2012年高考英语阅读理解训练：说理议论类

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配套K12高考英语二轮复习说理议论阅读理解基础练习(1)

说理议论阅读理解基础练习（1）说理议论（阅读理解）由 (2011天津,D)改编Blind imitation (模仿) is self-destruction.To those who do not recognize their unique worth,imitation appears attractive;to those who know their strength,imitation is unacceptable.In the early stages of skill or character development,imitation is helpful.When I first learned to cook,I used recipes (菜谱) and turned out some tasty dishes.But soon I grew bored.Why follow someone else’s way of cooking when I could create my own?Imitating role models is like using trainin g wheels on a child’s bicycle;they help you get going,but once you find your own balance,you fly faster and farther without relying on them.In daily life,imitation can hurt us if we subconsciously (下意识地) hold poor role models.If,as a child,you observed people whose lives were bad,you may have accepted their fear and pain as normal and gone on to follow what they did.If you do not make strong choices for yourself,you will get the results of the weak choices of others.In the field of entertainment,our culture glorifies celebrities.Those stars look great on screen.But when they step off screen,their personal lives may be disastrous.If you are going to follow someone,focus on their talent,not their bad character or unacceptable behaviors.Blessed is the person willing to act on their sudden desire to create something unique.Think of the movies,books,teachers,and friends that have affected you most deeply.They touched you because their creations were motivated by inspiration,not desperation.The world is changed not by those who do what has been done before them,but by those who do what has been done inside them.Creative people have an endless resource of ideas.The problem a creator faces is not running out of material;it is what to do with all the material knocking at the door of imagination.Study your role models,accept the gifts they have given,and leave behind what does not serve you.Then you can say, “I stand on the shoulders of my ancestors’tragedies and declare victory,and know that they are cheering me on.”1.Imitation proves useful when you .A.know you are uniqueB.lose the balance of lifeC.begin to learn something newD.get tired of routine practice2.To avoid the bad result of imitation,we should .A.forget daily fear and painB.choose the right exampleC.ask others for decisionsD.stay away from stars3.According to the author,the world moves on because of those who are .A.desperate to influence others with their knowledge.B.ready to turn their original ideas into realityC.eager to discover what their ancestors didD.willing to accept others’ ideas4.The trouble a creator faces is .A.the lack of strong motivationB.the absence of practical ideasC.how to search for more materialsD.how to use imagination creatively5.What is the a uthor’s purpose in writing this passage?()A.To highlight the importance of creativity.B.To criticize the characters of role models.C.To compare imitation with creation.D.To explain the meaning of success语篇解读:本文为议论文。

2012全国高考英语试题阅读理解分类汇编说明文类(精校word版有答案解析)

2012 年全国高考英语试题阅读理解分类汇编之说明文类（精校word版有答案解析）quickly arrive whenever a beekeeper is taking honey from his beehives, and will even enter churches when beeswax candles are being lit.【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。

文章介绍了Honey-Lover's Helper独特的掠食方式，帮助人和动物找到蜂蜜，待到他们吃掉蜂蜜后，它再吃蜂蜡。

科学家们对此也感到迷惑不解。

60. Why is it difficult to find a wild bees' nest?A. It's small in size.B. It's hidden in trees.C. It's covered with wax.D. It's hard to recognize.【答案】B【解析】根据文章第一段“Often, these nests are high up in trees, and it is difficult to find them.”可知B正确。

【考点定位】考查细节理解。

61. What do the words "the follower" in Paragraph 2 refer to?A. A bee.B. A bird.C. A honey seeker.D. A beekeeper.【答案】C【解析】根据文章中“In parts of Africa, though, people and animals looking for honey have a strange and unexpected helper一a little bird called a honey guide.”可推知：跟在honey guide后面的是：people and animals，而他们统称为honey seeker（寻找蜂蜜的人或动物们）。

