美国文学史及选读1.2

Franklin • Edwards 富兰克林、爱德华兹
Two representatives of Puritanism in two
aspects
Franklin • Edwards
Benjamin Franklin Jonathan Edwards
Edwards and Franklin P32
Calvinism :P28
is also called Calvinist beliefs and tenets that man was, since the Fall, basically evil and enslaved by his sense of sin, and that God was all, and would in His mercy and love work for man’s salvation, but as for man, all he could do ( if ever there was anything he could do ) was to worship the Almighty and hope.
Edwards
The Universe became something mechanical, like a clock, not controlled
by the God
Man was evil and enslaved by his sense of sin, God was all, he would work for man’s
They were contemporaries, came from the same parent stock, theΒιβλιοθήκη BaiduPuritanism of New England; they represented the whole of the colonial mind of America.
The 18th-century American Enlightenment was a movement marked by an emphasis on rationality rather than tradition, scientific inquiry instead of unquestioning religious dogma, and representative government in place of monarchy.
Historical Background
What happened in Europe in the 18th century?
Enlightenment!!!
In the 18th century, people believed in man’s own nature and the power of human reason.
Enlightenment thinkers and writers were devoted to the ideals of justice, liberty, and equality as the natural rights of man.
The colonists who would form a new nation were firm believers in the power of reason; they were ambitious, inquisitive, optimistic, practical, politically astute精明的, and self-reliant.
religious idealism (理想的宗 教信仰)
levelheaded common
sense(明智冷 静的判断力)
Two Basic Patterns of Thought
Newton’s
Calvinist
Deism(自然神论)
beliefs
Franklin
in collision with
Puritanism?
3. Who is the first American woman poet?
4. What are the two groups of writers of colonial period?
Chapter Two
The Period of Enlightenment Revolutionary Period (1775-1783)
American Literature
A Survey of American Literature
&
Selected Readings in American Literature
Revision
1. What is the definition of Puritanism?
2. What are the doctrines of
salvation
To study his handiwork, the natural world, the human world
To worship the God himself
Deism:P28
The deists hold that God is indeed the creator of the universe, “ the maker of the clock,” but He has left it to operate according to natural law. Thus the best way to worship God is to study his handiwork, namely, the natural world and the human world, and to do good things to mankind. （自然神教派，宗教 与启蒙精神相结合的产物）
With Franklin as its spokesman, the 18th century America experienced an age of reason.
People wrote a lot of political writings. Numerous pamphlets and printings were published. These works agitated revolutionary people not only in America but also around the world.