2020年吉林省高考英语模拟试卷5套(附答案解析)

高考英语一模试卷

题号I II III IV V总分

得分

一、阅读理解（本大题共15小题，共30.0分）

A

The hottest cities in the world The locations below are the hottest and also travel destinations on the planet．

Bangkok

According to the data，Bangkok is the hottest city on the planet - not because of any particularly impressive high temperatures，but because it is consistently hot all the year round．The city has an average annual temperature of 29℃，coupled with high dampness and an average of 128rainy days per year；while the highest temperature on record is 40℃．Timbuktu，Mali

Located on the southern edge of the Sahara Desert，the African city of Timbuktu is similar to everything remote．It's also one of the hottest cities in the world，with a hot，dry climate offering record highs of 49℃．Throughout April，May and June，average maximum temperatures are beyond 40℃．Modern-day Timbuktu is slowly being swallowed by the desert and is certainly a shadow of the trade center that it once was．

Ahvaz，Iran

Built on the bank of the Karun River，Ahvaz is an industrial city with average highs of around 46℃ during July，its warmest month．The city's record high is 54℃，making it one of the world's hottest cities during the summer．Frequent sand and dust storms and an absence of rain from July to September mix with its sky-high temperatures．

Kuwait City

The wealthy capital of Kuwait is another competitor for the title of the world's hottest summertime city with average highs of over 45℃ from June to August．Nightfall brings little respite（缓解），with after-dark low temperatures often over 30℃ during the summer months．Kuwait City's record high is 52℃，while it rains on an average of just 19 days per year．

1.What is the Bangkok famous for in climate？______

A. The highest temperature．

B. The hot weather all year round．

C. The highest annual temperature．

D. The lack of rainfall all year round．

2.Why is Timbuktu no longer a trade center？______

A. The small population of Mali．

B. The war lasting for many years．

C. The influence of the Sahara．

D. Its location of the center of a desert．

3.Which city holds the record of the highest temperature？______

A. Ahvaz．

B. Bangkok．

C. Timbuktu．

D. Kuwait City．

B

The other day I was shopping at the local Chinese grocery store．There was a line at the fish counter，but only one staff person was there to take care of the customers．Some customers

ordered quite an amount of fish for that staff person to work on．At last I was the second in line；all I wanted was a couple of crabs and should get out of there in no time．

Noticing it was very busy at the fish counter，another staff person came over to help．I was ready to be served，but the staff person went to the end of the line and began to help a couple of ladies with snails （蜗牛）．The customer in front of me，being served，turned around and looked at me sympathetically，and the customer behind me called to the staff person，"You should start her，"pointing at me．He was，well，ignored．

If someone asked me，"What is the most important rule to follow in America？"I would reply without hesitation，"Wait your turn at all times．"Wherever you go here in this country，you will find people waiting in a line quietly to get anything：whether in the supermarkets，department stores，bus stops，or gas stations，it's just a matter of waiting your turn．In a larger sense，"wait your turn"is more than just a guideline-it is a very basic norm （准则）that reflects the fundamental value of the western cultures．But in some situations your turn does not always come based on when you get there and how long you have waited in line，just like my case at the store．Even though this did not often happen，it did make me feel upset．

4.What happened to the author at the store？______

A. He wasn't served upon his order．

B. He was ill-treated by a customer．

C. He was asked to be served later．

D. He was asked to do others a favor．

5.What is the author's opinion about Queuing Rule？______

A. Wait until being served．

B. Serve people as one likes．

C. Wait until your turn comes．

D. First come，later served．

6.What does the underlined word "this" in the last paragraph refer to？______

A. His belief．

B. His experience．

C. His culture．

D. His rule．

7.Why did the author write the text？______

A. To emphasize his kindness to others．

B. To introduce some western cultures to us．

C. To show his disbelief in Queuing Rule．

D. To express his belief and his feeling．

C

One of the most important things in the world is friendship．In order to have friends，you have to be a friend．But how can you be a good friend at school？

Listen - Listen when they are talking．Don't say anything unless they ask you a question．Sometimes it's not necessary for you to have anything to say；they just need someone to talk to about their feelings．

Help them - If your friend is ever in need of something，be there to help them．You should try to put them first，but make sure you don't do everything they want you to do．Try to take an extra pencil or pen with you to classes in case they forget one．Have a little extra money in your pocket in case they forget something they need．

Be there for them - Be there for your friends to help make them feel better in hard times．Marilyn Monroe，a famous U．S．actor，once said，"I often make mistakes．Sometimes I am out of control，but if you can't stay with me at my worst，you are sure not to deserve to be with me at my best．" Always remember this! If you don't want to stay with your friends when they're in hard times，then you don't deserve to be with them when they're having a

good time!

Make plans - Try to make plans with your friends．Go shopping，go for ice cream，have a party，go to a movie and so on．Take time to know each other even better by doing something you both enjoy．By planning things together，you both can have a good time．And you'll remember these things when you're all old!

8.While your friend is talking to you about his or her feelings，you should ______ ．

A. give him or her some advice

B. calm him or her down

C. just listen unless asked

D. share your feelings as well

9.When we provide help for our friends，we should ______ ．

A. put them before ourselves

B. try to do everything for them

C. change their bad habits first

D. ignore their faults

10.What can we learn from Marilyn Monroe's words？______

A. Life without a friend is death．

B. A friend is easier lost than found．

C. A man is known by his friends．

D. A friend in need is a friend indeed．

11.What is probably the best title for the test？______

A. How to find a good friend．

B. How to be a good friend．

C. How to help friends in trouble．

D. How to make more friends．

D

Even plant can run a fever，especially when they're under attack by insects or disease．But unlike human，plants can have their temperature taken from 3，000 feet away straight up．A decade ago，adopting the infrared（红外线）scanning technology developed for military purposes and other satellites，physicist Stephen Paley came up with a quick way to take the temperature of crops to determine which ones are under stress．The goal was to let farmers precisely（精确的）target pesticide（杀虫剂）spraying rather than rain poison on a whole field，which always includes plants that don't have pest problems．