高考英语阅读理解之议论文2.命题分析

高考英语阅读理解复习议论说理类文章就是议论文，是高考阅读理解题中一种较难的题目。

议论说理类文章具有以下特点：1. 题材多样化、知识化，它包括社会科学的多种领域，以及和自然科学交叉学科，体现以人为本的特点。

具体说来：(1)一般按提出问题、分析问题、解决问题的方法写作。

作者一般从日常生活中的热点问题、社会上的重大问题、与读者息息相关的问题入手，即提出问题。

然后，分析利弊，举例说明，推理判断，即分析问题。

最后，阐述观点，提出办法，即解决问题。

(2)以作者的观点或情感为核心，对细节推理等方面进行考查。

(3)文章的主题一般是生活中的热点问题、重大问题或与生活息息相关的问题等。

2. 侧重考查学生对文章深层意义的理解。

通常情况下，深层理解题占多数，这就要求学生读议论文时，不能仅限于对文章的表层理解，只抓一些事实细节，而且要注重对文章的意图、作者的观点以及内在逻辑联系的审视。

3. 深层理解题的主要表现形式：(1)主旨性题目：此类题常针对文章主题、中心思想、标题或作者的写作意图，通常有以下提问方式：a. What would be the best title for the text?b. The text is mainly about _________.c. From the passage we know that _________.d. The main idea of the paragraph is _________.e. The writer’s purpose of writing this text is _________.f. The passage could be titled _________.g. The passage deals with _________.h. What’s the subject discussed in the text?(2)推理判断题：此题主要考查学生对文章内在逻辑联系的把握，通常有以下出题方式：a. 回答对why和how的提问。

2012 年全国高考英语试题阅读理解

2012 年全国高考英语试题阅读理解分类汇编之议论文类playing baseball long after we have learned them. We continue to listen to and remind ourselves of words such as "Twinkle, twinkle, little star" and childhood tales such as Cinderella and Goldilocks. We not only learn but overlearn.The multiplication tables(乘法口诀表) are an exception to the general rule that we forget rather quickly the things that we learn in school, because they are another of the things we overlearn in childhood.The law of overlearning explains why cramming(突击学习)for an examination, though it may result in a passing grade, is not a satisfactory way to learn a college course. By cramming, a student may learn the subject well enough to get by on the examination, but he is likely soon to forget almost everything he learned. A little overlearning, on the other hand, is really necessary for one's future development.【文章大意】本文是一篇议论文。

2012年高考英语阅读理解答案

2012年高考英语模拟试卷（一）阅读理解A篇作者通过观察水与岩石争夺有利位置的故事，告诉我们在应对挑战的时候，也应该像水那样，敞开胸怀并且灵活多变，适时调整方向。

56．B。

细节理解题，根据第一段While relaxing and enjoying the aloneness, I sensed a battle for favorable position between the highly-spirited water and the large rocks resting on the bed along the edges of the stream可知，当时作者的心情是轻松愉快的。

57．C。

推理判断题。

根据第二段At first，the rocks，stubborn，immovable and unbending, seemed to have their way with their adversary可推断出，岩石一直坚持最初的方法，倔强地阻止流水的行进。

58．A。

推理判断题，根据第二段However, the water, determined yet forgiving, seemed merely inconvenienced by the presence of the rocks, as it effortlessly changed its course running towards its original destination可推断，流水获得胜利的主要原因是灵活多变。

59．D。

作者意图题。

根据文中最后一段可知,作者写水与岩石的故事，目的是告诉读者应该如何正确面对挑战。

B篇美国马里兰州推出了一项名为Prisoners Against Teen Tragedy的活动，让学生去监狱参观，警醒学生规范自己的行为从而远离犯罪。

60．D。

词义猜测题．根据下文They tell the youth what they went through as a child, what their crimes consist of可知，inmates指的是监狱里的囚犯。

高考英语二轮练习：说理议论阅读理解解析答案_1

浙江省2016高考英语二轮练习：说理议论阅读理解（2）解析答案说理议论（阅读理解）由(2012全国Ⅱ,A)改编Cold weather can be hard on pets,just like it can be hard on people.Sometimes owners forget that their pets are just as used to the warm shelter (住所) as they are.Some owners will leave their animals outside for a long period of time,thinking that all animals are used to living outdoors.This can put their pets in danger of serious illness.There are things you can do to keep your animal warm and safe.Keep your pets inside as much as you can when the weather is bad.If you have to take them out,stay outside with them.When you’re cold enough to go inside,they probably are too.If you must leave them outside for a long time,make sure they have a warm,solid shelter against the wind,thick bedding,and plenty of non-frozen water.If left alone outside,dogs and cats can be very smart in their search for warm shelter.They can dig into snow banks or hide somewhere.Watch them closely when they are left outdoors,and provide them with shelter of good quality.Keep an e ye on your pet’s water.Sometimes owners don’t realize that a water bowl has frozen and their pet can’t get anything to drink.Animals that don’t have clean and unfrozen water may drink dirty water outside,which may contain something unhealthy for them.1.What do we learn about pets from Paragraph 1?()A.They are often forgotten by their owners.B.They are used to living outdoors.C.They build their own shelters.D.They like to stay in warm places.2.Why are pet owners asked to stay with their pets when they are out in cold weather?()A.To know when to bring them inside.B.To keep them from eating bad food.C.To help them find shelters.D.To keep them company.3.If pets are left on their own outdoors in cold weather,they may .A.run short of clean waterB.dig deep holes for funC.dirty the snow nearbyD.get lost in the wild4.What is the purpose of this text?()A.To solve a problem.B.To give practical advice.C.To tell an interesting story.D.To present a research result.语篇解读:本文为说明文。

