《病理生理学》专业术语中英文对照
病理生理学中英文词汇对照
病理生理学中英文词汇对照afterload 后负荷anatomic shunt 解剖短路anoxia 缺氧anuria 无尿autoinfusion 自身输液autotransfusion 自身输血azotemia 氮质血症blood urea nitrogen (BUN) 血尿素氮brain death 脑死亡cardiac asthma 心源性哮喘cardiac insufficiency 心功能不全 cellular edema 细胞水肿Central venous pressure (CVP)dead space like ventilation 死腔样通气 dehydration 脱水diffusion impairment 弥散障碍 disease 疾病dyspnea 呼吸困难eccentric hypertrophy 远心性肥大 edema 水肿enterogenous cyanosis 肠源性紫绀 etiology 病原学exogenous pyrogen 外源性致热源false neurotransmitter 假性神经介质 fever 发热filtrate passive back flow 原尿回漏 frank edema 显性水肿functional dead space 功能性死腔 heart failure 心力衰竭hemic hypoxia 血液性缺氧hepatic encephalopathy 肝性脑病hepatic insufficiency 肝功能不全 hepatocellular jaundice 肝细胞性黄疸high output heart failure 高输出量性心力衰竭histogenous hypoxia 组织性缺氧 histotoxic hypoxia 组织中毒性缺氧 Homeostasis 内环境稳定，稳态 hydrops 积水,积液 hyperbilirubinemia 高胆红素血症hyperdynamic shock 高动力型休克 hyperkalemia 高钾血症hyperthermia 过热hypertonic dehydration 高渗性脱水 hypodynamic shock 低支力型休克 hypokalemia 低钾血症hyposthenuria 低渗尿hypotonic dehydration 低渗性缺水hypotonic hypoxemia 低张性低氧血症hypovolemic shock 低血容量性休克hypoxic hypoxia 乏氧性缺氧icterus 黄疸incomplete recovery 不完全恢复健康 infectious shock 感染性休克ischemic anoxia 缺血性缺氧 isosthenuriaisotonic dehydration 等渗性缺水isotonic hypoxemia 等张性低氧血症 jaundice 黄疸kernicterus 核黄疸ketoacidosis 酮症酸中毒lactic acidosis 乳酸酸中毒low output heart failure 低输出量性心力衰竭mechanism 机制metabolic acidosis 代谢性酸中毒metabolic alkalosis 代谢性碱中毒microangiopathic hemolytic anemia 微血管病性溶血性贫血myocardial contractility 心肌收缩性myocardial failure 心肌衰竭myocardial hypertrophy 心肌肥大nitremia 氮质血症nocturia 夜尿nonesterified bilirubin 非酯型胆红素nonoliguric acute renal failure 非少尿型急性肾功能衰竭nuclear jaundice 核黄疸obstructive hypoventilation 阻塞性通气不足obstructive jaundice 梗阻性黄疸occult edema 隐性水肿oliguria 少尿orthopnea 强迫坐位、端坐呼吸oxygen capacity 血氧容量oxygen content 血氧含量paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea 夜间阵发性呼吸困难pathogenesis 发病学pathological process 病理过程pathophysiology 病理生理学postrenal acute renal failure 后性急性肾功能衰竭precipitating factor 诱因preload 前负荷prerenal acute renal failure 肾前性急性肾功能衰竭pressure overload 压力负荷过度pulmonary encephalopathy 肺性脑病pump failure 泵衰竭pyrogen 致热源recessive edema 隐性水肿renal anemia 肾性贫血renal insufficiency 肾功能不全renal osteodystrophy 肾性骨营养不良respiratory acidosis 呼吸性酸中毒respiratory alkalosis 呼吸性碱中毒respiratory failure 呼吸衰竭respiratory hypoxia 呼吸性缺氧respiratory insufficiency 呼吸功能不全restrictive hypoventilation 限制性通气不足shock 休克sign 体征symptom 症状。
病理生理学英文名词解释精选
1.DiseaseDisease is referred as an aberrant manifestation of homeostatic disturbances caused by harmful agents.2.Causative factor / pathogenic causeCausative factor or pathogenic cause is referred as the factor that can cause a disease and determine its specificity.3.HypoxiaHypoxia can be defined as a deficiency in either oxygen delivery or its utilization at the tissue level or the deficiency of both, which can lead to changes in function, metabolism and even structure of the body.4.CyanosisCyanosis refers to the violaceous color of skin and mucous membranes which occurs as the deoxyhemoglobin concentration of the blood in capillaries becomes greater than 5g/dl.5.Hemic hypoxiaHemic hypoxia refers to hypoxia resulting from a low carrying capacity of oxygen in the blood caused by an altered affinity of Hb for oxygen or a decrease in the amount of Hb in the blood.6.Enterogenous cyanosisWhen pickled vegetables containing nitrate are consumed in large amounts, the reabsorbed nitrate reacts with HbFe2+ to form HbFe3+OH. The color of skin becomes coffee color. This phenomenon is called enterogenous cyanosis.7.Ischemic hypoxiaThe deficiency of blood perfusion to tissues caused by decreased arterial pressure or obstruction of arteries is called ischemic hypoxia.8.FeverFever is a complicated pathological process characterized by a regulated elevation of core body temperature, in which the hypothalamic set point is temporarily reset at an elevated temperature in response to pyretic substances.9.Pyrogenic activatorsFever can be caused by a number of microorganisms and non-microbial pyretic substances, which are collectively called pyrogenic activators.10.Endogenous pyrogensEndogenous pyrogens are described as cytokines inducing fever, which are produced and released by EP cells, such as interleukin-1, tumor necrosis factor, etc.11.StressIt is defined as a systemic nonspecific response of the body to environmental demands or pressures made upon it.12.StressorThe stimulus that provokes a stress response is referred to as stressor.13.ShockShock is a pathological process caused by various drastic etiological factors, which is characterized by microcirculation failure resulting from decreased effective circulatory blood volume and inadequate tissue perfusion with the results of cellular metabolism impediment and dysfunction of multiple vital organ.14.Auto blood transfusionAt the early stage of shock, vessel constriction because of release of a large amount of vasoconstrictors may mobilize the stored blood to participate in the circulation, which is considered as compensation of venous return. 15.Auto fluid transfusionAt the early stage of shock, significant decrease of hydrostatic pressure in capillary may drive fluid to shift from interstitial space to the vascular compartment, and as a result, the plasma volume can be partly restored as a compensatory response16.Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)DIC is a pathological process caused by disturbance of the kinetic balance between coagulation and anticoagulation systems (including fibrinolytic system). Etiologic factors activate extensive intravascular coagulation and secondary fibrinolysis. The clinical features of DIC are bleeding, shock, organ dysfunction and microangiopathic hemolytic anemia.17.Heart failureHeart failure is a pathological process in which the systolic or/ and diastolic function of the heart is impaired, and as a result, cardiac output decreases and is unable to meet the metabolic demands of the body.18.High-output failureHigh-output failure indicates that the cardiac output may be supra- normal but inadequate owing to excessive metabolic needs. The causes of high-output heart failure include severe anemia, fever, hyperthyroidism and pregnancy, etc.19.Ischemia- reperfusion injuryThe restoration of blood flow after transient ischemia may be associated with further reversible or irreversible cell damage, which is called ischemia-reperfusion injury or reperfusion injury.20.Calcium overloadCalcium overload refers to that intracellular content of calcium is increased abnormally during ischemia and reperfusion, which results in the disorder of cellular structure and function.21.Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS)Systemic inflammatory response syndrome is a hard-controlling systemic inflammatory cascade caused by severe infectious or non-infectious factors. It leads to disorders of microcirculatory perfusion of organs and finally to secondary organ dysfunction.22.Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS)Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome is defined as a progressive dysfunction of two or more organs or systems resulting from an uncontrolled systemic inflammatory response to a severe illness or injury.23.Anion gap (AG)It is the deference between the concentrations of unmeasured anion (UA) and unmeasured cation (UC) in plasma (AG=UA-UC). The AG value can be obtained by calculating the difference between plasma concentrationof major measured cation (Na +) and the sum of the plasma concentrations of major measured anions (Cl - andHCO 3-), that is, AG = [Na +] - ([Cl -] + [HCO 3-]). Its normal range is 12±2 mmol/L.24.EdemaEdema means that excessive fluid accumulates in interstitial compartment and some cavities in the body.25.Brain deathBrain death is a state of permanent irreversible cessation of whole brain activity. At that time, the function of the patient's body as a whole body has stopped forever.。
病理生理学英文词汇
病理生理学英文词汇病理过程pathological process健康health疾病disease康复rehabilitation脑死亡brain death脱水dehydration高渗性脱水hypertonic dehydration低渗性脱水hypotonic dehydration等渗性脱水isotonic dehydration水肿edema凹陷性水肿pitting edema显性水肿frank edema隐性水肿recessive edema低钾血症hypokalemia高钾血症hyperkalemia标准碳酸氢盐standard bicarbonate,SB实际碳酸氢盐actual bicarbonate,AB缓冲碱base buffer,BB碱剩余base excess,BE阴离子间隙anion gap,AG代谢性酸中毒metabolic acidosis代谢性碱中毒metabolic alkalosis呼吸性酸中毒respiratory acidosis呼吸性碱中毒respiratory alkalosis缺氧hypoxia低张性缺氧hypotonic hypoxia血液性缺氧hemic hypoxia循环性缺氧circulatory hypoxia组织性缺氧histogenous hypoxia发绀cyanosis发热fever过热hyperthermia内生致热原endogenous pyrogen,EP休克shock心肌抑制因子MDF弥散性血管凝血disseminated intravascular coagulation,DIC多器官功能障碍综合征multiple organ dysfunction syndrome,MODS 多器官衰竭multiple organ failure,MOF多系统器官衰竭multiple system organ failure,MSOF心力衰竭heart failure心室重塑ventricular remodeling端坐呼吸orthopnea呼吸衰竭respiratiory failure功能性分流functional shunt死腔样通气dead space-like ventilation急性呼吸窘迫综合征acute respiratory distress syndrome,ARDS 急性肾功能衰竭acute renal failure,ARF急性肾小管坏死acute tubular necrosis,A TN。
病理生理学英文名词解释精选
1.DiseaseDisease is referred as an aberrant manifestation of homeostatic disturbances caused by harmful agents.2.Causative factor / pathogenic causeCausative factor or pathogenic cause is referred as the factor that can cause a disease and determine its specificity.3.HypoxiaHypoxia can be defined as a deficiency in either oxygen delivery or its utilization at the tissue level or the deficiency of both, which can lead to changes in function, metabolism and even structure of the body.4.CyanosisCyanosis refers to the violaceous color of skin and mucous membranes which occurs as the deoxyhemoglobin concentration of the blood in capillaries becomes greater than 5g/dl.5.Hemic hypoxiaHemic hypoxia refers to hypoxia resulting from a low carrying capacity of oxygen in the blood caused by an altered affinity of Hb for oxygen or a decrease in the amount of Hb in the blood.6.Enterogenous cyanosisWhen pickled vegetables containing nitrate are consumed in large amounts, the reabsorbed nitrate reacts with HbFe2+ to form HbFe3+OH. The color of skin becomes coffee color. This phenomenon is called enterogenous cyanosis.7.Ischemic hypoxiaThe deficiency of blood perfusion to tissues caused by decreased arterial pressure or obstruction of arteries is called ischemic hypoxia.8.FeverFever is a complicated pathological process characterized by a regulated elevation of core body temperature, in which the hypothalamic set point is temporarily reset at an elevated temperature in response to pyretic substances.9.Pyrogenic activatorsFever can be caused by a number of microorganisms and non-microbial pyretic substances, which are collectively called pyrogenic activators.10.Endogenous pyrogensEndogenous pyrogens are described as cytokines inducing fever, which are produced and released by EP cells, such as interleukin-1, tumor necrosis factor, etc.11.StressIt is defined as a systemic nonspecific response of the body to environmental demands or pressures made upon it.12.StressorThe stimulus that provokes a stress response is referred to as stressor.13.ShockShock is a pathological process caused by various drastic etiological factors, which is characterized by microcirculation failure resulting from decreased effective circulatory blood volume and inadequate tissue perfusion with the results of cellular metabolism impediment and dysfunction of multiple vital organ.14.Auto blood transfusionAt the early stage of shock, vessel constriction because of release of a large amount of vasoconstrictors may mobilize the stored blood to participate in the circulation, which is considered as compensation of venous return. 