Even better，Paley's Remote Scanning Services Company could detect crop problems before they became visible to the eye．Fixed on a plane flown at 3，000 feet at night，an infrared scanner measured the heat sent out by crops．The data were transformed into a color-coded map showing where plants were running "fevers"．Farmers could then spot-spray，using 50 to 70 percent less pesticide that they otherwise would．

The bad news is that Paley's company closed down in 1984，after only three years．Farmers resisted the new technology and long-term supporters were hard to find．But with the renewed concern about pesticides on produce and refinements（改进）in infrared scanning，Paley hopes to get back into operation．Agriculture experts have no doubt that the technology works．"This technique can be used on 75 percent of agricultural land in the United States，" says George Oerther of Texas A& M，who recently retired from the Department of Agriculture，thinks remote infrared crop scanning could be adopted by the end of the decade ．But only if Paley finds the financial support which he failed to obtain 10years ago．

12.Plants will give out an increased amount of heat when they are ______ ．

A. facing an infrared scanner

B. sprayed with pesticides

C. exposed to extreme sun rays

D. in poor physical condition

13.In order to apply pesticide spraying precisely，we can use infrared scanning to ______ ．

A. draw a color-coded map

B. evaluate the damage to the crops

C. locate the problem area

D. measure the size of the affected area

14.The application of infrared scanning technology to agriculture met with some difficulties

of ______ ．

A. the lack of official support

B. its high cost

C. the lack of financial support

D. its failure to help increase production

15.Infrared scanning technology may be brought back into operation because of ______ ．

A. full support from agricultural experts

B. the forceful promotion by the Department of Agriculture

C. the desire of farmers to improve the quality of their produce

D. growing concern about the over use of pesticides on crops

二、阅读七选五（本大题共5小题，共10.0分）

How to stay focused in class Being relaxed during class is a bad habit，and it is also bad to your grade．Focusing in class not only proves to teachers that you are a capable student but also shows that you have the ability to control yourself，which will be very important．(1) No matter how much you want to sit with your friends during the class，try your best to avoid them．Talking with friends around you is not going to give you the focus in class．This will get you into trouble．

Look at teacher and make eye contact．Your teacher is not just standing up there talking．(2) Show the teacher that he or she has your full attention by looking them in the eye．This person should have your full attention at all times during class．

Take notes．By taking notes，you'll be able to "get into" the lesson．Write down key points as your teacher speaks．And listen to the key phrases such as "This is important" "This is the main idea" "This will be the test" etc．(3)

Get involved in class discussions．This is a wonderful way to become a more focused，successful student．When a teacher asks a question，offer to answer it．(4) This shows the teacher that you are listening carefully during the class．

Ask a question．(5) This really shows your teacher that you want to be better，and can recognize the things you are having difficulty with．Chances are that someone else in the class has the same question （and was too afraid to ask!）．They'll be relieved，and so will you．

A．Avoid sitting with friends．

B．This can help you listen more attentively．

C．If he or she ask for an opinion，share your own．

D．Talking with friends makes you lose interest in class．

E．He or she is trying to give you an acceptable education．

F．The more quickly you answer，the more attention you pay．

G．If you don't understand something，never be afraid to ask．

16. A. A B. B C. C D. D E.

E F.

F G. G

17. A. A B. B C. C D. D E.

E F.

F G. G

18. A. A B. B C. C D. D E.

E F.

F G. G

19. A. A B. B C. C D. D E.

E F.

F G. G

20. A. A B. B C. C D. D E.

E F.

F G. G

三、完形填空（本大题共20小题，共30.0分）

When I was a boy there were no smart phones or computers．Still，I never felt bored．The fields，(21) and woodlands around my home were the perfect playground．I can remember once hiking to nearby (22) and walking slowly around it．At the back of it I was amazed to find an old dirt road that I had never seen before．It was full of muddy tyre tracks and deep woods bordered it on both sides，but (23) it still seemed like a fine adventure．

I (24) on and on for what seemed like hours．I was sure my guardian angel（守护天使）was(25) in my ears to turn around and (26) back home but I was (27) and even a bit stupid，so I walked on．There was still neither a car nor a house (28)．My legs were getting tired．I noticed that the sun was starting to go down and I grew (29)．I didn't want to end up (30) on this road in the dark of night，and I was worried that it would be dark (31) I could make my way back to the lake again．

I continued to walk on with the fear growing inside of me．My heart was (32) faster and my legs were aching more seriously than before．When I (33) one last corner and saw a house that I (34)，I jumped up and down and laughed out loud．I knew the way home! It was still over a mile away，but my (35) felt like feathers．I (36) into the house with a big smile just in time for dinner．Then I ended my adventure with a good night's sleep．

I remembered this recently when I saw a (37)，saying，"All roads lead home"．This is true ．I also remembered a sage （圣人）compared life to a journey．Are we going to make this life a terrible (38) or are we going to make the life a joyful one？It(39) our own choice．

All roads no matter how they twist and turn，can (40) us home in our hearts．May you always walk your path with love! May you always help your fellow travelers along the way!

21. A. towns B. hills C. farms D. villages

22. A. farmhouse B. highway C. forest D. lake

23. A. exploring B. appreciating C. introducing D. refusing

24. A. drove B. flew C. walked D. rode

25. A. waving B. singing C. whispering D. scolding

26. A. head B. land C. pace D. wander

27. A. sad B. stubborn C. mature D. anxious

28. A. in order B. in comfort C. in need D. in sight

29. A. pleased B. scared C. astonished D. disappointed

30. A. exposed B. injured C. trapped D. worried

31. A. though B. if C. when D. before

32. A. blocking B. sinking C. beating D. dancing

33. A. turned B. searched C. checked D. examined

34. A. owned B. recognized C. overlooked D. defined

35. A. arms B. hands C. head D. legs

36. A. stormed B. danced C. dragged D. dived

37. A. design B. signature C. sign D. signal

38. A. trip B. scene C. event D. sight

39. A. refers to B. deals with C. decides on D. depends on

40. A. lead B. urge C. move D. transport

四、语法填空（本大题共1小题，共15.0分）

41.Should naps（小睡）actually (1) （take）during the day？Well，we certainly

know from (2) （evident）in the sleep center and that of many other scientists that naps can give you benefits for both your brain (3) your body．But naps can actually be (4) double-edged sword because while we're awake during the day，we're building up

sleepiness or sleep pressure．So when you try to fall asleep at night，you'll fall asleep quickly and then you'll stay asleep．And when we sleep，we actually release that

sleepiness so that we wake up the next morning feeling (5) （refresh）．

So if you take a nap during the day，especially if you take it too late in the afternoon，you will actually release some of that sleepiness and it will make it much (6) （hard）to fall asleep and stay asleep soundly throughout the night．So the advice would be if you don't struggle with your sleep and you can nap (7) （regular），then naps are just fine．But if you do find it difficult (8) （fall）asleep or stay asleep at night，then you

should avoid naps and try to build up that healthy sleepiness in the evening．

The ideal nap depends on (9) you want from that nap．Different stages of sleep actually give you different types of brain and body (10) （benefit）．

