chapter 9 英语句子中主语的翻译
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2. His criminal record disqualified him from being admitted to college.
2. An early start will get you there at noon.
3. My capacity for hard work saved me from dismissal.
3) The installation should be commenced as soon as all the remaining problems have been cleared up.
4) Mechanical energy can be changed into electrical energy by means of a generator.
第九章 英语句子中主语的翻译
Discussion: What is the difference between subjects in
English and Chinese sentences?
Translate the following sentences into English, then compare your translation with the reference answer.
4. [正] Nobody can come in without permission.
注：“任何......都不”是汉语中常用字的否定句式，而 在英语中，any 构成的合成词及其所修饰的词语作主 语时，谓语动词是不能用否定形式的。因此，any ... not 的用法不符合英语的表达习惯，须用“否定形式 的主语+肯定形式的谓语”替换。但是，any 构成的 合成词及其所修饰的词语作主语时，如果带有后置定 语，那么其谓语也可以用否定形式。如：Anyone who does that isn‘t honest（干那种事的人都是不诚 实的）。
汉语则是主题突出的语言，在以人为本的汉 语中则很少使用无生命的名词充当主语（人称主 语）
英汉两种用语言互译时，则常需要转换主语。 在英译汉时，为了使译文符合汉语习惯，宜将英 语的物称主语变成汉语的人称主语，或转译成汉 语句子的其他成分，如状语、谓语、宾语等。
Try to translate the following sentences into Chinese.
To meeting these challenges most effectively ,China and the United States must act in concert. Some argue that with the Cold War's end ,the strategic importance of the USChina relationship has diminished. I believe they have it exactly backwards. As a new century begin, the importance of strengthening the ties between the Unite States and China will grow even greater.
1) A rope has been stretched across the lane.
2) China's presence is felt, more than ever, all over the world ,assuming historic dimensions in the world political situation.
4. Attitudes towards retirement vary from people to people.
5. The very sight of river remind me of my hometown.
Tips on writing
我们从生活中学到—— 可以表述为“生活告 诉我们——”
1. 越来越少的人使用BP机。 2. 青少年常常沉迷于网络。 3. 孤寡老人怕过节。 4. 青少年厌恶考试。
1. BP calls are fading away from our horizon. 2. Internet is Pandora’s Box for youth. 3. Spending festivals alone is a nightmare
for the aged without any company. 4. Exams play the role of youth “killer”.
英汉语主语的差异
英语是主语突出的语言，它常用无生命的
不主动发出动作的名词作主语。或叫物称主语， sentence with inanimate subjects 也叫无灵主语。
the champion.
1. [正] Here comes the car. After you.
注：第一句译文虽然把“请”翻译出来了，但还是带有 命令的口吻。地道的说法应该是 After you。另外，不 少人以为汉语的“请”等同于英语的 please，其实并 非如此。例如，在餐桌上请人吃菜或喝酒就不用 please，地道的说法是 Help yourself。
1) 狭小的小巷中间横拉着一条绳子。 2) 在世界各地，今天比任何时候都更加感觉到中
国的存在，它在世界政治形势中占有历史性的 重要地位。
3) 待剩下的问题都解决之后就应该立即开始安装。 4) 利用发电机可以把机械能转化为电能。
6) Spectacular economic results ultimately won impressive worker and staff support for the reformer.
2. [正] I don't want to hear his hollow words.
注：虽然 empty 和 hollow 都有“空洞的”之意，但表 达“空话”时，英语习惯用 hollow words 或 empty talk。
3. [正] He is our deadly enemy.
注：dead 作形容词时表示“死的，无感觉的”，而 deadly 才表示“致命的，不共戴天的”。
Life has told us that-----个漂亮的无灵主语的应用
这就是一
海外华人时刻关注祖国。 可以表述为“祖国 时刻牵动着海外华人的心”
Motherland, always, is drawing the heart of overseas Chinese.
Exercise
The shape of the world is changing almost as dramatically as this city 's skyline. Today the cold war is over .The risk of the global nuclear conflict has been greatly reduced and the free flow of goods and ideas is bringing to life the concept of a global village. But just as all nation can benefit from the promise of the new world ,no nation is immune to its perils. We all have a stake in building peace and prosperity ;and in confronting threats that respects no borders ---terrorism and drug trafficking ,disease and environmental destruction.
to you.
6) 惊人的经济成果最终赢得了职工对改革家的热情 支持。
7)人们对那次历史性的盛会记忆犹新。
8) 香港与世界上其他大多数地区不同之处在于其变 化的速度。
9)人们可以随处看到市区的改善，以及四处 林立的高楼大厦。
Translate the following sentences into Chinese 1) The sight of the orphan always reminds
friendly relation . 5) Pressure of work had delayed my answer.