15.Auto fluid transfusionAt the early stage of shock, significant decrease of hydrostatic pressure in capillary may drive fluid to shift from interstitial space to the vascular compartment, and as a result, the plasma volume can be partly restored as a compensatory response16.Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)DIC is a pathological process caused by disturbance of the kinetic balance between coagulation and anticoagulation systems (including fibrinolytic system). Etiologic factors activate extensive intravascular coagulation and secondary fibrinolysis. The clinical features of DIC are bleeding, shock, organ dysfunction and microangiopathic hemolytic anemia.17.Heart failureHeart failure is a pathological process in which the systolic or/ and diastolic function of the heart is impaired, and as a result, cardiac output decreases and is unable to meet the metabolic demands of the body.18.High-output failureHigh-output failure indicates that the cardiac output may be supra- normal but inadequate owing to excessive metabolic needs. The causes of high-output heart failure include severe anemia, fever, hyperthyroidism and pregnancy, etc.19.Ischemia- reperfusion injuryThe restoration of blood flow after transient ischemia may be associated with further reversible or irreversible cell damage, which is called ischemia-reperfusion injury or reperfusion injury.20.Calcium overloadCalcium overload refers to that intracellular content of calcium is increased abnormally during ischemia and reperfusion, which results in the disorder of cellular structure and function.21.Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS)Systemic inflammatory response syndrome is a hard-controlling systemic inflammatory cascade caused by severe infectious or non-infectious factors. It leads to disorders of microcirculatory perfusion of organs and finally to secondary organ dysfunction.22.Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS)Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome is defined as a progressive dysfunction of two or more organs or systems resulting from an uncontrolled systemic inflammatory response to a severe illness or injury.23.Anion gap (AG)It is the deference between the concentrations of unmeasured anion (UA) and unmeasured cation (UC) in plasma (AG=UA-UC). The AG value can be obtained by calculating the difference between plasma concentrationof major measured cation (Na +) and the sum of the plasma concentrations of major measured anions (Cl - andHCO 3-), that is, AG = [Na +] - ([Cl -] + [HCO 3-]). Its normal range is 12±2 mmol/L.24.EdemaEdema means that excessive fluid accumulates in interstitial compartment and some cavities in the body.25.Brain deathBrain death is a state of permanent irreversible cessation of whole brain activity. At that time, the function of the patient's body as a whole body has stopped forever.。
病理生理学-专业词汇-中英文对照
A2，3-diphosphoglyceric acid, 2，3—DPG 2,3-二磷酸甘油酸5—hydroxytryptamine receptor 5—羟色胺受体5—hydroxytryptamine， 5—HT 五羟色胺A cyclosporin A 环胞霉素A1 annexin A1 膜联蛋白a11ergy 变态反应abdominal distention 腹胀abdominal pain 腹痛acetylcholine Ach 乙酰胆碱acetylcholine receptor，AchR Ach受体Acid phosphatase, ACP 酸性磷酸酶acid sensitive ionic channels ASICs 酸敏感离子通道acid-base balance 酸碱平衡acid—base disturbance 酸碱平衡紊乱acid-base imbalance 酸碱失衡actin 肌动蛋白activated partial thromboplastin time APTT 活化部分凝血活酶时间activation function 1，AF—1 激活功能1activation function 2,AF-2 激活功能2actual bicarbonate, AB 实际碳酸氢盐acute phase protein 急性期蛋白acute phase response 急性期反应acute promyelocytic leukemia 急性早幼粒细胞白血病acute psychogenic reaction 急性心因性反应acute pulmonary edema 急性肺水肿acute pulmonary injury, ALI 急性肺损伤acute renal failure，ARF 急性肾功能衰竭acute respiratory distress syndrome, ARDS 急性呼吸窘迫综合征acute tubular necrosis，A TN 急性肾小管坏死adapter protein 适配体蛋白adaptor 接头蛋白adaptor protein 适配体蛋白adenylate cyclase AC 腺苷酸环化酶adhesion molecule 黏附分子adipokines 脂肪因子adiponectin 脂联素adipose tissue,A T 脂肪组织adjustment disorders 适应障碍adrenalin 肾上腺素adrenergic receptor 肾上腺素能受体adrenocorticotropic hormone ACTH 促肾上腺皮质激素adrenocorticotropic hormone ACTH 促肾上腺皮质激素释放激素adriamycin 阿霉素advanced glycosylation end products, AGE 38 39 高级糖基化终产物aflatoxin 黄曲霉毒素after depolarization 后除极aging 老化agonosia 失认aheolar ventilation 肺泡通气量alarm stage 警觉期aldosterone 醛固酮a—L—fucosidase，AFU a-L岩藻糖苷酶alignment of the chromosomes 染色质联会alkylating agents 烷化剂allelic heterogeneity 等位异质性allelic loss 等位基因丢失alpha-fetoprotein，AFP 甲胎蛋白alternative pathway 替代途径alternative splicing 选择性剪接alternative splicing，AS 选择性剪接alveolar PCO2， PACO2 肺泡气二氧化碳分压alveolar PO2,PAO2 肺泡气氧分压Alzheimer disease, AD 阿尔茨海默病a-Melanocyte stimulating hormone, a—MSH 黑素细胞刺激素American College of Cardiology,ACC 美国心脏病学会American Heart Association,AHA 美国心脏协会ammonia 氨中毒amplification of signal 信号放大amygdala 杏仁核amyloid precursor protein，ARP 淀粉样蛋白前体anaphase 后期anaphylactic shock 过敏性休克anaphylactoid purpura 过敏性紫癜Anaplasma phagocytophilum 嗜吞噬无形体anasarca 全身性水肿anatomic shunt 解剖分流angiogenin 基因扩增angiotensin Ⅰ，Ang Ⅰ血管紧张素Ⅰangiotensin Ⅱ，AngⅡ血管紧张素Ⅱangiotensin-converting enzyme，ACE 血管紧张素转化酶angiotension converting enzyme inhibitor,ACEI 血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂anion gap, AG 阴离子间隙ankyrin 锚蛋白annexin 2 膜联蛋白2annexin-1 膜联蛋白—1anorexia 食欲不振anterior cingule cortex ACC 大脑前扣带皮质antidiuretic hormone，ADH 抗利尿激素antimetabolite 