集装箱租赁合同操作实务

集装箱租赁合同操作实务
集装箱租赁合同是规定租箱人与租箱公司双方权利、义务和费用的协议和合同文本。

租箱人在签署合同之前一般要与租箱公司(或其代理人)商定租箱方式，数量,租金,交、还箱期，地点，租、退箱费用,损害修理责任及保险等事宜。

租箱合同的主要条款一般有4个方面内容。

交箱条款
交箱条款主要是制约租箱公司的条款，是指租箱公司应在合同规定的时间和地点将答合合同条件的集装箱交给租箱人。

其内容主要有：
(1)交箱期。

是指租箱公司将箱子交给租箱人的时间。

为了给双方都提供一些方便，交箱期通常规定一个期限,一般为7—30天。

(2)交箱量。

为了适应市场上箱，货供求关系的变化，合同中对交箱量有两种规定方法，一种是规定的交箱数量(或最低交箱量)；另一种是实际交箱量(可高于或低于前者)。

(3)交箱时箱子状况。

租箱公司交给租箱人的箱子应符合有关国际公约与标准的规定，同时租和相人还箱时应保证箱子保持和接近原来的状况。

为了保证这一点,双方在提箱时箱子的状况是通过双方签署的设备交接单来体现的。

在具体操作中,规定租箱人雇用的司机和箱子所在堆场的箱管员,门卫可作为双方代表签署设备交接单。

还箱条款
租箱合同中的还箱条款主要是制约租箱人的条款，是指租箱人应在租用期满后，按合同规定的时间，地点将状况良好的箱子还给租箱公司。

其主要内容为：
(1)还箱时间。

指规定的还箱日期。

如超期还箱，合同一般通过对超期天数加收租金方式解决；如果可能提前还箱，则要求事先订立提前终止条款，定有该条款时，租箱人可提前还箱；如未订立此条款，即使是提前还箱，租箱人仍需补交提前日数的追加租金。

(2)还箱地点。

租箱人应按合同规定或租箱公司另用书面形式确认的具体地点还箱。

在订立合同时，租箱人应尽量使还箱地点与箱子最终使用地点一致或接近，这样可以减少空箱运输费用。

(3)还箱时箱子状况。

租箱人在还箱时应保证箱子外表状态良好，即保证箱子保持提箱时双方签订的设备交接单上说明的状况。

该条款一般规定如果还箱时外表有损坏，租箱人应承担修理责任与费用。

租箱合同中一般还规定还箱期满若干天(有的是30天)后，租箱人仍未还箱，租箱公司将作为箱子全损处理。

租箱人应按合同规定的金额支付赔偿金，在租箱公司未收到赔偿金前，租箱人仍需按实际天数支付租金。

损害修理责任条款
租箱人还箱时，应按设备交接单上记载的状况还箱，如有损坏，则应负责将箱子修理好后还箱，或承担修一时费用。

如租箱时在合同中订立损害修理(Damage Protection Plan,DPP)条款并按规定付费，则租箱人对租箱期内所造成的损坏在一定程度上不负修理责任，可将未修理的箱子退还租箱公司。

不论箱子在租箱期内是否损坏，DPP费用一律不予退还。

DPP条款从某仲意义上讲，相当于租箱人对租箱期内集装箱的损害进行了保险(但不是向保险公司投保)。

但租箱人必须了解，DPP费用一般只保箱子的部分损害，不承担全损和共同海损等责任。

习惯上只负责比箱子当时价值低一些的
一个因定限额之内，由租箱公司承担；如超过此限额则，则超过部分仍需要租箱人承担。

DPP费用一般按租箱天数收取。

租金及费用支付条款
租箱人应按时支付合同中规定承担的各种费用及租金，这是自由使用集装箱和具有某些权利和减少责任的前提，不按时支付费用和租金，则构成违约，租箱公司有权采取适当的行动直至收回集装箱。

