填空、选择、图表等类型题目）答题答案必须做在考点发给的答题纸上，做在本试题册上无效。
请考生务必在答题纸上写清题号。
2．评卷时不评阅本试题册，答题如有做在本试题册上而影响成绩的，后果由考生自己负责。
3．答题时一律使用蓝、黑色墨水笔或圆珠笔作答（画图可用铅笔），用其它笔答题不给分。
4．答题时不准使用涂改液等具有明显标记的涂改用品。
随机变量、的自相关函数、线性无关。
的均值函数D
是参数为则
服从参数为
（张）的泊松分布，每张彩票售价
内接到电话呼叫数为
,
假设通过某路口的车辆数符合强度为
,
维修时间服从指数分布令表示
，其中相互独立，且都服从正态分布。
昆明理工大学624普通生物学12-19年真题
考试科目代码：624 考试科目名称：政治学原理试题适用招生专业：马克思主义基本原理、思想政治教育考生答题须知1．所有题目（包括填空、选择、图表等类型题目）答题答案必须做在考点发给的答题纸上，做在本试题册上无效。
请考生务必在答题纸上写清题号。
2．评卷时不评阅本试题册，答题如有做在本试题册上而影响成绩的，后果由考生自己负责。
3．答题时一律使用蓝、黑色墨水笔或圆珠笔作答（画图可用铅笔），用其它笔答题不给分。
4．答题时不准使用涂改液等具有明显标记的涂改用品。
第1页共1页考试科目代码：624 考试科目名称：哲学通论考生答题须知5．所有题目（包括填空、选择、图表等类型题目）答题答案必须做在考点发给的答题纸上，做在本试题册上无效。
请考生务必在答题纸上写清题号。
6．评卷时不评阅本试题册，答题如有做在本试题册上而影响成绩的，后果由考生自己负责。
7．答题时一律使用蓝、黑色墨水笔或圆珠笔作答（画图可用铅笔），用其它笔答题不给分。
8．答题时不准使用涂改液等具有明显标记的涂改用品。
昆明理工大学2014年硕士研究生招生入学考试试题(A卷) 考试科目代码：624 考试科目名称：普通生物学考生答题须知9．所有题目（包括填空、选择、图表等类型题目）答题答案必须做在考点发给的答题纸上，做在本试题册上无效。
请考生务必在答题纸上写清题号。
10．评卷时不评阅本试题册，答题如有做在本试题册上而影响成绩的，后果由考生自己负责。
11．答题时一律使用蓝、黑色墨水笔或圆珠笔作答（画图可用铅笔），用其它笔答题不给分。
12．答题时不准使用涂改液等具有明显标记的涂改用品。
昆明理工大学2015年硕士研究生招生入学考试试题(A卷) 考试科目代码：624 考试科目名称：普通生物学考生答题须知13．所有题目（包括填空、选择、图表等类型题目）答题答案必须做在考点发给的答题纸上，做在本试题册上无效。
请考生务必在答题纸上写清题号。
14．评卷时不评阅本试题册，答题如有做在本试题册上而影响成绩的，后果由考生自己负责。
2019年昆明理工大学考博试题西医综合
昆明理工大学2019年博士研究生招生考试试题
考试科目代码：2031 考试科目名称：西医综合
考生答题须知
1．所有题目（包括填空、选择、图表等类型题目）答题答案必须做在考点发给的答题纸上，做在本试题册上无效。
请考生务必在答题纸上写清题号。
2．评卷时不评阅本试题册，答题如有做在本试题册上而影响成绩的，后果由考生自己负责。
3．答题时一律使用蓝、黑色墨水笔或圆珠笔作答（画图可用铅笔），用其它笔答题不给分。
4．答题时不准使用涂改液等具有明显标记的涂改用品。
第 1 页共1 页。
昆明理工大学材料力学2019年考博真题博士入学试卷
