高考英语--完形填空--记叙文解题技巧、及专项练习
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完形填空(记叙文)--解题技巧及典例剖析
1.记叙文型完形填空可分为记事和记人两种形式,记叙时间、地点、人物和事件等,文章长度在300词左右,阅读用时约需18分钟。
2.文章首句一般不设空,以情景意义考查为主,淡化对语法的考查,4个选项词类相同,设空以实词为主,即动词、名词、形容词、副词为主,虚词为辅,即介词、连词,代词为辅,几乎不涉及情态动词与冠词。近几年记叙文文体完形填空的选文突出了叙述上的灵活性、事件的趣味性和教育性,再加上生词量的增大,及复合句的增多,考生在此题上的失分仍然很严重。因此,如在读懂原文的情况下减少失误是目前考生面临的重大问题。
要做好记叙文文体的完形填空,考生可从以下几个方面入手:
1.细读文章首句,推测全文内容
完形填空通常首句是一个完整的句子,它提供的信息是把握全文主旨的关键,是理解全文大意的一扇窗户,所以理解首句信息显得很重要。一般情况下,高考完形填空首句不设空。少数情况下,即使设空,也是在句子末尾,不影响考生对句意的把握。如:
典例1(2015·四川高考)
My previous home had a stand of woods behind it and many animals in the backyard.
That first year, 1 ______ feeding peanuts to the blue jays, then the squirrels. The squirrels had no _____ coming up right to me for them . As the months went by , the rabbits saw that I was no 13 and didn't escape.
【解析】
根据首句,确定出本文讲述的主题:“我”以前家的后面有一片树林,在后院有很多动物;国绕这一主题展开故事。
11.A.avoided B. started C. canceled D. suggested
【解析】:第一年,“我”开始给冠蓝码喂花生吃,然后又喂松鼠。start doing sth.“开始做某事”
12.A.business B. fun C. problem D. privilege
【解析】:松鼠毫无困难(problem),直接上来享用花生。
13.A.help B. cheat C. threat D. exception
【解析】:几个月过去了,兔子见“我”没有威胁,不逃走了。threat"威胁”,符合语境。【答案】:11.B12.C13.C
2.通读全文,理清各个角色
一般来说,记叙文有两个或两个以上的角色,作者对这些角色的态度是不一样的,即便是对做同样一件事的人,作文突出了叙述上的灵者也不一定采用同样的态度来描述。只有把握好每个人物生词量的增大,及复:的特点和内心世界,才能更好地定位文章的中心思想,更准然很严重。因此,如何确地选出答案。
典例2【2015 陕西高考】
I passed the clean comb back to Dad. He smiled at me and _______ placed his comb on his wallet. But this time, I noticed something_______ .Dad had aged. He had wrinkles next to his eyes when he smiled, _______his smile was still as ________ as before, the smile of a father who just wanted a good ________for his family.
41.A.firmly B. hurriedly C. casually D. carefully
【解析】:父亲对“我”笑了笑,小心地(carefully)把梳子放在他的钱包上。firmly“坚决地”,hurriedly“匆忙地”,casually“随便地”,均不符合文意。
42.A.different B. exciting C. interesting D. urgent
【解析】:但是,这一次,“我”注意到一些不同的(different)事情后文中的“Dad had aged. He had wrinkles...”也是暗示。
43 . A . for B. or C. so D. yet
【解析】:根据空处上下文的语境可知,此处表示意思上的转折,故要用yet“然而,但是”。
44.A.convincing B. heartwarming C. cautious D. innocent
【解析】:父亲的微笑仍然像以前一样令人感到幸福快乐(heartwarming)。convincing"令人信服的,有说服力的”;cautious"谨慎的,十分小心的”;innocent"无辜的,无罪的”,均不符合文意。
45.A.origin B. life C. reputation D. education
【解析】:从父亲的笑中,作者体会到父亲是想让自己的家人有好的生活(life)。
【答案】:41.D 42.A 43.D 44.B 45.B
3.理顺事件线索,找准发展方向
记叙文一般按事件发展的顺序来叙述(有时用倒叙),正确把握文章的发展顺序对把握文章的主脉有着重要的意义。因此,在选择答案时要事先理清人物间的关系及各自所做的事情。典例3(2015·湖南高考)
Obediently(顺从地),my class lay their heads on their desks, closed their eyes and42 . When the music started , the room was filled with the most beautiful tones and musical colors I could have ever imagined. All the children were 43. When the music finished, I asked them all to raise their 44 slowly so that we could share our musical journeys.
42.A.slept B. nodded C. waited D. continued
【解析】:学生们趴在课桌上,闭着眼睛,等待(waited)着播放音乐。
43.A.talking B. singing C. dancing D. listening
【解析】:根据前一句的“When the music started”可知,此处指所有学生都在听着音乐。故选D。
44.A.legs B. heads C. arms D. shoulders
【解析】:根据前一句的“When the music started”可知,此处指所有学生都在听着音乐。故选D。
【答案】:42.C 43.D 44.B
4.描摩作者意图,弄清蕴含哲理
记叙文一般通过一件平常事来说明一个人生哲理,或作者的感悟,因此把握好其中的道理,对理解细节有更为准确的作用。注意不要把自己的观点放到文章中去,一切都以作者或主人公的态度和观点为线索展开。
典例4(2015·课标全国卷Ⅱ)
It 37 me that playing against the other team was a great 38 moment for all the girls on the team. I think it is a general principle. 39is the best teacher. The lessons they learned may not be40 what they would have gotten in school, but are certainly more personal and meaningful , because they had to work them out on their own .
37.A.confused B. struck C. reminded D. warned
【解析】:这不由让作者想起和其他队比赛也是一个难得的学习机会。It strikes sb. that...“让某人突然想到……”,为固定句型。
38 . A . touching B. thinking C. encouraging D. learning