租箱合同的租金与费用支付条款主要包括下列内容：
(1)租期。

租期一般理解为从交箱之日起至还箱之日止的一段时间。

(2)租金计算方法。

租金按第箱天计收。

租用天数计算一般从交箱当日起算至租箱公司接受还箱的次日为止。

在超期还箱情况下，超期天数按合同规定的租金另行支付(通常比正常租金高一倍)。

如合同中定有提前终止的条款，租箱人支付提前终止费用(一般相当于5-7天租金)后，租期到集装箱进入还箱堆场日终止。

(3)租金支付方式。

一般租金支付方式有两种，按月支付或按季支付。

租箱人应在收到租金付通知单后，在规定时间内(一般为30天)支付。

如延则需按合同规定的费率加付利息。

(4)交、还箱手续费。

租箱人应按合同规定支付交、还箱手续费。

该费用主要用来抵偿因在堆场交、还箱所产生的费用(装卸车费、单证费等)，其数额或由合同规定，或按交、还箱所在堆场的费用确定。

租箱合同中除上述条款外，一般还有设备标志更改条款及其他有关租箱责任，义务，保险和转租等条款。

珠江口水域航行注意事项
珠江口水域,海事部门规定的地理覆盖范围为
113°32′00″E～114°24′00″E与21°55′00″N～
22°20′00″N连线内水域。

在航海的实践中，往往从蒲台岛开始至马友石灯船之间的水域称之为珠江口水域。

此段水域是水上交通繁忙区域，从2004年6月1日起实行珠江口水域船舶定线制。

《定线制》有多航路交叉，水道纵横交错，港口密集，在该水域有多条船舶航路产生多种方向的交叉。

大濠水道定线制有四条分道通航段，加上现有的香港大屿山快速船东段分道通航段，共有5条分道通航段的航路交叉，交通流状况复杂。

为了解决多条航路交叉的问题，避免船舶交叉碰撞，设立了第三警戒区，警戒区内设有半径为80米的“安全岛”，要求船舶穿越警戒区时，围绕“安全岛”逆时针航行。

担杆水道定线制与香港东博寮水道分道通航航路也形成交叉，第二警戒区就是为解决两条分道通航航路的交叉而专门设置的。

在警戒区中心设置灯船，为了使船舶易于辨明大濠水道定线制警戒区“安全岛”的位置，在警戒区中心设置1艘安装有雷达应答器的灯船。

现以船舶西行为例，过蒲台岛之后，由东博寮水道进入香港水域的船只多为大型船舶，由于受到龙鼓洲西水道水深的制约，驶往深圳赤湾港的大型船舶也借道东博寮水道由龙鼓水道进港。

所以，驶经东博寮水域外侧时，要严格遵守珠江口水域船舶定线制的规定，行驶在自己的航线上，遇有从东博寮水道驶出的大型船舶，应根据1972年国际海上避碰规则进行避让，必要时慢车等让，同时可以保持香港海事的12频道守听，密切注意出口船舶的动态。

这里也是海事高发水域，具体原因也就是交叉船舶互相争行，因为西行船是规则上规定的让路船，所以应主动避让出口船，以免出现紧迫局面。

在遇有香港水域涨潮时，停泊在担杆列岛内侧的锚泊船也要依次进港，应特别注意其抢头。

驶过东博寮水域之后，
应当注意东行往南丫岛抛锚的船舶，及早与之联系，确定会让意图。

有些西行船舶在过外伶仃岛之后，向左转向进入桂山锚地或外伶仃岛的大型船舶锚地抛锚，追越时要尤其谨慎，做到提前联系，取得对方同意后方可追越。

再往西船舶驶经东南报告线。

即以桂山引航锚地中心点(22°07′54″N/113°46′50″为圆心，半径10海里，从担杆水道(22°08′54.5″N/113°57′30″E)至东澳岛西南方附近水域(22°00′16″N/113°40′00″E)的圆弧线。

