高三英语一轮复习语法专题：(浙江)定语从句
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2.Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius， ________ lived from roughly 551 to 479 BC，influenced the development of chopsticks.(2016·全国Ⅲ，47)
规 则 ❸ 当 先 行 词 为 一 些 表 示 抽 象 地 点 的 名 词 ， 如 ： point ， situation，case，stage等，如果引导词在从句中作状语，常用关系 副 词 where 引 导 定 语 从 句 ； 如 果 不 作 状 语 ， 则 用 关 系 代 词 that/which。 They have reached the point where they have to separate with each other. 他们已经到了彼此必须分手的地步。
定语从句
[感 悟 高 考]
单句语法填空
1.My connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s ， ________ I was the first Western TV reporter.(2016·全国Ⅰ，65)
考点二 用which而不用that引导的定语从句 规则❶ which可引导非限制性定语从句，that则不能。 He had failed in the maths exam，which made his father very angry. 他没通过数学考试，这令他父亲很生气。 规则❷ 在介词提前的定语从句中，只用which而不用that引导。 This is the place in which Lu Xun used to live. 这是鲁迅曾住过的地方。 规则❸ which用作定语时。 He may be late，in which case we ought to wait for him. 他也许会迟到，那样的话，我们应该等他。
the weather may be better.
5.China Today attracts a worldwide readership，________ shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China.
规则❷ “复合介词短语＋关系代词”引导的定语从句，常与先 行词用逗号隔开，定语从句常用倒装语序。 He lived in a big house，in front of which stood a big tall tree. 他住在一个大房子里，房子的前面有一棵大树。
考点五 as，which引导的定语从句 规则❶ as作关系代词用来引导非限制性定语从句，意为“正 如，正像”，as引导的句子可放在句首、句末或句中。 As we all know，smoking is bad for our health. 众所周知，抽烟有害健康。 规则❷ which引导非限制性定语从句代指前面整句话内容时 只能位于句末，意为“这，这一点”。 Li Ming was late，which made Mr Zhang very angry. 李明迟到了，这让张老师很生气。
规则❷ 先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰或先行词本身是序 数词。 What is the first American film that you have seen? 你看过的第一部美国电影是什么？ 规则❸ 先行词中既有人也有物。 He talked about the people and the place that he had visited in that country. 他谈到了他在那个国家所见到的人和所参观的地方。
[正 误 探 究]
1.【误】A lot of language learning，which has been discovered，is happening in the first year of life，so parents should talk much to their children during that period. 【正】A lot of language learning，as has been discovered，is happening in the first year of life，so parents should talk much to their children during that period. 【探究】本题考查非限制性定语从句。关系代词指整个一句话 A lot of language learning is happening in the first year of life。as 用在句首，which用在句末，正确答案应该是as。
【点拨】定语从句和强调句糅合在一起考查，是对定语从句的 一种考查方式，解决问题的关键是找准句子的主干意思，即找 到强调句型的填充处。
易错点2 由分隔问题而导致的错误 The days are gone ________ physical strength was all you needed to make a living. 误填 that/which 答案 when [句意：仅靠体力能谋生的时代一去不复返了。 先行词为days，将其带入空格后的定语从句中可知该先行词作 状语，表时间，相当于in which，故用关系副词when。]
考点三 关系副词引导的定语从句 规则❶ 关系副词when，where，why的先行词是表示时间、地 点或原因(一般为reason)的名词，在从句中作状语。有时可用 “介词＋which”结构替换。 I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing. 我还记得我第一次来北京的那天。 规则❷ 当定语从句中缺少主语或宾语时，即使先行词是表示 时间、地点和原因的词仍用which/that。 Is this the reason(that) he explained for his rudeness at the meeting? 这是他在会议上解释的无礼的原因吗？
3.I’d skipped nearby Guilin，a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River ________ are pictured by artists in so many Chinese paintings.(2015·全国Ⅰ， 64)
noise. 3.Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings
cry tears，none of ________ has been proved. 4.We will put off the picnic in the park until next week，________
规则❸ as常用在下列习惯用语中。 as (it) often happens，as I remember，as is often the case，as is expected，as is known to us，as is shown等。 He shouts when he gets angry，as is often the case. 他生气时就大叫，这是常有的情形。
【点拨】分隔式定语从句的难点在于如何准确找到先行词，一 旦找准先行词，确定关系代词或关系副词就很容1.Many young people，most of ________ were well-educated，
headed for remote regions to chase their dreams. 2.I live next door to a couple ________ children often make a lot of
答案 1.when 2.who 3.that/which
[考 点 清 单]
考点一 下列情况只用that不用which 规 则 ❶ 先 行 词 是 all ， something ， everything ， anything ， nothing ， little ， much ， few 等 不 定 代 词 或 先 行 词 被 all ， any ， every，no，little，much，some等词修饰。 Do you have anything that you want to say for yourself? 你还有想要为你自己说的事情吗？
[易 错 防 范]
易错点1 定语从句与强调句的判断 It was in the small house ________ was built with stones by his father ________ he spent his childhood. 误填 where；who 答案 which；that [考查定语从句和强调句。句意：他是在他 父亲用石头建造的那座小房子里度过了他的童年。前一空中 which引导一个定语从句，修饰前面的house；后一空是一个强 调句。判断句子是否为强调句，只要将强调句型中的It is/was， that/who去掉句子意思完整，这就是强调句型。]
8.Please send us all the information ________ you have about the candidate for the position.
