英语虚拟语气各种用法归纳课件

虚拟语气Subjunctive Mood

基本概念虚拟语气表示说话人的一种愿望、建议、命令、要求，有时是一种非真实的假设、料想或是不可能实现或与事实相反的愿望。

虚拟语气用法归纳一、If引导的非真实条件句（4）二、虚拟语气在其它状语从句中的运用（3）三、虚拟语气在名词性从句中的运用（3）四、虚拟语气在定语从句中的运用（1）五、特殊虚拟语气形式（4）一、虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的运用①主从句时态一致If he had time now，he wouldcould，might go

withyou.要是他现在有时间，他会和你一起去的。与现在事实相反If you had come a few minutes earlier，you would could，might have met the famous

singer.如果你能早来几分钟，你就会见到那个著名歌手。与过去事实相反If it were to snow this evening，they would not go

out.如果今天晚上下雪，他们就不会出去。将来发生的动作的可能性很小②、混合条件句主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间，这时主、从句谓语动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同，这叫做混合条件句。If you had asked him yesterday，you would knowwhat to do

now.如果你昨天问一问他的话，你就知道现在该做什么了。从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反。③、省略if的条件句虚拟条件句的从句部分如果含有were，s hould或had，可将if省略，再把were，should或had移到从句句首，实行倒装。Were they here now，they could help us.＝If they were here now，they could help

us.如果他们现在在这儿的话，他们就会帮助我们了。④、含蓄虚拟条件句含蓄条件句是指句中没有明显的虚拟条件句，而是利用其他手段来暗示存在虚拟条件。但是这类含蓄式虚拟条件句往往都可以转化为if引导的条件句。常用来表示含蓄虚拟条件的手段有：butfor要不是……的话，but

that要不是……，without如果没有……，supposing假设……，provided倘若……，ot herwiseor else要不然等。But for your advice，I would have failed.＝Ifyou hadn’t given me advice，I would have failed.如果不是有你的建议，我会失败的。But that she was afraid，she would have said no.要不是她害怕的话，她就会说“不”了。Without water，there would be no life.如果没有水，就没有生命。Supposing it should

rain，we would still

go.假如下雨的话，我们还是要去。二、虚拟语气在其它状语从句中的运用1由as

if/though引导的状语从句有时也用虚拟语气，表明与现实相反的情况。①用were/di d型虚拟语气表示与现在事实相反。②用had

done型虚拟语气表示与过去事实相反。③用would/could

do型虚拟语气表示与将来事实相反。She sings as if she were a

boy.她唱起歌来像个男孩。She speaks English so fluently as if she hadstudied English in America.她英语讲得很流利，好像在美国学过英语。2in order that，so that，for fear

that，incase，lest等引导的目的状语从句，从句中谓语动词形式为“may，might，ca n，could，would，should＋动词原形”。Bring some money in case you should use

it.带点钱备用。3在even

if/though引导的让步状语从句中，也经常使用虚拟语气来表示主观假设。Even if he were here，I should say the same

thing.即使他在这儿，我也要这么说。三、①虚拟语气在主语从句中的运用1在句型“It is important

necessary，strange，naturalthat...”中，that后面的从句中的谓语动词用：should＋动词原形。It’s necessary that we should have a walk now.我们有必要出去散散步。2It is

/was suggested requested，required，ordered，proposed，etc. that...句型中。It is advised that one should take plenty of boiledwater.有人建议每个人都应多喝开水。It is proposed that the plan should be

delayed.有人建议推迟这项计划。②虚拟语气在宾语从句中的运用1wish后的宾语从句含义动词形式例句 I wish I had a little lab of my own. 针对现状表达愿

过去时形式但愿有一间属于我自己的实验望与事实相反室。对过去发生的事

过去完成时形 I wish you had let me know 情表示遗憾或后式

earlier.你早些让我知道就好了。悔 I wish you wouldn’t smoke any more.

希望你别再抽烟。针对将来表达愿 I wish he could come tomorrow. would/could/

望虽然可能性我希望他明天能来。 might＋动词原极小，但有实现 She sincerely wished that she 形的可能 might do something to comfort

him.她真切希望能做点什么来安

慰他。2用于表示主观判断、建议、命令和要求等动词后的宾语从句中，常用“shou ld＋动词原形”表示虚拟语气，should常省略。常见的动词有：demand，desire，co mmand，order，require，insist，recommend，request，suggest，propose，advise，u rge规劝等。He suggested that we should start off early thenext

day.他建议我们第二天早点动身。3would

rather所引起的从句中要用过去式表示当时或将来的情况，用过去完成时表示过去的情况，表达说话者的希望或婉转的责备。I’d rather you posted the letter right away.我倒希望你把这封信立刻寄出去。I would rather he had done the job last week.我宁愿他在上一周就完成这项工作。③虚拟语气在表语从句和同位语从句中的运用1在suggestion，proposal，order，plan，idea，request，advice等名词后的表语从句和同位语从句中要用虚拟语气。其构成是“should＋动词原形”。My idea is that we should think it over beforeaccepting it.我的想法是在接受前要仔细考虑。We all agreed to his suggestion that we should goto Dalian for

sightseeing.我们都同意他去大连观光的建议。2as

if/though引导的表语从句中的虚拟语气。It looked as if/though she had seen a ghost.看上去她好像见了鬼似的。四、虚拟语气在定语从句中的运用It’s

high，about time

that...句型中的that从句要用虚拟语气形式，即动词要用过去式或should＋动词原形其中should不能省略。此句型意为“现在该……”，用来表示提议。It’s high about time that we went/should go

home.到了我们该回家的时候了。五、特殊虚拟语气形式①What

if...要是……怎么办What if I should fail？万一失败，我怎么办呢？What if weather should rain 如果下雨怎么办？What if they do not come

如果他们不来怎么办？也可不用虚拟语气②If only...要是……就好了If only I had come to the party yesterday.如果昨天我来参加晚会就好了。If only she would listen to me carefully.但愿她能仔细听我讲话。If only he arrives in

time.但愿他能及时到达。也可不用虚拟语气