昆明理工大学2019年博士研究生招生考试试题
考试科目代码：2024 考试科目名称：材料力学
考生答题须知
1．所有题目（包括填空、选择、图表等类型题目）答题答案必须做在考点发给的答题纸上，做在本试题册上无效。
请考生务必在答题纸上写清题号。
2．评卷时不评阅本试题册，答题如有做在本试题册上而影响成绩的，后果由考生自己负责。
3．答题时一律使用蓝、黑色墨水笔或圆珠笔作答（画图可用铅笔），用其它笔答题不给分。
4．答题时不准使用涂改液等具有明显标记的涂改用品。
第 1 页共 3 页。
昆明理工大学自动控制理论2019年考博真题博士入学试卷
昆明理工大学2019年博士研究生招生考试试题
考试科目代码：2025 考试科目名称：自动控制理论
考生答题须知
1．所有题目（包括填空、选择、图表等类型题目）答题答案必须做在考点发给的答题纸上，做在本试题册上无效。
请考生务必在答题纸上写清题号。
2．评卷时不评阅本试题册，答题如有做在本试题册上而影响成绩的，后果由考生自己负责。
3．答题时一律使用蓝、黑色墨水笔或圆珠笔作答（画图可用铅笔），用其它笔答题不给分。
4．答题时不准使用涂改液等具有明显标记的涂改用品。
昆明理工大学2012年秋季入学博士研究生招生考试试题(A)
昆明理工大学2012年秋季入学博士研究生招生考试试题（A）
考试科目代码：1111 考试科目名称：英语
试题适用招生专业：
考生答题须知
1．所有题目（包括填空、选择、图表等类型题目）答题答案必须做在考点发给的答题纸上，做在本试题册上无效。
请考生务必在答题纸上写清题号。
2．评卷时不评阅本试题册，答题如有做在本试题册上而影响成绩的，后果由考生自己负责。
3．答题时一律使用蓝、黑色墨水笔或圆珠笔作答（画图可用铅笔），用其它笔答题不给分。
4．答题时不准使用涂改液等具有明显标记的涂改用品。
昆明理工大学2012年博士研究生招生考试试题。
昆明理工大学考研试题环境生态学(2012-2016年)
态学和
生态学。
7. 按演替的起始条件划分，可将演替分为
和
两种类型。
四、名词解释题（每小题 3 分，共 30 分。英文名词请先翻译再解释，翻译正确得 1 分。）
1．环境荷尔蒙； 2．冗余假说； 3. 微核； 4. 生态监测 5. 林德曼定律 6. Bio-enrichment； 7．companion species（common species）； 8．intra-specific competition； 9. self design versus design theory； 10. logging slash.
2． 评卷时不评阅本试题册，答题如有做在本试题册上而影响成绩的，后果由考生自己负责。 3． 答题时一律使用蓝、黑色墨水笔或圆珠笔作答（画图可用铅笔），用其它笔答题不给分。 4． 答题时不准使用涂改液等具有明显标记的涂改用品。
一、单项选择题（每小题 2 分，共 16 分。每小题只有一个选项符合题意。）
B. 动植物种类繁多，群落结构复杂
C. 高温多雨，分解者的活动旺盛
D. 恢复力、稳定性比草原生态系统强
二、多项选择题（每小题 3 分，共 15 分。每小题给出的五个选项中，有不止一个选 项符合题意。每小题全选对者得 3 分，其他情况不给分。）
1. 旱生植物不具有的特点是 A. 根系发达，叶面积小 D. 根系不发达，叶面积大
。
A. CO2
B. N2O
C. O3
4．下列植物中哪种可以超富集砷?
