2019年生物中考题最新修正版

2019年生物中考题最新修正版
2019年生物中考题最新修正版

2010年广东省东莞市初中二年级(八年级)学业考试

生物

1.洋葱内表皮细胞没有的结构是

A.细胞壁 B.细胞质

C.细胞核 D.叶绿体

2.下图表示细胞分裂的不同时期,正确的分裂顺序是

A.①②③ B.①③② C.②③① D.②①③

3.胃的蠕动能促进胃液与食物的混合,与此功能有关的主要组织是

A.上皮组织 B.肌肉组织 C.神经组织 D.结缔组织

4.下列关于病毒的叙述,不.正确的是

A.可以利用病毒达到转基因的目的

B.个体微小,要用光学显微镜才能看见

C.只有寄生在活细胞中,才能体现生命活动

D.结构简单,由蛋白质外壳和内部遗传物质组成

5.下图是光学显微镜的4个镜头,甲、乙一端无螺纹,丙、丁有螺纹。若要在视野内看到

最多的细胞,宜选用的镜头组合是

A.甲和丁

B.乙和丁

C.甲和丙

D.乙和丙

6.下列属于生物的是

A.长蘑菇的朽木 B.咸鸭蛋 C.玉米 D.电脑病毒

7.今年上半年,我国西南地区遭受了历年罕见的特大旱灾,造成农作物大面积减产。这说明影响农作物生长发育的环境因素之一是

A.阳光 B.空气 C.水分 D.温度

8.右图为淡水生态系统的一条食物链,若浮游植物受到难以分解的农药

DDT污染,则大鱼体内将积累大量的农药DDT。下列叙述错误

..的是

A.生态系统中的物质和能量是沿着食物链流动的

B.环境会对生物造成影响

C.生物与生物之间相互影响

D.各生态系统之间互不影响

9.如果一个处于稳定状态的生态系统中的四种生物构成食物链的关系,在某一时间内它们的相对数量关系如下图所示。若乙的数量增加,在一段时

间内会引起

A.丙、丁的数量增加,甲的数量下降

B.甲、丁的数量增加,丙的数量下降

C.甲、丙的数量增加,丁的数量下降

D.甲、丙、丁的数量都增加

10.下表为某同学探究“温度对鼠妇生活的影响”的实验设计,但还不完善,对其修改正确

A.左右两侧应分别为湿土和干土 B.左右两侧都应该保持20℃

C.左右两侧都应该保持阴暗环境 D.左右两侧的鼠妇数量可以不同

11.若1个豌豆的豆荚(果实)中有5颗种子,对该果实的发育分析正确的是

A.由1个子房1个胚珠发育而来 B.由1个子房5个胚珠发育而来

C.由5个子房1个胚珠发育而来 D.由5个子房5个胚珠发育而来

12.右图是植物根尖结构图,植物吸收水和无机盐的主要部位是

A.① B.②

C.③ D.④

13.绿色植物进行光合作用制造有机物的主要器官是

A.叶片 B.根 C.叶绿体 D.线粒体

14.下图所示为一个封闭透明的生态瓶,该瓶放在有光的地方,3天后小鱼仍能正常生活,最关键的原因是

A.水草能制造氧气

B.水草能制造有机物

C.水草能吸收二氧化碳

D.水草能提供充足的食物

15.“低碳经济”是全球可持续发展的共同主题。提倡“无纸化”办公,公文、通知、宣传单等主要以电子邮件的形式传送,不再以纸质的形式下发,其生态学意义在于

A.节省办公经费 B.减少垃圾 C.实现现代化 D.保护森林16.在探究种子萌发所需要的条件时,在四个玻璃瓶中分别放人适量的纸巾,上面各撒100

本实验能证实种子萌发需要:①阳光②充足的空气③一定的水分④适宜的温度 A .①② B .③④ C .②③④ D .①②③

17.下图为“绿叶在光下制造有机物"实验的处理及结果示意图,对此分析错误..

