恶性肿瘤流行病学研究方法

恶性肿瘤流行病学研究方法

Department of Epidemiology Public Health College of Harbin Medical University 恶性

肿瘤流行病学 Epidemiology of Cancer 哈尔滨医科大学流行病学教研室Department

of epidemiology ，Harbin Medical University Department of Epidemiology Public Health College of Harbin Medical University 现况(Status) 恶性肿瘤Cancer是一组

严重威胁人类健康的疾病，由100多种不同部位肿瘤组成。近年来，恶性肿瘤的总体

发病情况在世界各国多呈上升趋势，但其中个别癌种在部分国家和人群中有所下降。

估计到2015年，全世界肿瘤死亡者可达900万，发病者可达1500万，其中三分之二将

发生在发展中国家。 In 2015:15x106 people suffer from cancer 2/3 in developing country Motility will reach to 9x106 Department of Epidemiology Public Health College of Harbin Medical University概述Introduction恶性肿瘤流行病学研究方法Study

method of epidemiology全球恶性肿瘤流行状况Prevelence states Department of

Epidemiology Public Health College of Harbin Medical University我国主要恶性肿瘤流

行状况Cancer prevelence of China恶性肿瘤的危险因素Risk factors of cancer恶性肿瘤

的预防Prevention of cancer Department of Epidemiology Public Health College of Harbin Medical University 概念 Concept 恶性肿瘤流行病学主要研究恶性肿瘤在人

群的分布及其影响因素，探索病因，制定相应的防治措施并对这些措施加以评价。

Department of Epidemiology Public Health College of Harbin Medical University Definition1 Cancer epidemiology is the study of the pattern of cancer in populations.2 Its essential aim is to identify causes of cancer including preventable avoidable causes and inherited tumor susceptibility. Department of Epidemiology Public Health College of Harbin Medical University3 It is also play an critical role in many other areas of cancer research including evaluation of screening effects cancer prevention and control4 Current studies directions includes molecular and genetic epidemiology of cancer. Department of 述 Epidemiology Public Health College of Harbin Medical University

第一节概

Introduction一、基本概念肿瘤是指生长于某种器官但却与该靶器官不相

协调的组

织团块的异常增生。 Department of EpidemiologyPublic Health College

of Harbin Medical University Department of Epidemiology Public Health College of Harbin Medical University 1.恶性肿瘤的病理学特点 Pathological Features 1)细胞cell: 肿瘤

细胞与正常细胞的区别在于肿瘤细胞分化功differentiation降低或丧失，分化程度

降低是恶性肿瘤的个性特征，称为间变。 Department of Epidemiology Public Health

College of Harbin Medical UniversityMolecular pathologic Technologyand immune chemistry methods 分子病理学技术包括免疫组化和DNA 检测技术的发展促进了肿

瘤临床治疗、预防和病因学研究的发展。免疫组化方法通过对荧光标记的肿瘤特异

性抗原抗体结合物的测定来进行肿瘤分类，区分原发或转移性肿瘤，检测肿瘤临床

特征和预后生物标记等。如p53蛋白的过度表达可以提示肿瘤的多耐药特性。DNA

Technique DNA检测技术的发展也促进了癌症基因诊断技术的发展，目前已有可能

通过检测外周血或组织中的特异性基因来诊断某些癌症 2)生物标志(Biomarker)

指的是能代表生物结构和功能的可识别物质，对生物标志的测量可发现机体在遗传、

细胞和分子水平发生的改变。 Department of Epidemiology Public Health College of Harbin Medical University 3)肿瘤的病理分期和分级classification 国际抗癌联盟根据

原发肿瘤的大小及范围(T)，局部淋巴结(N)受累情况以及肿瘤转移情况(M)