2012年高考英语试题(浙江卷-解析版)

2012年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(浙江卷)英语选择题部分（共80分）第一部分英语知识运用第一节单项填空1. — Is there anything else to discuss？—_____________。

I guess。

A. Not at all B。

No，that's all C。

Yes，I’m sure D. Yea, of course1. 【考点】交际用语—征求意见或看法【答案】B【解析】根据句意：-—-还有其他事要讨论吗？—-—没有，就这么多（no，that’s all），我想。

故选答案B.not at all一点儿也不；yes，I’m sure是的，我确定；yes, of course是的,当然，均是答非所问，不合题意，故排除。

【难度】偏小2。

The development of industry has been_______ gradual process throughout _______ human existence, from stone tools to modern technology。

A. 不填, theB. the; a C。

a；不填D。

a; a2. 【考点】冠词—零冠词和不定冠词【答案】C【解析】第一空process是可数名词,第一次出现一般用不定冠词，且此次表示“一个”的概念；第二空existence是不可数名词，其此处表示抽象概念，故用零冠词。

【难度】中等3。

No matter how bright a talker you are, there are times when it's better silent。

A。

remain B。

be remaining C。

having remained D。

to remain3. 【考点】非谓语—不定式【答案】D【解析】it做形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式：to remain silent。

2012年高考真题——英语(全国卷)解析

2012年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语(大纲版全国I）【参考答案版】第Ⅰ卷第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分)做题时，先将答案标在试卷上.录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。

第一节(共5小题；每小题1。

5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话.每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题.每段对话仅读一遍。

例：How much is the shirt？A.￡19.15. B。

￡9.15。

C。

￡9.18.答案是B。

1。

Where does this conversation probably take place？A．In a bookstore.B。

In a classroom.C. In a library。

2.At what time will the film begin?A。

7：20B.7：15C。

7:003. What are the two speakers mainly talking about?A. Their friend Jane。

B. A weekend trip.C. A radio programme。

4. What will the woman probably do？A。

Catch a train。

B. See the man off.C. Go shopping。

5. Why did the woman apologize?A。

She made a late delivery。

B。

She went to the wrong place。

C。

She couldn’t take the cake back。

第二节(共15小题;每小题1。

5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话.每段对话后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

2012年全国高考英语大纲卷阅读理解试题及答案

58. The honey guide is special in the way ______. A. B. C. D. it gets its food it goes to church it sings in the forest it reaches into bees’ nests
59. What can be the best title for the text? A. Wild Bees B. Beekeeping in Africa C. Wax and Honey D. Honey-Lover’s Helper
Scientists do not know why the honey guide likes eating the wax, but it is very determined in its efforts to get it. The birds seem to be able to smell wax from a long distance away. They will quickly arrive whenever a beekeeper is taking honey from his beehives, and will even enter churches when beeswax candles are being lit.
B About twenty of us had been fortunate enough to receive invitations to a film-studio (影棚) to take part in a crowd-scene. Although our “act” would last only for a short time, we could see quite a number of interesting things.

2012年高考北京卷阅读理解真题附答案详解(全网最精解析版)