9.Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon ________ school education depends.
考点四 “介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句 规则❶ 若介词放在关系代词之前，关系代词指人时常用 whom，指物时常用which。另外，whose也可以放在介词后， 即“介词＋whose＋名词”结构。 Trading leather shoes is the business to which the Greens are devoted. 皮鞋生意是格林一家所致力于的事业。 I wish to thank Professor Smith，without whose help I would never have got this far. 我希望感谢史密斯教授，没有他的帮助，我永远不会走这么 远。
6.Until now，we have raised 50，000 pounds for the poor children， ________ is quite unexpected.
7.As the smallest child of his family，Alex is always longing for the time ________ he should be able to be independent.
2.【误】The travelers who knew about the floods took another road. 【正】The travelers,who knew about the floods took another road. 【探究】句意：旅客们知道道路被淹都改道走了。误句是限制性 定语从句，意为“只有那些知道道路被淹的旅客改道走了”，而 那些不知道这一情况的旅客仍走现已被淹的道路，显然与原意不 符，应改为非限制性定语从句，这样一来，对前面的名词没有起 任何限制作用。务必注意限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句在 意思上的区别，而区别的关键就是逗号。
规 则 ❸ 当 先 行 词 为 一 些 表 示 抽 象 地 点 的 名 词 ， 如 ： point ， situation，case，stage等，如果引导词在从句中作状语，常用关系 副 词 where 引 导 定 语 从 句 ； 如 果 不 作 状 语 ， 则 用 关 系 代 词 that/which。 They have reached the point where they have to separate with each other. 他们已经到了彼此必须分手的地步。
定语从句
[感 悟 高 考]
单句语法填空
1.My connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s ， ________ I was the first Western TV reporter.(2016·全国Ⅰ，65)
考点二 用which而不用that引导的定语从句 规则❶ which可引导非限制性定语从句，that则不能。 He had failed in the maths exam，which made his father very angry. 他没通过数学考试，这令他父亲很生气。 规则❷ 在介词提前的定语从句中，只用which而不用that引导。 This is the place in which Lu Xun used to live. 这是鲁迅曾住过的地方。 规则❸ which用作定语时。 He may be late，in which case we ought to wait for him. 他也许会迟到，那样的话，我们应该等他。
the weather may be better.
5.China Today attracts a worldwide readership，________ shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China.