1) 我看到这孤儿就会想起他的双亲。 2) 爬山的时间太长了，我快累死了。 3) 她因病在医院里住了四个星期。 4)我们的友好关系因吵架而破裂。 5)由于工作忙，我未能及时作复。
6)我因交通事故而迟到。
7)由于城区缺乏合适的土地，大部分公共房屋必 须在郊区兴建。
8)为了使语言简洁，首先，文章与其使用书面体， 不如使用口语体；应当使用短句而不用长的复 合句。
Translate the following sentences into English 1. 他有犯罪史，不能上大学。 2. 早点出发就能在中午到达。 3. 我能吃苦，所以没有被解雇。 4. 不同的人对退休持不同的态度。 5. 一看到那条河，我就想起了我的家乡。
6) A road accident caused my being late.
7) Shortage of suitable land in the urban area has made it necessary to build most new public housing in the suburbs.
参考译文
世界的面貌正在发生引人注目的变化，其 变化之快几乎就像这座城市的空中轮廓。今天， 冷战已经结束，全球核冲突的危险性已大大减 小，商品和思想的自由交流正在使地球村的概 念越来越真切。但是，正如世界各国都会受益 于这个新世界的美好前景一样，没有一个国家 能够幸免于世界灾害的影响。缔造和平与繁荣， 抵御不分国界的诸多威胁---恐怖主义，贩毒， 疾病和环境破坏，这些与我们大家都有着利害 关系。
8）Simplicity of language demand, in the first place, that the texts should be colloquial rather than literary; that they should be written in short sentences, not in long and complicated clause.
5. [正] The challengers lost the game by nil to four to
the champion.
注：zero 和 nil 虽然都可以表示“零”，但 zero 多用于 电话号码或邮政编码，而 nil 则特指比赛的比分。同 样，0比0就应该翻译成 nil to nil。
Appetizer
1. 车来了。您先请。 [误] Here comes the car. You go first, please. 2. 我不想听他那些空话。 [误] I don't want to hear his empty words. 3.他是我们的死敌。 [误] He is our dead enemy. 4. 未经允许，任何人不得入内。 [误] Anybody can not come in without permission. 5. 挑战者以0比4的比分输了与冠军队的那场比赛。 [误] The challengers lost the game by zero to four to
7) Memories of that historic and happy occasion still linger.
8) The pace of the change distinguishes Hong Kong from most other parts of the world .
9) The improvements of the urban areas, the dramatic change in our skyline will be highly visible
me of his parents. 2) The long climb almost finished me . 3) Her illness kept her in hospital for four
weeks. 4) The quarrel led to our breaking off our
2. His criminal record disqualified him from being admitted to college.
2. An early start will get you there at noon.
3. My capacity for hard work saved me from dismissal.
3) The installation should be commenced as soon as all the remaining problems have been cleared up.
4) Mechanical energy can be changed into electrical energy by means of a generator.
第九章 英语句子中主语的翻译
Discussion: What is the difference between subjects in
English and Chinese sentences?
Translate the following sentences into English, then compare your translation with the reference answer.
4. [正] Nobody can come in without permission.
注：“任何......都不”是汉语中常用字的否定句式，而 在英语中，any 构成的合成词及其所修饰的词语作主 语时，谓语动词是不能用否定形式的。因此，any ... not 的用法不符合英语的表达习惯，须用“否定形式 的主语+肯定形式的谓语”替换。但是，any 构成的 合成词及其所修饰的词语作主语时，如果带有后置定 语，那么其谓语也可以用否定形式。如：Anyone who does that isn‘t honest（干那种事的人都是不诚 实的）。
汉语则是主题突出的语言，在以人为本的汉 语中则很少使用无生命的名词充当主语（人称主 语）
英汉两种用语言互译时，则常需要转换主语。 在英译汉时，为了使译文符合汉语习惯，宜将英 语的物称主语变成汉语的人称主语，或转译成汉 语句子的其他成分，如状语、谓语、宾语等。
Try to translate the following sentences into Chinese.
To meeting these challenges most effectively ,China and the United States must act in concert. Some argue that with the Cold War's end ,the strategic importance of the USChina relationship has diminished. I believe they have it exactly backwards. As a new century begin, the importance of strengthening the ties between the Unite States and China will grow even greater.
1) A rope has been stretched across the lane.
2) China's presence is felt, more than ever, all over the world ,assuming historic dimensions in the world political situation.
4. Attitudes towards retirement vary from people to people.
5. The very sight of river remind me of my hometown.
Tips on writing
我们从生活中学到—— 可以表述为“生活告 诉我们——”
1. 越来越少的人使用BP机。 2. 青少年常常沉迷于网络。 3. 孤寡老人怕过节。 4. 青少年厌恶考试。
1. BP calls are fading away from our horizon. 2. Internet is Pandora’s Box for youth. 3. Spending festivals alone is a nightmare
for the aged without any company. 4. Exams play the role of youth “killer”.