在实践中，我把他设为一个经度：即113度57分东经，船舶应当用VHF09频道向桂山交管报告自己的信息和动态。

进入大濠水道东南段的第四分隔带北侧通航分道，航向306度，转向进入前可把大鸦洲灯桩为参照，同时应注意从第四分隔带南侧出口东行的船船，进入第三警戒区时，将航路1号灯船(即我们习惯称的桂山灯船)置于左舷，靠警戒区右侧半圆航行进入第五分隔带东侧通航分道，航向348度，再经大濠水道北段驶往广州或珠江三角洲其他港口，通过第五分隔带北侧端部时，应将航路2号灯浮(红白竖条相间球形望板，装雷达反射器(3米标))置于左舷。

在第三警戒区航行时，应注意从第三分隔带东侧通航分道进口的船舶，以及
经第六分隔带、大屿山快速船分道两侧通航分道穿越第三警戒区的高速客船。

在由分流角驶入珠江水域的过程中，会与进入深圳的船舶航向形成交叉，此时应当确定会让意图，谨慎避让。

此外在渔汛期，还要注意在航道中穿越的拖网渔船。

·航运操作
分油机常见故障
1.分离筒达不到规定转速
原因：制动器未松开；摩擦离合器内混入油脂，摩擦片打滑或损坏；电动机或电气设备故障。

2.不能进油或分油过程断油
(1)由于泵或管路的问题不能产生足够低的吸入压力，油泵传动齿轮锥销折断；泵严重磨损，间隙太大；泵转速太
低；吸如管漏气；油柜已空。

(2) 泵吸入压力过低：油柜油位太低；供油泵前滤器堵塞或管路不通；油温太低，粘度太大。

3.出水口跑油
(1)水封水未能建立或受到破坏：起动时水封水未加或加得太少；进油阀开得太猛，水封被破坏；转速不足使水封压力不够；分离盘片间脏堵。

(2) 油水分界面外移至分离盘:外重力环内径过大；油未加热至要求值，密度大。

4.排渣口跑油：(排渣口未能封闭)
(1)滑动圈不能上移堵死密封水腔泄水口。

分离筒上小空堵塞不能泄水；滑动圈下方弹簧失效；滑动圈上方塑料堵头失严。

(2)滑动底盘下部缺密封水
高置水箱无水；工作水系统管道或控制阀堵塞或严重漏泄；滑动底盘周向密封圈失效漏泄。

(3)滑动底盘与分离筒盖不能贴紧
滑动底盘上端面密封环失效；传动齿轮和轴承过度磨损使立轴下沉。

5.不能排渣
缺少压下滑动圈的开启工作水：高置水箱无水；工作系统管道或控制阀堵塞或严重漏泄，有关工作水孔脏堵不通；滑动全周向密封失效。

6.出现异常振动或噪声
分离筒安装不正确，紧固件松动或与机盖，配水盘摩擦，传动机械因缺油或油质差而觉坏；轴承过度磨损而使立轴下沉，供油泵卡阻或损坏；摩擦离合器损坏或过度磨损，质量不均匀，排渣不净；分离筒内积渣不均。