血管生长素antiostain 抗代谢药物antisense 反义antithrombin III AT III 抗凝血酶IIIanuia 无尿aphasia 失语aplastic anemia 再生障碍性贫血apolipoprotein A1 血管抑制素apoptosis 凋亡apoptosis 细胞凋亡apoptosis inducing factor，AIF 凋亡诱导因子apoptosome 凋亡复合体apoptotic bodies 凋亡小体apoptotic effector 凋亡效应因子apoptotic lesion 凋亡性损伤apoptotic protease activating factor，Apaf 凋亡蛋白酶激活因子apraxia 失用aquaporin，AQP 水通道arachidonic acid AA 花生四烯酸aralkylating agents 载脂蛋白A1ARAS 上行网状激动系统arcuate nucleus，ARC 弓状核Arg—Gly—Asp，GRD 芳烷化剂arginine vasopressin，A VP 精氨酸加压素arginine，R 精氨酸aromatic amino acids,AAA 芳香族氨基酸arrhythmia 心律失常arylhydroxylamines 精-甘—天冬氨酸asbestos 芳基异羟肟胺类ascending reticular activating system ARAS 脑干上行网状激动系统ascending reticular inhibitory system ARIS 上行网状抑制系统asymbolia for pain 疼痛说示不能综合征asymmetric cell division 细胞的不对称分裂ata 石棉ataxia and rad3 related，ATR 共济失调毛细血管扩张症Rad3相关蛋白Ataxia telangiectasia,A T 共济失调性毛细血管扩张症ataxia—telangiectasia，AT 毛细血管扩张性共济失调症突变基因ataxia-telangiectasia—mutated，ATM 毛细血管扩张性共济失调突变蛋白atherosclerosis，AS 动脉粥样硬化athogenesis 发病学ATLL T 细胞白血病淋巴瘤ATP binding pocket ATP结合口袋ATP receptor ATP受体atrial natriuretic peptide ANP 心房利尿钠肽autocrine motility factor，AMF 自分泌运动因子autoimmune disease 自身免疫性疾病automatic external defibrillator，AED 自动体外除颤器automatic impulse 自主性激动autophagic cell death 自噬性细胞死亡autophagin 自噬素autophagolysosome 自噬溶酶体autophagosome，AP 自噬体autophagy 细胞自噬autophagy 自噬autophagy 自噬性程序性细胞死亡autophagy-related proteins，Atg 细胞自噬相关蛋白autophosphorylation 自主磷酸化azotemia 氮质血症α—lactalbumin α—乳白蛋白BB1 cyclin B1 细胞周期蛋白bacterial translocation 细菌移位BaP 苯并芘base excess，BE 碱剩余base excision repair,BER 碱基切除修复baterial endotoxin 细菌内毒素Bax-interacting factor 1,BIF—1 Bax作用因子1B—cell lymphoma 2，Bcl—2 B细胞淋巴瘤2Bcl—2 homology，BH Bcl—2同源结构域beme oxygenase 血红素加氧酶benign tumor 良性肿瘤benzediazepine,BZ 苯二氮卓Beta-amyloid，Aββ-淀粉样蛋白biallelic 二等位基因bi-allelie marker 双等位标记big MAP kinase，BMK1 大丝裂原活化蛋白激酶bilinogen enterohepatic circulation 胆素原的肠肝循环bilirubin 胆红素bilirubin encephalopathy 胆红素性脑病biliverdin reductase 胆绿素还原酶biofeedback therapy 生物反馈治疗bioinformatics 生物信息学blebbing 水泡化blood urea nitrogen,BUN 血浆尿素氮bone marrow hematopoietic stem cells 骨髓造血干细胞bradykinin BK 缓激肽brain derived neurotrophic factor,BDNF 脑源神经营养因子brain stem 脑干brain—derived neurotrophic factor BDNF 脑源性神经营养因子branched—chain amino acids,BCAA 支链氨基酸breakage—fusion-brige，BFB 断裂—融合—桥breast cancer susceptibility gene C terminus，BRCT 乳腺癌易感基因羧基末端结构域brown adipo 棕色脂肪组织Brugada Syndrome Brugada综合征buffer base, BB 缓冲碱Burkholderia pseudomallei 类鼻疽伯克霍尔德菌burn shoch 烧伤性休克butyrolactone 丁内酯bystander cell 旁观者细胞β2—Microglobulin，β2Mβ2-微球蛋白β—amyloid precursor protein β—淀粉样前体蛋白β-amyloid protein β—淀粉样蛋白β-endorphin β-内啡肽β-lactams β—内酰胺类CC cytochrome C,Cyto-C 细胞色素C1—esterase inhibitor C1酯酶抑制物Ca2+ ionophore Ca2+离子载体cadherin 钙离子依赖的细胞黏附素cadherins 钙粘蛋白calcitonin ，CT 降钙素calcitonin gene related protein CGRP 降钙素基因相关蛋白calcium dyshomeostasis 钙稳态失衡calcium leak Ca2+泄漏calcium overload 钙超载calcium paradox 钙反常calcium transient Ca2+瞬变calmodulin，CaM 钙调蛋白calmodulin-dependent kinase II，CaMK II 钙调蛋白依赖性激酶II calmodulin-dependent kinase，CaMK 钙调蛋白依赖性激酶cancer 癌症cancer stem cells,CSC 肿瘤干细胞capping protein 加帽蛋白carbon dioxide narcosis 二氧化碳麻醉carbon monoxide，CO 一氧化碳carbonic anhydrase，CA 碳酸酐酶carboxyhemoglobin，HbCO 碳氧血红蛋白carcinoembryonic antigen，CEA 癌胚抗原carcinogen 致癌物cardiac asthma 心源性哮喘cardiac edema 心性水肿cardiac index,CI 心脏指数cardiac insufficiency 心功能不全cardiac output，CO 心输出量cardiac resynchronization therapy,CRT 心脏再同步治疗cardiogenic shock 心源性休克carnitine palmitoyl transferase—1，CPT-1 肉碱脂酰转移酶—1 caspase 半胱天冬酶caspase—like apoptosis regulatory protein，CLARP 半胱天冬酶样凋亡调节蛋白Caspase—recruitment domain，CARD 凋亡蛋白酶募集结构域catabolic process 分解代谢过程catecholamine 儿茶酚胺catecholamine，CA 儿茶酚胺Catypical protein kinase C，aPKC 非典型性蛋白激酶CDK inhibitor，CKI CDK抑制因子CDK-activating kinase，CAK CDK活化激酶CEA 癌胚抗原cell adhesion molecule，CAM 细胞粘附分子cell cycle 细胞周期Cell Damage 细胞损伤cell differentiation 细胞分化cell division 细胞分裂cell division cycle 2，CDC2 细胞分裂周期2cell pathology 细胞病理学cell proliferation 细胞增殖cell signaling 细胞信号传递cell stress 细胞应激cellular hydration 细胞水合cellular oncogene 细胞癌基因central nervous system CNS 中枢神经系统central pain 中枢性疼痛central venous pressure，CVP 中心静脉压centrosome 中心体cerebral cortex 大脑皮层chaperokine 伴侣因子chaperon mediated autophagy，CMA 分子伴侣介导的自噬checkpoint 检测点chemokine 趋化因子chemokine receptors 趋化因子受体chemoprevention 化学预防cholecystokinin CCK 胆囊收缩素choline acetyl transferase ChAT 胆碱乙酰基转移酶chondroitin sulfate 硫酸软骨素chromatin body 染色质小体chromosomal aberration 染色体畸变chromosomal instability，CIN 染色体不稳定chromosome instability 染色体不稳定性chronic bronchitis 慢性支气管炎chronic inflammationsyndrome 慢性炎症综合征chronic obstructive pulmonary disease，COPD 慢性阻塞性肺疾病chronic renal failure，CRF 慢性肾功能衰竭ciliary neurotrophic factor CNTF 睫状神经营养因子ciliary neurotrophic factor，CNTF 睫状神经营养因子circulatory hypoxia 循环性缺氧cirrhosis of liver 肝硬化cis—acting element 顺式作用元件cis—acting element 顺式作用元件cis—regulatory module 顺式调节模块c-Jun N terminal kinase，JNK c-Jun N端蛋白激酶class I PI3K protein I类PI3K蛋白clot 血凝块cluster 集簇coactivator 共激活因子coagulation 凝血Coding—region SNPs，cSNPs 基因编码区SNPs cognitive appraisal 认知评价cognitive disorder，cognitive handicap 认知障碍cold inducible RNA-binding protein 寒冷诱导的RNA结合蛋白cold sensitive neuron 冷敏神经元cold shock 冷休克cold shock protein 冷休克蛋白cold shock response 冷休克反应cold stress 冷应激collagen 胶原collagenases 胶原酶coma 昏迷代偿性抗炎反应综合征compensatory anti-inflammatory responsesyndrome，CARScompensatory stage of shock 休克代偿期complement,C 补体complete recovery 完全康复complex multisite variants 复合性多位点变异concentric hypertrophy 向心性肥大confusion 意识模糊congestive hypoxia 淤血性缺氧conjugated bilirubin 结合胆红conscious disturbance 意识障碍consciousness 意识constipation 便秘constitutive expression 基础表达content of consciousness 意识内容contraction alkalosis 浓缩性碱中毒copy number variant，CNV 。
病理生理学词汇
degeneration 变性，溃变..