五、书面表达（本大题共1小题，共25.0分）

42.假定你是李华，你的美国朋友Jerry上周来信想了解一下目前中国农村的现状，请

你给他写一封回信，内容包括：

1．国家重视农村发展；

2．农村的显著变化（如住房、公路、教育等）；

3．邀请Jerry有机会来参观；

注意：

1．词数100左右．

2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯．

Dear Jerry，

I'm glad to hear from you last week．

----

Yours，

Li Hua

答案和解析

1.【答案】

【小题1】B【小题2】C【小题3】A

【解析】1．B．细节理解题．根据第二段According to the data，

Bangkok is the hottest city on the planet - not because of any particularly impressive high te mperatures， but because it is consistently hot all the year round．可知，曼谷以一年四季炎热的天气闻名．故选B．

2．C．细节理解题．根据第三段

Modern-day Timbuktu is slowly being swallowed by the desert and is certainly a shadow of t he trade center that it once was．可知，因为撒哈拉沙漠的影响，廷巴克图不再是贸易中心．故选C．

3．A．细节理解题．根据第四段

Ahvaz is an industrial city with average highs of around 46℃ during July，

its warmest month． The city's record high is 54℃，

making it one of the world's hottest cities during the summer．可知，阿瓦士的气温最高故选A．

本文是一篇广告布告类阅读，主要介绍了世界上最热的几个城市．

阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释．考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点．

4.【答案】

【小题1】A【小题2】C【小题3】B【小题4】D

【解析】24-27 ACBD

24．A．考查细节理解．根据" I was ready to be served，

but the staff person went to the end of the line and began to help a couple of ladies with snail s （蜗牛）"可知，作者在书店里没有收到应有的服务．故选A．

25．C．考查细节理解．根据I would reply without hesitation，"Wait your turn at all times ．"可知，作者认为最重要的规则就是要排队，直到轮到你这里．不能插队．故选C．26．B．考查细节理解．根据" just like my case at the store"可知，此处是指作者的亲身经历．故选B．

27．D．考查主旨大意．根据全文内容可知，本文讲述的是作者的亲身经历，通过作者在书店里受到的不公平的待遇，作者发表了自己的感想，信仰以及倡导．故选D．

本文讲述的是作者的亲身经历，通过作者在书店里受到的不公平的待遇，作者发表了自己的感谢以及倡导．

阅读理解考察学生的细节理解和推理判断能力，做细节理解题时一定要找到文章中的原句，和题干进行比较，再做出正确的选择．在做推理判断题不要以个人的主观想象代替文章的事实，要根据文章事实进行合乎逻辑的推理判断．

8.【答案】

【小题1】C【小题2】A【小题3】D【小题4】B

【解析】1．C．细节题．根据文章第二段when they are talking．Don't say anything unless they ask you a question．可得知应该要学会倾听，当朋友需要你说话时才开口．故选C．2．A．细节理解题．在第三段中You should try to put them first看出，当朋友需要帮助时，你应该把朋友的事情放在第一的位置，故答案为A．

3．D．细节题．根据文章倒数第二段I often make mistakes．Sometimes I am out of control ．But if you can't stay with me at my worst，you are sure not to deserve to be with me at my best．可知如果你不能再朋友最困难的时候帮助他，那你也不配做他的朋友，患难见真情．故选D．

4．B．主旨大意题．文章开篇明义，In order to have friends，you have to be a friend．概述了我们要努力成为一个合格的朋友，下文的内容都是在讲如何成为一个称职的朋友：学会倾听，帮助朋友，故选B．

本文介绍了友谊是生命中最重要的东西之一，怎样让自己成为一个好朋友，要做到以下几点：学会倾听朋友的心声；在朋友需要的时候帮助朋友；平时生活中为朋友着想，尤其在他们困难时；和朋友们一起做一些计划．

本文是一篇社会文化类阅读，题目涉及多道细节理解题，主旨大意题，句意理解题．做题时学生应仔细阅读原文，把握文章主要内容，联系文章上下文内容并结合所给选项含义，从中选出正确答案，一定要做到有理有据，切忌胡乱猜测．

12.【答案】

【小题1】D【小题2】C【小题3】C【小题4】D

【解析】（1）---（4）DCCD

（1）D 推理题．根据文章第一段第一句Even plant can run a fever，especially when they're under attack by insects or disease．和第二段第二句Mounted on a plane flown at 3，000 feet at night，an infrared scanner measured the heat emitted （排放，散发，发出）bycrops．可知植物在发烧的时候，会散发出比平时更多的热量．故选D．（2）C 推理题．根据文章第二段第三句The data were transtormed into a color-coded map showing where plants wererunningfevers．可知人们可以使用红外线扫描来确定哪里的植物发烧了，也就是说确定问题区域．故选C．

（3）C 推理题．根据文章最后一句But only if Paley finds the financial backing which he failed to obtain 10 years ago，可知第一次Paley失败主要是因为他没有获得足够的资金支持．故选C．

（4）D 推理题．根据文章最后一段第三句But with the renewed concern about pesticides on produce，and refinements（改良，改进）in infrared scanning，Paley hopes to get back into operation．可知人们现在担心粮食上农药的使用量过高，要减少农药使用，就需要Paley的方法．故选D．

本文讲述的是植物生病以后温度也会升高，我们可以利用这一点来确定生病植物的具体地点．

阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释．考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点．

