挑战杯河北省一等奖大蒜联合收获机

2015

河北省

三点悬挂牵引式

双行大蒜联合收获机

河北省大学生挑战杯竞赛作品

河北工程大学

2015/4/8

目录

摘要 (3)

第一章. 导论 (6)

1.1选题背景 (6)

1.2现实意义 (8)

1.3国内外大蒜收割机的研发 (9)

1.3.1国内大蒜收获机型介绍 (9)

1.3.2国外大蒜收获机型介绍 (16)

1.4小结 (19)

第2章大蒜收获机的方案设计 (22)

2.1基本思路和创新点 (22)

2.2整机结构与工作原理 (23)

2.3关键与创新研究设计 (23)

2.3.1驱动行走系统的研究设计 (23)

2.3.2挖掘系统的研究设计 (24)

2.3.3抖土提升系统的研究设计 (26)

2.3.4剪切系统的研究设计 (27)

2.3.5动力传输系统的研究设计 (28)

第三章重要部件受力分析 (29)

第四章田间收获作业性能测试 (30)

4.1测试条件 (30)

4.2测试过程 (30)

第五章市场前景与预测发展 (32)

第六章产品相关数据 (35)

参考文献 (37)

摘要

目前我国的农业生产中，农业活动占了很大一部分的劳动力资源，随着工业化步伐的不断向前迈进，农业机械化在农业生产中扮演着越来越重要的角色。同时我国也是世界大蒜的主要生产国、消费国和出口国，大蒜产品远销东南亚、东亚、中东、美洲、欧洲等地，年创汇超过４亿美元。大蒜是劳动密集型栽培作物，收获作业是其生产过程的重要环节，存在人工作业劳动强度大、占用农时多、收获季节性强、收获损失大、效率低等问题，已成为影响大蒜生产发展、产业成长的主要问题。随着粮食作物生产机械化的不断发展和日趋成熟，大蒜机械化收获问题也备受关注，已成为我国农业机械化需求和研发的重点之一。我国大蒜机械化收获机具的研究起步晚、技术水平不成熟、可靠性差、效率低，与发达国家相比具有较大差距。近年来，农业部和国内大蒜主产区均非常重视大蒜的机械化收获，国内相关领域科研院所和企业在各级政府的支持下，通过消化吸收国内、外先进技术，相继开发了一些大蒜收获机。总体而言，我国大陆大蒜机械化收获技术装备的研发还处于初期阶段，多数设备尚在样机试验及中试阶段，作业质量、适应性、可靠性与经济性等方面还需提升。

本文设计的是一种可调节收获间距的三点悬挂牵引式双行大蒜联合收获机，该大蒜收获机由可调节深度挖掘系统、可调收获行间距系统、抖土提升系统、蒜头定尺剪切系统、收集系统、液压动力传输系统组成，可一次完成大蒜的挖掘、土蒜分离，蒜头定尺剪切和装袋

等作业工序,具有结构精巧，操作方便，工况适应性强，价格低廉等特点，能够适应当前我国大蒜种植业需求，大幅降低蒜农种植成本，提升大蒜收获效率的全面功能。

关键词：大蒜联合收获机、抖土提升、定尺剪切、可调节收获间距。

Abstract

At present our country's agricultural production,agriculture accounts for a large part of the labor force resources,continue to move forward with the pace of industrialization, agricultural mechanization plays a more and more important role in agricultural production.At the same time,China is also the world garlic's main producer,consumer and exporter,garlic products are exported to Southeast Asia,East Asia,Middle East,America,Europe and other places,year earned more than $400000000. Garlic is a labor-intensive crop cultivation,harvesting is an important link of the production process,there are artificial labor intensity big,take up farming season,the harvest season,the harvest of loss,low efficiency,has become the influence the development of industrial production growth,the main problem of garlic.With the continuous development of machinery for the production of food crops and the increasingly mature,garlic mechanized

harvesting problem is also of concern,has become China's agricultural

mechanization needsand development priorities.Study on the equipment of mechanical harvest of garlic in China started late,the technical level is not mature,poor reliability,low efficiency,compared with the developed countries have a large gap.In recent years,the Ministry of agriculture and the domestic garlic producing areas have attached great importance to harvest mechanization of garlic,domestic related research institutes and enterprises at all levels of government support,absorbing advanced technology at home and abroad,through digestion,have developed some garlic harvesting machine.Overall,China's R & D,garlic harvest mechanization technology and equipment is still at the initial stage,the majority of equipment is still in prototype test and trial stage,operation quality,adaptability,reliability and economy and other aspects need to be further improved.

This design is a three point interval a djustable suspension traction type double harvest combine harvester for garlic, the garlic harvester with adjustable depth mining system adjustable line spacing, harvest system earth