学术论文写作格式要求英文摘要常用句型
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英文摘要虽然不像公文文体那样程序化,但由于它在语法结构上有较强的倾向性,因此英文摘要许多句型模式出现的频率很高,熟练掌握这些常用句型模式,有助于提高英文摘要写作质量和速度,进而能保证其可读性。下面举一些有代表性和常用的句式供参考。
1)常用于摘要开头部分的有4类。
A.
(In this paper,…)
The results of
A simple method for...cases of
The...approach for
An attempt to (do)...
presented
described (through…)
is(are) reported (under...)
discussed (along with...)
analyzed
例如:The results of analyses carried out on the process waters generated during the hydrolysis of oil shale from Rundle, Australia via the Fischer assay retorting process are presented.
对用费希尔试料蒸馏法热解澳大利亚鲁德尔页岩所产生的工业废水提出了分析结果。
B.
The chief aim
purpose
object
objective the present study
of this investigation
the research
these studies
to obtain…
to evaluate…
is (was/has been/will be) to find out…
to establish…
to asses…
例如:The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety and utility of tread ill exercise testing prior to the discharge of patients admitted with acute myocardial infarction.
研究旨在对因急性心肌梗塞住院的患者在出院前进行踏旋器运动试验的安全性与效用做出评价。
The present study
The above study
This investigation
was
has been
designed
made
carried out
performed
attempted
with a view to
in order to
to
clarify…
determine…
establish…
point out…
demonstrate…
例如:The present study has been carried out with a view to determine the feasibility of a recently suggested scheme for the economical detection and analysis of ultra-high energy cosmic shower.
研究旨在确定最近推荐的一种对超高能量宇宙射线簇进行经济探测分析可行性的方案。
D.
Our studies
Their pioneer studies
These investigations
aim to
clarify…
determine…
establish…
demonstrate…
provide evidence for…
bring out…
例如:These investigations were intended to provide evidence that direct learning is helpful adjunct to natural indirect learning in context.
调查的目的是为直接学习是间接学习的有效补充提供证据。
2)常用于摘要结尾部为的有2类。
A.
The studies we have performed
These pioneer studies attempted by us
The studies initiated in their laboratory
We carried out several studies which
All further investigations
show(ed)
have shown
(have) demonstrate(ed) that...
(have) suggest(ed)
(have) reveal(ed)
例如:The studies we have performed showed that Tsingtao lily was a kind of shade plant, demanded strict environmental factors for growth and had poor ecological adaptability. The main factors limiting its growth were light and soil. Dark light and fertile soil were needed.
研究表明青岛百合属阴生植物,对生长条件要求严格,生态适应能力差,其主要限制因子是光照和土壤,即需要弱光和肥沃土壤。
B.
The studies
The results
The tests
The researches
(have) showed
(have) suggested that…
illustrated
revealed
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大学英语四级作文万能句：文章开头结尾句型
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英文摘要常用句型和修辞
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英文论文写作方法
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英语写作中常用的词语和句型
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英文论文写作常用语句
Beginning 1. In this paper, we focus on the need for 2. This paper proceeds as follow. 3. The structure of the paper is as follows. 4. In this paper, we shall first briefly introduce fuzzy sets and related concepts 5. To begin with we will provide a brief background on the Introduction 1. This will be followed by a description of the fuzzy nature of the problem and a detailed presentation of how the required membership functions are defined. 2. Details on xx and xx are discussed in later sections. 3. In the next section, after a statement of the basic problem, various situations involving possibility knowledge are investigated: first, an entirely possibility model is proposed; then the cases of a fuzzy service time with stochastic arrivals and non fuzzy service rule is studied; lastly, fuzzy service rule are considered. 4. In the earliest study of the ….., ……mainly concentrate on the study of…….. In practice, ……. Review 1. This review is followed by an introduction. 2. A brief summary of some of the relevant concepts in xxx and xxx is presented in Section 2. 3. In the next section, a brief review of the .... is given. 4. In the next section, a short review of ... is given with special regard to ... 5. Section 2 reviews relevant research related to xx. 6. Section 1.1 briefly surveys the motivation for a methodology of action, while 1.2 looks at the difficulties posed by the complexity of systems and outlines the need for development of possibility methods. Body 1. Section 1 defines the notion of robustness, and argues for its importance.