教室照明智能管理系统

2013第九届“博创杯”全国大学生嵌入式设计大赛

作品设计报告

教室照明智能管理系统

Classroom lighting intelligent management system

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参赛学校：西安培华学院

作者：吴生旺罗奇

指导教师：***

摘要

当前，随着经济的飞速发展，能源短缺问题日益突出，成为一个国家经济发展的障碍。作为工业生产和人民生活不可或缺的电力能源更是如此。尤其现今越来越提倡低碳生活，节约能源已经成为一种全球共识，而作为培养社会精英的高校更应该起到榜样的作用。但是，在校园内，教室空无一人灯火通明现象屡见不鲜，这不仅造成了严重的资源浪费，也对高校的形象造成了很坏的影响。因此，开发简便、节能、实用的教室灯光智能控制系统具有重要的现实意义。

本文介绍的教室智能灯光控制系统主要是以RS485总线为基础，自定义的通信协议相结合的方式，搭建了一套了较为完善的集灯光智能控制与远程管理功能为一体的系统。

首先，本文结合灯光智能控制控制系统的特点，提出了四种组网方式，权衡这四种组网方式，提出了以RS485总线为教室控制网络，以基于FPGA综合实训平台的EP2C35芯片的开发箱为教室智能控制主机，采用集中管理、节点自动控制的方式对教室灯光进行控制。

其次，本文介绍了教室灯光智能控制系统中使用的电路模块及实现的功能、简单介绍了搭建的硬件框架及主要组成部分，以及由STC单片机组成的教室设备节点最小系统，同时简介了最小系统的统一接口外挂传感器模块、通信接收模块、控制模块等，与主机相组成为一套完整的控制系统。

再次，本文设计了一套采用热释电传感器检测人体信息和光照传感器采集外部环境的光照的系统，并通过微控制器及软件编程的技术实现灯光系统的控制。系统通过对人体的信号和环境光信号的识别和智能判断，作为教室合理开灯的条件，完成对教室照明回路的智能控制，避免了教室用电的大量浪费。

最后，通过主机上的显示器模块对每个教室节点的状态进行查询，通过通信协议对每个节点传输查询命令，教室节点便把该教室的灯光状态发送到主控制室，便于管理人员进行教室的管理。

本文设计的教室灯光智能管理系统解决了传统开关照明系统结构功能单一，只能人为化控制无法实现自动化等对象缺点。同时充分利用了自然光照，减少了能源过度的浪费。

关键字：智能控制系统、RS485总线、通信协议、灯光管理、传感器

Abstract

Nowadays, with the rapid economic development, energy shortages have become increasingly prominent, become a national economic development obstacles. As an integral part of industrial production and people's life energy to power even more so. Especially in today's increasingly promote low carbon living, energy conservation has become a global consensus, but as a culture of social elite universities should play a role model. However, in the campus, classrooms empty lights are common occurrences, which not only caused a serious waste of resources, but also on the university's image caused a very bad influence. Therefore, the development of simple, energy-saving, practical classroom lighting intelligent control system has important practical significance.

Firstly, combined with intelligent control lighting control system, this paper proposes four networking, networking weigh these four put forward by the RS485 bus control network for the classroom, based on comprehensive training platform EP2C35 FPGA chip development intelligent control box for the classroom host, centralized management, automatic node in a controlled manner to control the classroom lights.

Secondly, this paper introduces the classroom lighting intelligent control system used in the circuit module and achieve the function, a brief introduction to the framework and the main structures of the hardware components, as well as the composition of the classroom by the STC microcontroller minimum system device nodes, while the smallest system Introduction unified interface to external sensor module, the communication receiver module, control module, and the host phase consisting of a complete control system.

Again, the article has designed a pyroelectric sensor and light sensor detect human information collected in the external environment illumination system and programmed by the microcontroller and software technology to achieve lighting system control. System through the body's signals and ambient light signal recognition and intelligent judgment, as a classroom lights reasonable conditions, the completion of classroom lighting intelligent control loop to avoid wasting a lot of electricity in the classroom.

Finally, the display module on the host status of the nodes in each classroom query, via a communication protocol for each node transmits query command, put the classroom classroom node status is sent to the main control room lighting, ease of management personnel of the classroom management.

This design of classroom lighting intelligent management system to solve the traditional function of a single switch lighting system structure can only be contrived control objects such shortcomings can not be automated. Taking full advantage of the natural light, reducing the excessive energy waste.

Keywords:Intelligent Control System, RS485 bus, Communication Protocol，Lighting Management,Sensor