巴西乙醇燃料项目【英文】
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The decision to produce ethanol from sugarcane was based on the low cost of sugar at the time, the existing idle capacity for distillery at the sugar plants, and the country’s ample tradition and experience with this feedstock. Brazilian carmakers modified gasoline engines to support hydrous ethanol. The government made it mandatory the blend of ethanol fuel with gasoline. Pure gasoline was no longer sold.
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What is Ethanol Fuel?
Ethanol is an alcohol found in alcoholic beverages. It is most often used as motor fuel mainly as biofuel additive for gasoline. Ethanol, unlike petroleum, is claimed to be a form of renewable energy that can be produced from agricultural crops such as sugar cane, potato, and corn. Ethanol is widely used in Brazil and in the US and together both countries are responsible for 89 percent of the world’s ethanol fuel production in 2009.
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Annual Fuel Ethanol Production Top 10 countries (Millions of U.S. gallons per year)
World Country Rank 1 2 3 United States Brazil European Union 2009 10,750.00 7,264.73 1,069.52 2008 9,000.00 7,053.39 733.60 2007 6,498.60 5,943.87 570.30
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Ethanol Fuel in Brazil
Kevin Ung
CONTENTS
What is Ethanol? Ethanol in Brazil History Prices and Effects Comparison with US Social Implications Food vs. Fuel
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History of Ethanol Fuel in Brazil
Dates back from the 1970’s and relates to Brazil’s sugarcane based ethanol fuel program, which allowed the country to become the world’s 2nd largest producer of ethanol. Sugarcane has been cultivated in Brazil since 1532 and was one of the first commodities exported. Ethanol is obtained as a by-product of sugar mills producing sugar and can be processed to produce alcoholic beverages, ethanol fuel or alcohol for industrial uses. Sugarcane ethanol as fuel in Brazil dates back late 1920’s and early 1930’s with the introduction of the automobile.
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1973 Oil Crisis
Resulted in gasoline shortages and awareness on the dangers of oil dependence
Brazilian government began promoting bioethanol as a fuel. Phase out Gasoline. Blending gasoline with ethanol.
56.80 247.27 20,221.83
79.30
26.40 17,916.48
74.90
26.40 14,036.37
+
Ethanol in Brazi successful bio-fuel programs in the world, involving production of ethanol fuel from sugarcane, considered to have the world’s first sustainable biofuel economy Sugar cane plantations cover 3.6 million hectares of land with productivity of 7,500 liters of ethanol per hectare, compared with U.S. 3,000 liters /watch?v=qarMPRyaNLM
4
5 6 7
China
Thailand Canada India
541.55
435.20 290.59 91.67
501.90
89.80 237.70 66.00
486.00
79.20 211.30 52.80
8
9 10
Colombia
Australia Other World Total
83.21
+
+
What is Ethanol Fuel?
Ethanol is an alcohol found in alcoholic beverages. It is most often used as motor fuel mainly as biofuel additive for gasoline. Ethanol, unlike petroleum, is claimed to be a form of renewable energy that can be produced from agricultural crops such as sugar cane, potato, and corn. Ethanol is widely used in Brazil and in the US and together both countries are responsible for 89 percent of the world’s ethanol fuel production in 2009.
+
Annual Fuel Ethanol Production Top 10 countries (Millions of U.S. gallons per year)
World Country Rank 1 2 3 United States Brazil European Union 2009 10,750.00 7,264.73 1,069.52 2008 9,000.00 7,053.39 733.60 2007 6,498.60 5,943.87 570.30
+
Ethanol Fuel in Brazil
Kevin Ung
CONTENTS
What is Ethanol? Ethanol in Brazil History Prices and Effects Comparison with US Social Implications Food vs. Fuel
+
History of Ethanol Fuel in Brazil
Dates back from the 1970’s and relates to Brazil’s sugarcane based ethanol fuel program, which allowed the country to become the world’s 2nd largest producer of ethanol. Sugarcane has been cultivated in Brazil since 1532 and was one of the first commodities exported. Ethanol is obtained as a by-product of sugar mills producing sugar and can be processed to produce alcoholic beverages, ethanol fuel or alcohol for industrial uses. Sugarcane ethanol as fuel in Brazil dates back late 1920’s and early 1930’s with the introduction of the automobile.
+
1973 Oil Crisis
Resulted in gasoline shortages and awareness on the dangers of oil dependence
Brazilian government began promoting bioethanol as a fuel. Phase out Gasoline. Blending gasoline with ethanol.
56.80 247.27 20,221.83
79.30
26.40 17,916.48
74.90
26.40 14,036.37
+
Ethanol in Brazi successful bio-fuel programs in the world, involving production of ethanol fuel from sugarcane, considered to have the world’s first sustainable biofuel economy Sugar cane plantations cover 3.6 million hectares of land with productivity of 7,500 liters of ethanol per hectare, compared with U.S. 3,000 liters /watch?v=qarMPRyaNLM
4
5 6 7
China
Thailand Canada India
541.55
435.20 290.59 91.67
501.90
89.80 237.70 66.00
486.00
79.20 211.30 52.80
8
9 10
Colombia
Australia Other World Total
83.21