16.【答案】

【小题1】A【小题2】E【小题3】B【小题4】C【小题5】G

【解析】AEBCG

1．A．考查上下文推理能力．设空处为本段的主题句．从内容上看，本段主要讲课堂上尽量不要与朋友坐在一起，因为与周围的朋友交谈会分散注意力，故选A项．2．E．考查上下文推理能力．设空处顺接上文，进一步说明课堂上老师不仅仅是在讲话，他们其实是在努力让自己的教育得到学生的接受，E项符合语境．

3．B．考查上下文推理能力．设空处上文讲课堂上要记笔记，记下老师所讲的重点，B 项总结上文，说明这样做的好处，即有利于更专心地听讲．

4．C．考查上下文推理能力．本段主题是要加人课堂讨论，即当老师提出问题时，要主动回答．如果他或她想知道大家的观点，要敢于分享自己的想法，C项符合语境5．G．考查上下文推理能力．从内容上看，本段主要讲课堂上要敢于问问题，故选G 项．

这是一篇说明文，简要列举了几条如何在课堂上保持注意力集中的建议．

七选五阅读是完成性阅读，和完形填空很类似，不同的是一个选词，一个选句子．解题时，要注意上下文语境，充分考虑信息词（选项中和空格前后句子中相同或相近的词），选出最符合语境的句子．

21.【答案】

【小题1】B【小题2】D【小题3】A【小题4】C【小题5】C

【小题6】A【小题7】B【小题8】D【小题9】B【小题10】C 【小题11】D【小题12】C【小题13】A【小题14】B【小题15】D 【小题16】B【小题17】C【小题18】A【小题19】D【小题20】A

【解析】BDACC ABDBC DCABD BCADA

1．B．名词的辨析，根据fields和woodlans可知此空指的也是大自然的事物，因此使用hills"山"，故答案为B．

2．D．上下文的理解，根据下文的make my way back to the lake可知，此处指的是我徒步去附近的一个湖，因此使用lake，故答案为D．

3．A．动名词的辨析，exploring探索，appreciating欣赏，introducing介绍，refusing拒绝，此处指探索这个湖似乎像是趟不错的冒险，故答案为A．

4．C．动词的辨析，drove开车，flew飞，walked走路，rode骑车，此处指走了好像有几个小时的感觉，故答案为C．

5．C．动名词的辨析，waving挥手，singing唱歌，whispering小声说，scolding训斥，此处指我的守护天使在我耳边小声说叫我转身，故答案为C．

6．A．上下文的理解，此处指我的守护天使叫我转身，然后朝家的方向走，因此使用动词head"朝着"，故答案为A．

7．B．形容词的辨析，sad伤心的，stubborn固执的，mature成熟的，anxious焦虑的，由下文的so I walked on我继续走下去，可知我是固执的，故答案为B．

8．D．短语的辨析，in order有秩序，in comfort安慰，in need危难中，in sight看得见，此处指看不到一辆车或房子，故答案为D．

9．B．形容词的辨析， pleased高兴的，scared害怕的，astonished惊讶的，disappointed 失望的，此处指太阳下山我开始害怕了，故答案为B．

10．C．动词的辨析，exposed暴露，injured伤害，trapped困，worried担忧，此处指我不想最终在黑夜中被困在这条路上，故答案为C．

11．D．连词的辨析，though尽管，if如果， when当…时候，before之前，根据语境我确信天黑前我能走回到湖的那边，故答案为D．

12．C．动词的辨析，此处指我心跳变得更快了，使用动词beat，故答案为C．13．A．动词的辨析，turned转，searched搜查， checked检查，examined考试，此处

指转最后一个弯的时候就看到一所房子了，故答案为A．

14．B．动词的辨析，owned拥有，recognized辨认，overlooked忽视，defined定义，此处指我认出了一所房子，故答案为B．

15．D．上下文的理解，前文my legs were aching more seriously than before提到我的脚很痛，可这会看到房子，知道了回家的路，我的脚走起路来像羽毛一样轻，因此使用legs ，故答案为D．

16．B．动词的辨析，storm into指气愤地进入，dance跳舞，drag拉，dive潜入，此处指我到家时是高兴地跳进家门的，故答案为B．

17．C．名词的辨析，design设计，signature签名，sign指示牌，signal信号，此处指我看到指示牌上写着的话才想起这个故事，故答案为C．

18．A．名词的辨析，根据语境我们是想把生活过成可怕的一趟旅行还是快乐的呢，因此使用名词trip，与前文的journey对应，故答案为A．

19．D．动词短语的辨析，refers to指的是，deals with处理，decides on决定，depends on 依赖，想把生活过成什么样都取决于我们自己的决定，故答案为D．

20．A．动词的辨析，此处指愿所有的路都最终能指引你到家，因此使用lead，故答案为A．

本文是一篇议论文，所有的路都是回家的路．这辈子所有的路不管怎么迂回曲折，最终都会引领者我们回家，有的是回到物质层面的家，而有的是回到我们心灵的家园．

在做完形填空时，首先需要快速的浏览全文，把握文章的主旨大意；其次要学会带着问题到文中相应的地方，通过细节阅读来寻找或概括答案；最后理清作者的写作思路也非常重要；做此类题时，要多注意一些形容词或动词的搭配，在平时多积累一些固定搭配．

