英语同义词近义词辨析知识讲解
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英语同义词近义词辨析
1、a number of, the number of
a number of +可数名词,谓语用复数,意为许多,大量的……
the number of +可数名词,谓语用单数,意为……的数目
2、able, capable, competent
able为常用词,指具有做某事所需的力量,技巧,知识与时间等,搭配是be able to do s.th。
如:A cat is able to see in the dark. (猫在黑暗中能看见东西。)
capable 指满足一般要求的能力,搭配是be capable of +doing。
competent 指“胜任”,“合格”,或受过专业技术等训练的,但不是超群的能力。如: A doctor
should be competent to treat many diseases. (医生应该能治多种病。)
3、above all;after all;at all; in all
above all意为“尤其是”、“首先”、“最重要的是”,常位于句首或句中,作插入语,起强调作用。
如:
But above all tell me quickly what I have to do.可首先快些告诉我该做什么。
after all意为“毕竟”、“终究”、“终归”、“到底”,在句中位置较灵活。可位于句首、句中或句
末。如:
After all,your birthday is only two weeks away.毕竟,两周后就是你的生日。
He is,after all,a small child.他毕竟还是个小孩子。
He failed after all.他终于失败了。
at all用于否定句时,意为“丝毫;根本”,用于疑问句时意为“究竟;到底”,用于条件句时,
常译为“当真;实在”。用于肯定句中,表示说话人的某种情绪或情感(如怀疑或惊奇等),意
为“竟然”等。如:
.他根本不喜欢你。
He doesn’t like you at all
Are you going to do it at all?你究竟做不做这件事?
If you do it at all,do it well.若你真要做这件事,就得做好。
I was surprised at his coming at all.他竟然来了,我很惊讶。
in all意为“总共”,既可放在句首,也可放在句末。如:
There are 25,000 Inuit in all.(=In all, there are 25,000 Inuit.) 这儿共有25,000因努伊特人。
4、aboard, abroad, board, broad
aboard 在船(或飞机,车)上。如:I never went aboard a ship.
abroad 副词,在国外或海外。如:He often goes abroad.
board 为动词,上(船,飞机,车)。如:The passengers are boarding the plane now.
broad 为形容词,宽广的。如:He has very broad shoulders.
5、accept, receive
接到”,“收到”。如:I received an invitation yesterday, but I didn’t ac accept 接受,receive“
(昨天我收到了一个请柬,但并没有接受邀请。)
6、accident, incident, event
accident事故。如:a traffic accident (交通事故)
附带事件”,在政治上特指引起国际争端或战争的事件,事变。
incident“
event “事件”,指特别重要的事件,通常是由以前的努力而产生的结果,也指国家和社会
的事件。
7-accurate, correct, exact, precise
accurate准确的,精确的。如:Clocks in railway stations should be accurate.(火车站的钟应该
是准确的。)
正确的”,指符合一定的标准或准则,含有“无错误的”意味。它的反义词是incorrect, correct“
wrong.
exact“精确的”,“恰好的”,比“大体上正确”更进一步,表“丝毫不差”。它的反义词是inexact。precise强调“精确”,“精密”。
8、accuse, charge, sue
accuse 指责,指控,常与of 搭配。如:His boss accused him of carelessness.
charge 常与with搭配。如:The police charged the driver with reckless driving.
sue 常与for 搭配。如:Smith sued his neighbor for damaging his house.
9、acquire, require, inquire
acquire取得,获得,学到。如:acquire knowledge (获得知识)
(问一个人的姓名)
inquire打听,询问。如:inquire a person’s name
require需要。如:We require more help. (我们需要更多的帮助。)
10、adopt, adapt
adopt (1)收养。如:Since they have no children of their own, they decided to adopt a little girl. (他们自己没有孩子,所以决定收养一个小女孩。)(2)采纳,采用,通过。如:He adopted our suggestion.(他采纳了我们的建议。)
adopt与adapt词形相近,后者的意思是“使适合”,“改编”等。
11、advantage, benefit, profit
advantage 常指一种使某人处于比其他人相对有利的地位,机会或时机。如:He had the advantage of good education. (受过良好的教育对他十分有利。)
profit 多指报偿或报偿性的收入。如Did you make any profit last year? (你去年赚钱了吗?)benefit 指物质利益或精神方面的好处。如:I get no personal benefit from the business.(我个人从这家企业中并不获益。)
12、affect, effect
affect影响(动词)。如Smoking affects health.
effect效果,影响(名词)。如:Government policy will not have any effect on us.
13、afford, provide, supply
都有“提供,供给”的意思。
afford一般只用于抽象事物。
provide 和supply意思相同,两个词都和with连用,构成provide /supply somebody with something的结构。
14、ago, before
ago表示以现在为起点的“以前”,常与一般过去时连用,不可以单独使用。
before指过去或将来的某时刻“以前”,也可泛指以前,常和完成时连用,可以单独使用。
例如,I saw him ten minutes ago.我十分钟之前看到的他。
He told me that he had seen the film before.他告诉我他以前看过这场电影。
15、agree on;agree to;agree with
agree on作“就……取得一致意见”解。例如:
The building of a new car factory was agreed on last month.
上月,就建一座新汽车厂之事达成了协议。
agree to有两层含义和用法:
其一是to作为动词不定式符号,其后跟动词原形,作“同意(答应)做某事”解。
例如:My father agreed to buy a new pen for me.父亲答应给我买支新钢笔。
其二是to作为介词,之后跟表示“计划/条件/建议等一类的名词或代词”。例如: