初中英语语法陈述句

初中英语语法陈述句
初中英语语法陈述句

初中英语语法陈述句

陈述句

凡是说明一件事情,提出一个看法,或是表达种心情的句子都是陈述句。绝大部分的句子都是陈述句,它能够用肯定式和否定式。句末用句号“”,通常用降调。

We live in Beijing.(肯定句)

我们住在北京。

We don’t live in Beijing.(否定句)

我们不住在北京。

因为陈述句是英语中最常用的基本句子,我们在讲述时态时,详细地讲述了各种时态的陈述句,可参见第六章~第十一章。

本节侧重于陈述句中的否定结构,现把英语中否定句总结如下:

1 be动词、一般动词(实义动词)、情态动词的否定句

I am not a student. 我不是学生。

I don't know him. 我不理解他。

He can't speak English. 他不会说英语。

1.be动词的否定句

a.句型:主语+be动词+not~.

I wasn't good at English.

我英语不好。

He isn't hungry.

他不饿。

b.实行时和被动语态(现在时、过去时、实行时)都有be动词,所以它们的否定句与be动词的否定句同形。(详见第十三章被动语态)

They aren't cleaning the room.(现在实行时)

他们没在打扫房间。

The child was not looked after.

(过去时的被动语态)

这个孩子以前没有被照顾过。

c.将来时(will,shall)、完成时及情态动词的被动语态不能用be 动词的否定句型。

(○) They will not be sent to the fro nt.

(×)They will be not sent to the front.

他们将不会被送到前线。

2.情态动词的否定句

句型:主语+情态动词+ not +动词原形

(详见第十二章中的“情态动词”部分)

I cannot do it myself.

我自己做不了这件事。

You mustn't take the books out.

你们一定不能把书拿出去。

3.一般动词的否定句

句型:主语+ do(does, did)+ not +动词原形

(详见第七、八章)

注意

否定式的缩略形

is not→isn't

are not→aren't

Was not→wasn't

were not→ weren't

do not→don't

does not→doesn't

did not→ didn't

Can not→can't

will not→ won't

must not→ mustn't

have not→ haven't

has not→ hasn't

had not→hadn't

am not无缩写形式,应为I'm not形式。

He doesn't do his homework every day.

他不是每天都做作业。

They didn't have the class-meeting yesterday.他们昨天没开班会。

They don't live in Shanghai.

他们不住在上海。

4.现在完成时的否定句

句型:主语+ have(has)+ not +动词的过去分词~.

I haven't finished reading the book yet.

这本书我还没读完。

He hasn't had his breakfast yet.

他还没吃早饭呢。

5.过去完成时的否定句

句型:主语+ had + not +动词的过去分词~.

He hadn't finished reading the book by the

end of last month.

截至上月末,他还没看完这本书。

2否定结构应注意事项

1.使用not的部分否定

含有not的句子,如果使用了very,always以及不定代词all,both,every及every的复合词,则表示部分否定。(其余的半否定结构请参见第二章的不定代词部分)

I don't play football very well.

我足球踢得不特别好。

It isn't always hot here in summer.

这儿夏天不总是很热。

比较

I don't play football well.

(全否定)

我足球踢得不好。

It isn't hot here in summer.(全否定)

这儿夏天不热。

2.not的其他否定表示

a. not…at all一点也不

I'm not tired at all.

我一点也不累。(语气强烈)

I don't like it at all.

我一点儿也不喜欢它。

b. not…any more,not…any longer再也不……

I don't live here any longer.

我再也不在这儿住了。

I can not eat any more. =I can eat no more.我再也不能多吃了。

3.使用not以外的否定词表示否定

a.用no表示:no +名词=not any…一点也不……There is no wind .= There is not any wind.一点儿风都没有。

b. never决不(语气比not强烈) I'll never forget you.

我决不会忘记你。

c. few/little…几乎没有

详见第二章代词部分。

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3)表延续的动词: remain, keep, hold, stay, rest等。 5、定语:对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子。 The black bike is mine.(形容词) The boy in blue is Jim.(介词短语) I have nothing to do today.(动词不定式) 注意:1) 当定语修饰不定代词如:nothing , anything , everything , something等时,定语要放在其后作后置定语。例如: I tell him something interesting. 2) 不定式、短语或从句作定语时,也放在被修饰的名词之后。 例如:The boys who are in the room are playing games. 6、状语:用以修饰adj. /v. /adv.及全句,位置灵活。 1、修饰形容词或副词时,通常位于被修饰的词之前; I am very sorry. 2、表示时间、地点、目的的状语一般位于句子两头,强调时放在句首。In order to cheer him up, I told him the truth. They are writing English in the classroom. 3、一些表示不确定时间(如:often)或程度(如:almost)的副词状语通常位于be动词、助动词、情态动词之后,动词之前。 We often help him.

He is always late for class. 7、补语:补充说明宾语的情况。由n./adj./介宾/分词/不定式等担任。常位于宾语后。 He made me sad.(形容词) She asks me to take an umbrella.(不定式) The war made him a soldier.(名词) I find him at home.(介词短语) I saw a cat running along the wall.(分词) 8、同位语:同位语是句子成分的一种, 它位于名词、代词后面, 说明它们的性质和情况, 它可以由名词、代词、名词性短语或从句充当。Tom, our monitor, is a handsome boy. I myself will do the experiment. She is the oldest among them six. 一). 简单句五种基本句型: 句子包含主要句子成分(主语、谓语)和次要句子成分(表语、宾语、宾语补足语),按照动词的性质将英语简单句划分为以下五种基本句型:1、基本句型的词序:

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