提单操作
一、打制订舱单。

1. 订舱单用下货纸根据货主提供的委托单制作。

需要填制的项目有：SHIPPER、CONSIGNEE、NOTIFY 、POR、MARKS ＆NOS、QUANTITY、DESCRIPTION OF GOODS、GROSS WEIGHT IN KILOS、MEASUREMENT、TOTAL。

2. 打制完上述内容后，注明运输条款。

在订舱单的右上角打上代理人的电话、传真，并加盖代理人方章，送至配载的船公司。

二、收到货主正式单据后进行审单。

1.单证必须齐全。

货主必须提供的单据有：合同副本（售货确认书、形式发票）、正本装箱单至少一份、正本发票至少一份、正本出口收汇核销单，出口货物如需海关监管条件还必须提供相应证件。

2.如果货主提供的单据已缮制好，可以从以下方面审核：
A、合同、委托与装箱单、发票上显示的尺码、重量是否一致。

B、合同、委托与装箱单、发票上显示的金额以及币种是否一致（合同金额不小于发票金额）。

C、合同、委托与装箱单、发票上显示的发票号是否一致。

D、合同、委托与装箱单、发票上显示的合同号是否一致。

E、正本单据不许有任何涂改。

F、合同不能是手写，否则用打字机重新缮制。

3.如果货主提供的单据空白，可按下列项目缮制：
A、装箱单主要填制的内容为麦头、发票号码、合同号、装货港、卸货港、品名、规格、数量、毛重、净重。

B、发票主要填制的内容为唛头、合同号、发票号、装货港、卸货港、货物描述、数量、单价、总价。

三、转报关单据。

接到船公司集港通知后，取回下货纸。

在集港前一天下午3时前，电话同港务局货运科做集港计划，制下货小条（一式三联）。

A、转至报关行的单据有，装箱单、发票、合同、委托报关协议、报关单、下货纸、联系单（一式两联）、海关监管条件涉及的证件，上述单据各1份。

B、编号为1、2、3的单据必须由货主提供。

C、委托报关协议（副本也可以），用规定格式加盖出口单位公章，填上相应内容。

D、下货纸。

在前述订舱单的基础上，在相应的位置补充船名、航次、提单号，货物描述需用中文加以标识，报关只需提供装货单收货单留底联，每一联的右上角都应加盖代理人方章。

下货纸装货单应盖有该条船船代的签章。

E、联系单。

联系单是代理人与报关行联系的单据，上面列明代理人转给报关行何种单据及份数，将单据转至报关行前，应填好一式两联的联系单，单据转至报关行后，其中一联应有报关行相关人员的签字，以备存档。

F、合同、装箱单、发票、报关单、许可证、商检证转至报关行前应有留底。

四、确认提单。

A、缮制提单前应注意货主有无特殊要求，一般情况下，货主都会在委托中注明。

B、如要求在提单中显示“SHIPPED ON BOARD”签单时，应注意上、下签章(其中之一应签在SHIPPED ON BOARD 旁边)。

C、如果涉及倒签、预借，应事先与船公司确认好是否能接受，如果可以接受，应填制好保函传真给货主，让其加盖公章，返回后再由代理人提供给相关船公司。

贸易操作
租赁需办理的手续
一、以租赁方式引进设备，其报批手续同一般技改引进项目相同，需报请有关上级批准立项。

二、引进单位将上述批件或其复印本提交租赁公司，经审查同意后即可受理。

三、根据引进单位自行选择或上租的推荐，决定国外制造厂商，进行询价，组织技术洽谈和商务谈判，对金额较大或技术性很强的项目，组织赴国外考察，谈妥后，由上租同国外制造厂签订购货合同，并与承租人签订租赁合同。

四、设备价款由上租筹措外汇支付，设备由制造厂直接交货给承租人，在设备到货后，由承租单位在规定期限内分期以外汇偿付租金，因此在建立项目时承租单位应对按期支付的外汇金额做出妥善安排。