规则❷ “复合介词短语＋关系代词”引导的定语从句，常与先 行词用逗号隔开，定语从句常用倒装语序。 He lived in a big house，in front of which stood a big tall tree. 他住在一个大房子里，房子的前面有一棵大树。
考点五 as，which引导的定语从句 规则❶ as作关系代词用来引导非限制性定语从句，意为“正 如，正像”，as引导的句子可放在句首、句末或句中。 As we all know，smoking is bad for our health. 众所周知，抽烟有害健康。 规则❷ which引导非限制性定语从句代指前面整句话内容时 只能位于句末，意为“这，这一点”。 Li Ming was late，which made Mr Zhang very angry. 李明迟到了，这让张老师很生气。
规则❷ 先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰或先行词本身是序 数词。 What is the first American film that you have seen? 你看过的第一部美国电影是什么？ 规则❸ 先行词中既有人也有物。 He talked about the people and the place that he had visited in that country. 他谈到了他在那个国家所见到的人和所参观的地方。
[正 误 探 究]
1.【误】A lot of language learning，which has been discovered，is happening in the first year of life，so parents should talk much to their children during that period. 【正】A lot of language learning，as has been discovered，is happening in the first year of life，so parents should talk much to their children during that period. 【探究】本题考查非限制性定语从句。关系代词指整个一句话 A lot of language learning is happening in the first year of life。as 用在句首，which用在句末，正确答案应该是as。
【点拨】定语从句和强调句糅合在一起考查，是对定语从句的 一种考查方式，解决问题的关键是找准句子的主干意思，即找 到强调句型的填充处。
易错点2 由分隔问题而导致的错误 The days are gone ________ physical strength was all you needed to make a living. 误填 that/which 答案 when [句意：仅靠体力能谋生的时代一去不复返了。 先行词为days，将其带入空格后的定语从句中可知该先行词作 状语，表时间，相当于in which，故用关系副词when。]
考点三 关系副词引导的定语从句 规则❶ 关系副词when，where，why的先行词是表示时间、地 点或原因(一般为reason)的名词，在从句中作状语。有时可用 “介词＋which”结构替换。 I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing. 我还记得我第一次来北京的那天。 规则❷ 当定语从句中缺少主语或宾语时，即使先行词是表示 时间、地点和原因的词仍用which/that。 Is this the reason(that) he explained for his rudeness at the meeting? 这是他在会议上解释的无礼的原因吗？
3.I’d skipped nearby Guilin，a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River ________ are pictured by artists in so many Chinese paintings.(2015·全国Ⅰ， 64)
noise. 3.Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings
cry tears，none of ________ has been proved. 4.We will put off the picnic in the park until next week，________
规则❸ as常用在下列习惯用语中。 as (it) often happens，as I remember，as is often the case，as is expected，as is known to us，as is shown等。 He shouts when he gets angry，as is often the case. 他生气时就大叫，这是常有的情形。
【点拨】分隔式定语从句的难点在于如何准确找到先行词，一 旦找准先行词，确定关系代词或关系副词就很容1.Many young people，most of ________ were well-educated，
headed for remote regions to chase their dreams. 2.I live next door to a couple ________ children often make a lot of
答案 1.when 2.who 3.that/which
[考 点 清 单]
考点一 下列情况只用that不用which 规 则 ❶ 先 行 词 是 all ， something ， everything ， anything ， nothing ， little ， much ， few 等 不 定 代 词 或 先 行 词 被 all ， any ， every，no，little，much，some等词修饰。 Do you have anything that you want to say for yourself? 你还有想要为你自己说的事情吗？
[易 错 防 范]
易错点1 定语从句与强调句的判断 It was in the small house ________ was built with stones by his father ________ he spent his childhood. 误填 where；who 答案 which；that [考查定语从句和强调句。句意：他是在他 父亲用石头建造的那座小房子里度过了他的童年。前一空中 which引导一个定语从句，修饰前面的house；后一空是一个强 调句。判断句子是否为强调句，只要将强调句型中的It is/was， that/who去掉句子意思完整，这就是强调句型。]
8.Please send us all the information ________ you have about the candidate for the position.
9.Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon ________ school education depends.
考点四 “介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句 规则❶ 若介词放在关系代词之前，关系代词指人时常用 whom，指物时常用which。另外，whose也可以放在介词后， 即“介词＋whose＋名词”结构。 Trading leather shoes is the business to which the Greens are devoted. 皮鞋生意是格林一家所致力于的事业。 I wish to thank Professor Smith，without whose help I would never have got this far. 我希望感谢史密斯教授，没有他的帮助，我永远不会走这么 远。
6.Until now，we have raised 50，000 pounds for the poor children， ________ is quite unexpected.
7.As the smallest child of his family，Alex is always longing for the time ________ he should be able to be independent.
2.【误】The travelers who knew about the floods took another road. 【正】The travelers,who knew about the floods took another road. 【探究】句意：旅客们知道道路被淹都改道走了。误句是限制性 定语从句，意为“只有那些知道道路被淹的旅客改道走了”，而 那些不知道这一情况的旅客仍走现已被淹的道路，显然与原意不 符，应改为非限制性定语从句，这样一来，对前面的名词没有起 任何限制作用。务必注意限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句在 意思上的区别，而区别的关键就是逗号。