英汉语主语的差异
英语是主语突出的语言，它常用无生命的
不主动发出动作的名词作主语。或叫物称主语， sentence with inanimate subjects 也叫无灵主语。
the champion.
1. [正] Here comes the car. After you.
注：第一句译文虽然把“请”翻译出来了，但还是带有 命令的口吻。地道的说法应该是 After you。另外，不 少人以为汉语的“请”等同于英语的 please，其实并 非如此。例如，在餐桌上请人吃菜或喝酒就不用 please，地道的说法是 Help yourself。
1) 狭小的小巷中间横拉着一条绳子。 2) 在世界各地，今天比任何时候都更加感觉到中
国的存在，它在世界政治形势中占有历史性的 重要地位。
3) 待剩下的问题都解决之后就应该立即开始安装。 4) 利用发电机可以把机械能转化为电能。
6) Spectacular economic results ultimately won impressive worker and staff support for the reformer.
2. [正] I don't want to hear his hollow words.
注：虽然 empty 和 hollow 都有“空洞的”之意，但表 达“空话”时，英语习惯用 hollow words 或 empty talk。
3. [正] He is our deadly enemy.
注：dead 作形容词时表示“死的，无感觉的”，而 deadly 才表示“致命的，不共戴天的”。
Life has told us that-----个漂亮的无灵主语的应用
这就是一
海外华人时刻关注祖国。 可以表述为“祖国 时刻牵动着海外华人的心”
Motherland, always, is drawing the heart of overseas Chinese.
Exercise
The shape of the world is changing almost as dramatically as this city 's skyline. Today the cold war is over .The risk of the global nuclear conflict has been greatly reduced and the free flow of goods and ideas is bringing to life the concept of a global village. But just as all nation can benefit from the promise of the new world ,no nation is immune to its perils. We all have a stake in building peace and prosperity ;and in confronting threats that respects no borders ---terrorism and drug trafficking ,disease and environmental destruction.
to you.
6) 惊人的经济成果最终赢得了职工对改革家的热情 支持。
7)人们对那次历史性的盛会记忆犹新。
8) 香港与世界上其他大多数地区不同之处在于其变 化的速度。
9)人们可以随处看到市区的改善，以及四处 林立的高楼大厦。
Translate the following sentences into Chinese 1) The sight of the orphan always reminds
friendly relation . 5) Pressure of work had delayed my answer.
1) 我看到这孤儿就会想起他的双亲。 2) 爬山的时间太长了，我快累死了。 3) 她因病在医院里住了四个星期。 4)我们的友好关系因吵架而破裂。 5)由于工作忙，我未能及时作复。
6)我因交通事故而迟到。
7)由于城区缺乏合适的土地，大部分公共房屋必 须在郊区兴建。
8)为了使语言简洁，首先，文章与其使用书面体， 不如使用口语体；应当使用短句而不用长的复 合句。
Translate the following sentences into English 1. 他有犯罪史，不能上大学。 2. 早点出发就能在中午到达。 3. 我能吃苦，所以没有被解雇。 4. 不同的人对退休持不同的态度。 5. 一看到那条河，我就想起了我的家乡。
6) A road accident caused my being late.
7) Shortage of suitable land in the urban area has made it necessary to build most new public housing in the suburbs.
参考译文
世界的面貌正在发生引人注目的变化，其 变化之快几乎就像这座城市的空中轮廓。今天， 冷战已经结束，全球核冲突的危险性已大大减 小，商品和思想的自由交流正在使地球村的概 念越来越真切。但是，正如世界各国都会受益 于这个新世界的美好前景一样，没有一个国家 能够幸免于世界灾害的影响。缔造和平与繁荣， 抵御不分国界的诸多威胁---恐怖主义，贩毒， 疾病和环境破坏，这些与我们大家都有着利害 关系。
8）Simplicity of language demand, in the first place, that the texts should be colloquial rather than literary; that they should be written in short sentences, not in long and complicated clause.
5. [正] The challengers lost the game by nil to four to
the champion.
注：zero 和 nil 虽然都可以表示“零”，但 zero 多用于 电话号码或邮政编码，而 nil 则特指比赛的比分。同 样，0比0就应该翻译成 nil to nil。
Appetizer
1. 车来了。您先请。 [误] Here comes the car. You go first, please. 2. 我不想听他那些空话。 [误] I don't want to hear his empty words. 3.他是我们的死敌。 [误] He is our dead enemy. 4. 未经允许，任何人不得入内。 [误] Anybody can not come in without permission. 5. 挑战者以0比4的比分输了与冠军队的那场比赛。 [误] The challengers lost the game by zero to four to
7) Memories of that historic and happy occasion still linger.
8) The pace of the change distinguishes Hong Kong from most other parts of the world .
9) The improvements of the urban areas, the dramatic change in our skyline will be highly visible
me of his parents. 2) The long climb almost finished me . 3) Her illness kept her in hospital for four
weeks. 4) The quarrel led to our breaking off our