如何提高小学生数学计算能力

如何提高小学生数学计算能力

在小学中低年级教学中，计算占相当大的比例，学生最容易出错的也是计算，特别是随着计算机时代的到来，计算能力往往被很多人所忽视。我觉得计算能力是每个人必备的一项基本功，培养学生的计算能力也是小学生数学教学中的一项重要任务，是学生学好数学的重要基础。学会计算，终身受用，生活中处处离不开计算，计算是小学数学教学的重中之重。

In teaching in the elementary school lower grade calculation, accounts for a considerable proportion of students the most error-prone and computing, especially with the advent of the era of computer, computing capacity is often ignored by many people. I think computing capability is a basic skills essential to everyone, to cultivate the students' calculation ability is an important task in the primary school mathematics teaching, is the important foundation of students to learn mathematics. Society, life, life is inseparable from the calculation, the calculation is the key of the elementary school mathematics teaching.

一、把好口算关

著名数学家裘宗沪指出：如果你想学好数学，首先要会算，而且要算得好，心算是一种思维能力。心算好，脑子里能盘算的问题就多，随时随地都能想问题。

Famous mathematician QiuZong hu pointed out that: if you want to learn math well, first of all to calculate, and to calculate well, mental arithmetic is a kind of thinking ability. Good mental arithmetic, the brain can only problem is, anytime, anywhere can want to question.

1、培养学生的“数感”。

数感，它同音乐的“乐感”、美术的“美感”一样，学数学就得有“数感”。在教学中，让学生用数学的眼光去观察、认识周围的事物，用数学的概念与语言去反映和描述社会生产和生活中的问题，结合生活中的具体事例去教学数学知识，让学生感受到数学就在身边，生活中处处有数学，从而以积极的心态投入学习，体验“数感”。

Number sense, it with the music of the \"music\" and \"beauty\" of art, maths has \"number sense\". In the teaching, lets the student to observe, from the view of mathematics understanding things around, using mathematical concepts and language to reflect and describe the problem of social production and life, combined with the concrete facts of life to teaching mathematics knowledge, let students experience mathematics on the side, everywhere in the life mathematics, with positive attitude in learning, experience the \"number sense\".

2、强化口算。

口算是笔算、估算、简算的基础，无论整数、小数的加减法，还是乘除法，以及四则混合运算，都离不开口算。如：360÷18=360÷9÷2=40÷2=20，在这个简算的过程中，运用了三项口算。又如：计算5764+3821的和，要用到4项加法口算，任何一个环节发生错误，都可导致全盘出错。因此，要提高小学生的计算能力，就必须从强化口算能力抓起，把口算训练当作一项常规工作来抓。我的具体做法是：

Oral is the basis of manual computation and estimation, Jane is, in any integer, decimal

addition and subtraction, or, method, and the four mixed operation, cannot leave the oral. Such as: 360 present 18 = 360 present nine members present 2 = 40 members present 2 = 20, in the process of the abridged, using three oral arithmetic. Again such as calculation of 5764 + 3821, and, need four addition oral, any a link error, can lead to errors. Therefore, to improve the elementary student's computing power, it must grab from strengthening oral ability, oral training as a routine work. My particular way is:

（1）每天利用3-5分钟时间训练口算。在教学中，我每天在课堂上利用3-5分钟时间进行口算训练，或视算或听算，或在作业中抄一、两道脱式计算题，每天批阅并及时反馈，逐步提高学生的计算能力。

(1) using 3-5 minutes daily oral training. In the teaching, I every day in the classroom use of 3-5 minutes oral training, or ShiSuan or listen to calculate, or, in the case of a homework to copy one or two off type calculation problem, marking and feedback in time every day, gradually improve the students' ability of calculation.

（2）记忆一些常用数据和巧算方法。像20以内的加减法、表内乘法、1-20的平方数等，都要求学生熟记，达到脱口而出的程度。同时，经常教学生一些巧算的方法，也可使其计算速度大大提高。如：一个数与“11”相乘，“两边一拉，中间一加，满十向前一位进一”；一个数与5、25、125相乘，都可以运用巧算方法：

(2) memory and some commonly used data coincidence counting method. As addition and subtraction, multiplication table within 20, 1-20 square number, etc., require students to memorize and to the point of blurt out. At the same time, often teach students some clever calculate way, also can make its calculation speed is greatly increased. Such as: is multiplied by a number from \"11\", \"on both sides of a pull, a middle, ten a into a\" forward; With a number is multiplied by 5, 25, 125, can use opportunely calculate method:

24×5=24÷2×10

24 * 24 present 2 * 5 = 10

324×25=324÷4×100

25 = 324 present 4 x 324 x 324

409×125=408×125+125=408÷8×1000+125

409 * 125 = 408 * 125 + 125 = 408 present 8 x 1000 + 125

还有一些除法试商法：差数试商法、同头无除商八九法（当被除数和除数最高位上的数字相同时，俗称“同头”，被除数的前几位比除数小，且除数与被除数次高位上的数的差不超过最高位时，可直接用八与九试商）、中数试商法、折半试商法等等，这些都是学生快算所必须掌握的基本方法。