D. CFCS
A. 龙葵 B. 商陆 C. 蜈蚣草 D. 东南景天
5．内蒙古高原典型草原气候顶级是大针茅草原，但松厚土壤上的羊草草原是在大针茅草草原出
现之前的一个比较稳定的群落，称为
XXX博士入学考试历年试题(完整版)
XXX博士入学考试历年试题(完整版)XXX的博士入学考试历年试题包括教育学、训练学和运动生理。
但是由于往年的英语试题无法获取，考生们对于考试的题型一开始完全不了解。
后来通过多条渠道，考生们才了解到了英语试题的题型。
现在的英语试题包括词汇题、完形填空、阅读理解、英语翻译汉语、汉语翻译英语和作文。
在复词汇时，考生们以为考博至少应该是6级以上的，因此复时以6级和考研词汇为主。
但是当看到题目后才发现自己的复思路错了。
大部分的词汇都是词组，6级词汇一个都没有出现。
例如，第一道题是关于hang on、hang up等词汇辨析，题目大意是一个人在打电话，然后说：“我去拿一下笔和纸”。
因此，基本上20道题都是考这种词组辨析。
此外，还有考语法，考生们猜到了基本要考倒装和虚拟。
因此，这两部分搞清楚了语法应该可以拿得下来。
完形填空就没有什么好讲的了，因为题量大，基本每道题目都是只看一遍。
所以完型填空考得什么内容也想不起来了。
但是总体感觉完型填空不会很难，不会到那种你自己都看晕的地步。
阅读理解虽然有6篇，但是并不是每篇篇幅都很长。
这次第5篇阅读很短，好像我记忆中只有两三个小问题。
但是考生们需要注意的是，阅读理解的难度会逐渐增加。
英语翻译汉语和汉语翻译英语都是比较基础的题型，但是需要注意的是翻译的准确性和语言表达的流畅度。
作文的分值只有15分，但是也需要注意语言的表达和逻辑性。
Recently。
a student shared their XXX taking the Beijing Sport University entrance exam。
XXX。
vocabulary。
XXX。
XXX。
The student found that the exam was manageable。
XXX。
and the XXX。
the exam was not overly difficult。
but it is XXX.1、分析不同运动强度下肌肉糖原的利用情况及其对运动表现的影响。
2019年昆明理工大学考博试题概率论与数理统计
昆明理工大学2019年博士研究生招生考试试题
考试科目代码：2021 考试科目名称 ：概率论与数理统计
考生答题须知
1． 所有题目（包括填空、选择、图表等类型题目）答题答案必须做在考点发给的答题纸上，做在本试题册上无效。
请考生务必在答题纸上写清题号。
2． 评卷时不评阅本试题册，答题如有做在本试题册上而影响成绩的，后果由考生自己负责。
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(3,2)N (5,4)N A 12P P = B 12P P <)0.6B =)B =（ C 0.12 D 0.4
从中不放回地任取个球，那么刚好取到(3,)N σ。
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昆明理工大学2019年博士研究生招生考试试题
考试科目代码：2016 考试科目名称：普通生态学
考生答题须知
1．所有题目（包括填空、选择、图表等类型题目）答题答案必须做在考点发给的答题纸上，做在本试题册上无效。
请考生务必在答题纸上写清题号。
2．评卷时不评阅本试题册，答题如有做在本试题册上而影响成绩的，后果由考生自己负责。
3．答题时一律使用蓝、黑色墨水笔或圆珠笔作答（画图可用铅笔），用其它笔答题不给分。
4．答题时不准使用涂改液等具有明显标记的涂改用品。
一、概念辨析题（除常规的名词解释外，须写出两个概念的异同点。
每小题5分，共30分，每个概念翻译正确得0.5分）
2. Allen’s law/Allee’s law
1.Physiologically effective radiation/
Physiologically ineffective radiation
3.Bio-enrichment/Bio-magnification
4.Equilibrium theory/Non-equilibrium theory
5. Food chain/Food web
6.Intraspecific relationship/Interspecific
relationship
二、论述题（5小题，共70分）
1．从光、温度、水分和土壤四类生态因子中任选一类，简述其生态作用并举例说明生物如何适应该生态因子。
（10分）
2．简述种群动态的调节机制。
（15分）
3．对群落的种类组成进行数量分析，是近代群落分析技术的基础。
请简述群落调查时种群的个体数量指标和综合数量指标分别有哪些？（10分）
4．什么叫生态平衡？你认为应该怎样才能保持生态平衡、实现人与自然和谐发展？（15分）
5．环境生态学是环境科学和生态学交叉渗透形成的一门边缘学科，近年来国内外该学科的研究方兴未艾。
请任选一个与该学科有关并且你感兴趣的研究方向，写一个简单的项目计划书。
要求写明：（1）该研究方向目前最重要进展和尚存在的不足；（2）你准备开展的研究内容；（3）简明的研究方案。
（20分）
第 1 页共 2 页。