基于单片机控制的太阳能充电器设计

基于单片机控制的太阳能充电器设计

摘要

在污染和能源口趋紧张的背景下，太阳能作为一种新型的绿色可再生能源，具有储量大、利用经济、清洁环保等优点。因此，太阳能的利用越来越受到人们的重视。本文试图设计一种切实可行的太阳能充电控制器，通过对蓄电池充电，满足小功率的用户需求。

本文重点研究了用AT89S52实现太阳能充电控制技术。详细介绍了100瓦太阳能电池板向12伏蓄电池充电的太阳能控制器硬件系统，包括系统的硬件电路设计、各部分电路的功能、工作原理和电子元器件型号的选取。硬件系统由直流稳压电源电路，A/D实现对蓄电池端电压的动态监测及转换、AT89S52控制以及输出继电器开关电路四个部分组成，完成了整个太阳能充电控制器电路原理图的设计和制作。用PROTEUS仿真软件进行了电路仿真，并且制作了相应的电路板。但是由于时间关系，没能完成实物的实验测试。

本文还对太阳能电池的结构原理、太阳能电池板的伏安特性、常用的铅酸蓄电池原理及工作情况作了详细介绍，并在此基础上介绍常用的蓄电池充电方法。

关键词：太阳能；蓄电池；充电控制；AT89S52；ADC0809

ABSTRACT

Against the background of energy shortage and its pollution, solar energy as a new kind of energy has a lot of advantages such as large reserves, economic, cleanliness and so on. So, people begin to pay more attention to the use of solar energy. The paper designs a feasible solar energy charging controller and storage batteries are charged to meet the needs of low-power users.

This article focuses on the use of single-chip realization of solar charge control technology. 100-watt solar panels to 12-volt solar battery charge controller hardware system is detailed, including system hardware circuit design, the various parts of the circuit functions, working principles and models of selected electronic components. Hardware system is composed of four parts, which are DC regulated power supply circuit, A / D to achieve on the battery terminal voltage of the dynamic monitoring and conversion, AT89S52 relay control and output switching circuit. And finish the entire solar charge controller circuit schematic design and production. PROTEUS simulation with circuit simulation software was accomplished, and a corresponding circuit board was produced. However, due to time constraints, failed to complete the kind of experimental test.

In this paper, also the structure of the principle of solar cells, solar panels of the Volta metric characteristics of lead-acid batteries commonly used in the work of principle was detailed, and the basis of methods commonly used on rechargeable batteries was introduced.

Key words: solar; battery; charge control; AT89S52; ADC0809

目录

摘要 (i)

ABSTRACT (ii)

1 绪论 (1)

1.1 课题研究背景 (1)

1.1.1 当前面临的能源和环境问题 (1)

1.1.2 太阳能的开发和利用 (2)

1.1.3 光伏发电的特点 (3)

1.2 蓄电池充电系统 (3)

1.2.1充电器的发展及其简单的类型 (3)

1.2.2 太阳能充电器 (4)

1.3 本课题研究的主要内容 (5)

2 太阳能电池的研究和分析 (6)

2.1 太阳能电池的原理 (6)

2.2 太阳能电池的分类 (6)

2.3 太阳能电池的等效电路 (7)

2.4 太阳能电池板的输出特性及影响因素 (8)

2.4.1光伏电池的主要参数 (8)

2.4.2太阳的光照强度对光伏电池转换效率的影响 (10)

2.4.3 温度对光伏电池输出特性的影响 (10)

2.4.4 本系统所采用的光伏电池 (11)

2.5 本章小结 (12)

3 蓄电池 (13)

3.1 蓄电池的概念及其一般特性 (13)

3.1.1 电池的定义 (13)

3.1.2 主要参数指标 (13)

3.1.3 充放电特性 (15)

3.2 铅酸蓄电池 (16)

3.2.1 铅酸蓄电池的电极反应 (17)

3.2.2 铅酸蓄电池的充放电特性 (18)

3.3 太阳能----蓄电池充电技术研究 (20)

3.3.1 恒流充电 (20)

3.3.2 恒压充电 (21)

3.3.3 恒压限流充电 (22)

3.3.4 两阶段、三阶段充电 (22)

3.3.5 快速充电 (22)

3.3.6 智能充电 (23)

3.4 本章小结 (23)

4 太阳能充电控制器的研究及设计 (24)

4.1太阳能充电器原理 (24)

4.1.1 主控芯片的设计 (24)