2012年高考北京卷阅读理解真题附答案详解（全网最精解析版）Decision-making under StressA new review based on a research shows that acute stress affects the way the brain considers the advantages and disadvantages, causing it to focus on pleasure and ignore the possible negative (负面的) consequences of a decision.The research suggests that stress may change the way people make choices in predictable wa ys.“Stress affects how people learn,” says Professor Mara Mather. “People learn better about po sitive than negative outcomes under stress.”For example, two recent studies looked at how people learned to connect images(影像) with either rewards or punishments. In one experiment, some of the participants were first stre ssed by having to give a speech and do difficult math problems in front of an audience; in the othe r, some were stressed by having to keep their hands in ice water. In both cases, the stressed partici pants remembered the rewarded material more accurately and the punished material less accurately than those who hadn’t gone through the stress.This phenomenon is likely not surprising to anyone who has tried to resist eating cookies or s moking a cigarette while under stress –at those moments, only the pleasure associated with such a ctivities comes to mind. But the findings further suggest that stress may bring about a double effec t. Not only are rewarding experiences remembered better, but negative consequences are also easil y recalled.The research also found that stress appears to affect decision-making differently in men and women. While both men and women tend to focus on rewards and less on consequences under stre ss, their responses to risk turn out to be different.Men who had been stressed by the cold-water task tended to take more risks in the experimen t while women responded in the opposite way. In stressful situations in which risk-taking can pay off big, men may tend to do better, when caution weighs more, however, women will win.This tendency to slow down and become more cautious when decisions are risky might also h elp explain why women are less likely to become addicted than men: they may more often avoid making the risky choices that eventually harden into addiction.（350 words）64. We can learn from the passage that people under pressure tend to ______.A. keep rewards better in their memoryB. recall consequences more effortlesslyC. make risky decisions more frequentlyD. learn a subject more effectively65. According to the research, stress affects people most probably in their ______.A. ways of making choicesB. preference for pleasureC. tolerance of punishmentsD. responses to suggestions66. The research has proved that in a stressful situation, ______.A. women find it easier to fall into certain habitsB. men have a greater tendency to slow downC. women focus more on outcomesD. men are more likely to take risks答案与解析：64. A. 本题属于细节理解题，根据题干可以定位到文章第一段，“causing it to focus on pleasure and ignore the possible negative consequences of a decision”可知答案A选项正确。

2012年全国高考英语试题阅读理解分类汇编

2012年全国高考英语试题阅读理解分类汇编故事类1.【2012全国新课标】CAbout twenty of us had been fortunate enough to receive invitations to a film-studio(影棚)to take part in a crowd-scene. Although our "act" would last only for a short time, we could see quite a number of interesting things.We all stood at the far end of the studio as workmen prepared the scene, setting up trees at the edge of a winding path. Very soon, bright lights were turned on and the big movie-camera was wheeled into position. The director shouted something to the camera operator and then went to speak to the two famous actors nearby. Since it was hot in the studio, it came as a surprise to us to see one of the actors put on a heavy overcoat and start walking along the path. A big fan began blowing tiny white feathers down on him, and soon the trees were covered in "snow". Two more fans were turned on, and a "strong wind" blew through the trees. The picture looked so real that it made us feel cold.The next scene was a complete contrast (对比). The way it was filmed was quite unusual. Pictures in front taken on an island in the Pacific were shown on a glass screen (幕). An actor and actress stood of the scene so that they looked as if they were at the water’s edge on an island. By a simple trick like this, palm trees, sandy beaches, and blue, clear skies had been brought into the studio!Since it was our turn next, we were left wondering what scene would be prepared for us. For a full three minutes in our lives we would be experiencing the excitement of being film "stars"! 【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。

2012年高考英语阅读理解训练：说理议论类

2012年高考英语阅读理解训练：说理议论类第一篇：2012年高考英语阅读理解训练：说理议论类2012年高考英语阅读理解训练：说理议论类(一)(2011·湖北高考)Feeling blue about the world? “Cheer up.” says science writer Matt Ridley.“The world has never been a better place to live in, and it will keep on getting better both for humans and for nature.”Ridley calls himself a rational optimist—rational, because he's carefully weighed the evidence;optimistic, because that evidence shows human progress to be both unavoidable and good.And this is what he's set out to prove from a unique point of view in his most recent book, The Rational Optimist.He views mankind as a grand enterprise that, on the whole, has done little but progress for 100,000 years.He backs his findings with hard facts gathered through years of research.Here's how he explains his views.)Shopping fuels inventionIt is reported that there are more than ten billion different products for sale in London alone.Even allowing for the many people who still live in poverty, our own generation has access to more nutritious food, more convenient transport, bigger houses, better cars, and, of course, more pounds and dollars than any who lived before us.This will continue as long as we use these things to make other things.The more we specialize and exchange, the better off we'll be.2)Brilliant advancesOne reason we are richer, healthier, taller, cleverer, longer??lived and freer than ever before is that the four most basic human needs—food, clothing, fuel and shelter—have grown a lot cheaper.Take one example.In 1800 a candle providingone hour's light cost six hours' work.In the 1880s the same light from an oil lamp took 15 minutes' work to pay for.In 1950 it was eight seconds.Today it's half second.)Let's not kill ourselves for climate changeMitigating(减轻)climate change could prove just as damaging to human welfare as climate change itself.A child that dies from indoor smoke in a village, where the use of fossil??fuel(化石燃料)electricity is forbidden by well??meaning members of green political movements trying to save the world, is just as great a tragedy as a child that dies in a flood caused by climate/ 8taylor swiftlove story change.If climate change proves to be mild, but cutting carbon causes real pain, we may well find that we have stopped a nose??bleed by putting a tourniquet(止血带)around our necks.1.What is the theme of Ridley's most recent book?A.Weakness of human nature.B.Concern about climate change.C.Importance of practical thinking.D.Optimism about human progress.2.How does Ridley look at shopping?A.It encourages the creation of things.B.It results in shortage of goods.C.It demands more fossil fuels.D.It causes a poverty problem.3.The candle and lamp example is used to show that ________.A.oil lamps give off more light than candlesB.shortening working time brings about a happier lifeC.advanced technology helps to produce better candlesD.increased production rate leads to lower cost of goods4.What does the last sentence of the passage imply?A.Cutting carbon is necessary in spite of the huge cost.B.Overreaction to climate change may bedangerous.C.People's health is closely related to climate change.D.Careless medical treatment may cause great pain.2 / 8 taylor swiftlove story答案与解析1．D 细节理解题。

