脉冲飞行时间测量

摘要

脉冲飞行时间测量法是脉冲激光测距的关键技术，它广泛运用于激光测距。脉冲激光测距是通过测量激光脉冲发射信号（主波）和接收信号（回波）之间的时间间隔，就可以得知空间物体的距离。主波和回波被光电探测器接收，再放大整形后，通过门电路，开启和关闭计数器，计数器对基准脉冲计数，计得的脉冲数目就代表所要测的飞行时间。脉冲飞行时间的测量关键在于对回波信号的正确处理，其时间测量技术主要在于：采用时刻鉴别法判定计时点，时间间隔测量法测量主波和回波的时间间隔，模数转换技术提高测量精度、减小计时误差。本文设计的时间测量电路由光电探测电路、放大电路、阈值电路、门电路、LED显示电路、单片机主控制电路构成。各模块电路采用集成芯片，LED动态扫描显示，测时精度为1us。

关键词:单片机；脉冲激光测距；脉冲飞行时间；计数器；LED动态扫描

ABSTRACT

Pulse flight time measurement method was the key technique that the pulse laser measured the distance, which was made use of in laser to measure to be apart from extensively. The pulse laser measuring the distance that passed to measure time interval between transmiting (main wave) and then receiving (reflection) , so the distance of the space object could be known. Both of main wave and reflecting wave were received by the photoelectric detector, then passed an electric circuit after enlarging again orthopedics to open and close to a count-machine , and a count-machine to count to the basis pulse, which was accounted of the pulse number which was the flight time. The key of the flight time measurement was the right processing of the reflecting wave, and its time measurement technique mainly lay in:Adopting time distinguishing judged to time point, time interval measurement measure between main wave and reflecting wave's interval, analog signals and digital signals conversion technique improved measuring accuracy and reduced the error of the measuring time. Time measurement circuit include the the photoelectric detecting circuit,enlarging circuit, the doorsill circuit,Logic circuit,LED circuit,Microcontroller active control circuit.Each mold circuit adopted integration chip, and the LED dynamic scan and manifestation, while measuring accuracy is 1us.

Keyword:Microcontroller;The pulse laser measuring distance;the pulse flight time; the count-machine; the LED dynamic scan

目录

摘要..................................................................................................................................... I ABSTRACT.................................................................................................................................... I I 第一章绪论 (1)

第二章脉冲激光飞行时间测量的技术研究 (3)

2.1 时间间隔测量方法 (3)

2.2 时刻鉴别方法 (4)

2.3 模数转换技术在时间测量中的应用 (6)

第三章测量电路设计方案 (7)

第四章飞行时间测量电路硬件设计 (10)

4.1 光电探测器电路 (10)

4.2 放大电路 (12)

4.3 阈值电路 (13)

4.4 门电路 (14)

4.5 LED显示电路 (15)

4.6 单片机主控制电路 (18)

第五章飞行时间测量电路软件设计 (21)

5.1 主程序流程设计 (21)

5.2 计数模块 (23)

5.3 中断服务程序 (24)

5.4 动态显示 (25)

参考文献 (27)

致谢..................................................................................................... 错误!未定义书签。附录. (28)