高三英语非谓语动词
最新 高三英语一轮复习--非谓语动词(作主、宾、表、宾补)
they just missed being caught.
2. I would appreciate your calling back this afternoon.
3. I can’t hardly imagine Peter sailing across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.
care, pretend turned up yet.
offer, promise, choose, plan
agree,
3. The teacher decided to have known what the boys had done. He chose not to ask the boys but
We don’t allow smoking in the hall.
Smoking is forbidden here but I allow you to smoke in the smoking room.
三、有些动词或动词短语既可接不定式作宾语，也可 接动名词作宾语，但表示的含义不同。
to do sth. 记着要做某事（还没作） remember +
It is standard practice for a company like this one to employ a security officer.
考点集训：
1. Having （have）a balanced and healthy diet is another good choice. 2. To enter (enter) a good university for further study is my goal now. 3. Mary’s being late (late) for class made her teacher angry. 4. It’s necessary for us to help (help) those in need. 5. It’s worth making (make) an appointment before you leave.
高三英语语法讲义之非谓语动词
高三英语语法讲义——非谓语动词1．定义: 即非限定性动词，在句子中充当除谓语以外的句子成分。
2．有三种形式：动词不定式、分词和动名词。
一、动词不定式【要点点拨】动词不定式表现为两种形式：to do 或do，其否定形式为not to do. 不定式可以带宾语或者状语构成不定式短语，没有人称和数的变化，但有时态和语态的变化。
基本用法：1、作主语：To build the bridge needs much money.一般用It作形式主语放在句首，把不定式短语放于句末。
It is right to give up smoking.【2012．江西.单选】It’s very nice ___ you ___my parents your best wishes.A. of; sendingB. of; to sendC. for; to sendD. for; sending [答案] B. 句型It is adj. + of sb to do sth和It is adj. + for sb to do sth 的区别:前者一般用来表示人的性格，品德，所用的形容词一般表示主观感情或态度，如good，kind，nice，clever等；后者常用于表示事物的特征、特点，所用的形容词一般表示客观形式，如easy，hard，difficult，interesting等。
2、作宾语：The child pretended to be sleeping / asleep when I cameback home.注意：当不定式短语作宾语，还带有宾语补足语时，往往常用it 作形式宾语，把不定式宾语放于补语之后。
We think it is possible to finish the work in a week.补充：有些动词后只能用不定式作宾语。
如：decide，plan，desire，expect，hope，wish，pretend，promise，refuse，afford，agree，ask，fail，tend，manage等。
高三英语Ⅷ.非谓语动词
高三英语ⅧA cook will be immediately fired if he is found ________ in the kitchen.A. smokeB. smokingC. to smokeD. smoked【解析】考非谓语动词在句中作及物动词被动语态的主语补足语的用法。
依照考题的意思，只有厨师在厨房里正吸烟时被发觉才能被解雇。
因此，只能用现在分词表进行，不能用动词不定式(不定式常表示“具体的”已发生的或未发生的行为)。
译文：假如(有人)发觉厨师在厨房里吸烟，他就会赶忙被解雇。
答案为B。
The teacher asked us ________ so much noise.A. don't makeB. not makeC.not makingD. not to make【解析】考查不定式用法。
在动词ask 后面用不定式作复合宾语，其否定形式是not to do。
常见的这类动词还有：tell,warn,order,advise等。
答案为D。
_________ time, he'll make a first-lass tennis player.A. Having givenB. To giveC. GivingD. Given【解析】考查非谓语动词。
句意：要是给他时刻，他会成为一流的网球运动员。
不定式作状语表示目的，排除B。
分词作状语要看与主语的关系。
句子主语he是give的逻辑宾语，用过去分词。
注意当从句主语和主句的主语保持一致时，从句可省略(If he is)，排除A 和C项。
答案为D。
The discovery of new evidence led to _________.A. the thief having caughtB. catch the thiefC. the thief being caughtD. the thief to be caught【解析】 lead to那个词组中to是介词，后面跟名词，因此B、D被排除，the thief是动名词逻辑上的主语，构成动名词的复合结构，与catch之间应是被动关系，故排除A。