2012年高考英语试卷(新课标)(含解析版)

2012年全国统一高考英语试卷（新课标版）第二部分英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

例: It is generally considered unwise to give a child he or she wants.A. howeverB. whateverC. whicheverD. whenever答案是B.21. — Which one of these do you want? — . Either will do.A. I don’t mindB. I’m sureC. No problemD. Go ahead22. Sarah looked at finished painting with satisfaction.A. 不填; aB. a; theC. the; 不填D. the; a23. “Life is like walking in the snow”, Granny used to say, “because every step.A. has shownB. is showingC. showsD. showed24. It is by no means clear the president can do to end the strike.A. howB. whichC. thatD. what25. I don’t believe we’ve met before, I must say you do look familiar.A. thereforeB. althoughC. sinceD. unless26. The result is not very important to us, but if we do win, then so much .A. the bestB. bestC. betterD. the better27. Mary is really good at taking notes in class. She can almost every word her teacher says.A. put outB. put downC. put awayD. put together28. The party will be held in the garden, weather .A. permittingB. to permitC. permittedD. permit29. This restaurant wasn’t that other restaurant we went to.A. half as good asB. as half good asC. as good as halfD. good as half as30. I use a clock to wake me up because at six o’clock each morning thetrain comes by my house.A. couldn’tB. mustn’tC. shouldn’tD. needn’t31. Larry asks Bill and Peter to go on a picnic with him, but of them wants to, because they have work to do.A. eitherB. anyC. neitherD. none32. Film has a much shorter history, especially when such art forms as music and painting.A. having compared toB. comparing toC. compare toD. compared to33. I had been working on math for the whole afternoon and the numbersbefore my eyes.A. swimB. swumC. swamD. had swum34. You have to move out of the way the truck cannot get past you.A. soB. orC. andD. but35. If she doesn’t want to go, nothing you can say will her.A. persuadeB. promiseC. inviteD. support第二节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

高中英语真题-说理议论阅读理解(4)