的是 A .说明叶片制造的有机物是淀粉 B .说明叶片制造有机物需要光 C .说明叶片进行光合作用放出了氧气 D .对叶片进行部分遮光的目的是进行对照 18.绿色植物吸收光能,养育了地球上的其他

生物。这句话可以用“太阳能—→植物体内有机物的能量—→动物体内有机物的能量

—→生命活动所需的能量"来解释。对①②③的说明,正确的是

A .①表示光合作用,②表示呼吸作用

B .①表示吸收作用,②表示光合作用

C .②表示蒸腾作用,③表示消化与吸收

D .②表示消化与吸收,③表示呼吸作用 19.细菌和真菌都具有的特征是

A .有成形的细胞核

B .有细胞结构

C .进行分裂生殖

D .进行孢子生殖 20.小肠绒毛所起的主要作用是 A .减缓食物通过小肠的速度

B .增加吸收营养物质的表面积

C .可以摆动促进食物快速通过小肠

D .可以起到清扫消化道的作用

21.下图是人体在平静呼吸时肺内气体容量变化曲 线,由b 到c 的过程表示 A .吸气,膈肌收缩,膈顶下降 B .呼气,膈肌收缩,膈顶下降 C .吸气,膈肌舒张,膈顶上升 D .呼气,膈肌舒张,膈顶上升 22.血液经体循环后,发生的变化是