41.【答案】

【小题1】be taken 【小题2】

evidence【小题

3】and【小题4】a

【小题5】

refreshed

【小题6】harder 【小题7】

regularly

【小题8】to

fall

【小题9】

what

【小题10】

benefits

【解析】1．be taken．考查被动．根据句意：白天真的应该午睡吗？分析句子可知本句的主语是naps ，所以谓语用被动语态，故填be taken．

2． evidence．考查名词．介词from后边跟名词做宾语，evidence是名词"证据"．

3． and．考查固定短语．both…and是固定结构"两者都"，故填and．

4． a．考查冠词．根据句意：午睡实际上是一把双刃剑．可知这里是泛指，所以用不定冠词a．故填a．

5． refreshed．考查形容词．feel是系动词，refreshed是过去分词做表语"感觉清爽的"．故填refreshed．

6． harder．考查比较级．根据句意：这会使人很难入睡，整晚都睡得很香．此处是形容词做宾补，much修饰比较级，故填harder．

7． regularly．考查副词．此处是用副词修饰动词，regularly是副词"有规则地"．故填regularly．

8． to fall．考查不定式．分析句子可知it是形式宾语，动词不定式是真正的宾语，故填to fall．

9． what．考查宾语从句．在宾语从句中缺少want的宾语，所以用what引导．故填what ．

10． benefits．考查名词．根据句意：给了你不同类型的大脑和身体的好处．benefit是名词"好处"本句应该用复数形式，故填benefits．

我们从睡眠中心和其他许多科学家的证据中肯定知道午睡对你的大脑和身体都有好处．

午睡既有其好处也有其不足，人们应该根据自己的情况选择是否午睡，不同的睡眠阶段实际上给了你不同类型的大脑和身体的好处．

语法填空是通过语篇在语境中考查语法知识的运用能力，在解题前应快速浏览短文掌握大意，在读懂短文的基础上，结合短文提供的特定的语言环境去逐句分析．要解决好语法填空，离不开坚实的语法知识，有了坚实的语法知识才能对语言进行正确的分析和判断，从而答对题目．

42.【答案】Dear Jerry，

I'm glad to hear from you last week．

Since you are interested in the current situation of the countryside in China，

I'm writing to introduce it to you．（写信目的）

In recent years，

our government attaches much greater importance to the development of the countryside，

making it quite different from the past．（高分句型一）（国家重视农村发展）

Not only are many high buildings and broad highways built，

but education has been given more attention and support．（高分句型二）（农村的显著变化）

All of these changes have added to the convenience and happiness of the people in the countr yside． Therefore， I sincerely invite you to come for a visit．（邀请Jerry有机会来参观）Looking forward to your early reply．

Yours truly，

Li Hua

【解析】高分句型：

1．In recent years，

our government attaches much greater importance to the development of the countryside，

making it quite different from the past．

近年来，我们的政府更加重视农村的发展，使得农村变得与以往大不相同．

该句中making it quite different from the past为现在分词短语作结果状语，

attach importance to 重视．

2．Not only are many high buildings and broad highways built，

but education has been given more attention and support．

不但修建了许多高楼和宽广的道路，而且教育方面也被给予了更多的关注和帮助扶持．该句为not only和but also连接的两个句子，not only引导的句子要用部分倒装的结构．这是一篇提纲类作文，我们需要用正确的英语把给出的要点表达出来．动笔前，一定要认真分析要点，理解要点要表达的含义，不能遗漏要点，跑题偏题．本作文中给出的要点比较具体，故需要准确表达．写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次．特别注意在选择句式时要赋予变化．平时除了加强词汇积累，写作联系以外，还可以适当记忆一些类似的范文，这样在考试中可以起到事半功倍的效果．

高考英语模拟试卷

题号I II III IV V VI总分

得分

一、阅读理解（本大题共15小题，共30.0分）

A

In the future we might live somewhere other than Earth，like Mars．Some people ask how this will be possible．Well，Mars is in fact a lot the same as the earth．The days are almost the same as those on the earth．However，the two planets vary in temperature．

Since there is mostly carbon dioxide on Mars，it would be quite difficult for a human to just land on it．So，special types of homes and space suits have to be designed．The space suits should be almost like the ones astronauts use now，and except that they have to be warmer so that the astronauts can survive the cold temperatures．The space suits must also be able to withstand（承受）high pressure and potentially dangerous radiation that can kill．

The houses should be similar to our homes today with a slight difference．All of the houses and other buildings should be built inside a large dome（圆顶状物）or bubble．The domes should be made out of glass，and would also be able to prevent radiation from affecting the people inside．The domes will be connected to a machine （like plants which turn carbon dioxide into oxygen）．

With Mars' population growing，how would the people on its surface get fresh food and water ？Just like humans use domes，they can also use domes to grow plants．However，the domes where the plants are grown must be built to expand．Once we upgrade the domes to a larger size then we can grow more food by cultivating（种植）more plants．To get the food or come in connect with other domes，there will be long narrow tunnels like roads that connect to each dome separating them by several doors so that the pressure in each dome can remain the same．

On Mars，so many other things are available to us．As humans，we can have access to rare and fairly expensive metals that aren't very easy to get hold of on Earth，and a colony on Mars enhances（提高）our chances of finding these metals．So when someone here on Earth says that going to Mars is impossible，please tell them that they'll never know it until they try and they may try very soon．After all it's our future．Why not make it on Mars？

1.It is difficult for humans to live on Mars because of all the following EXCEPT ______ ．

A. too much radiation

B. cold temperature

C. lack of enough oxygen

D. lack of houses

2.One of the reasons why we are eager to explore Mars may be that ______ ．

A. we can find rare and expensive metals there easily

B. we'll get too bored to live on the earth in the future

C. our technology will become much advanced

D. we want to know more about the unknown world

3.What is the author's attitude towards living on Mars？______ ．

A. Pessimistic

B. Uncertain

C. Optimistic

D. Opposed

B

Kiwi students have become the world's first kids to be "taught" by a digital teacher named Will ．Before you start imagining a human-like robot walking around the classroom．Will is just

an avatar（化身）that appears on the student's desktop，tablet or smartphone screen．Auckland energy company Vector and AI company Soul Machines have worked together to model after the human brain and nervous system，allowing it to show human-like behavior．The digital teacher is now teaching primary school students about renewable energy．

Just like the humans it replaced，Will is able to instantly react to the students' responses to the topic．He also picks up facial expressions，body language of the students．For instance，if a student smiles at Will，he smiles back．The two-way interaction（互动）not only helps capture（捕捉）the students' attention，but also allows the program's developers to monitor their performance，and make changes if needed．

Greg Cross，the Chief Business Officer of Soul Machines，says，"It's well-documented that STEM teachers are in short supply in New Zealand schools．By using digital teachers，we are able to provide access to education to kids and communities that might not have access to real teachers．"

