铅锡合金金属相图

MT4 Phase Diagram of Pb-Sn Alloys

Name：SHI Tai Student Number:52888227

1.Purposes：1. Define component, phase, diagram phase, and cooling curve.

2. Describe the phase change taking place at different point on a cooling curve.

3. Construct a diagram from cooling curves.

2.Instruments and specimens：Crucibles

Thermoelectric couple

Heating-furnace

Multi-channel graph recorder

Stirrer bar

Specimens：

3.Introduction:

A phase diagram is a plot of the equilibrium state of a system. A eutectic system can occur when terminal solid solutions exist on both end of the binary equilibrium phase diagram. In the Pb-Sn alloys system, there are two solid solutions-α and β. T he α phase indicates a solid solution of tin in lead, whereas β presents in the opposite way. The eutectic invariant point appears at 61.9 wt% Sn. The maximum solid-state solubility both occur at 183℃which is referred to as the eutectic

temperature. At this temperature, there exists a point on the phase diagram (a single combination of composition and temperature) where three phases (the two solids and a solid) can exist simultaneously in equilibrium. This combination of temperature and composition is an invariant point on the binary diagram like the freezing point of water on the single component system the eutectic reaction where upon cooling L→α+β represents the isothermal transformation of liquid into two different solids. Depending upon the overall bulk composition of the system, a variety of different equilibrium microstructures are possible. However, as mentioned above, equilibrium requires sufficient time for the system to find the minimum in free energy. In real systems, this is not always possible and non-equilibrium microstructures are common. When this same type of reaction occurs in the solid state where one solid decomposes into two new solid phases isothermally, this is called a eutectoid reaction. γ→α+β.

These relationships are determined by these principles of the thermodynamics and have practical applications in many fields of science and engineering.

4.Procedure:

1.Setting up the apparatus.

2.Switch on the bottoms to heat coil until the temperature up to around 400℃.

3.Switch on Multi-channel graph recorder and set the chart speed.

4.Control the cooling rate under 5℃ per minute.

5.Turn off the bottoms when the temperatures of the specimens fall down to 100℃.

0 1000 2000

3000 4000

50 100 150 200 250

300

350

400 450

0 1 2 3 4 5

Amplified Cooling Curves of Pb-Sn Alloys

Time(s)

5. Results and Discussions

Figure 1

Figure 2

Temperature(℃)