高三复习 非谓语动词

2. doing作宾语补足语 表示与宾语是主动关系，“一直做或正在做” e.g. I heard her singing an English song when I passed by her room yesterday. 3. 过去分词done作宾语补足语 表示与宾语是被动关系，“被做” e.g. I often hear this English song sung by Lily.
e.g. She was the first woman to win (win) the gold medal in the Olympic Games.
③某些抽象名词如ability，attempt, chance, opportunity, effort，用to do作后置定语
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e.g. Do you have the ability to read and write English?
5. To learn English well, we should find opportunities to hear English _____ (speak) as much as we can.
6. My advisor encouraged me ________(take) a summer course to improve my writing skills.
5. According to a recent U.S. survey, children spend up to 25 hours a week _____ (watch) TV.
6. _______ (complete) the project as planned, we’ll have to work two more hours a day. 7. When ________ (ask) why he went there, he said he was sent there to be trained for a space flight. 8. The flowers his friend gave him will die unless ____(water) every day.
7. Paul doesn’t have to be made ________ (learn). He always works hard.
8. We found the students seated at tables and had their eyes _____(fix) on the scene of the launch of Shenzhou V spaceship.
(三) 非谓语作宾语补足语 1. 不定式to do sth.作宾语补足语 常见的用不定式作宾补的动词有: ask, cause, get, want, wish, tell, advise, encourage, persuade, invite, permit, allow, force, expect, beg, urge, require, call on… e.g. I asked him to come over.
5. done过去分词作状语 与逻辑主语是被动关系， e.g. Encouraged (encourage) by her teachers, Rose did well at school.
6. Having been done作状语 与逻辑主语是被动关系，且先发生 Having been asked (ask) work overtime that evening, I missed a wonderful film.
4. done 与被修饰名词被动关系 e.g. Have you read the novel written (write) by Dickens? 5. being done 正在被做 e.g. The houses being built (build) now are for the teachers.
9. ___ (search) the website of the Fire Department in your city, and you will learn a lot about firefighting.
10.The news reporters hurried to the airport , only ____(tell) the film stars had left. 11. ____(live) in Nanjing for many years, he knows the place very well. 12.____(keep) in the fridge for two hours, the food has gone bad.
1. _________ (walk) is a good form of exercise for both young and old.
(五) 非谓语作宾语
1. 只能用不定式to do作宾语的动词： want, need, hope, expect, like, hate, try, manage, intend, plan, pretend, prefer, agree, refuse, learn, decide, choose, offer, promise, wish等 e.g. He pretend not to see me when I passed by.
1. He was the last one ____ (leave) school yesterday. 2. The child ____ (stand) over there is my brother．
3. Peter received a letter just now ________(say) his grandma would come to see him soon. 4. It’s said that the Olympic Games _____(hold) in London in 2020 will cover more events than any other Olympics did.
(四) 非谓语作主语 1. 不定式to do作主语 e.g. To find a best friend is difficult. = It is difficult to find a best friend.
2. 动名词doing作主语 e.g. Walking is a good form of exercise for both young and old.
一、功能
主语 宾语 表语 定语 状语 宾语补足语 不定式 √ √ √ √ √ √
v-ing
v-ed
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二、主要用法
（一） 非谓语动词做定语
1. to do作后置定语 ①表将来 e.g. The car to be bought (buy) is for his sister. ②当被修饰的名词前面又被序数词和最高级修饰时 或被the only修饰时 e.g. He was the best man to do (do) the job.
protection when developing economy.
1. The island, (join) to the mainland by a bridge, is easy to go to. 2. Sarah pretended to be cheerful, ____(say) nothing about the argument. 3. (translate) into English, the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order. 4. (open) in 1955, Disneyland in California is regarded by many as the original fun park.
★ 补充： 非谓语作状语，也可用连词when, while, once, until, if, unless, although +doing或done
e.g. If given more attention to, the trees could have grown better. e.g. We have to consider the need for environmental
2. to be done作状语 ①表“目的”，为了被… ②表意想不到的的结果，结果却被…
e.g. He hurried to the station only to be told (tell) that the train had left.
3. doing 作状语 与逻辑主语是主动关系，且与主句的谓语动词 基本上同时发生 e.g. Not knowing (know)what to do, he went to his parents for help. 4. Having done作状语 与逻辑主语是主动关系，先于主句谓语动词发生 e.g. Having bought (buy) a precious diamond necklace for his wife, Tom couldn’t afford a tie for himself.
2. to be done 表将来，“将被做” e.g. The question to be discussed (discuss) tomorrow is very important. 3. doing 与被修饰名词主动关系 I don’t know the boy standing (stand) under the tree.
4. “省略to的不定式”作宾语补足语 表示与宾语是主动关系，表动作的全过程 e.g. The teacher had me repeat the story.
1. An army spokesman stressed that all the soldiers had been ordered ____ (issue) clear warning before firing any shot. 2. Passengers are permitted ___ (carry) only one piece of hand luggage onto the plane. 3. I smell something _______ (burn) in the kitchen. Can I call you back in a minute? 4. Don’t leave the water _______ (run) while you brush your teeth.
(二) 非谓语作状语
1. to do ① 表“目的”，为了做某事。还可作原因状语 e.g. Helen had to shout to make (make) herself heard above the sound of the music.
e.g. I’m very glad to see (see) you. ②表意想不到的结果，结果却… e.g. He hurried to the station only to find that the train had left.
5. Do you have the ability __ (read and write) English?
6. The building ___ (build) next year is our dormitory.
7. I think the scientific advances ___ (mention) in your article are interesting. 8. The meeting __ (hold) now is of great importance.