diffuse glomerulonephritis 弥漫性肾小球肾炎
disease 疾病..
dry gangrene 干性坏疽..
duodenal ulcer 十二指肠溃疡
dysplasia 发育不良..
edema 水肿
embolism 栓塞..
pericardium 心包
physiologic atrophy 生理性萎缩
piecemeal necrosis 碎片状坏死
pituitary adenoma 垂体腺瘤
polypoid adenoma 息肉状腺瘤
primary complex 原发综合征
proliferation 增殖
afterload 后负荷
anatomic shunt 解剖短路
anoxia 缺氧
anuria 无尿
autoinfusion 自身输液
autotransfusion 自身输血
azotemia 氮质血症
blood urea nitrogen (BUN) 血尿素氮
brain death 脑死亡
squamous cell carcinoma 扁平上皮癌，鳞状上皮癌
stage of congestion 充血期
stage of gray hepatization 灰色肝样变期
stage of red hepatization 红色肝样变期
subacute inflammation 亚急性炎
embolus 栓子..
emphysema 肺气肿
病理生理学名词中英文对照
病理生理学名词中英文对照病理生理学pathophysiology脑死亡brain death临终关怀hospice care 水电解质代谢紊乱脱水dehydration低渗性脱水hypotonic dehydration 高渗性脱水hypertonic dehydration 等渗性脱水isotonic dehydration 水中毒water intoxication水肿edema全身性水肿anasarca 滤过分数filtration fraction潴留retention低钾血症hypokalemia反常性酸性尿paradoxical acidic urine 高钾血症hyperkalemia反常性碱性尿paradoxical alkaline urine酸碱平衡紊乱挥发酸volatile acid固定酸fixed acid标准碳酸氢盐standard bicarbonate,SB 实际碳酸氢盐actual bicarbonate,AB 缓冲碱buffer base，BB碱剩余base excess,BE 阴离子间隙anion gap，AG代谢性酸中毒metabolic acidosis 乳酸酸中毒lactic acidosis酮症酸中毒keto-acidosis呼吸性酸中毒respiratory acidosis慢性阻塞性肺病chronic obstructive pulmonary disease，COPD肺性脑病pulmonary encephalopathy 代谢性碱中毒metabolic alkalosis盐水反应性碱中毒saline-responsive alkalosis盐水抵抗性碱中毒saline-resistant alkalosis呼吸性碱中毒respiratory alkalosis双重性酸碱失衡double acid-base disorders 缺氧缺氧hypoxia血氧分压partial pressure of oxygen，PO2 血氧容量oxygen binding capacity，CO2max 血氧含量oxygen content，CO2低张性缺氧hypotonic hypoxia乏养性缺氧hypoxic hypoxia发绀cyanosis血液型缺氧hemic hypoxia等张性缺氧isotonic hypoxia 碳氧血红蛋白carboxyhemoglobin，HbCO 高铁血红蛋白methemoglobin，HbFe3+OH 肠源性发绀enterogenous cyanosis循环性缺氧circulatory hypoxia低动力性缺氧hypokinetic hypoxia缺血性缺氧ischemic hypoxia组织性缺氧histogenous hypoxia氧利用障碍性缺氧dysoxidative hypoxia 高原肺水肿high altitude pulmonary edema周期性呼吸periodic breat发热发热fever 过热hyperthermia 视前区下丘脑前部preoptic anterior hypothalamus，POAH内毒素endotoxin，ET致热原pyrogen中杏仁核medial amygdaloid nucleus稽留期fastigium腹中隔ventral septal area，VSA前列腺素prostaglandin，PG热限febrile ceiling应激应激stress良性应激eustress 劣性应激distress 交感-肾上腺髓质系统sympathetic-adrenal medulla system去甲肾上腺素norepinephrine，NE应激性溃疡stress ulcer肠易激综合征irritable bowel syndrome，糖皮质激素glucocorticoid，GC蓝斑locus ceruleus 边缘系统limbic system室旁核paraventricular nucleus抗利尿激素antidiuretic hormone，ADH 急性期反应蛋白acute phase protein，AP下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺皮质系统hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal cortex system，HPA缺血-再灌注损伤缺血-再灌注损伤ischemia-reperfusion injury，IRI缺血后适应postconditioning氧自由基oxygen free radical黄嘌呤氧化酶xanthine oxidase，XO黄嘌呤脱氢酶xanthine dehydrogenase，XD 呼吸爆发respiratory burst氧爆发oxygen burst 脂质过氧化lipid peroxidation钙超载calcium overload心肌顿抑myocardial stunning再灌注心律失常reperfusion arrhythmia 胀亡oncosis休克休克shock虚脱collapse脓毒性休克septic shock 过敏性休克anaphylactic shock脓毒症sepsis低血容量性休克hypovolemic shock 血管源性休克vasogenic shock微循环microcirculation一氧化氮nitric oxide，NO休克代偿期ischemic anoxia phase 休克失代偿期decompensatory stage 淤血性缺氧期stagnant anoxia phase 白细胞滚动rolling微循环衰竭期microcirculatory failure phase无复流现象no-reflow phenomenon全身炎症反应综合征systemic inflammatory response syndrome，SIRS 急性呼吸窘迫综合征acute respiratorydistress syndrome，ARDS休克肺shock lung多器官功能障碍综合征mutilple organ dysfunction syndrome，MODS 抗凝血平衡紊乱纤溶酶原激活物plasminogen activator，PA弥漫性血管内凝血disseminated intravascular coagulation，DIC裂体细胞schistocyte微血管病性溶血性贫血microangiopathic hemolytic anemia心功能不全心功能不全cardiac insufficiency心力衰竭heart failure前负荷preload容量负荷volume load后负荷afterload压力负荷pressure load低输出量性心力衰竭low output heart failure高输出量性心力衰竭high output heart failure心室重塑ventricular remodeling离心性肥大eccentric hypertrophy颈静脉充盈engorgement of neck vein 肺水肿pulmonary edema 呼吸困难dyspnea劳力性呼吸困难dyspnea on exertion 向心性肥大concentric hypertrophy 心性哮喘cardiac asthma夜间阵发性呼吸困难paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea端坐呼吸orthopnea肺功能不全呼吸衰竭respiratory failure低氧血症型呼吸衰竭hypoxemic respiratory failure伴有高碳酸血症性低氧血症呼吸衰竭hypercapnic respiratory failure限制性通气不足restrictive hypoventilation 阻塞性通气不足obstructive hypoventilation 吸气性呼吸困难inspiratory dyspnea 呼气性呼吸困难expiratory dyspnea弥散障碍diffusion impairment通气与血流比例失调ventilation-perfusion imbalance功能性分流functional shunt静脉血掺杂venous admixture死腔样通气dead space like ventilation 解剖分流anatomic shunt 真性分流true shunt急性呼吸窘迫综合症acute respiratory distress syndrome，ARDS 慢性阻塞性肺病chronic obstructive pulmonary disease，COPD CO2麻醉carbon dioxide narcosis肺性脑病pulmonary encephalopathy肝功能不全肝功能不全hepatic insufficiency肝功能衰竭hepatic failure肝性脑病hepatic encephalopathy，HE 肝昏迷hepatic coma 扑翼样震颤asterixis氨中毒学说ammonia