Greg believes that Will-like avatars could be a novel way to have the attention of the next generation．He says，"The program，in place since August 2018，has been a great success thus far．However，regardless of its popularity，Will is unlikely to replace human educators any time soon．For one thing，the avatar's knowledge base is severely limited．For another，even the smartest digital avatars could never react to all the unexpected situations that educators have to deal with on a daily basis．"

4.What do we know about Will？______

A. He teaches college students in the classroom．

B. He will replace human teachers in the future．

C. He can deal with unexpected issues in class．

D. He has human-like brain and nervous system．

5.What does the underlined word "it" in Paragraph 2 refer to？______

A. The human brain．

B. The nervous system．

C. The digital teacher．

D. The human-like robot．

6.Why did Vector and Soul Machines create Will？______

A. To monitor students' performance．

B. To respond to the teacher shortage．

C. To capture students' attention in class．

D. To teach students renewable energy．

7.What can be a suitable title for the text？______

A. World-first Digital Teacher．

B. Future of Energy Company．

C. Development of AI Company．

D. Shortage of Human Teachers．

C

LOS ANGELES，Nov．12 （Xinhua）-Legendary comic book writer Stan Lee has died at the age of 95，according to media reports on Monday．

Lee，born in Stanley Lieber on Dec．28，1922，began his career in 1939 and joined the Marvel Comics in 1961．

He is considered as one of the most legendary names in the history of comic books and the leading creative force behind the rise of Marvel Comics．He co-created iconic fictional characters such as Spider-Man，X-Men，the Avengers，and many more．

Lee's characters often have super powers，but they also have weaknesses．They were humans，not gods．They not only struggled to save the world，but also to pay their bills，make friends，and hold jobs．This made Marvel comic book heroes stand apart from its competitor DC，which produced the seemingly perfect heroes like Superman and Wonder

Woman．Those superheroes have been adapted into blockbuster films，most of which were made after Disney acquired Marvel in a 4-billion-dollar deal in 2009．

In a statement，Bob Iger，chairman and CEO of the Walt Disney Company said Stan Lee was as extraordinary as the characters he created．

Marvel also praised Lee on its website by putting on one of Lee's famous quotes，which goes，"I used to be embarrassed because I was just a comic-book writer while other people were building bridges or going on to medical careers．And then I began to realize：entertainment is one of the most important things in people's lives．Without it，they might go off the deep end．I feel that if you're able to entertain，you're doing a good thing．"

Praise from his Hollywood peers and colleagues was generous．President of Marvel Studios Kevin Feige appreciated Lee's unparalleled impact on the industry．"No one has had more of an impact on my career than Stan Lee，" Feige said．"Our thoughts are with his family and the millions of fans who have been forever touched by Stan's genius，charisma and heart．"

8.How do Lee's characters differ from those of DC？______

A. They are perfect heroes．

B. They often have super powers．

C. They are not humans，but gods．

D. They have human shortcomings．

9.We can learn from Lee's statement in Paragraph 6 that ______ ．

A. it is embarrassing to be a comic-book writer

B. a taste of entertainment is necessary in people's lives

C. entertainment is the most important thing in the world

D. you can do everything well if you are able to entertain

10.According to the passage，we could know that ______ ．

A. Lee influenced Kevin Feige's career a lot

B. Lee joined the Marvel Comics in his forties

C. Lee created the fictional characters all by himself

D. The superheroes were adapted into films before Disney acquired Marvel

11.What can be the best title for the passage？______

A. Comics Legend-the Marvels and DC

B. The Superheroes in Stan Lee's Comics

C. Marvel's Comics Legend Stan Lee Dies at 95

D. The Life Story of Marvel Comics Legend Stan Lee

D

Maths and Music An excellent way to kill a conversation is to say you are a mathematician．Tell others you are also a musician，however，and they will be hooked．Although there are obvious similarities between mathematical and musical activity，there is no direct evidence for the kind of magical connection many people seem to believe in．

I'm partly referring here to the "Mozart effect"，where children who have been playing Mozart compositions are supposedly more intelligent，including at maths，than other children．It is not hard to see why such a theory would be popular：we would all like to become better at maths without putting in any effort．But the conclusions of the experiment that expressed the belief in the Mozart effect were much more modest．If you want your brain to work better，you clearly have to put in hard work．As for learning to play the piano ，it also takes effort．

Surely a connection is quite reasonable．Both maths and music deal with abstract structures，so if you become good at one，then it is likely that you become good at something more

general that helps you with the other．If this is correct，it would show a connection between mathematical and musical ability．It would be more like the connection between abilities at football and tennis．To become better at one，you need to improve your fitness and coordination（协调）．That makes you better at sport and probably helps with the other．Abstract structures don't exist only in maths and music．If you learn a language then you need to understand its abstract structures like grammar．Yet we don't hear people asking about a connection between mathematical and linguistic（语言的）ability．Maybe this is because grammar feels mathematical，so it wouldn't be surprising that mathematicians were better at learning grammar．Music，however，is strongly tied up with feelings and can be enjoyed even by people who know little about it．As such，it seems different from maths，so there wouldn't be any connection between the two．

Let's see how we solve problems of the "A is to B as C is to D" kind．These appear in intelligence tests but they are also important to both music and maths．Consider the opening of Mozart's Eine Kleine Nachtmusik（小夜曲）．The second phrase（小节）is a clear answer to the first．The listener thinks："The first phrase goes upward and uses the notes of a G major chord （和弦）；what would be the corresponding phrase that goes downward and uses the notes of a D7？" Music is full of puzzles like this．If you are good at them，expectations will constantly be set up in your mind．The best moments surprise you by being unexpected，but we need the expectations in the first place．

12.What does the author say about "Mozart effect"？______

A. The goal of it was not carefully thought about．

B. The findings from it gave people wrong information．

C. The interest people showed in it was unexpected．

D. The way it was carried out proved to be ineffective．

13.The author mentioned football and tennis in Paragraph 3 to show that ______ ．

A. football and tennis are played in a similar way．

B. certain skills may be developed through practice．

C. music and maths have something in common．

D. abstract structures bring benefits to various fields．

14.We can infer from Paragraph 4 that ______ ．

A. language seems more like maths than music does．

B. language is less appealing to learners．

C. mathematicians are good at music learning．

D. the structure of language is easier to learn than that of music．

15.What does the writer intend to state in the last paragraph？______

A. How music differs from maths．

B. Why musicians possess mathematical abilities．

C. Why Mozart is so highly considered by mathematicians．

D. How abstract thinking applies to both music and maths．

二、阅读七选五（本大题共5小题，共10.0分）

The modern competitive sport of weightlifting originated in 19th-century Europe and was included in the first modern Olympic Games in 1896．(1) At that time，simple competitions were held to see who could lift the heaviest weight．

