香港中文大学物理系暑期夏令营.1
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George Orwell, “Politics of Language”
❖Clarity ❖Objective
•Impersonal, usually formal ❖Unity
•Focus on one topic only ❖Coherence
•Achieved by consistent use of terms
Page 2
Purposes of Academic Writing
❖Advance knowledge in a particular field ❖Replication ❖Rational inquiry ❖Ways to verify scholars’ claims ❖Scientific method (techniques for investigating phenomena) ❖Develop, test theories on how the world works
Personal Writing
Academic Writing
Tells personal experience Comments, evaluates, analyses
Non-technical vocabulary
Subject-specific vocabulary
‘I’ at the centre
A) The inequity in the distribution of wealth in Australia is yet another indicator of Australia's lack of egalitarianism. In 1995, 20% of the Australian population owned 72.2% of Australia's wealth with the top 50% owning 92.1% (Raskall, 1998: 287). Such a significant skew in the distribution of wealth indicates that, at least in terms of economics, there is an established class system in Australia.
Source: http://coe.unm.edu/Portals/30/Files/presentations/Academic%20Writing%20blitz%20fall%2009.ppt
Page 3
Differences Between Academic and Personal Writing
McGregor (1988) argues that Australian society can be categorized into three levels: the Upper, Middle and Working classes.
Source: http://coe.unm.edu/Portals/30/Files/presentations/Academic%20Writing%20blitz%20fall%2009.ppt
Source: http://coe.unm.edu/Portals/30/Files/presentations/Academic%20Writing%20blitz%20fall%2009.ppt
Page 6
源自文库
Formal vs. Informal Style
http://unilearning.uow.edu.au/main.html
Page 7
Formal vs. Informal Style
http://unilearning.uow.edu.au/main.html
B) Because only a few people have most of the money and power in Australia, I conclude that it is not an equal society. Society has an Upper, Middle and Lower class and I think that most people when they are born into one class, end up staying in that class for their whole lives. When all three classes are looked at more closely, other things such as the differences between the sexes and people's racial backgrounds also add to the unequal nature of Australian society.
Free form of writing
Follow conventions for citations
Adapted from Crème P & Lea M, Writing at University, Buckingham, OUP, 1997, p. 105
Page 4
Types of Academic Writing
Academic Writing for Science Students
Page 1
Approaching Academic Writing
• Who are you writing for? • What are you trying to say? • How are you going to say it effectively?
❖Essays ❖Laboratory reports ❖Research proposals ❖Personal statements ❖Presentations ❖Reflective journals
Page 5
Characteristics of academic writing
Never use a long word where a short one will suffice. If it is possible to cut a word out, always cut it out.
‘I’ as observer and commentator
Information comes from the Information comes from sources
writer’s experience
and references
Personal views and feelings
Evidence and arguments
❖Clarity ❖Objective
•Impersonal, usually formal ❖Unity
•Focus on one topic only ❖Coherence
•Achieved by consistent use of terms
Page 2
Purposes of Academic Writing
❖Advance knowledge in a particular field ❖Replication ❖Rational inquiry ❖Ways to verify scholars’ claims ❖Scientific method (techniques for investigating phenomena) ❖Develop, test theories on how the world works
Personal Writing
Academic Writing
Tells personal experience Comments, evaluates, analyses
Non-technical vocabulary
Subject-specific vocabulary
‘I’ at the centre
A) The inequity in the distribution of wealth in Australia is yet another indicator of Australia's lack of egalitarianism. In 1995, 20% of the Australian population owned 72.2% of Australia's wealth with the top 50% owning 92.1% (Raskall, 1998: 287). Such a significant skew in the distribution of wealth indicates that, at least in terms of economics, there is an established class system in Australia.
Source: http://coe.unm.edu/Portals/30/Files/presentations/Academic%20Writing%20blitz%20fall%2009.ppt
Page 3
Differences Between Academic and Personal Writing
McGregor (1988) argues that Australian society can be categorized into three levels: the Upper, Middle and Working classes.
Source: http://coe.unm.edu/Portals/30/Files/presentations/Academic%20Writing%20blitz%20fall%2009.ppt
Source: http://coe.unm.edu/Portals/30/Files/presentations/Academic%20Writing%20blitz%20fall%2009.ppt
Page 6
源自文库
Formal vs. Informal Style
http://unilearning.uow.edu.au/main.html
Page 7
Formal vs. Informal Style
http://unilearning.uow.edu.au/main.html
B) Because only a few people have most of the money and power in Australia, I conclude that it is not an equal society. Society has an Upper, Middle and Lower class and I think that most people when they are born into one class, end up staying in that class for their whole lives. When all three classes are looked at more closely, other things such as the differences between the sexes and people's racial backgrounds also add to the unequal nature of Australian society.
Free form of writing
Follow conventions for citations
Adapted from Crème P & Lea M, Writing at University, Buckingham, OUP, 1997, p. 105
Page 4
Types of Academic Writing
Academic Writing for Science Students
Page 1
Approaching Academic Writing
• Who are you writing for? • What are you trying to say? • How are you going to say it effectively?
❖Essays ❖Laboratory reports ❖Research proposals ❖Personal statements ❖Presentations ❖Reflective journals
Page 5
Characteristics of academic writing
Never use a long word where a short one will suffice. If it is possible to cut a word out, always cut it out.
‘I’ as observer and commentator
Information comes from the Information comes from sources
writer’s experience
and references
Personal views and feelings
Evidence and arguments