五、为保证租金的按期偿付，承租单位在提出租赁委托书的同时，应向上租提交其主管局（公司）或当地金融机构出具的经济保证书，担保承租单位按期偿付租金。

六、租赁期满，承租人依照合同规定的象征性价格，将设备购为己有。

海牙－维斯比规则（English）
Hague-Visby Rules
Article I
Definitions
In these Rules the following expressions have the meanings hereby a to them respectively, that is to say,
(a) "carrier" includes the owner or the charterer who enters in contract of carriage with a shipper;
(b) "contract of carriage" applies only to contracts of carriage by a bill of lading or any similar document of title, in so far document relates to the carriage of goods by water, including a of lading or any similar document as aforesaid issued under or p to a charter-party from the moment at which such bill of lading or document of title regulates the relations between a carrier and a of the same;
(c)"goods" includes goods, wares, merchandise and articles of eve whatsoever, except live animals and cargo which by the contract of c
is stated as being carried on deck and is so carried;
(d) "ship" means any vessel used for the carriage of goods by w
(e) "carriage of goods" covers the period from the time when th are loaded on to the time they are discharged from the ship. Article II
Risks
Subject to the provisions of Article VI, under every contract of c of goods by water the carrier, in relation to the loading, hand stowage, carriage, custody, care and discharge of such goods, s subject to the responsibilities and liabilities and entitled to the and immunities hereinafter set forth.
Article III
Responsibilities and Liabilities
1. The carrier shall be bound, before and at the beginning of the to exercise due diligence to
(a) make the ship seaworthy;
(b) properly man, equip and supply the ship;
? make the holds, refrigerating and cool chambers, and all othe of the ship in which goods are carried, fit and safe for their rec carriage and preservation.
2. Subject to the provisions of Article IV, the carrier shall p and carefully load, handle, stow, carry, keep, care for and discha goods carried.
3. After receiving the goods into his charge, the carrier, or the or agent of the carrier, shall, on demand of the shipper, issue shipper a bill of lading showing among other things
(a) the leading marks necessary for identification of the goods same are furnished in writing by the shipper before the loading goods starts, provided such marks are stamped or otherwise shown upon the goods if uncovered, or on the cases or coverings in whi goods are contained, in such a manner as should ordinarily remain until the end of the voyage;
(b) either the number of packages or pieces, or the quantity, or as the case may be, as furnished in writing by the shipper;
? the apparent order and condition of the goods:
Provided that no carrier, master or agent of the carrier shall b to state or show in the bill of lading any marks, number, quant weight which he has reasonable ground for suspecting not accura represent the goods actually received or which he has had no rea means of checking.
4. Such a bill of lading shall be prima facie evidence of the rec the carrier of the goods as therein described in accordance with par 3(a), (b) and ?.
However, proof to the contrary shall not be admissible when the lading has been transferred to a third party acting in good fai 5. The shipper shall be deemed to have guaranteed to the carrie accuracy at the time of shipment of the marks, number, quantity and as furnished by him, and the shipper shall indemnify the carrier all loss, damages and expenses arising or resulting from inaccura such particulars. The right of the carrier to such indemnity shal way limit his responsibility and liability under the contract of c to any person other than the shipper.
6. Unless notice of loss or damage and the general nature of su
or damage be given in writing to the carrier or his agent at the discharge before or at the time of the removal of the goods into the of the person entitled to delivery thereof under the contract of ca or, if the loss or damage be not apparent, within three days, such shall be prima facie evidence of the delivery by the carrier of th as described in the bill of lading.
The notice in writing need not be given if the state of the goods the time of their receipt been the subject of joint survey or insp Subject to paragraph 6bis the carrier and the ship shall in any e discharged from all liability whatsoever in respect of the goods, suit is brought within one year of their delivery or of the date wh should have been delivered. This period may, however, be extende parties so agree after the cause of action has arisen.
In the case of any actual or apprehended loss or damage the carr the receiver shall give all reasonable facilities to each other inspecting and tallying the goods.
6.bis An action for indemnity against a third person may be broug after the expiration of the year provided for in the preceding pa if brought within the time allowed by the law of the Court seized
case. However, the time allowed shall be not less than three mo commencing from the day when the person bringing such action for in has settled the claim or has been served with process in the action himself.
