科隆大教堂 建筑构造

第十七章纯哥特式的完全解放

Church occupies 8,000 square meters, construction area of about 6,000 square meters, 144.55 meters from east to west, north-south width of 86.25 meters, the size of a football field. It is dominated by the two tallest towers doors, internal to cross the plane of the main buildings. Promenade general church, mostly things to three, with the north-south cross on the altar to cross the intersection Gallery; Cologne Cathedral is a rare five into buildings, high-ceilinged interior space and widen people's attention to the tower toward heaven, portrait sky. Sky symbolizes the desire of people to communicate with God. Cologne since 1864 lottery to raise funds to be completed in 1880, it continues to be heightening widened, and the whole building brick by the polished stones of 160,000 tons of stone like stalagmite-like building made the whole project and spent 40 ten thousand tons of stone. Central Church is two doors and walls and even puzzle together twin spiers, 157.31 meters tall South Tower, North Tower 157.38 meters high, is the second highest minaret in Europe (after Ulm Cathedral), church exterior In addition to two towers, there are 11,000 small steeple contrast. Twin spiers like two sharp sword into the sky.

The design of Cologne Cathedral was based quite closely on that of Amiens Cathedral in terms of ground plan, style and the width to height proportion of the central nave. The plan is in the shape of a Latin Cross, as is usual with Gothic cathedrals. It has two aisles on either side, which help to support one of the very highest Gothic vaults in the world, being nearly as tall as that of the Beauvais Cathedral, much of which collapsed. Externally the outward thrust of the vault is taken up by flying buttresses in the French manner. The eastern end has a single ambulatory, the second aisle resolving into a chevet of seven radiating chapels.

The choir retains a great many of its original fittings, including the carved stalls, which is made the more surprising by the fact that French Revolutionary troops had desecrated the building. A large stone statue of St Christopher looks down towards the place where the earlier entrance to the cathedral was, before its completion in the late 19th century.

The nave has many 19th century stained glass windows. A set of five on the south side is called the Bayernfenster, and were a gift from Ludwig I of Bavaria, and strongly represent the painterly German style of that date.

Externally, particularly from a distance, the building is dominated by its huge spires, which are entirely Germanic in character, being openwork like those of Ulm, Vienna and Regensburg Cathedrals.

第十七章纯哥特式的完全解放

教堂占地8000平方米，建筑面积约6000平方米，东西长144.55米，南北宽86.25米，面积相当于一个足球场。它是由两座最高塔为主门、内部以十字形平面为主体的建筑群。一般教堂的长廊，多为东西向三进，与南北向的横廊交会于圣坛成十字架；科隆大教堂为罕见的五进建筑，内部空间挑高又加宽，高塔将人的视线引向上天，直向天空。苍穹象征人与上帝沟通的渴望。自1864年科隆发行彩票筹集资金至1880年落成，它不断被加高加宽，而且建筑物全由磨光石块砌成，共16万吨石头如同石笋般建筑而成，整个工程共用去40万吨石材。教堂中央是两座与门墙连砌在一起的双尖塔，南塔高157.31米，北塔高157.38米，是全欧洲第二高的尖塔（仅次于乌尔姆大教堂），教堂外型除两座高塔外，还有1.1万座小尖塔烘