高三英语语法-非谓语动词复习
高三英语语法-非谓语动词复习不定式（infinitive）、分词（participle）、动名词（gerund）是非谓语动词，在句子中不能作谓语．．．．．．．．．。
以下表格列出了他们各自在句中的作用。
（√表示可以在句中担任的语法成分，×则表示不可以。
）非谓语动词在句中的特点、性质、用法、区别及使用注意事项分述如下：第一节、非谓语动词作主语可作主语的非谓语形式为：不定式和动名词。
其表达形式为：不定式：主动态to do; 被动态to be done; 动名词：主动态doing; 被动态being done。
例1：To act like that is foolish.例2：It is impossible for me to buy the car with cash. 要我用现金买那辆车是不可能的。
例3：Walking is a good form of exercise for both young and old.例4：——What made you so late for work today ?——Driving to the office was very slow this morning because of heavy traffic.因为交通拥挤，今早开车上班非常慢。
一般说来，动名词和不定式作主语，可以互换，其意义没有多大差别，但须注意以下两点：1．表示具体的，尤其是未发生的动作，倾向用不定式（如例2）。
表示无时限的泛指动作（如例3）或描述当时的情况（如例4），倾向用动名词。
2．在下列句型用动名词作主语It is no good doing.（……没有用）There is no doing. （……不可能）It is no good arguing with him. 和他争论没有用。
There is no knowing what may happen. = It is impossible to know what may happen.练习：1．（改错）As is known, learn a foreign language well requires great efforts.2．（改错）Though flying balloons are easy, balloonists must watch the weather carefully.3．（选择）_______ to sunlight for too much will do harm to one’s skin.A. Exposed toB. ExposingC. Having exposedD. Being exposed答案：1．learn → learning 原形动词不能作主语。
高三英语复习非谓语动词考点总结归纳讲义
非谓语动词考点总结归纳非谓语动词包括不定式，动名词和分词。
它们是高中所学的基础语法，也是高考必考内容。
既是高考的难点又是高考的热点。
真正领悟非谓语动词的用法要具备以下基础知识：①具有句子结构的知识，会分析句子成分。
②具有简单句最基本的五种句型的知识，要分得清双宾语和复合宾语。
③具有扎实而丰富的动词知识，要分得清及物动词和不及物动词。
④具备各种复合句的知识，能够拆析复合句和长难句。
1．三种非谓语动词的构成及变化形式。
●过去分词 done （无变化）●所有非谓语动词的否定形式都是把否定副词not,never放在非谓语动词的前面。
2. 三种非谓语动词形式句法功能比较考点一：非谓语作主语。
1. 在很多情况下没有明显的不同. Seeing is believing.=To see is to believe.2. 不定式做主语表示某一次具体的,特定的或有待实现的动作, 而动名词则表示通常的情况.eg:To tell him the truth would be the best. / Painting is an art.动词不定式（短语）作主语时，另一种形式是在句首用先行代词it作形式主语，而将动词不定式（短语）移到谓语之后作真正主语。
用于这种形式是一些特定形容词，动词和名词1)形容词作表语It is adj/n.(for sb.) to do sth. （常见的形容词是：necessary,important,possible等）It is adj./n.(of sb.) to do sth. (常见的形容词是clever,stupid,foolish,wise,cruel等)2)常见的动词有：require, cost, amuse, delight, annoy等eg: It takes much time to do sth./ It didn’t occur to me to ask him to help me.3)一些名词作表语eg: It seems a pity to waste them./It is a great pleasure to do this./It is a good idea to think this way动名词做主语时常用的句型有：It is nice doing sth./It’s foolish doing sth./It is useless doing that/It’s a waste of time doing this./It’s worth one’s while doing sth./ It’s no good (use) doing that.It’s an awful job doing this. /It’s fun doing this.There is/ was no sense in doing/no point in doing考点二：非谓语动词作宾语详细见5+3 P70-72页补充:1.begin和start在下列三种情况下, 通常跟不定式, 不跟动名词1) 当begin和start的主语是无生命之物时. eg: Snow began to melt.2) 当begin和start用于进行时时. eg: He is beginning to study English.3) 当begin和start后面跟着一些表示心理状态的词时. eg: I began to believe his story.2. be afraid to do 不敢去做…… be afraid of doing 害怕发生某事3. be sure to do 一定会…… be sure of doing 确信会……eg: Tom is sure to pass the exam.(说话人的看法, 认为Tom 一定会考试通过.)Tom is sure of passing the exam. ( Tom 对自己通过考试很有把握.)考点三：非谓语动词作表语不定式、动名词、分词做表语：1.不定式做表语常表示谓语动词所表示动作之后发生的动作。