7. After the goods are loaded the bill of lading to be issued by the c master or agent of the carrier, to the shipper shall, if the shi demands, be a "shipped" bill of lading, provided that if the shippe have previously taken up any document of title to such goods, h surrender the same as against the issue of the "shipped" bill of but at the option of the carrier such document of title may be n the port of shipment by the carrier, master, or agent with the names of the ship or ships upon which the goods have been shipped date or dates of shipment, and when so noted the same shall for the of this Article be deemed to constitute a "shipped" bill of lad 8. Any clause, covenant or agreement in a contract of carriage re the carrier or the ship from liability for loss or damage to or connection with goods arising from negligence, fault or failure duties and obligations provided in this Article or lessening su liability otherwise than as provided in these Rules, shall be n void and of no effect.
A benefit of insurance or similar clause shall be deemed to be a relieving the carrier from liability.
Article IV
Rights and Immunities
1. Neither the carrier nor the ship shall be liable for loss or arising or resulting from unseaworthiness unless caused by want diligence on the part of the carrier to make the ship seaworthy, secure that the ship is properly manned, equipped and supplied, make the holds, refrigerating and cool chambers and all other p the ship in which goods are carried fit and safe for their rece carriage and preservation in accordance with the provisions of pa 1 of Article III.
Whenever loss or damage has resulted from unseaworthiness, the bu proving the exercise of due diligence shall be on the carrier o person claiming exemption under this article.
2. Neither the carrier nor the ship shall be responsible for loss o arising or resulting from
(a) act, neglect, or default of the master, mariner, pilot or the s
of the carrier in the navigation or in the management of the sh (b) fire, unless caused by the actual fault or privity of the c ? perils, dangers and accidents of the sea or other navigable w
(d) act of God;
(e) act of war;
(f) act of public enemies;
(g) arrest or restraint of princes, rulers or people, or seizur legal process;
(h) quarantine restrictions;
(I) act or omission of the shipper or owner of the goods, his a representative;
(j) strikes or lock-outs or stoppage or restraint of labour from w cause, whether partial or general;
(k) riots and civil commotions;
(l) saving or attempting to save life or property at sea; (m) wastage in bulk or weight or any other loss or damage arisi
inherent defect, quality or vice of the goods;
(n) insufficiency of packing;
(o) insufficiency or inadequacy of marks;
(p) latent defects not discoverable by due diligence;
(q) any other cause arising without the actual fault and privity carrier, or without the fault or neglect of the agents or servant carrier, but the burden of proof shall be on the person claiming the of this exception to show that neither the actual fault or privit carrier nor the fault or neglect of the agents or servants of the contributed to the loss or damage.
3. The shipper shall not be responsible for loss or damage susta the carrier or the ship arising or resulting from any cause with act, fault or neglect of the shipper, his agents or his servant
4. Any deviation in saving or attempting to save life or property or any reasonable deviation shall not be deemed to be an infringe breach of these Rules or of the contract of carriage, and the carrie not be liable for any loss or damage resulting therefrom.
5. (a) Unless the nature and value of such goods have been decl
the shipper before shipment and inserted in the bill of lading, the carrier nor the ship shall in any event be or become liable loss or damage to or in connection with the goods in an amount ex 666.67 units of account per package or unit or 2 units of accou kilogramme of gross weight of the goods lost or damaged, whicheve higher.
(b) The total amount recoverable shall be calculated by reference value of such goods at the place and time at which the goods are dis from the ship in accordance with the contract or should have be discharged.
The value of the goods shall be fixed according to the commodity e price, or, if there be no such price, according to the current marke or, if there be no commodity exchange price or current market pr reference to the normal value of goods of the same kind and qua ? Where a container, pallet or similar article of transport is consolidate goods, the number of packages or units enumerated in t of lading as packed in such article of transport shall be deemed the of packages or units for the purpose of this paragraph as far a packages or units are concerned. Except as aforesaid such artic
transport shall be considered the package or unit.
