京剧相关英语介绍Beijing-Opera

京剧相关英语介绍Beijing Opera
Four Famous Dan Actors 四大名旦；Stage Props in Peking Opera 京剧道具
Types of Facial Make-up in Beijing Opera 京剧脸谱
Roles in Beijing Opera 京剧的角色；Xipi and Erhuang 西皮和二簧
Wenchang and Wuchang 文场和武场；Piao You and Xia Hai 票友和下海
Longtao and Figurant "龙套”和“跑龙套”；Qiba “起霸” ；Liangxiang “亮相”
In 1927, an open selection of the top Dan actors, sponsored by the Shuntian Times newspaper, was launched. As a result, Mei Lanfang (1894-1961), Shang Xiaoyun (1900-1976), Cheng Yanqiu and Xun Huisheng (1900-1968) were the most outstanding in the selection, and were named the four most famous Dan actors of Peking Opera at this time, each having his own unique characteristics in regard to action, expression and music. In addition, each had his own special repertoire, and these have been handed down from generation to generation. Eventually, they formed the four main schools of Peking Opera.
Later, groups of excellent young actors were active on the opera stages, among whom the most famous were: Li Shifang, Zhang Junqiu, Mao Shilai and Song Dezhu, selected by the Liyan Newspaper. Each of the four had his own special repertoire, and their wonderful performances were well received by the mass. Eventually, they were recognized as the four sub-leading Dan actors of Peking Opera.
China entered the modern era amidst turbulence and change in the 20th century. The Revolution of 1911 put an end to the 2,000-year rule of the feudal dynasties. Thus there was a spate of famous actors and actresses and schools of Peking Opera in the early decades of this century.
二十世纪20年代年京剧旦行先后成名的四位有代表性的演员：梅兰芳、尚小云、程砚秋、荀慧生。

四大名旦在艺术上不断进取，表演、唱腔精益求精，各有独门剧目，蔚成流派。

四小名旦继“四大名旦”以后，二十世纪30年代又有一批旦行演员脱颖而出。

1940年，北京《立言报》邀请李世芳、张君秋、毛世来、宋德珠四人合作，在北京新新大戏院演出两场《白蛇传》，四个人分演自己擅长的一折戏，各展所长，社会影响强烈。

从此即被公认为四小名旦。

As mentioned earlier, specific types of facial make-up in Beijing Opera are put on the actors' faces to symbolize the personalities, characteristics, and fates of the roles.
Usually, red faces have positive meanings, symbolizing brave, faithful, and wise men. Another positive color is purple, which signifies wisdom and bravery.
Black faces, for their part, usually have neutral meanings, symbolizing just brave men; however, they can also represent uprightness.
Blue and green faces also have neutral meanings that symbolize the hero of the bush, with the former also hinting at strength and intrepidity.
Meanwhile, yellow and white faces have negative meanings that symbolize ferocious, treacherous, and crafty men.
Finally, gold and silver faces symbolize mysteriousness, and stand for monsters or gods.
京剧脸谱，是具有民族特色的一种特殊的化妆方法。

由于每个历史人物或某一种类型的人物都有一种大概的谱式，就像唱歌、奏乐都要按照乐谱一样，所以称为“脸谱”。

关于脸谱的来源，一般的说法是来自假面具。

京剧脸谱，是根据某种性格、性情或某种特殊类型的人物为采用某些色彩的。

红色有脸谱表示忠勇士义烈，如关羽、妾维、常遇春；黑色的脸谱表示刚烈、正直、勇猛甚至鲁莽，如包拯、张飞、李逵等；黄色的脸谱表示凶狠残暴，如宇文成都、典韦。

蓝色或绿色的脸谱表示一些粗豪暴躁的人物，如窦尔敦、马武等；白色的脸谱一般表示奸臣、坏人，如曹操、赵高等。

京剧脸谱的色画方法，基本上分为三类：揉脸、抹脸、勾脸。

脸谱最初的作用，只是夸大剧中角色的五官部位和面部的纹理，用夸张的手法表现剧中人的性格、心理和生理上的特征，以此来为整个戏剧的情节服务，可是发展到后来，脸谱由简到繁、由粗到细、由表及里、由浅到深，本身就逐渐成为一种具有民族特色的、以人的面部为表现手段的图案艺术了。