intoxication hypothesis假性神经递质学说false neurotransmitter hypothesis苯乙醇胺phenylethanolamine 羟苯乙醇胺octpamine 氨基酸失衡学说amino acid imbalance hypothesis芳香族氨基酸aromatic amino acid，AAA 支链氨基酸branched chain amino，BCAA GABA 学说GABA hypothesis肝肾综合症hepatorenal syndrome，HRS肾功能不全肾功能不全renal insufficiency 肾功能衰竭renal failure急性肾功能衰竭acute renal failure，ARF 慢性肾功能不全chronic renal failure，CRF 尿毒症uremia肾前性急性肾功能衰竭prerenal failure 功能性肾功能衰竭functional renal failure 肾前性氮质血症prerenal azotemia肾性急性肾功能衰竭intrarenal failure器质性肾功能衰竭parenchymal renal failure肾小管细胞和间质细胞损伤学说tubular and interstitial cells lesion hypothesis 急性肾小管坏死acute tubular necrosis，ATN肾后性急性肾功能衰竭postrenal failure 肾后性氮质血症postrenal azotemia少尿oliguria无尿anuria 多尿polyuria氮质血症azotemia健存肾单位假说intant nephron hypothesis 矫枉失衡学说trade-off hypothesis肾小球过度滤过假说glomerular hyperfiltration hypothesis夜尿nocturia等渗尿isothenuria低渗尿hyposthenuria血浆氮质尿blood urea nitrogen，BUN 高磷血症hyperphosphatemia高钾血症hyperkalemia肾性骨营养不良renal osteodystrophy 肾性高血压renal hypertension钠依赖性高血压sodium-dependent hypertension 肾素依赖性高血压renin-dependent hypertension 肾性贫血renal anemia终末期肾功能衰竭end-stage renal failure，ESRF 尿毒症性脑病uremic encephalopathy尿素霜urea cream。
2023年最全考博病理生理学名词解释带英文
病理生理学（Pathologic Physiology或Pathophysiology），是基础医学理论学科之一，它同时还肩负着基础医学课程到临床课程之间的桥梁作用。
它的任务是研究疾病发生的因素和条件，研究整个疾病过程中的患病机体的机能、代谢的动态变化及其发生机理，从而揭示疾病发生、发展和转归的规律，阐明疾病的本质，为疾病的防治提供理论基础。
1、水肿（edema）：体液在组织间隙或体腔积聚过多，称为水肿2、代谢性碱中毒（metabolic alkalosis）：由于血浆中NaHCO3原发性增长，继而引起H2CO3含量改变，使NaHCO3/H2CO3＞20/1，血浆pH升高的病理改变。
3、代谢性酸中毒（metabolic acidosis）：由于血浆中NaHCO3原发性减少，继而引起H2CO3含量改变，使NaHCO3/ H2CO3<20/1，血浆PH值下降的病理过程。
4、呼吸性碱中毒（respiratory alkalosis）：由于血浆中H2CO3原发性减少，使血浆NaHCO3/H2CO3增长，血浆pH 值升高的病理过程。
5、呼吸性酸中毒（respiratory acidosis）：由于血浆中H2CO3原发性增长，使NaHCO3/H2减少，血浆pH值下降的病理过程。
6、缺氧(hypoxia)：是指因组织的氧气供应局限性或用氧障碍，而导致组织的代谢、功能和形态结构发生异常变化的病理过程。
缺氧是临床各种疾病中极常见的一类病理过程，脑、心脏等生命重要器官缺氧也是导致机体死亡的重要因素。
并且，由于动脉血氧含量明显减少导致组织供氧局限性，又称为低氧血症（hypoxemia ）。
7、发热（fever）：由于致热原的作用，使体温调节中枢的调定点上移，而引起的调节性体温升高称为发热。
8、应激（stress）：机体在受到各种因素刺激时，所出现的非特异性全身反映称为应激。
9、弥散性血管内凝血（DIC）：在某些致病因素作用下，使体内凝血系统激活，从而引起微血管内发生纤维蛋白沉积和血小板凝集，形成弥散性微血栓，并继而引起凝血因子损耗、纤溶系统激活和多发性微血栓栓塞的综合病症。
病理生理学英文名词解释精选
1.DiseaseDisease is referred as an aberrant manifestation of homeostatic disturbances caused by harmful agents.2.Causative factor / pathogenic causeCausative factor or pathogenic cause is referred as the factor that can cause a disease and determine its specificity.3.HypoxiaHypoxia can be defined as a deficiency in either oxygen delivery or its utilization at the tissue level or the deficiency of both, which can lead to changes in function, metabolism and even structure of the body.4.CyanosisCyanosis refers to the violaceous color of skin and mucous membranes which occurs as the deoxyhemoglobin concentration of the blood in capillaries becomes greater than 5g/dl.5.Hemic hypoxiaHemic hypoxia refers to hypoxia resulting from a low carrying capacity of oxygen in the blood caused by an altered affinity of Hb for oxygen or a decrease in the amount of Hb in the blood.nterogenous cyanosisWhen pickled vegetables containing nitrate are consumed in large amounts, the reabsorbed nitrate reacts with HbFe2+to form HbFe3+OH. The color of skin becomes coffee color. This phenomenon is called enterogenous cyanosis.schemic hypoxiaThe deficiency of blood perfusion to tissues caused by decreased arterial pressure or obstruction of arteries is called ischemic hypoxia.8.FeverFever is a complicated pathological process characterized by a regulated elevation of core body temperature, in which the hypothalamic set point is temporarily reset at an elevated temperature in response to pyretic substances.yrogenic activatorsFever can be caused by a number of microorganisms and non-microbial pyretic substances, which are collectively called pyrogenic activators.10.Endogenous pyrogensEndogenous pyrogens are described as cytokines inducing fever, which are produced and released by EP cells, such as interleukin-1, tumor necrosis factor, etc.It is defined as a systemic nonspecific response of the body to environmental demands or pressures made upon it.12.StressorThe stimulus that provokes a stress response is referred to as stressor.13.ShockShock is a pathological process caused by various drastic etiological factors, which is characterized by microcirculation failure resulting from decreased effective circulatory blood volume and inadequate tissue perfusion with the results of cellular metabolism impediment and dysfunction of multiple vital organ.uto blood transfusionAt the early stage of shock, vessel constriction because of release of a large amount of