(d) The unit of account mentioned in this Article is the Special Right as defined by the International Monetary Fund. The amounts me in sub-paragraph (a) of this paragraph shall be converted into n currency on the basis of the value of that currency on the date determined by the law of the Court seized of the case. The value national currency, in terms of the Special Drawing Right, of a Stat is a member of the International Monetary Fund, shall be calcul accordance with the method of valuation applied by the Internat Monetary Fund in effect at the date in question for its operati transactions. The value of the national currency, in terms of the Drawing Right, of a State which is not a member of the Internat Monetary Fund, shall be calculated in a manner determined by that Nevertheless, a State which is not a member of the International M Fund and whose law does not permit the application of the provis the preceding sentences may, at the time of ratification of the P of 1979 or accession thereto or at any time thereafter, declare t limits of liability provided for in this Convention to be applied territory shall be fixed as follows:
(I) in respect of the amount of 666.67 units of account mention
sub-paragraph (a) of paragraph 5 of this Article, 10,000 monetary (ii) in respect of the amount of 2 units of account mentioned i sub-paragraph (a) of paragraph 5 of this Article, 30 monetary u The monetary unit referred to in the preceding sentence corresp 65.5 milligrammes of gold of millesimal fineness 900. The conver the amounts specified in that sentence into the national currenc be made according to the law of the State concerned. The calculat the conversion mentioned in the preceding sentences shall be made a manner as to express in the national currency of that State as possible the same real value for the amounts in sub-paragraph ( paragraph 5 of this Article as is expressed there in units of a States shall communicate to the depositary the manner of calcula the result of the conversion as the case may be, when depositin instrument of ratification of the Protocol of 1979 or of accession and whenever there is a change in either.
(e) Neither the carrier nor the ship shall be entitled to the ben the limitation of liability provided for in this paragraph if it is that the damage resulted from an act or omission of the carrier do intent to cause damage, or recklessly and with knowledge that damag
probably result.
(f) The declaration mentioned in sub-paragraph (a) of this paragr embodied in the bill of lading, shall be prima facie evidence, bu not be binding or conclusive on the carrier.
(g) By agreement between the carrier, master or agent of the carr the shipper other maximum amounts than those mentioned in sub-pa (a) of this paragraph may be fixed, provided that no maximum am fixed shall be less than the appropriate maximum mentioned in t sub-paragraph.
(h) Neither the carrier nor the ship shall be responsible in an for loss or damage to, or in connection with, goods if the nature o thereof has been knowingly mis-stated by the shipper in the bill of 6. Goods of an inflammable, explosive or dangerous nature to the s whereof the carrier, master or agent of the carrier has not con with knowledge of their nature and character, may at any time b discharge be landed at any place or destroyed or rendered innoc the carrier without compensation, and the shipper of such goods s liable for all damages and expenses directly or indirectly aris of or resulting from such shipment.
If any such goods shipped with such knowledge and consent shall a danger to the ship or cargo, they may in like manner be landed place or destroyed or rendered innocuous by the carrier without li on the part of the carrier except to general average, if any. Article Ivbis
Application of Defences and Limits of Liability
1. The defences and limits of liability provided for in these Rule apply in any action against the carrier in respect of loss or da goods covered by a contract of carriage whether the action be fou contract or in tort.
2. If such an action is brought against a servant or agent of the (such servant or agent not being an independent contractor), such or agent shall be entitled to avail himself of the defences and of liability which the carrier is entitled to invoke under these
3. The aggregate of the amounts recoverable from the carrier, a servants and agents, shall in no case exceed the limit provided these Rules.
4. Nevertheless, a servant or agent of the carrier shall not be e to avail himself of the provisions of this Article, if it is prov
the damage resulted from an act or omission of the servant or age with intent to cause damage or recklessly and with knowledge that would probably result.
Article V
Surrender of Rights and Immunities, and Increase of Responsibilit Liabilities
A carrier shall be at liberty to surrender in whole or in part all of his rights and immunities or to increase any of his responsib and liabilities under the Rules contained in any of these Artic provided such surrender or increase shall be embodied in the bill of issued to the shipper.
The provisions of these Rules shall not be applicable to charter-p but if bills of lading are issued in the case of a ship under a charte they shall comply with the terms of these Rules. Nothing in thes shall be held to prevent the insertion in a bill of lading of any provision regarding general average.
Article VI
Special Conditions。