高三英语非谓语动词解析版汇编含解析
高三英语非谓语动词解析版汇编含解析一、单项选择非谓语动词1．He had wonderful childhood, _____with his mother to all corners of the world.A．travel B．to travel C．traveled D．traveling【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查非谓语动词。
句意：他有着美好的童年，跟母亲到过世界各地。
分析句子可知，travel 用非谓语动词形式，逻辑主语He与travel之间为主谓关系，因此用现在分词作状语。
故选D。
2．The Water World Recreation Center has many attractions, ______ from simple swimming pools to exciting water thrill rides.A．ranging B．rangedC．which are ranged D．that range【答案】A【解析】【分析】考查非谓语动词。
【详解】句意：水上世界娱乐中心有许多吸引人的地方，从简单的游泳池到令人兴奋的水上惊险游乐项目。
句中attractions和动词range是主动关系，此处作定语用动词-ing形式，相当于which ranged from simple swimming pools to exciting water thrill rides.故选A.3．Walter offered us a lift when he was leaving the office, but our work _______, we refused his offer.A．not finishing B．had not been finishedC．not having finished D．not finished【答案】D【解析】试题分析：在这里，our work处在逗号位置，作整个句子的原因状语，这里应填非谓语动词。
高三英语最困难考点系列高三最困难考点系列(1)非谓语动词 含解析
高三最困难考点系列(1）非谓语动词非谓语动词★★★★★○○○○○【命题说明】非谓语动词是高考命题中最难的考点之一，非谓语动词的命题形式灵活多样，正确判断和使用动词的形式是非谓语动词主要的命题形式。
非谓语动词主要以语法填空、短文改错、单项填空的形式进行考查.高考范文中含有非谓语动词的句子也是判断高级句型的体现。
非谓语动词的核心考点1．非谓语动词作状语（1）不定式作状语①表示目的I stopped the car to take a short break as I was feeling tired。
②不定式作结果状语表示出乎意料的结果，动词不定式前常加only。
George returned after the war,only to be told that his wife had left him。
（2）现在分词作状语①一般式doing表示动作和谓语动作同时或几乎同时发生，与句子的主语是主动关系.The sun began to rise in the sky，bathing the mountain in golden light。
(主动关系)②完成式having done表示动作发生在谓语动作之前。
I got to the office earlier that day，having caught the 7:30 train from Paddington。
③被动式having been done表示动作发生在谓语动作之前，与句子的主语是被动关系. Having been asked to work overtime that evening，I missed a wonderful film.(被动意义，非谓语动词的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前）(3)过去分词作状语过去分词作状语时，与句子主语之间是被动关系。
Seen from the top of the mountain，the city is very beautiful。
高三英语非谓语动词
为了避免重复，常用省略形式 to 来代替前面的动作。如： Would you like to visit our school? Yes, I’d like to.
有些动词后面需要用不定式作宾补，除 tell 外，常见的还 有：advise allow cause consider encourage forbid
四、非谓语动词作主语和表语
高考题点击：
1. Fishing is his favorite hobby, and ___D__. (01 上海) A. he’d like to collect coins as well B. he feels like collecting coins, too C. to collect coins is also his hobby D. collecting coins also gives him great pleasure
force intend order permit persuade remind request require urge warn ask wish want 等 特别注意： hope, agree, demand, suggest 等没有宾补。
