初高中英语衔接-句子成分

句子成分
句子是由不同种类的单词按照一定的语法规则组合在一起，能表达一个完整意思的语言单位所构成。

组成句子的各个成分即是句子成分。

句子成分主要有八种，分别是主语、谓语、表语、宾语、(宾语和主语)补足语、定语、状语及同位语。

其中主语和谓语是句子的主要成分，其他成分，如表语和宾语等是句子的次要成分。

一、主语
用来说明句子所说的是“什么人”或是“什么事物”，一般由名词、代词或相当于名词的词或短语充当。

二、谓语
说明主语“做什么”、“是什么”或者“怎么样”，谓语用动词。

谓语和主语在“人称”和“数”两个方面必须一致。

三、表语
表语表示主语的性质、特征、身份等。

表语要放在系动词之后与系动词一起作复合谓语。

四、宾语
宾语表示动作的对象，是动作的承受者
五、定语
定语用来修饰名词或代词
六、状语
状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，通常表示行为发生的地点、时间、方式、程度等。

七、宾语补足语
宾语补足语用来补充说明宾语的情况
练习
（一）.指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分：•1. The students got on the school bus.
•2. He handed me the newspaper.
•3. I shall answer your question after class. •4. What a beautiful Chinese painting!
•5. They went hunting together early in the morning. •6. His job is to train swimmers.
•7. He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing. •8. There is going to be an American film tonight. •9. He is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow. •10. His wish is to become a scientist.
•11. He managed to finish the work in time.
•12. Tom came to ask me for advice.
•13. He found it important to master English.
•14. Do you have anything else to say?
•15. To be honest，your pronunciation is not so good.
•16. Would you please tell me your address?
•17. He sat there, reading a newspaper.
•18. It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy.
•19. He noticed a man enter the room.
•20. The apples tasted sweet.
指出下列诸句中画线部分是什么成分：
1.On the left of my house is an old church.
2. Why could the boiling point of water be lower at the top of a mountain?
3. I am not going to work today.
4. This thing is for peeling potatoes.
5.What time will you arrive?
6.The Genie promised that if anyone should come and set him free, he would make him very rich.
7. What nationality are you?
8. I couldn’t understand why he had decided to retire at 50.
9. I am terribly confused by all this information.
10. We had already reached 9000 feet by then.
11. She reminded me to switch off all the lights.
12. I’ll be able to pass my driving test after I have had a few lessons.
13. I love swimming. It keeps me fit.
14. It is obvious that money doesn’t grow on trees.
(二)。

划分句子成分
1.we are working .
2.I can swim very well .
3.The waiter brought a bottle of beer to me .
4.Why does the wind blow .
5.The rain has been pulling down for a whole day .
6.Both Tom and Jack enjoy country music .
7.Jim asked you to give his best wishes to everyone .
8.You must get the car ready by tomorrow .
9.I have a lot of clothes to wash .
I have a lot of clothes to be washed .
10.He gave his son some advice on reading .
11.Read me the first paragraph .
12.I’ve ordered some soup for you .
13.He began leaning English ten years ago .
14.My being late worried my teacher .
15.That president himself would visit our school excited all of us .
16.April’ Day is the special day of the year when you play a joke on someone .
17.He usually takes a nap after lunch ,as is his habit .
18.I found the book in the corner of the room.
19.he finished lunch and went into the garden .
20.The telephone rang .
21.We study hard .
22.His father might have died .
23.Will you leave the door open when going out .
24.Can you make the dog stand still ?
25.The landlord had them working day and night .
26.I think a sound knowledge of grammar is important to good writing .
27.We all breathe ,eat, drink .
28.I woke up at 6:00 in the morning .
29.The book weighs five kilos .
30.They will be flying to London .
31.The shop assistant found some certain materials for me .
32.He promised me a new English-Chinese dictionary.
33.Please pass a newly- published to me .
34.He lived in Guang Zhou .
35.The father is showing the boy how to plant trees .
36.His uncle left him some money .
37.She is teaching the piano to several of the village children and she has taught us English for 3 years .
38.I like popular music .
39.She knows what to do next .
40.It excited all of us that the president would visit our school .。