A ..动脉血变成静脉血,由暗红色变成鲜红色

① ②

B.静脉血变成动脉血,由暗红色变成鲜红色

C.动脉血变成静脉血,由鲜红色变成暗红色

D.静脉血变成动脉血,由鲜红色变成暗红色

23.下图是正常人肾小管内某种物质的含量变化曲线示意图,该物质是

A.水

B.无机盐

C.葡萄糖

D.尿素

24.某人现年30岁,身高90cm,最近通过了某科技公司的应聘考试,被聘为计算机软件开发工程师。他身材矮小,主要原因是

A.幼年时缺碘 B.幼年时缺钙

C.幼年时生长激素分泌过少 D.幼年时甲状腺激素分泌过少

25.酸雨可对生物造成极大的危害,与酸雨形成有关的主要气体是

A.二氧化硫 B.二氧化碳 C.一氧化碳 D.氟利昂

26.学校里戴眼镜的同学越来越多,引起了人们对学生用眼卫生的高度关注。下面是眼球结

构的示意图,对眼球结构的描述不.正确的是

A.中国人的“黑眼珠”主要是由①虹膜决定的

B.通过调节②瞳孔大小可以使自己在明、暗处都

能看清物体

C.长时间近距离看书写字容易使眼球中③晶状体

曲度过大,造成近视

D.眼球内能成像的部位是⑥视网膜

27.关于膝跳反射的相关叙述正确的是

A.感受器是皮肤 B.神经中枢在脊髓

C.主要受大脑控制 D.效应器是小腿的肌肉

28.右图为人体某处的血管及血流情况示意图,下列说法错误

..的是

A.若c处尿素浓度降低,则b为肾小管周围的毛细血管

B.若c处氧含量降低,则b为组织内的毛细血管

C.若c处氧含量增加,则b为肺部毛细血管

D.若c处氧含量增加,则b为消化道壁的毛细血管

29.下列属于藻类、苔藓和蕨类植物的共同点是

A.都生活在水中 B.都有根、茎、叶的分化

C.都是不结种子的植物 D.植株内都没有输导组织

30.无脊椎动物中,昆虫分布范围十分广泛,活动范围大,其主要原因是 A.体表有防止体内水分蒸发的外骨骼 B.具有翅

C.具有三对足,尤其是跳跃足 D.头部长有多种感觉器官

31.关于生物研究的基本方法叙述错误的是

A.探究蚯蚓的运动可以采用观察法

B.估测农田的产量可以采用五点取样法

C.研究生物间的亲缘关系可以采用比较法

D.探究公鸡的绕道取食可以采用模拟实验法

32.在荔枝开花的季节,果农放养了许多蜜蜂,此举除了采集蜂蜜之外,对荔枝的意义是 A.促进开花 B.帮助传粉 C.消灭病虫害 D.促进果实成熟

33.生物学家根据生物之问的相似程度,把它们分成不同等级的分类单位,其重要意义是 A.弄清生物之间的亲缘关系

B.能给每一种生物一个不同的名称

C.可以根据分类弄清各种生物的生活环境

D.说明了分类单位可以分为:种、属、科、目、纲、门、界

34.“飞蛾扑火"是一种

A.先天性行为 B.学习行为 C.攻击行为 D.繁殖行为

35.能够分解水中有机物达到净化污水作用的细菌是

A.乳酸菌 B.甲烷菌 C.醋酸菌 D.大肠杆菌

36.在青春期,男孩和女孩的身体发育发生明显变化,下列不.属于身体上的变化是

A.身高突增 B.性器官迅速发育

C.心肺功能明显增强 D.内心世界逐渐复杂

37.现代农业基地可种植出结满了黄色番茄的巨大“番茄树”,这些“番茄树"不是种植在土壤里,而是种植在富含营养液的水箱里。农艺师采用的这项生物技术是

A.组织培养 B.基因工程 C.嫁接 D.无土栽培

38.右图表示某种昆虫的发育过程,描述正确的是

A.该昆虫的发育过程与蝗虫相同

B.该昆虫发育过程属不完全变态发育

C.该昆虫的生殖方式是有性生殖

D.若该昆虫是一种害虫,则成虫期对农作物危害最大

39.宇航员将一些种子带上太空,让种子中的遗传物质发生改变,从而培育出新品种。对新品种与原品种差异的最准确表述是

A.遗传 B.变异 C.可遗传的变异 D.不遗传的变异

40.正常男性精子的染色体组成可以表示为

A.22+X B.22+YY C.22+XX D.22+XY

41.无酒窝由显性基因B控制,有酒窝由隐性基因b控制,一对夫妇的基因型都为Bb,他们的孩子可能是

A.全部无酒窝 B.全部有酒窝

C.部分无酒窝、部分有酒窝 D.以上都有可能

42.达尔文在远离大陆经常刮大风的克格伦岛上,发现昆虫呈现翅发达或退化的现象,没有中等大小翅的种类,出现这种现象的原因是

A.自然选择 B.人工选择 C.遗传变异 D.生存斗争

43.在“探究花生果实大小的变异’’活动中,需要对大小不同的花生果实进行取样,你认为取样方法最佳的是

A.在大花生中取30粒较大的,在小花生中取30粒较小的

B.在大花生中取1粒最大的,在小花生中取1粒最小的

C.在大、小两种花生中分别随机取1粒

D.在大、小两种花生中分别随机取30粒

44.把骨骼肌连在骨上的结构是

A.关节 B.肌腹 C.肌腱 D.关节囊

45.某地有关部门对校园周边饮食卫生安全排查中,发现有些饮食店没有餐具消毒柜,当即对其进行查封。这样做的主要目的是可以预防

A.血友病 B.甲型肝炎 C.阑尾炎 D.沙眼

46.下列属于特异性免疫的是

A.唾液中的溶菌酶杀灭病菌 B.皮肤阻挡致病细菌侵入人体内

C.特定的抗体抵抗相应的抗原 D.吞噬细胞吞噬侵入人体的病菌

47.下列说法不.正确的是

A.在抢救煤气中毒的病人时,首先要把病人转移到空气新鲜的地方

B.用指压止血法抢救较大动脉出血的伤员时,要压迫伤口的近心端动脉

C.非处方药必须凭执业医师或执业助理医师的处方才能购买

D.凡是药物都带有一定的毒性或副作用

48.国家立法规定明年1月开始公共场所全面禁烟。下列叙述不.正确的是

A.吸烟对自己有害,对周围人无害

B.尼古丁、焦油能诱发呼吸系统疾病

C.烟雾中有许多对人体有害的物质

D.吸烟抑制呼吸道内表面的纤毛运动

49.在以下评价自己的健康状况的项目中,属于评价心理是否健康的指标是 A.我早上起来感到身体很舒服 B.我的食欲很好

C.我的体育成绩都已达标 D.我大多数时候感到心情愉快

50.在进行传染病基本情况的相关调查时,下列做法错误

..的是

A.通过书刊、报纸、互联网等收集资料 B.与甲流患者进行面对面交谈 C.访谈艾滋病患者时与其握手表示友好 D.对病人家属调查时戴上口罩2010年广东省东莞市初中二年级(八年级)学业考试

参考答案及评分标准

生物

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2019-2020学年中考英语语法备考16 定语从句(讲解)

2019-2020学年中考英语语法备考秘籍—定语从句 【知识方法】 先行词:名词或代词 定语从句 关系代词 关系词 关系副词 【知识清单】 定语从句 知识梳理:提纲挈领,抓住重点和难点! 在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。 定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词。定语从句放在先行词后面。定语从句分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句。本章只介绍限定性定语从句。引导定语从句的词有关系代词that、which、who、which、whose和关系副词where 、when,关系代词和关系副词是引导词,在定语从句中担当某一成份。 关系代词、副词作用先行词例句 that,who,whom(只做宾语) 主语 宾语 表语 人Do you know the girl who/that is standing under a tree? 你知道站在树下的女孩是谁吗?

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