2. Paul doesn’t have to be made ____B_. He always works hard.
comfortable, necessary, better; the first, the next, the last, the best, too much, too little, not enough) 后加 for sb. to do • It’s kind (nice, stupid, rude, clever, foolish, thoughtful, thoughtless, brave, considerate (考虑周到的), silly, selfish (自私的) )后加 of sb. to do
高三英语 基础知识必备 专题七 非谓语动词
非谓语动词一、非谓语动词的用法非谓语动词命题规律非谓语动词包括不定式、动词-ing形式和过去分词三种形式。
动词的非谓语形式是中学英语语法的重点和难点,也是每年高考热点中的热点。
考纲要求掌握：非谓语动词的时态和语态；他们在英语句子中的作用；非谓语动词的基本用法和含义，非谓语动词在句子中可以充当多种句子成分，比如主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语、表语等；掌握非谓语动词充当相同句子成分时的辨析；掌握非谓语动词在不同的语境、语义下的运用。
非谓语动词高考常考点：（1）非谓语动词的时态和语态主动形式被动形式动词不定式一般式to do to be done进行式to be doing完成式to have doneto have beendone完成进行式to have beendoing动词－ing 形式一般式doing being done完成式having donehaving beendone过去分词只有一种形式done（2）非谓语动词作状语①不定式作状语：a.作目的状语，有时用in order to或so as to。
b. 作结果状语，常用结构enough to，too...to...，only to等。
c. 作原因状语，此时常与表示情感的形容词连用，如glad，happy，frightened，surprised等。
d. 在“主语＋系动词＋形容词＋to do”的结构中，常用主动形式表示被动含义。
②动词－ing形式(现在分词)作状语：a. 动词－ing形式(现在分词)作状语时与谓语动词所表示的动作同时或几乎同时发生，having done表示先于谓语动词所表示的动作发生的动作。
b. 动词－ing形式(现在分词)可作时间、原因、方式、伴随、结果、让步等状语。
③过去分词作状语：a. 过去分词作状语时与句中主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系，且先于谓语动作发生。
b. 某些动词的过去分词已经形容词化，此时作状语时相当于形容词作状语。
高考英语复习高三非谓语动词复习
因everyone与think是主动关系，故用现在分词短语作added的伴随状语。
(15年语法）The adobe dwellings(土坯房）___61 built___(build) by the Pueblo Indiansof the American Southwest are admired by even ___62___ most modern of architects and engineers.
观察句子：
As he decided to go to a good university, Tom works harder.
Deciding to go to a good university, Tom works harder.
结 论
现在分词（短语）作状语，满足主句的主语和 从句的主语是同一个主语，且分词动词和主语 之间是主动的关系。
高考例题：
(13年语法）“In the beginning, there was only 49___a___ very small amount of unfairness in the world,but everyone added a little ,always 50_thinking_____ (think) that it was only small and not very important ,and look where we have ended up today.
作宾补
作定语
作表语或定语
作状语
观Hale Waihona Puke 句子：To go to a good university, Tom studies hard.
结 论
不定式作状语，表目的。
高三英语高考语法知识点归纳总结非谓语动词
七、非谓语动词
注：现在分词、不定式、过去分词都可以作独立成分
generally speaking一般说来；frankly speaking坦白地说；judging from/by...根据……来判断；considering.../taking...into consideration考虑到……；
to tell you the truth说实话；seeing...考虑到……；supposing假设，如果；providing如果；given考虑到，鉴于；provided that如果
在解非谓语习题时同学们遇到最大的困难有两个：一是如何判别是谓语动词还是非谓语动词；二是如何选用哪一种非谓语动词及其恰当的形式。
一、谓语与非谓语的比较
非谓语动词是汉语中没有的语言现象。
汉语中几个谓语动词连用而动词不用作任何形式的变化。
如：他明天来拜访你。
翻译成英语不是He will come visit you，而是He will come to visit you.这里就用了不定式to visit。
因此同学们要特别注意弄清句子的结构。
例：Tom sat under a tree and seeing his friend, up in no time.
A. to stand
B. standing
C. stood
D. would stand
分析：stood是与sat并列的谓语。
非谓语语法功能的比较
已经建好的桥。
高三英语非谓语动词真题汇编(含答案)含解析
高三英语非谓语动词真题汇编（含答案）含解析一、单项选择非谓语动词1．（北京）During the Mid-Autumn Festival, family members often gather together ________a meal, admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes.A．share B．to shareC．having shared D．shared【答案】 B 【解析】考查非谓语动词。
句意：在中秋节期间，家人们通常会聚在一起吃饭，赏月，品尝月饼。
gather 是谓语动词，“ ______________ a meal, admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes 是”状语，家人聚在一起的目的是吃饭，赏月，品尝月饼，表目的用动词不定式，故 B 选项正确。
点睛：动词不定式可以做主语，状语，定语，宾语，表语等。
动词不定式做目的状语时，可以置于主句之前也可以置于主句之后，通常译为“为了”。
2．Hearing the news, she rushed out, ________ the book ______ on the table anddisappeared into the distance.A．left; lain open B．left; lay openedC．leaving; lie opened D．leaving; lying open【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查现在分词。