The first worldwide weightlifting championships were held in London in 1891．At that time，there were no female competitors．Today，the World Weightlifting Championships，organized by the International Weightlifting Federation （IWF），are held every year．(2) ．

Weightlifting as an Olympic event got off to an unsmooth start．It was not held as a separate

event in the first games held in 1896，but as a field event．(3) The sport returned to the Olympics again in 1904，this time as part of the athletics program．Not until 1920 did weightlifting make its real Olympic comeback．The 1920 Olympic Games，held in Antwerp ，Belgium，marked weightlifting's debut（首次露面）as a separate event．(4) Previously ，weightlifters in the Olympics were all required to compete against each other，regardless of their size．One-hand lifting was dropped from the sport in 1928．Various weightlifting exercises were added and later removed over many years until 1972．(5) The 2000 Olympic Games in Sydney saw the introduction of the women's competition，although the IWF has held the World Weightlifting Championships for women since 1987．

A．The 1940 and 1944 Games were canceled．

B．It is a sport in which barbells are lifted competitively．

C．The 1900 Games had no weightlifting presence at all．

D．The championships include 15 separate weight types for both men and women．E．The 1972 Olympic Games finally presented the weightlifting program in its present form．F．The sport，however，dates back to ancient civilizations including China，Egypt and Greece．

G．The Antwerp Games also introduced one-hand lifting and weight divisions to the new event．

16. A. A B. B C. C D. D E.

E F.

F G. G

17. A. A B. B C. C D. D E.

E F.

F G. G

18. A. A B. B C. C D. D E.

E F.

F G. G

19. A. A B. B C. C D. D E.

E F.

F G. G

20. A. A B. B C. C D. D E.

E F.

F G. G

三、完形填空（本大题共20小题，共30.0分）

As I sat motionless on the steps of the pool，watching everyone else swim back and forth，I realized that I had spent most of my life watching others enjoy themselves．It was then that I (21) a little girl staring at me with a look of confusion．I smiled at her，hoping to (22) the ice by talking to her．Unfortunately，my (23) failed and she just kept on staring．My (24)increased as a little boy swam up to me and said，"I feel sorry for you．"

After the (25)，a though struck me，I had to change (26) the world viewed me．Because it was children who stared at me the most，I decided to write a children's book that taught them about (27)in a fun way．This is when KatGirl，a super hero in a (28)who helps children that are being bullied，came into my mind．

I quickly (29) inside my apartment and began creating the story．As I wrote each word，I could (30) my future as a world-renowned author and public speaker．My excitement (31) like wildfire．Over the next two years，the story (32) many changes before it saw the world in the spring of 2011．My perseverance (33) paid off．

One day I was invited to speak to the students at a neighboring school．I confidently wheeled into a classroom filled with students who (34) at me just like the little girl in the pool．" How do you feel when you see me？" I asked them．The kids bravely (35)，" I feel sorry for you ．"

I opened my book and started reading．Immediately I noticed the children's stares turned to

(36)．" How do you feel when you see me？" I asked again．Without (37) they replied，" You are so cool! Does your (38)fly too？" I just smiled，"No，not yet，but maybe some day．" I knew in my heart that this was (39)．The past two years had proven to me that with (40)anything is possible．

21. A. suggested B. watched C. appreciated D. noticed

22. A. break B. forget C. remove D. deliver

23. A. project B. attempt C. anger D. advice

24. A. relief B. curiosity C. awkwardness D. encouragement

25. A. competition B. encounter C. argument D. interview

26. A. what B. when C. how D. why

27. A. disabilities B. potentials C. paintings D. manners

28. A. pool B. wheelchair C. car D. spaceship

29. A. wheeled B. walked C. rushed D. raced

30. A. regard B. realize C. consider D. picture

31. A. folded B. spread C. recovered D. declined

32. A. turned down B. went through C. looked up D. got around

33. A. generally B. carefully C. eventually D. separately

34. A. called B. glimpsed C. laughed D. stared

35. A. responded B. greeted C. agreed D. continued

36. A. doubts B. jokes C. smiles D. tears

37. A. hesitation B. discussion C. intention D. imagination

38. A. body B. dream C. book D. chair

39. A. funny B. strange C. false D. true

40. A. generosity B. determination C. popularity D. harmony

四、选词填空-句子（本大题共1小题，共15.0分）

41.China has once again showed its ability to change the world with its "new four great (1) （

invent）"-high-speed rail，electronic payment，shared bicycle，and online shopping China's new-generation high-speed train，the Fuxing，is now one of the (2) （fast）trains in the world，which can travel at a speed of 350km/h．Besides high-speed rail，China (3) （improve）people's lives in many other innovative （创新的）ways over the last decade．

Bike sharing，for example，is not new itself．But China has made (4) much more convenient and popular both in China (5) overseas．Leading Chinese bike-sharing

companies Mobike and Ofo are now operating in foreign countries such as Singapore and Britain．

And back in China，when riding a shared bike，you can stop (6) （buy）and eat whatever you want (7) （simple）with a tap of your phone．You could easily pay with your smartphone by (8) （scan）the seller's QR code．Cashless payment has grown into a (9) （choose）for Chinese people-even a pancake seller is using Alipay．

Besides，the four innovative ways of life are most appealing (10) youths from 20

countries participating in the Belt and Road innovation，and they wish their countries would emulate（仿效）China in terms of technological achievement

五、短文改错（本大题共1小题，共10.0分）

42.假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文．文

中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处．每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改．