说理议论阅读理解（4）说理议论（阅读理解）由 (2013北京,C)改编Does You Crazy?Although being famous might sound like a dream come true,t oday’s stars,feeling like zoo animals,face pressures that few o f us can imagine.They are at the center of much of the world’s attention.Paparazzi(狗仔队) camp outside their homes,cameras ready.Tabloids(小报) publish thrilling stories about their personal lives.Just imag ine not being able to do anything without being photographed or interrupted for a signature.According to psychologist Christina Villarreal,celebrities—famous people—worry constantly about their public appearance.Eventually,the y start to lose track of who they really are,seeing themselves t he way their fans imagine them,not as the people they were b efore everyone knew their name s.“Over time,”Villarreal says,“t hey feel separated and alone.”The phenomenon of tracking celebrities has been around for ages.In the 4th century B.C.,painters followed Alexander the Great into battle,hoping to picture his victories for his admirers.When Charles Dickens visited America in the 19th century,hi s sold-out readings attracted thousands of fans,leading him to compl ain(抱怨) about his lack of privacy.Tabloids of the 1920s and 1930s ran articles about film-stars in much the same way that modern tabloids and website s do.Being a public figure today,however,is a lot more difficult than it used to be.Superstars cannot move about without worrying about photographers with modern cameras.When they say so mething silly or do something ridiculous,there is always the Int ernet to spread the news in minutes and keep their “story” aliv e forever.If fame is so troublesome,why aren’t all celebrities running aw ay from it? The answer is there are still ways to deal with it.So me stars stay calm by surrounding themselves with trusted fri ends and family or by escaping to remote places away from bi g cities.They focus not on how famous they are but on what th ey love to do or whatever made them famous in the first place .Sometimes a few celebrities can get a little justice.Still,even st ars who enjoy full justice often complain about how hard theirlives are.They are tired of being famous already.1.It can be learned from the passage that stars today .A.are often misunderstood by the publicB.can no longer have their privacy protectedC.spend too much on their public appearanceD.care little about how they have come into fame2.What is the main idea of Paragraph 3?( )A.Great heroes of the past were generally admired.B.The problem faced by celebrities has a long history.C.Well-known actors are usually targets of tabloids.D.Works of popular writers often have a lot of readers.3.What makes it much harder to be a celebrity today?( )A.Availability of modern media.B.Inadequate social recognition.ck of favorable chances.D.Huge population of fans.4.What is the author’s attitude toward modern celebrity?( )A.Sincere.B.Sceptical.C.Disapproving.D.Sympathetic.语篇解读:本文为一篇议论文,谈论了作为名人的窘境:头上罩着耀眼的光环,心底却埋藏着难言的苦衷,这就是公众人物的生活。

2012全国高考英语试题议论文阅读理解汇总

2012阅读理解-议论文1 2012全国新课标全国新课标 D Grown-ups are often surprised by how well they remember something they learned as children but have never practiced still swim as well as ever since. A man when he gets back who has not had a chance to go swimming for years can in the water. He can get on a bicycle after many years and still ride away. He can play catch and hit a ball as well as his son. A mother who has not thought about the words for years can teach her daughter the poem that begins "Twinkle, twinkle, little star"。

remember the story of Cinderella or Goldilocks and the Three Bears. One One explanation explanation explanation is is is the the the law law law ofoverlearninrf ofoverlearninrf ofoverlearninrf , , , which which which can can can be be be stated stated stated as as as follows: follows: follows: Once Once Once we we we have have have learned learned something, additional learning trials(尝试)increase the length of time we will remember it. In childhood we usually continue to practice such skills as swimming, bicycle riding, and playing baseball long after we have learned them. We continue to listen to and remind ourselves of words such as "Twinkle, twinkle, little star" and childhood tales such as Cinderella and Goldilocks. We not only learn but overlearn. The The multiplication multiplication multiplication tables(tables(乘法口诀表)are )are an an an exception exception exception to to to the the the eeneral eeneral eeneral rule rule rule that that that we we we forget rather forget rather quickly quickly the the things that we learn in school, because they are another of the things we overlearn in childhood.The The law law law of of of overleaming overleaming overleaming explains explains explains why why why cramming(cramming(突击学习)for )for an an an examination. examination. examination. though though though it it it may may may result result result in in in a a passing grade, is not a satisfactory way to learn a college course. By cramming, a student may learn the subject well enough to get by on the examination, but he is likely soon to forget almost everything he learned. A little overlearning. on the other hand, is really necessary for one's future development. 【文章大意】本文是一篇议论文。