句意：听见这个消息，她冲了出去，留在书本打开着放在桌子上，就消失在远处了。
第一空leave与she构成主动关系，使用现在分词的形式。
第二空the book与lie 构成主动关系，还是使用现在分词的形式，open 是形容词表示状态，lying open 是宾语补足语，对the book进行补充说明。
故D选项正确。
【点睛】leave 的几种用法leave 除了离开之外，还有以下几种用法：一、作"留下"、"丢下"、"落下",常表示某物落在/忘在某地。
高三英语语法复习 非谓语动词
高三英语非谓语动词不定式(infinitive)、分词(participle)、动名词(gerund)是非谓语动词，在句中不能作谓语。
一、非谓语动词作主语可作主语的非谓语动词是不定式和动名词。
例1 To act like that is foolish.例2 Walking is good exercise.例3 ---Why were you so late for work today ?---Driving to the office was very slow this morning because of the traffic.一般说来，动名词与不定式作主语时，可以互换，注意：1）表示具体的，尤其是未发生的动作，倾向用不定式（例1），表示无时限的泛指动作（例2），或描述当时的情况（例3）倾向用动名词。
2）下列句型用动名词作主语：It is no good(use) arguing with you.There is no knowing what may happen.（不可能知道将会发生什么。
）二、非谓语动词作表语可作表语的非谓语动词是不定式、动名词和分词。
My idea is to climb the mountain from the north.（不定式解释主语内容）My favorite sport is playing football.（动名词解释主语内容）His speech is inspiring.（分词说明主语性质）The person was moved by the story.动名词和不定式作表语时，一般也无严格区别，但在表语是不定式的句子中，若主语也用非谓语形式，这时要用不定式；同样表语是动名词时，则主语要用动名词。
To see is to believe.Reading is learning,but applying（运用）is also learning and more important kind of learning.三、非谓语动词作宾语可作宾语的非谓语动词是不定式和动名词。
(英语)高三英语非谓语动词技巧和方法完整版及练习题及解析
（英语）高三英语非谓语动词技巧和方法完整版及练习题及解析一、单项选择非谓语动词1．If there is a lot of work _________．I’m happy to just keep on until it is finished．A．to do B．to be doingC．done D．doing【答案】A【解析】【分析】【详解】考查非谓语动词。
句意：如果有很多工作要做，我很乐意一直把它做完。
分析句子可知，用不定式做定语表示未发生的动作，放在被修饰词的名词、代词后，此处to do在句中做定语修饰work，主动形式表示被动含义，故选A。
2．In 1938, Pearl S. Buck became the first American woman the Nobel Prize for Literature. A．winning B．winC．won D．to win【答案】D【解析】考查非谓语动词。
句意：1938年，赛珍珠成为第一个获得诺贝尔文学奖的美国女性。
中心词由序数词修饰，用不定式作后置定语，故选D。
3．The lecture mainly deals with the trouble young children have _______ right from wrong. A．distinguished B．distinguishingC．to distinguish D．to be distinguished【答案】B【解析】试题分析：首先have difficult /trouble doing sth是固定词组。
The lecture mainly deals with the trouble young children have distinguishing right from wrong在这个句子中，deal with的宾语是trouble，所以后面的句子是修饰trouble这个词的定语从句。
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第十讲非谓语动词：现在分词过去分词一、热身训练：高考高频短语1. The idea puzzled me so much that I stopped for a few seconds to try to____.A．make it out B．make it off C．make it up D．make it over2. If anybody calls，tell them I'm out，and ask them to ____ their name and address．A．pass B．write C．take D．1eave3.The three sisters decided to hold a family party to ____their parents’silver wedding．A．celebrate B．memorize C．congratulate D．welcome4．Joe Jones，the eldest of the eight children，had to ____out of high school at the age of 16 to help his father on the farm．A．1eave B．drop C．fall D．go5. Words．____ me when i wanted to express my thanks to him for having saved my son from the burning house．A．failed B．1eft C．discouraged D．disappointed6．’一He was in hospital for six months．He felt as if he was ____from the outside world．A．cut 0ut B．cut off C．cut up D．cut through7. —How about eight o'clock outside the cinema? ---That ____ me fine．A．fits B．meets C．satisfies D．suits8. Happy birthday，Alice! So you have _____ twenty—one already!A．become B．turned C．grown D．passed9．They see you as something of a worrier，____ problems which don’t exist and crossing bridges long before you come to them．A．settling B．discovering C．seeing D．designing--10．一How do you _____ we go to Beijing for our holidays?一I think we’d better fly there．It’s much more comfortable．A．insist B．want C．suppose D．suggestGrammar:非谓语动词（2）现在分词及过去分词讲解一、形式分词是动词的一种非限定形式。
