881 英语语言学和中文作文
湖南师范大学硕士研究生入学考试自命题考试大纲
考试科目代码：[881] 考试科目名称：英语语言学和中文作文
一、考试形式与试卷结构
1)试卷成绩及考试时间：
本试卷满分为150分，考试时间为180分钟。
2)答题方式：闭卷、笔试
3)试卷内容结构
第一部分: 普通语言学基本知识
（1）名词解释题：6道题，每题4分，共计24分。
（2）简答题：3道题，每题12分，共计36分。
第二部分: 普通语言学基本知识运用
分析论述题：2道题，每题30分，共计60分。
第三部分：汉语写作
汉语作文题：1道题，计30分。
二、考试内容与考试要求
1．考试内容
（1）语言学导论：语言和语言学基本术语的定义；语言的性质；语言学的主要分支；人类语言与其他动物交流方式的本质区别；语言的功能；语言研究中一些重要术语之间的区别与联系，比如Langue与Competence，Diachronic Linguistics 与Synchronic Linguistics之间的异同。
（2）语音学和音位学：英语语音的分类；语音学和音位学的差异；音位学主要术语区分。
（3）形态学与英语词汇学：词素、词根、词缀的定义；构词法类型；词汇变化。
（4）句法学：句法学相关术语；语法范畴；直接成分分析法；向心结构和离心结构；并列与联合。
（5）语义学：语义学相关术语；常见的语义学流派；词与词之间的意义关系；句子意义与说话人意义及其主要区别；语义成分分析法；情景语境分析法。对上述内容适时举例说明。
（6）语言与认知：语言与思维的关系。
（7）语言与社会文化：语言与社会、文化的关系；语言变体。
（8）语用学：语用学相关术语；语义学与语用学的关系；言语行为理论；合作原则、礼貌原则。.
（9）语言学与语言习得：语言学与语言学习之间的关系；语言学与语言教学。
（10）现代语言学理论与流派：现代主要语言学流派的观点和主要研究方法。
（11）汉语作文：根据要求，用汉语写1篇800字左右的文章。
2．考试要求
（1）能比较系统地掌握普通语言学的基础知识、基本概念、基本理论、基本观点和主要研究方法；
（2）能较熟练地运用语言学的基础知识、基本理论、观点和方法来观察、总结、分析或论述日常语言现象；
（3）具有较强的中文写作能力，包括审题、内容框架结构设计、语言运用能力、逻辑思维能力、创新思辨能力等。
三、参考书目
1．戴炜栋主编，《新编简明英语语言学教程》（修订版），上海外语教育出版社，2002年。
2．Fromkin, Victoria, Robert Rodman & Nina Hyams. An Introduction to Language (7th ed.)（《语言导论》）. 北京：北京大学出版社，2004年。3．Poole, Stuart C. An Introduction to Linguistics (《语言学入门》)，外语教学与研究出版社， 2000年。
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