全国卷二 2012年高考英语阅读题

(A)Cold weather can hard on pets, just like it can be hard on people. Sometimes owners forget that their cats are just as used to the warm shelter (住所) as they are. Some owners will leave their animals outside for a long period of time, thinking that all animals are used to living outdoors. This can put their pets in danger of serious illness. There are things you can do to keep your animal warm and safe.Keep your pets inside as much as you can when the weather is bad. If you have to take them out, stay outside with them. When you’re cold enough to go inside, they probably are too. If you must leave them outside for a long time, make sure they have a warm, solid shelter against the wind, thick bedding, and plenty of non-frozen water.If left alone outside, dogs and cats can be very smart in their search for warm shelter. They can dig into snow banks or hide somewhere. Watch them closely when they are left outdoors, and provide them with shelter of good quality. Keep an eye on your pet’s water. Sometimes owners don’t realize that a water bowl has frozen and their pet can’t get anything to drink. Animals that don’t have clean and unfrozen water may drink dirty water outside, which may contain something unhealthy for them.41. What do we learn about pets from Paragraph 1?A. They are often forgotten by their owners.B. They are used to living outdoors.C. They build their own shelter.D. They like to stay in warm places.42. Why are pet owners asked to stay with their pets when they are out in coldweather?A. To know when to bring them inside.B. To keep them from eating bad food.C. To help them find shelters.D. To keep them company.43. If pets are left on their own outdoors in cold weather, they may ___.A. run short of clean waterB. dig deep holes for funC. dirty the snow nearbyD. get lost in the wild44. What is the purpose of this text?A. To solve a problem.B. To give practical advice.C. To tell an interesting story.D. To present a research result.(B)You may think that sailing is a difficult sport, but it is really not hard to learn it. You do not need to be strong. But you need to be quick. And you need to understand a few basic rules about the wind.First, you must ask yourself, “Where is the wind coming from? Is it coming from ahead or behind or from the side?” You must think about this all the time on the boat. The wind direction tells you what to do with the sail.Let’s start with the wind blowing from the behind. This means the wind and the boat are going in the same direction. Then you must always keep the sail outside the boat. It should be at a 90° angle (角度) to the boat. Then it will catch the wind best.If the wind is blowing from the side, it is blowing across the boat. In this case, you must keep the sail half way outside the boat. It should be at a 45° angle to the boat. It needs to be out far enough to catch the wind, but it shouldn’t flap (摆动). It shouldn’t look like on a flagpole. If it is flapping, it is probably out too far, and the boat will slow down.Sailing into the wind is not possible. If you try, the sail will flap and the boat will stop. You may want to go in that direction. It is possible, but you can’t go in a straight line. You must go first in one direction and then in another. This is called tacking. When you are tacking, you must always keep the sail inside the boat.45. What should you consider first while sailing?A. Sailors’ strength.B. Wave levels.C. Wind directions.D. Size of sails.46. What does the word “It” underlined in Paragraph 4 refer to?A. The boat.B. The wind.C. The sail.D. The angle.47. What do you have to do when sailing against the wind?A. Move in a straight line.B. Allow the sail to flap.C. Lower the sail.D. Tack the boat.48. Where can you probably find the text?A. In a popular magazine.B. In a tourist guidebook.C. In a physics textbook.D. In an official report.(C)Facial expressions carry meaning that is determined by situations and relationships. For example, in American culture (文化) the smile is in general an expression of pleasure. Yet it also has other uses. A woman’s smile at a police officer does not carry the same meaning as the smile she gives to a young child. A smile may show love or politeness. It can also hide true feelings. It often causes confusion (困惑) across cultures. For example, many people in Russia smiling at strangers in public to be unusual and even improper. Yet many Americans smile freely at strangers in public places (although this is less common in big cities). Some Russians believe that Americans smile in the wrong places; some Americans believe that Russians don’t smile enough. In Southeast Asian culture, a smile is frequently used to cover painful feelings. Vietnamese people may tell a sad story but end the story with a smile.Our faces show emotions (情感), but we should not attempt to “read” people from another culture as we would “read” someone from our own culture. The fact that members of one culture do not express their emotions as openly as do members of another does not mean that they do not experience emotions. Rather, there are cultural differences in the amount of facial expressions permitted. For example, in public and in formal situations many Japanese do not show their emotions as freely as Americans do. When with friends, Japanese and Americans seem to show their emotions similarly.It is difficult to generalize about Americans and facial expressiveness because of personal and cultural differences in the United States. People from certain cultural backgrounds in the United States seem to be more facially expressive than others. The key is to try not to judge people whose ways of showing emotion are different. If wejudge according to our own cultural habits, we may make the mistake of “reading” the other person incorrectly.49. What does the smile usually mean in the U.S.?A. Love.B. Politeness.C. Joy.D. Thankfulness.50. The author mentions the smile of the Vietnamese to prove that smile can ___ .A. show friendliness to strangersB. be used to hide true feelingsC. be