分为现在分词和过去分词。
分词具有动词的特征，有时态和语态的变化，并可带宾语、状语。
分词的否定形式是在分词前加not (not knowing ,not having received , not having been given )现在分词：主动形式被动形式一般式doing being done完成式having done having been done过去分词只有一种形式例如：Having hurried through his breakfast, he went to school. (现在分词完成式）The man being interviewed is a scientist.When asked such a strange question, he didn’t know howto answer .Not knowing his number, I didn’t get in touch with him (否定式)2 现在分词与过去分词的区别现在分词与过去分词的区别主要表在语态和时间概念上。
在语态上，现在分词（除被动式外）表示主动意思，过去分词表示被动意思。
在时间上，现在分词表示动作正在进行，过去分词则表示动作的完成。
现在分词过去分词比较: developing countries developed countriesboiling water boiled waterthe rising sun the risen sunthe falling autumn leaves the fallen autumn leaves有些过去分词只表示动作的完成，例如the risen sun the fallen autumn leaves a retired worker a escaped prisoner 有些过去分词只表示动作的被动，例如a man-made satellite guided missile (导弹)二、功能1．作表语现在分词多表示主语所具有的特征或属性；过去分词多表示主语所处的状态，如：The news was exciting./ The situation is encouraging.She looked disappointed./ He appeared satisfied with my answer.He seemed quite delighted at the idea./ Don’t get excited.2．作定语：①单独作定语，应放在被修饰的名词之前，如：touching story / skilled worker /boiled watera growing city = a city that is growing/ liberated areas = areas that have been liberated②在更多情况下，可以用分词短语作定语，这时分词短语应放在被修饰的名词之后，在意义上也相当于一个定语从句，如：Who is the man standing (= that is standing) by the door?They are problems left (= which have been left) over by history.③作定语的现在分词所表示的动作发生的时间有两种情况：a. 表示正在进行的动作, (变为从句时要用进行时态), 如：Tell the children playing there (who are playing there) not to make so much noise.Did you see the man talking (who was talking) to the manager?b. 表示经常性的动作, 或现在(或当时) 的状态, (变为从句时, 用一般时态), 如：They lived in a room facing (= that faced) the south.The house standing (= that stands) at the corner of the street was built in 1955.④过去分词作定语时，过去分词所表示的动作可以在谓语所表示的动作之前发生，也可以是没有一定的时间性，如：Is this the book recommended by our teacher?/ The meeting held last week is very important. 注①：如果所表示的动作现刻正在发生，或是与谓语所表示的动作同时发生，可以用现在分词的被动形式来表示，如：The meeting being held is very important./ We must keep a secret of the things being discussed注②：如果所表示的是一个未来的动作，可以用一个不定式的被动形式来表示，如：The meeting to be held next week is very important.Please tell me the subjects to be discussed at the next meeting.⑤现在分词短语作定语时，一般不用现在分词的完成式作定语，所以，下列句子都是错的：Those having finished their work can go home now. (应改为who have finished)3．作状语：①现在分词作状语，表示陪衬性的动作或伴随情况，如：The children ran out of the room, laughing and talking merrily.They stood there for an hour watching the game./ She sat at the desk reading a newspaper.注意：a. 分词表示的必须是主语的一个动作；b. 分词表示的动作和谓语表示的动作（或状态）是同时发生的；c. 分词表示的是比较次要的动作，对谓语表示的动作或状态加以说明；d. 大部分放在谓语之后；e. 分词有时可以与句子的其他部分用逗号隔开。
②现在分词作状语，表示行为方式或手段（这类状语可以放在句首，也可以放在句末，有时还可以放在句中。
其他参考上述a-c），如：Following the guide, they started to climb./ Working this way, they greatly reduced the cost.③现在分词作状语，表示原因或理由，如：Seeing nobody at home, she decided to leave them a note.Not knowing her address, we couldn’t get in touch with her.注：如果分词表示的动作在谓语所表示的动作之前发生，则要用完成形式，如：Having worked among the peasants for many years, he knew them very well.Not having received an answer, he decided to write another letter.Having lived in Berlin many years, he knew the city well.④现在分词作时间状语（相当于when 引导的从句），如：Turning around, she saw a police car driving up./ Hearing the news, they all jumped with joy.注①：这里分词表示的是一个极短暂的动作，这动作一发生，谓语动词所表示的动作立即发生。