代词和数词

代词和数词

【考点分析】

代词

1.人称代词主格与宾格的用法;

2.名词性和形容词性物主代词的用法;

3.反身代词的用法;

4.指示代词this, that, these, those的用法;

5.表示两者和多者的不定代词的比较;

6.some,any的用法辨析;

7.each, every的用法辨析;

8.(a) little,(a)few,a bit的用法辨析;

9.替代词it, that, (the) one(s), those的用法辨析;

10.another, (the) other(s), else; the rest的用法辨析;

11.every-,some-,any-,no-与thing,-one,-body构成的复合不定代词的用法。

数词

1.基数词的确指和不确指;

2.数词与主谓一致关系;

3.dozen和score的用法;

4.序数词与冠词的连用。

【知识点归纳】

(一)代词

I.代词的分类

人称代词

主格I you he she it we you they

宾格me you him her it us You them

物主代词

形容词性my your his her its our your their

名词性mine yours his hers its ours yours theirs

反身代词myself yourself himself herself itself ourselves yourselves themselves

指示代词

this that such these those such

相互代词

宾格each other one another

所有格each other’s one another’s

★不定代词

可数one each, many, (a) few ,both, another, either., neither

不可数much, (a) little

可数、不可数any other all some

复合不定代词

anyone anybody anything somebody something someone everyone everything everybody nobody nothing

疑问代词

who whom whose which what

连接代词

Who whom whose which what

关系代词

who whom whose which that

II.代词的用法

1.人称代词

①在句中作主语,用主格，在句中作宾语,则用宾格;

She teaches them physics.

②在句中作表语,常用宾格;

Who is it? It’s me.

但有时要用主格：It was I who told him the whole story.

在强调句型中,强调的是主语,故I用主格。

③两个或两个以上的人称代词并列时,其顺序是：

单数按2,3,1人称排列，复数按1,2,3人称顺序排列。

you, she and I ; we, you and they

2.物主代词

①形容词性物主代词只能作宾语

We love our motherland.

②名词性物主代词可用作主语,表语和宾语

Your coat is black while mine is red.

3.反身代词

①用作宾语、表语，或主语、宾语的同位语

He teaches himself Japanese every evening.(宾语)

She is not quite herself today.她今天身体不太舒服。(表语)

I myself can repair the bike.(主语的同位语)

②常用含有反身代词的惯用语归纳

by oneself= alone 独自for oneself独立、为自己

be oneself处于正常状态,显得自然enjoy oneself玩得愉快

seat oneself坐下dress oneself in 给自己穿

devote oneself to专心于、献身于help oneself to 自行取用、不用客气

come to oneself苏醒make oneself at home 不要客气

4.指示代词

①this和that是近指, that和those 是远指

I don’t want this book. I want that one.

②有时为了避免重复,常用that/ those 来代表前面出现过的名词

At this time of year, the weather here is much colder than that in Nanjing.

③this和that都可代表前面提到过的事情,若出现两个名词,指代前面的用that指代较后面的用this;但若指下文将要叙述事情,则只能用this，不能用that。此外，还可用于代替上文中出现过个单数或不可数名词，且后面带有of短语修饰。

Health is above wealth; this cannot give so much happiness as that.

健康胜于财富;财富不会像健康那样带来那么多幸福(句中this=wealth;that=health)

They cant afford it.That/this is their problem.

What I want you to remember is this :English is of great use.(此句中this不能用that替换) The population of Shanghai is larger than that of Suzhou.

④such的用法

such 一般在句中作定语和主语.用作定语时,它所修饰的名词前的不定冠词应放在之后。

Such is my answer.

Such are the results of the exams.

I have never seen such beautiful flowers.

用作定语时,它所修饰的名词前的不定冠词应放在such之后such a good book。