关系代词that 用法

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关系代词that 用法

that常用作关系代词,可指代某人,也可指代某物,指物时有的时候可用which替换that,指人时可用who替换。但在下列情况下,一般用that。

一、that指代某物事时

1.先行词为all, few, little, much, the one, something, anything, everything, nothing等时。如:

(1)We'll do all that we can to protect the endangered plants and animals.

我们将尽我们的最大努力来保护那些濒危的动植物。

(2) There is much that I wan to tell you.

我有很多想要告诉你的话。

(3) Is there anything that I can do for you?

有什么我可以帮你的吗?

2. 先行词被all, every, no, some, any, (a)few, (a)little, much等限定词修饰时。如:

(4) You can borrow any book that you want to read in our school library.

在我们图书馆,你可以借任何你想读的书。

3. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。如:

(5)This is the most beautiful city that I've ever seen.

这是我见过的最漂亮的城市。

4. 先行词被the only, the very, the right, the last 等修饰时。如:

(6)This is the very factory that they visited last summer holiday.

这恰好是他们去年参观的那个工厂。

(7)This is the only painting in this style that we have.

这种风格的画我们仅有一幅。

5. 先行词是并列结构,既有人又有物时。如:

(8)He talked happily of the writer and his books that interested him.

6. 先行词前有the same 修饰,表示和先行词是同一物时。如:

(9)This is the same purse that I lost yesterday.

这就是我昨天丢的那个钱夹。

注:如果表示的是与先行词同一类或相似的某物,则用the same…as….如:

(10)This is the same purse as I lost yesterday.

这个钱夹和我昨天丢的那个一样。

7. 先行词为数词时。

(11)Look at the books on the bookshelf. You can see the two that you bou ght me for my birthday.

瞧书架上那些书。你可以看到我过生日时你买的那两本。

8. 如果which引导的定语从句中又含有一个定语从句,为避免重复,第二个定语从句用that。如:

(12)They built a factory which produced things that had never been seen.

他们建了一工厂,生产以前从未见过的东西。

9. 以which作主语开头的特殊问句,为了避免重复,定语从句用that。如。

(13)Which is the bus that you will take?

你要乘的是哪一班车?

10. 关系代词在定语从句中作表语时,而且通常省略。如:

(14)My hometown is no longer the place that it used to be.

我的家乡再也不是以前那个样子了。

11. 关系代词在there be 句型中作主语时,而且常可以省略。如:

(15)This is the fastest train (that) there has ever been.

这是有史以来最快的列车。

二、that 指代某人时。

1. 泛指某人时。如:

(16)He is a man that is never at a loss.

他是一个从未一筹莫展的人。

2. 主句是以作主语的who开头的特殊问句,为了避免重复时。如:

(17)Who is the person that is talking with our headmaster?

和我们校长说话的那人是谁?

3. 先行词前有the same时。如:

(18)This is the same man that gave us a talk last year.

这和去年给我们作报告的是同一人。

4. 关系代词在定语从句中作表语时。如:

(19)He has changed. He was not the man (that) he was 10 years ago.

他变了。他再也不是10年前的他了。

另外,that也可用作关系副词,表示时间、地点、原因和方式,在口语中可以用来代替when, where, why 引导的定语从句。在以下名词day, year, time, moment, reason, place等作先行词时,可用that作关系副词引导定语从句。如:

(20)I'll never forget the day (that) I joined the League.

我永远不会忘记我入团的那一天。

(21)Is this the reason (that) they were late for the meeting?

这就是他们开会迟到的原因吗?

(22)We want to find a place (that) we can have a picnic.

我们想找一个我们能野餐的地方。

(23)This is the first time that I have been abroad for traveling.

这是我第一次到国外去旅游。

(注:先行词是time,前面有序数词或last修饰时,常用that引导定语从句或者省略。)

当先行词为表示方式的词the way时,可用that引导定语从句, that常可以省略。

(24)I don't the way you speak to her.

我不喜欢你和她说话那种方式。

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