Beijing Opera, also known as "yellow skin" from "Xi Pi" and "Erhuang" two basic tone of its music material, and also to sing tunes in some places small (for example, Liu Zi cavity, blowing cavity) and Kunqu Qupai. It was formed in Beijing, in time before and after 1840, prevalent in the 20th century three, the 1940s, when a "national drama," said. Now it is still a country with great influence Operas. It'scomprehensive and mature performance, the momentum of US-hong, is the representative of modern Chinese opera. China Peking Opera is China's
"national essence", has 200 years of history. Beijing Opera is seen at the beginning of 2002-Guangxu (1876) "declaration", the history of skin was yellow, two yellow, yellow cavity, for Beijing, Peking opera, Peking opera, drama, and so the title, the Qing dynasty Qianlong 1966 (1790 ) Emblem four classes in Beijing, Anhui and Beijing Jutan after the Kunqu opera, Han Ju, Yiyang, Luandan Operas such as the 50's and 60's of the draw, Evolution of a Peking Opera is China's largest opera Operas. Its repertoire of the rich, as much as performing artists, many companies, as much as the audience, the impact of the deep are the highest. Beijing Opera is a comprehensive performing arts. That is, sing (singing), read (read white) and do (performance), fight (martial arts), dance (dance) for the integration, through the program's performance means Syria's stories, characterizations figures, the expression "Hi, anger, sorrow, Lok , Panic, fear, grief, "the thoughts and feelings. Role can be divided into: Health (men), Dan (woman), net (men), ugly (men and women both) four. Zhongjian of the characters, Beauty and Ugliness of the points, good and evil of the points. The image clear, lifelike. State attaches great importance to the protection of intangible cultural heritage, May 20, 2006, Peking approved by the State Council included in the first batch of state-level intangible cultural heritage.
Peking Opera combines music, acrobatic dance, and spectacular costumes to tell stories from Chinese history and folklore. Using abstract, symbolic gestures rich in dramatic meaning, actors represent personages from the heroic, divine, and animal worlds, often in martial exploits. The traditional features of the masklike makeup and elaborate costumes immediately identify the characters to a knowing audience.
京剧是地地道道的中国国粹，因形成于北京而得名，但它的源头还要追溯到几种古老的地方戏剧。

1790年，安徽的四大地方戏班——三庆班、四喜班、春公班和春班──先后进京献艺，获得空前成功。

微班常与来自湖北的汉调艺人合作演出，于是，一种以微调"二簧"和汉调"西皮"为主、兼收昆曲、秦腔、梆子等地方戏精华的新剧种诞生了，这就是京剧。

在200年的发展历程中，京剧在唱词、念白及字韵上越来越北京化，使用的二胡、京胡等乐器，也融合了多个民族的发明，终于成为一种成熟的艺术。

将京剧称作"东方歌剧"是因为两个剧种都是集歌唱、舞蹈、音乐、美术、文学等于一体的特殊戏剧形式，在形式上极为类似；同时，在各自不同的文化背景中，它们都获得了经典性地位。

象征性格和命运的脸谱在人的脸上涂上某种颜色以象征这个人的性格和品质、角色和命运、是京剧的一大特点，也是理解剧情的关键。

简单地讲，红脸含有褒义，代表忠勇者；黑脸为中性，代表猛智者；蓝脸和绿脸也为中性，代表草莽英雄；黄脸和白脸含贬义，代表凶诈者；金脸和银脸是神秘，代表神妖。

Opera is the quintessence of Chinese out-and-out, due to the formation named in Beijing, but it also dates back to the source of several age-old local theater. In 1790, Anhui troupe of four places - Sanqing classes, Sixi classes spring classes spring classes public ── has performed in Beijing, was a great success. Micro classes are often associated with transfer from the Han in Hubei Province to perform with artists, therefore, a fine-tuning "Erhuang" and Han-tune "Cipri" mainly integrated opera, Shaanxi Opera, Bangzi show the essence of places such as the birth of the new drama, which is opera. 200 years in the course of development, the Beijing Opera in the lyrics, read the words rhyme on white and increasingly Beijing
Peking Opera combines music, acrobatic dance, and spectacular costumes to tell stories from Chinese history and folklore. Using abstract, symbolic gestures rich in dramatic meaning, actors represent personages from the heroic, divine, and animal worlds, often in martial exploits. The traditional features of the masklike makeup and elaborate costumes immediately identify the characters to a knowing audience.
中国京剧是中国的"国粹.是中国最大戏曲剧种。

其剧目之丰富、表演艺术家之多、剧团之多、观众之多、影响之深均为全国之冠。

京剧是综合性表演艺术。

集唱（歌唱）、念（念白）、做（表演）、打（武打）、舞(舞蹈)为一体、通过程式的表演手段叙演故事，刻划人物，表达"喜、怒、哀、乐、惊、恐、悲"思想感情。

角色可分为：生（男人）、
旦（女人）、净（男人）、丑（男、女人皆有）四大行当。

人物有忠奸之分，美丑之分、善恶之分。

各个形象鲜明、栩栩如生。