蔬菜中重金属含量测量

蔬菜中重金属含量分析

摘要

本文分析了中国蔬菜重金属污染现状并介绍了铅、镉的危害。实验探究以常见蔬菜为样品，运用火焰原子吸收光谱法对其铅、镉含量进行了测定。加标回收率为93.9%~98.6%。通过实验数据对比分析，得出以下结论：

1. 白萝卜不同部位其铅、镉含量不同。露土部分的铅、镉含量分别为0.24mg/kg、0.12mg/kg，地下部分的铅、镉含量分别为0.22mg/kg、0.17mg/kg。露地部分的铅含量比地下部分高，但其镉含量比地下部分低。且白萝卜样品中铅的含量高于镉的含量，铅尚未达到污染程度，而镉已远超国标范围。

2. 不同等级的青菜、菠菜、鸡毛菜其铅、镉含量不同。普通等级的铅含量（2.18mg/kg、1.56mg/kg、0.605mg/kg）都高于精品类（1.62mg/kg、0.635mg/kg、0.276mg/kg）；普通等级的镉含量（0.0780mg/kg、0.118mg/kg、0.0386mg/kg）也都高于精品类（0.0382mg/kg、0.0446mg/kg、0.0220mg/kg）。且普通蔬菜的铅含量均已超标，精品类只有鸡毛菜的铅含量未超标。而镉含量的测定结果相对要乐观些，只有普通等级的青菜与菠菜的镉含量超标，其他都正常。

3. 不同产地土豆的铅、镉含量存在差异。铅含量由高到低的顺序为：上海（1.14mg/kg）>苏州（0.682mg/kg）>南通（0.621mg/kg）；镉含量由高到低的顺序为：南通（1.00mg/kg）>苏州（0.220mg/kg）>上海（0.101mg/kg）。三种产地的土豆的铅、镉含量均已超标。

关键词：火焰原子吸收光谱法；铅；镉；蔬菜

Analysis of heavy metals in vegetables

ABSTRACT

The present situation of heavy metal pollution in Chinese vegetables and the harms of lead and cadmium were introduced. Flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry was used to determine contents of lead and cadmium in seasonal vegetables. The addition standard recoveries are 93.9%~98.6%. Conclusions

have been drawn as follows:

1. The contents of lead and cadmium in the soil-exposing part are 0.24mg/kg and 0.12mg/kg respectively; the contents in the underground part are 0.22mg/kg and 0.17mg/kg respectively. The former is higher than the latter. And the contents of lead are larger than those of cadmium. The levels of lead in ternip samples have not reached the degree of pollution, but the levels of cadmium have been far beyond the GB standards.

2. The contents of lead in pakchoi, spinach and Chinese little greens are 2.18mg/kg, 1.56mg/kg and 0.605mg/kg for common level, 1.62mg/kg, 0.635mg/kg and 0.276mg/kg for fine level, respectively. The cadmium contents are 0.0780mg/kg, 0.118mg/kg and 0.0386mg/kg for common level, 0.0382mg/kg, 0.0446mg/kg and 0.0220mg/kg for fine level, respectively. The data show that the contents of Pb and Cd in common vegetables are higher than those in fine vegetables. And the amounts of lead in three common vegetable samples are beyond GB standard. Only the amount of lead in fine Chinese little greens is below GB standard. And only the ordinary pakchoi and spinach have cadmium levels beyond GB standard, while others are normal.

3. As for potatoes of different origins, the order of lead contents is: Shanghai (1.14mg/kg) > Suzhou (0.682mg/kg) >Nantong (0.621mg/kg); the order of cadmium contents is: Nantong (1.00mg/kg) > Shanghai (0.101mg/kg) > Suzhou (0.220mg/kg). The lead and cadmium content for potato from three origin were overweight.

Key words: Flame atomic absorption spectrometry；lead；cadmium; vegetables