英语国家概况复习 (1)

一、题型

英国、美国、爱尔兰、澳大利亚、新西兰Objective 25% ,subjective 75%

1.Blank filling exercises to go with each unit in the book.( with the exception of P16-17, P50, P55, 25分)

2.Terms for explanation. （名词解释，25分，6*4分+1）

3.Answer the questions briefly. （简答题，20分，5*4分）

4.Elaborate the questions. （阐述题，要有论证，不少于100词，30分，3*10分）

二、范围

1.填空题答案：

英国第二章：parliamentary democracy; the House of Commons, the House of Lords; the House of Commons; the Queen; executive; constitution; European Union (EU)；military equipment; The Lord Chancellor; proven guilty

英国第三章：banking, insurance; service; manufacturing; North Sea; Margaret Thatcher; military; 1970s; London; service; electronics

英国第四章：owner occupation, semi-detached, Detached houses, Class, Christmas, Boxing Day, Easter egg, The Guardian, 1400, The Broadcasting Act

英国第五章：1）reading writing Arithmetic 2）A-level 3）flexibility 4）Oxbridge 5)glorious wit 6) church 7)math physics computer science economics 8)12th 13th centuries 9) forty 10) tutorial

美国第三章：1) fifth 2) Northeast 3) one third 4) stock exchange 5) Greyhound Lines 6) Federal Reserve 7) High-tech 8) Retail 9) open 10) unemployment

美国第四章：1) melting pot, salad bowl 2) cultural group 3) baseball

4) religious beliefs and practices 5) Ernest Hemingway 6) Telecommunications

7) coffee 8) American football 9) home school 10) Thanksgiving Day

美国第五章：1) Northeast, Southeast 2) Harvard 3) private 4) master’s

5) colleges, curriculum 6) eastern Atlantic 7) California 8) Stanford

9) Community college 10) Yale

澳大利亚第一章：(1) ―the Oldest Continent‖ ―the Last of Lands‖―the Last Frontier.‖

(2) Aboriginals (3) convicts (4) Gold Rush (5) Canberra (6) license

(7) the Age of Exploration (8) Great Depression

(9) Melbourne Agreement 10) The Australia Act

澳大利亚第二章：wool mineral exploitation foreign investment farming immigration political movement economy deregulation small domestic market service industry

cattle

澳大利亚第三章：1) diversity 2) 25.6% 3) shared values 4) favorable climate 5) Greg Norman 6) Melbourne 7) suburban character 8) The Australian Ballet 9) Georgian 10) independent

澳大利亚第四章：1) low living costs 2) Sydney 3) British 4) financial stringency

5) The Australian Universities Commission Act 1959 6) the Commonwealth government

7) The Dawkins Revolution 8) males 9) The Australian Government

10) The University of Melbourne

新西兰第一章：1) island 2) Mount Cook 3) reverse 4）30 5）Wellington 6）Maori 7）James Cook 8）Treaty of Waitangi 9）

founding document 10）a Commonwealth realm

新西兰第二章：1) international trade 2) primary products 3) United Kingdom 4）export earner 5）oil 6）the North and South islands 7）Railways 8）Australia 9）competitive 10）a quarter

新西兰第三章：1) Queen Elizabeth II 2) separation of powers 3) Cabinet

4）Labor Party 5）work-based 6）Government 7）fully funded

8）Christianity 9）traditional performance art 10）drastically reduced 新西兰第四章：1) a world-class educational system in a lifelong learning society 2) all post-school education and training 3) The University of Otago 4）The University of Auckland 5) The Student Loan Scheme 6) a competitive examination 7) technical 8）train teachers 9）Maori teaching and research institutions 10) Australia

爱尔兰：

1)Ireland is an island, the third-largest in Europe and the twentieth-largest on Earth.

2)"Ireland and Britain" is often used as a neutral term for the islands of British Isles in order to

avoid controversy.

3)The River Shannon,the island's longest river at 386 km (240 mi) long, rises in County

Cavan in the northwest and flows 113 kilometres (70 mi) to Limerick city in the mid west.

4)Precipitation falls throughout the year but is light overall, particularly in the east.

5)The Irish people are an ethnic group who originate in Ireland, an island in northwestern

Europe.(Page 5)

6)The scientist Robert Boyle is considered the " father of chemistry".

7)Traditionally, Ireland is subdivided into four provinces: Connacht(west), Leinster(east),

Munster(south), and Ulster(north).

8)That the population of Ireland collapsed dramatically during the second half of the 19th

century resulted mainly from the dire economic state of the country, which led to an entrenched culture of emigration lasting until the 21st century. (Page 7)

9)Ireland is ranked as one of the wealthiest countries in the OECD and the EU-27 at 5th in the

OECD-28 rankings as of 2008.

10)The 1995 to 2000 period of high economic growth was called the " Celtic Tiger ", a reference

to the "tiger economies" of East Asia.(Page 11)

11)In November 2010 the Irish Government published the National Recovery plan, which aims to

restore order to the public finances and to bring its deficit in line with the EU target of 3% of economic output by 2015.(Page 14)

12)The primary sector constitutes about 5% of Irish GDP, and 8% of Irish employment.

13) Ireland's inequality of income distribution score on the Gini coefficient scale was 30.4 in

2000, slightly below the OECD average of 31. (Page 17)

14)In January 1999 Ireland was one of eleven European Union member states which launched the

European Single Currency, the euro.

15)The Celts were commonly thought to have colonized Ireland in a series of invasions between

the 8th and 1st centuries BC. (Page 22)

16)From the mid-14th century, after the Black Death, Norman settlements in Ireland went into a

period of decline. (Page 26)

17)An extraordinary climatic shock known as the "Great Frost" struck Ireland and the rest of

Europe between December 1739 and September 1741, after a decade of relatively mild