英语句子成分讲宾语从句讲解
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一、考点、热点回顾
【句子成分】 在英文中句子成分包括:主语、谓语、宾语(直接宾语、间接宾语)、表语、定语和 状语、宾语补足语等。
(一) 主语:主语是谓语讲述对象,表示所说“是什么”或“是谁”。一般由名词、代词、 不定式或相当于名词词或短语来充当。它在句首。女口:
(1) Lucy is a beautiful nurse. (名词作主语)
(2) He reads newspapers every day.(代词作主语)
(3) Smoking is harmful to the health.(动名词作主语)
(4) To swim in Kunming Lake is a great pleasure.(不定式作主语)
(5) What we should do is not yet decided.(主语从句作主语)
(二) 谓语
说明主语“做什么” “是什么”或“怎么样”。谓语(谓语部分里主要词)憾须是动 凰。谓语和主语在人称和数两方面必须一致。它在主语后面。
如:His parents are teachers.
(系动词和表语一起作谓语)
We study hard. (行为动词作谓语)
We don' t finish reading the book. (助动词和行为动词一起作谓语) He can speak English.
(情态动词和行为动词一起作谓语) (三)宾语
宾语是动作、行为对象,由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词词、短语来担任,它 和与物动词一起说明主语做什么。一般放在谓语之后。
She is doing her homework now.(名词作宾语)
She says (that ) she is ill.(宾语从句作动词宾语)
We often help him.(代词作宾语)
He likes to play basketball.(不定式作宾语)
We enjoy listening to the music.我们喜欢听音乐。(动名词短语作宾语)
说明1:宾语是与物动词涉与到人或物,宾语一般放在与物动词之后。介词后面名 词或代词或动名词,称为介词宾语。名词、代词、数词常在句中做动词宾语或介词宾语。 另外,动词不定式可作动词宾语;动名词和宾语从句也可用作动词宾语。
说明2:与物动词作谓语时,后面要跟宾语。宾语分直接宾语和间接宾语。直接宾 语是与物动词直接对象,直接宾语甌,间接宾语通常是与物动词动作所与人,间接宾 间接宾语一般放在直接宾语之前。
不是所有与物动词都可以用双宾语。有动词可以跟。女口: give, show (给 句子成分与基本句型
看),
bring, pass, buy 等。女口:(1) Our teacher tells us a story.
(2)The sun gives us light.
间接宾语如果放在直接宾语之后,在表示“人”间接宾语之前会出现介词I “to”或
间接宾语前加“to”有:
give, show, send, bring, read, pass, lend, leave, hand, tell, return, write, throw, promise (答应),refuse (拒绝)等。
间接宾语加a ior n有:
make, buy, do, get, play, order (命令),sing, p忍y 等
(1)__________________________________________________________ I give him
a book・改成: _________________________________________________
(2)He passes me the book.
(他将书递给我。)改成:__________________ (3)__________________________________________________________ He writes me a letter. 改成:____________________________________________
(4)He will buy me some books・ ______ 改成:
(5)_______________________________________________________________ She is making me a cake・改成:_____________________________________________
(四)宾语补足语
在宾语后面补充说明宾语动作、状态、特征成分,称为宾语补足语。名词、形容词、副词、介词短语以与动词不定式、分词等可用作宾语补足语。宾语和宾语补足语称为复合宾语。
女口: They make her happy.(形容词)
I see her dance.(不定式)
We J 11 help you to make the Olympics a success・(名词)Please let him
in.(副词)
We heard her singing a song・(分词短语)
伍)表语
表语说明主语“是什么”或者“怎么样”,由名词、形容词、副词、介词、不定式与相当于名词或形容词或短语来担任。它位置在系动词后面。
女口: I am a teacher・(名词)
He is always happy.(形容词)
They are on the playground now・(介词短语)
It gets cold.(形容词)
r Ee 动词(am, is, are, was, were)
系动词
<表保持(keep, stay, remain)表改变(get, become, turn)
感官动词(feel, sound, seem/look (看起来),taste (尝起来),smell (闻起来))如:It sounds interesting, (sound 为系动词,interesting 为表语)
We should all remain careful. Remain (为系动词,careful 为表语)
(六)定语
定语是用来修饰名词或代词。形容词、代词、数词、名词、介词短语・不定式或相当于形容词词或短语等。
单个词作定语时,通常放在它所修饰名词之前。
如:The black bike is mine.(形容词)
What J s your name?(代词)
They make paper flowers・(名词)
说明1:当定语修饰不定代词:nothing, anything, everything, something等时,定语在不定代词后面。如:I tell him something interesting.(形容词interesting 作不定代词something后置定语)
He has something to do. (to do为不定式作后置定语)
说明2:憾语或从句|作定语时,也放在被修饰名词之后。
如:The boys in the room are in Class Four・(in the room 是介词短语作the boys后置定语。)
(七)状语
修饰动词、形容词、副词。一般表示行为发生时间、地点、目、方式、程度等意义, 一般由副词、介词短语、不定式或相当于副词词或短语来表示。状语一般放在句末,但有可以放在句首、句中。
如:He did it carefully・(副词)
We often help him.(副词)
Her mother goes out to do some shopping on Sunday・(介词短语)
When I grow up, I am going to be a teacher.(从句作时间状语)
He sits there.(副词地点状语)
【简单句五种基本句型】
A.主语+不与物动词(主谓)