科技英语常用句型4

《专业英语（制药工程）》

【科技英语的常用句型和翻译技巧】

一、概述

1. 翻译的要求The Criteria of Translation：信、雅、达

2. 科技英语词汇（上节课已经介绍）

3. 科技英语句子的特点

二、科技英语常用句型及翻译

1. 被动语态

1）被动语态的常用原因

常用被动语态主要见于以下几个方面：

①不必或无法说出主动者

For a long time aluminum has been thought as an effective material for preventing metal corrosion.

长期以来，铝被当作一种有效的防止金属腐蚀的材料。

►The book has already been translated into many languages.

②强调行为对象，而非行为者，将行为对象作为句子的主语

Three machines can be controlled by a single operation.

三台机器能由一个操作者操纵。

►The work must be finished at once.

③为了更好的联系上下文

►They are going to build a library here next year. It is going to be build beside the classroom building.

2）被动语句的翻译方法

（1）仍译为被动句

最常见的是在谓语前加上助词“被”，也可使用“受到，遭到，得到，叫，称，让，给，加以，为……所”等句式。偶尔也可不加任何词直接译出。

We remember how air can be made into a liquid. If the liquid is warmed again, it “boiled”and turns back into a gas.

我们记得是如何把空气制成液体的。如果给这种液体重新加热，它“沸腾汽化”，就又还原成气体。

►Every thing is built up of atoms.

►The process by which energy is changed from one form into another is called the transformation of energy.

Water is usually considered as being a compound of two elements.

（2）译为主动句，中国汉语的习惯

①译成无主语的主动句

Measures have been taken to diminish air pollution.

已经采取了一些措施来减少空气污染。

►If the product is a new compound，the structure must be proved independently．

►Quality must be guaranteed first.

②加上不确定主语的主动句

Salt is known to have a very strong corroding effect on metals.

大家知道，盐对金属有很强的腐蚀作用。

►All bodies are known to possess weight.

►If one or more electrons are removed, the atom is said to be positively charged．

③由by短语中的动作发出者作为主语

Heat and light are given off by the chemical reaction.

这种化学反应能发出热和光。

►The planets are held together by attractive forces.

►Every day, new compounds are produced in the laboratory by the synthetic organic chemist. （3）译成判断句

Currently most solar cells are made from crystals of high-purity silicon.

目前，绝大多数太阳能电池是用高纯度的硅晶体制成的。

►Large quantities of oil are refined locally at Abadan, Iran, in Bahrain and elsewhere.

Produced by electrons are the x-ray, which allow the doctor to took aside a patient’s body. （4）译成因果句

The crops were badly damaged by a flood. 农作物因水灾而毁坏。

The multiplicity of carbon compounds is explained in the exceptional ability of carbon atoms to combine with one another.

碳化合物之所以为数众多，是因为碳原子相互结合的能力特别强。

►The existence of organic chemistry is further justified by the importance of carbon compounds or mixtures in our lives.

2. 从句

科技英语大量使用复合句是其重要的特征之一，一个复合句可能由主句和多个主句组成。理解和掌握各种从句的译法对理解和翻译科技英语是非常重要的。

1）主语从句

①基本句型：连词（连接代词、连接副词）+主语+谓语+谓语

Why dinaucers became extinct remained a mystery for a long time.

恐龙为什么绝迹长期以来是个谜。

►Whether there is life on the Mars is a disputable topic.

②用what引起的主语从句