vasoconstrictors may mobilize the stored blood to participate in the circulation, which is considered as compensation of venous return.uto fluid transfusionAt the early stage of shock, significant decrease of hydrostatic pressure in capillary may drive fluid to shift from interstitial space to the vascular compartment, and as a result, the plasma volume can be partly restored as a compensatory response isseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)DIC is a pathological process caused by disturbance of the kinetic balance between coagulation and anticoagulation systems (including fibrinolytic system). Etiologic factors activate extensive intravascular coagulation and secondary fibrinolysis. Theclinical features of DIC are bleeding, shock, organ dysfunction and microangiopathic hemolytic anemia.17.Heart failureHeart failure is a pathological process in which the systolic or/ and diastolic function of the heart is impaired, and as a result, cardiac output decreases and is unable to meet the metabolic demands of the body.18.High-output failureHigh-output failure indicates that the cardiac output may be supra- normal but inadequate owing to excessive metabolic needs. The causes of high-output heart failure include severe anemia, fever, hyperthyroidism and pregnancy, etc.schemia- reperfusion injuryThe restoration of blood flow after transient ischemia may be associated with further reversible or irreversible cell damage, which is called ischemia-reperfusion injury or reperfusion injury.20.Calcium overloadCalcium overload refers to that intracellular content of calcium is increased abnormally during ischemia and reperfusion, which results in the disorder of cellular structure and function.21.Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS)Systemic inflammatory response syndrome is a hard-controlling systemic inflammatory cascade caused by severe infectious or non-infectious factors. It leads to disorders of microcirculatory perfusion of organs and finally to secondary organ dysfunction.22.Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS)Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome is defined as a progressive dysfunction of two or more organs or systems resulting from an uncontrolled systemic inflammatory response to a severe illness or injury.nion gap (AG)It is the deference between the concentrations of unmeasured anion (UA) and unmeasured cation (UC) in plasma (AG=UA-UC). The AG value can be obtained by calculating the difference between plasma concentration of major measuredcation (Na +) and the sum of the plasma concentrations of major measured anions (Cl - and HCO 3-), that is, AG = [Na +] - ([Cl -]+ [HCO 3-]). Its normal range is 12±2 mmol/L.24.EdemaEdema means that excessive fluid accumulates in interstitial compartment and some cavities in the body.25.Brain deathBrain death is a state of permanent irreversible cessation of whole brain activity. At that time, the function of the patient's body as a whole body has stopped forever.。
病理生理学中英文对照
中英文对照α1antichymotrypsinα1抗糜蛋白α1antitrypsinα1抗胰蛋白-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4 -isoxa-zolep-propionate,AMPA-氨基-3-羟基-5-甲基-4-异恶丙酸α-ketoglutarateα酮戊二酸盐β2-microglobulinβ2－微球蛋白-aminobutyricacid,GABA -氨基丁酸1-hydroxylase1-羟化酶1α,25-dihydroxyvitaminD3，1,25-[OH]2D31α,25-二羟基维生素D3 1,2-diacylglycerol,DAG甘油二酯1,4,5-inositoltriphosphate,IP3三磷酸肌醇acetylcholine,Ach乙酰胆碱acidosis酸中毒acromegaly肢端肥大症actionpotentialduration,APD动作电位时程ActivatedproteinCresistance,APAPC抵抗CRAcutephaseproteins急性期蛋白acuterenalfailure，ARF急性肾功能衰竭acuterespiratorydistresssyndro急性呼吸窘迫综合征meacuterespiratorydistresssyndrome,ARDS急性呼吸窘迫综合征acutetubularnecrosis，ATN急性肾小管坏死adalylatecyclase,AC腺苷酸环化酶adeninenucleotide腺瞟呤核苷adhesionmolecule粘附分子adrenocorticalinsufficiency肾上腺皮质功能不全advancedglycosylationendproduc晚期糖基化终末产物t,AGEagonosia失认airwayclosure气道闭合albuminuria蛋白尿aldosterone醛固酮aliphaticamines脂肪胺alkalosis碱中毒allergicalpurpura过敏性紫癜Alzheimer’sdisease,AD阿尔茨海默病-黑素细胞刺激素 -melanocytestimulatinghormone,-MSHammonia氨Ammoniaintoxication氨中毒ammonium，NH4+铵amyloidprecursorprotein,APP淀粉样前体蛋白amyloidosis淀粉性变性病anaphylacticshock过敏性休克anasarca全身性水肿anatomicshunt解剖分流anemia贫血angiotensin血管紧张素angiotensinIIreceptorantagonist血管紧张素II受体拮抗剂s，AngIIRAangiotensinII，AngII血管紧张素II angiotensinase血管紧张肽酶angiotensin-convertingenzymein血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂hibitors,ACEIangiotensin-convertingenzyme,A血管紧张素转换酶CEaniongap(AG)阴离子间隙ankyrin锚蛋白anorexia食欲减退antidiuretichormone，ADH抗利尿激素anti-inflammatorymediator抗炎介质AntithrombinIII(ATIII)抗凝血酶III