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词．

删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉．

修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词．

注意：1．每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

2．只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分．

I am always telling to work hard to have a good life in the future． Therefore，

I do my best to play basketball or study．

I want to be basketball player when I will grow up． To realize my dream，

I practice playing basketball regular， aiming to make my best shots．

Although I'm interesting in watching TV， I manage to finish my homework first．

I try my best in all the test，

especially in the math test because I find math more difficulty than any other subject． Anyway I will spare no efforts and never give in on my studies and I believe if I am sur

e to succeed．

六、书面表达（本大题共1小题，共25.0分）

43.假如你是李华，你的英国笔友Jack发来邮件说他对中国古典文学非常感兴趣，托

你买一本相关的书寄给他，请给予回复．内容包括：

1．推荐的书及理由；

2．说明邮寄方式及时间；

3，表达祝愿．

注意：1．词数100左右；

2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯．

参考词汇：古典classical

答案和解析

1.【答案】

【小题1】D【小题2】A【小题3】C

【解析】1．D．细节理解题．根据第一段的描述可知，火星上大部分是二氧化碳、温度也极其寒冷、气压很高、还存在可能致命的危险辐射，这些都是人类很难在火星上生活的原因．唯独没有提到"房屋的缺少的问题．故D选项正确．

2．A．细节理解题．根据最后-段中的As humans，we can have access to rare and fairly expensive metals that aren't veryeasy to get hold of on Earth，and a colony on Mars enhances （提高）our chances of finding these metals．（作为人类，我们可以获得稀有且相当昂贵的金属，而这些金属在地球上并不容易获得，而在火星上的殖民地增加了我们找到这些金属的机会）可知，我们渴望探索火星的原因之- 可能是我们可以很容易地在那里找到稀有和昂贵的金属．故A选项正确．

3．C．推理判断题．根据最后一段中的So when someone here on Earth says that going to Mars is impossible，please tellthem that they'll never know it until they try and they may try very soon．After all it's our future．Why not make it on Mars？（所以当地球上有人说去火星是不可能的，请告诉他们，他们永远不会知道，直到他们尝试，他们可能很快就会尝试．毕竟这是我们的未来．为什么不在火星上创造呢？）可知，作者非常支持火星探测．故C选项正确．

本文为说明文．文章介绍了目前人类对火星的探索．

考察学生的细节理解和推理判断能力，做细节理解题时一定要找到文章中的原句，和题干进行比较，再做出正确的选择．在做推理判断题不要以个人的主观想象代替文章的事实，要根据文章事实进行合乎逻辑的推理判断．

4.【答案】

【小题1】D【小题2】C【小题3】B【小题4】A

【解析】答案：1-4DCBA

1．D．细节理解题．第二段第二句

"Auckland energy company Vector and AI company Soul Machines have worked together to model after the human brain and nervous system， allowing it to show human-like behavior．"可知Will有类似人类的大脑和神经系统，故选D．

2．C．词义猜测题．根据下文

"The digital teacher is now teaching primary school students about renewable energy．"（这位数字教师现在正在教授小学生有关可再生能源的知识．）其中

teaching primary school students about renewable energy可对应到上文中的

show human-like behavior，故可知it为指代"The digital teacher"，故选C．

3．B．细节理解题．第四段第二句

"It's well-documented that STEM teachers are in short supply in New Zealand schools．

By using digital teachers，

we are able to provide access to education to kids and communities that might not have acces s to real teachers．"可知新西兰学校的STEM教师供不应求，这是有据可查的．通过使用数字教师，我们能够为那些无法接触到真正教师的孩子和社区提供受教育的机会．可知Vector and Soul Machines创造Will是为了应对师资短缺，故选B．

4．A．主旨大意题．根据文章主题句

"Kiwi students have become the world's first kids to be "taught" by a digital teacher named W ill．"以及文章主要内容可知主要为讲述"数字老师"Will在新西兰学校的应用，故选A．这是一篇说明文．文章因为有着类似人类的大脑和神经系统的"数字老师"Will可以展示出类似人类的行为，因此被应用到老师短缺的新西兰学校中，为那些无法接触到真正教师的孩子和社区提供受教育的机会．

阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释．考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点．

8.【答案】

【小题1】D【小题2】B【小题3】A【小题4】C

【解析】答案：1-4DBAC

1．D．细节理解题．根据第四段Lee's characters often have super powers，

but they also have weaknesses． They were humans， not gods．可知，Lee的角色与DC 的角色的不同是．他们是人类，而不是神，他们有人的缺点．故选D．

2．B．细节理解题．根据第六段And then I began to realize：entertainment is one of the most important things in people's lives．Without it，they might go off the deep end．I feel that if you're able to entertain，you're doing a good thing．娱乐是人们生活中最重要的事情之一．没有它，它们可能会走向最深处．我觉得如果你能够娱乐，那你就做得很好．可知，在人们的生活中，品味娱乐是必不可少的．故选B．

3．A．细节理解题．根据最后一段"No one has had more of an impact on my career than Stan Lee，" Feige said．"Our thoughts are with his family and the millions of fans who have been forever touched by Stan's genius，charisma and heart．" "没有人比斯坦李对我的职业生涯产生更大的影响，"费格说．"我们的想法和他的家人和数百万粉丝一样，他们一直被斯坦李的天才，魅力和内心所感动．"可知，Lee对Kevin Feige的职业生涯产生了很大的影响．故选A．

4．C．主旨大意题．阅读全文，根据文章内容可知，本文主要讲述了洛杉矶，11月据新华社报道，周一媒体报道称，传奇漫画作家斯坦李在95岁时去世．故选C．

本文主要讲述了洛杉矶，11月据新华社报道，周一媒体报道称，传奇漫画作家斯坦李

在95岁时去世．

阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释．考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点．

12.【答案】

【小题1】B【小题2】C【小题3】A【小题4】D

【解析】1．B．细节理解题，根据第二段

It is not hard to see why such a theory would be popular：

we would all like to become better at maths without putting in any effort．不难看出为什么这样的理论会受欢迎：我们都希望在没有付出任何努力的情况下更好地学习数学．可知，"莫扎特效应"易给人传递一种错误的信息，即人们过高的期望值．故选B．2．C．推理判断题．根据开头两句Surely a connection is quite reasonable．

Both maths and music deal with abstract structures， so if you become good at one，当然，联系是非常合理的．数学和音乐都涉及抽象结构，所以如果你擅长一个，可知，数学和