used in the wrong placesD. show personal habits51. What should we do before attempting to “read” people?A. Learn about their relations with others.B. Understand their cultural backgrounds.C. Find out about their past experience.D. Figure out what they will do next.52. What would be the best title for the test?A. Cultural DifferencesB. Smiles and RelationshipC. Facial ExpressivenessD. Habits and Emotions(D)ADDIS ABABA, Ethiopia – One of the world’s most famous fossils (化石) – the3.2 million-year-old Lucy skeleton (骨骼) unearthed in Ethiopia in 1974 – will go on an exhibition tour abroad for the first time in the United States, officials said Tuesday.Even the Ethiopian public has only seen Lucy twice. The Lucy on exhibition at the Ethiopian National Museum in the capital, Addis Ababa, is a replica while the real remains are usually locked in a secret storeroom. A team from the Museum of National Science in Houston, Texas, spent four years discussing with the Ethiopians for the U.S. tour, which will start in Houston next September.“Ethiopia’s rich culture of both the past and today, is one of the best kept secrets in the world,” said Joel Bartsch, director of the Houston museum.The six-year tour will also go to Washington, New York, Denver and Chicago. Officials said six other U.S. cities may be on the tour. But they said plans had not been worked out.Travelling with Lucy will be 190 other fossils.Lucy, her name taken from a Beatles song that played in a camp the night of herdiscovery, is part of the skeleton of what was once a 3-foot-tall ape-man (猿人). 1253. The author writes this text mainly to ___ .A. introduce a few U.S. museumsB. describe some research workC. discuss the value of an ape-manD. report a coming event54. What do the words “a replica” in Paragraph 2 refer to?A. A painting of the skeleton.B. A photograph of LucyC. A copy of the skeleton.D. A written record of Lucy.55. How many cities has Lucy’s U.S. tour plan already included?A. Four.B. Five.C. Six.D. Eleven.56. What was the skeleton named after?A. An ape-man.B. A song.C. A singer.D. A camp.(E)Make Up Your Mind to SucceedKind-hearted parents have unknowingly left their children defenseless against failure. The generation born between 1980 and 2001 grew up playing sports where scores and performance were played down because “everyone’s winter.” And their report cards sounded more positive (正面的) than ever before. As a result, Stanford University professor Carol Dweck, PhD, calls them “the overpraised generation.”Dweck has been studying how people deal with failure for 40 years. Her research has led her to find out two clearly different mind-sets that have a great effect on how we react to it. Here’s how they work:A fixed mind-set is grounded in the belief that talent (才能) is genetic – you’re a born artist, point guard, or numbers person. The fixed mind-set believes it’s sure to succeed without much effort and regards failure as personal shame. When things get difficult, it’s quick to blame, lie, and even stay away from future difficulties.On the other hand, a growth mind-set believes that no talent is entirely heaven-sent and that effort and learning make everything possible. Because the ego (自尊) isn’t on the line as much, the growth mind-set sees failure as a chance rather than shame. When faced with a difficulty, it’s quick to rethink, change and try again. In fact, it enjoys this experience.We are all born with growth mind-sets. (Otherwise, we wouldn’t be able to live in the world.) But parents, teachers, and instructors often push us into fixed mind-sets by encouraging certain actions and misdirecting praise. Dweck’s book, Mind-set: The New Psychology of Success, and online instructional program explain this in depth. But she says there are many little things you can start doing today to make sure that your children, grandchildren and even you are never defeated by failure.57. What does the author think about the present generation?A. They don’t do well at school.B. They are often misunderstood.C. They are eager to win in sports.D. They are given too much praise.58. A fixed mind-set person is probably one who ___ .A. doesn’t want to work hardB. cares a lot about personal safetyC. cannot share his ideas with othersD. can succeed with the help of teachers59. What does the growth mind-set believe?A. Admitting failure is shameful.B. Talent comes with one’s birth.C. Scores should be highly valued.D. Getting over difficulties is enjoyable.60. What should parents do for their children based on Dweck’s study?A. Encourage them to learn from failures.B. Prevent them from making mistakes.C. Guide them in doing little things.D. Help them grow with praise.全国卷二答案41~45　DAABC　46~50　CDACB　51~55　BCDCB　56~60　BDADA　。

2012安徽高考英语阅读理解试题及答案

Room 1 The celebrity（名人）footwear section is probably the most popular in the entire museum. Started in the 1950s there is a wide variety of shoes and boots belonging to everyone from queens and presidents to pop stars and actors! Most visitors find the celebrities’ choice of footwear extremely interesting.
59. The purpose of the text is to get more people to ______. A. do research B. design shoes C. visit the museum D. follow celebrities
A Welcome to one of the largest collections of footwear（鞋类）in the world that will make you green with envy. Here at the Footwear Museum you can see exhibits（展品）from all over the world. You can find out about shoes worn by everyone from the Ancient Egyptians to pop stars.
Room 3 As well as shoes and boots, the museum also exhibits shoe shaped objects. The variety is unbelievable. For example, there is a metal lamp that resembles a pair of shoes, and Greek wine bottles that like legs! The footwear Library People come from all over the world to study in our excellent footwear library. Designers and researchers come here to look up information on anything and everything related to the subject of footwear. 57. All exhibits in each room ______. A. share the same theme C. are made of the same material

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