anuria无尿aphasia失语apolipoproteinE,apoE载脂蛋白E apoptosis凋亡apoptosisactivatingfactor(apaf-1)凋亡激活因子apoptosis-inducingfactor(AIF)凋亡诱导因子apraxia失用aquaporins(AQPs)水通道蛋白arachidonicacid，AA花生四烯酸argininevasopressin(AVP)精氨酸加压素aromaticaminoacids芳香族氨基酸arrhythmmias心律失常arteriosclerosis动脉硬化ascendingreticularactivatingsyst上行激动系统em,ARASascendingreticularinhibitingsyst上行抑制系统em,ARISascites腹水ataxia-telangiectasiamutated(ATM)共济失调性毛细血管扩张突变ATP-sensitiveK+channels,K ATP ATP敏感的钾通道atrialnatriureticpeptide(ANP)心房利钠多肽autocrine自分泌autoimmunedisease自身免疫性疾病auto-transfusion自我输血(液) azotemia氮质血症basementmembrane基底膜BaxBcl-2family Bcl-2家族behavioraltemperatureregulatio行为性体温调节nsbicarbonatebuffersystem碳酸氢盐缓冲系bicarbonatereclamation碳酸氢盐回收bicarbonateregeneration碳酸氢盐再生成bioactivesubstances生物活性物质bloodbrainbarrier(BBB)血脑屏障bloodureanitrogen，BUN血液尿素氮bodyfluids体液bradykinin缓激肽brainstemreticularformation脑干网状结构brain-derivedneurotrophicfactor脑源性神经营养因子,BDNFbranchchainaminoacids支链氨基酸buffersystem缓冲系统burnshock烧伤性休克butyleneglycol,丁二醇cachexia恶病质calcitonin(CT)降钙素calciumoverload钙超载calciumparadox钙反常carbamidine胍carbondioxideanaesthenia二氧化碳麻醉carbonmonoxide，CO一氧化碳carbonicanhydrase，CA碳酸酐酶carboxyhemoglobulinemia碳氧血红蛋白血症cardiacdilatation心室扩张cardiachypertrophy心肌肥大cardiacoutput心排出量cardiogenicshock心源性休克caspase半胱氨酸天冬酶cast管型，脱落物catalase过氧化氢酶catecholamines,Cas儿茶酚胺CDKinhibitors(CKIs)细胞周期素依赖性激酶抑制因子cellapoptosis细胞凋亡cellcycle细胞周期celldifferentiation细胞分化cellproliferation细胞增殖centralvenouspressure,CVP中心静脉压cerebralcortex大脑皮层Ceruloplasmin铜蓝蛋白checkpoint细胞周期检查点cholecystokinin,CCK胆囊收缩素cholera霍乱cholineacetyltransferase胆碱乙酰转移酶chronicalcoholism慢性酒精中毒chronicrenalfailure，CRF慢性肾功能衰竭ciliaryneurotrophicfactor,CNTF睫状神经营养因子circulatoryhypoxia循环性缺氧clearancerateofendogenouscreat内生肌酐清除率ininecognitivedisorder认知障碍collectingducts集合管colloidosmoticpressure胶体渗透压coma昏迷Compensatoryanti-inflammatory代偿性抗炎反应综合征responsesyndrome,CARSconcentrichypertrophy向心性肥大confusion精神错乱confusion意识混浊consciousdisorder意识障碍consciousness意识corticotrophinreleasinghormone(促肾上腺皮质激素释放激素CRH)C-reactiveprotein C-反应蛋白creatinine肌氨酸酐CreutzfeldtJokobdisease,CJD海绵状脑病crosstalk交叉对话crushsyndrom挤压综合症cyanate氰酸盐cyclicadenosinemonophosphate(c环磷酸腺苷AMP)cyclin细胞周期素cyclin-dependentkinases(CDK)细胞周期素依赖性激酶cyclooxygenases环加氧酶cylindruria管型尿cysteine-asparticacid-proteases半胱氨酸-天冬氨酸-蛋白酶，caspasecytochromeC细胞色素c cytoplasmicapoptosome胞浆凋亡体deadspacelikeventilation死腔样通气deathreceptor死亡受体deathsignal死亡信号delayedafterdepolarization延迟后除极delirium谵妄dementia痴呆desensitization减敏diabetesmellitus糖尿病diabeticketoacidosis糖尿病酮症酸中毒diabeticnephropathy糖尿病肾病diamineoxidase二胺氧化酶diarrhea腹泻，痢疾diastolicfailure舒张性心衰differentiation-inducingdrugs分化诱导药物diffusiondisorder弥散障碍disseminatedintravascularcoagul弥散性血管内凝血ation,DICdistalconvolutedtubules远曲小管distress劣性应激Distributiveshock分布性休克disturbanceinexecutivefunctioni失行ngdisulfide(disulphide)，-SS-二硫化合物，二硫键DNAmethylation DNA甲基化Dopamine多巴胺dopaminedecarboxylase多巴胺脱羧酶dopaminergicneurons多巴胺能神经元dopamine-β-hydroxylase多巴胺β羟化酶down-regulate下调dyspnea呼吸困难eccentrichypertrophy离心性肥大ecchymosis瘀斑edema水肿electrolyte电解质emaciate消瘦，憔悴end-diastolicpressure舒张末期压力endocrine内分泌endogenouspyrogens内生致热原endonuclease核酸内切酶endothelialcell内皮细胞endothelin，ET内皮素Endotheliumderivedvasoactivem内皮源性血管活性介质ediatorsendotoxemia内毒素血症endotoxicshock内毒素休克endotoxin内毒素end-stagerenalfailure肾衰末期epidermalgrowthfactor,EGF表皮生长因子,上皮生长因子equalpressurepoint等压点erythropoietin，EPO促红细胞生成素essentialhypertension原发性高血压eustress良性应激excitatoryneurotransmitter兴奋性神经递质excitatorytoxicity兴奋性毒性excoriation表皮脱落exogenouspyrogens外致热原expiratorydyspnea呼气性呼吸困难extracellularfluid细胞外液extracellularmatrix，ECM细胞外基貭extracellularsignalregulatedkina细胞外信号调节激酶se,ERKfalseneurotransmitters假性神经递质familialhypokalemicperiodicparal家族性低钾性周期性麻痹ysisfever发热fibroblastgrowthfactor;FGF纤维母细胞生长因子fibroblasts纤维原细胞，纤维母细胞fixedacid固定酸forwardmode正向转运Frank-Starlingmechanism弗-斯机制freeradical自由基fulminanthepaticfailure爆发性肝功能衰竭functionalshunt功能性分流gamma-aminobutyricacidγ-氨基丁酸Generaladaptationsyndrome(GA全身适应综合征S)gigantism巨人症glia-derivedneurotrophicfactor,胶质源性神经营养因子GDNFglomerularfiltrationrate,GRF肾小球滤过率glomerularhyperfiltrationhypoth肾小球过渡滤过假说esisglomerularultrafiltrationcoeffici肾小球超滤系数entglomerular-tubularimbalance球管失平衡glomerulonephritis肾小球肾炎glomerulosclerosis肾小球硬化glucagon胰高血糖素glucoseautooxidation葡萄糖自氧化glucuronicacid葡萄糖醛酸Glutamate谷氨酸glutaminase谷氨酰胺酶glutathioneperoxidase谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶glycation糖化glycosylation糖基化gout痛风growthhormone,GH生长激素guanidinecompound胍类化合物guanidinesuccinicacid胍基琥珀酸guanylin鸟苷素guanylylcyclase,GC鸟苷酸环化酶[HCO3-]碳酸氢盐浓度heartfailure心衰Heatshockproteins(HSP)热休克蛋白heat-shockfactor(HSF.)热休克因子heavymetals重金属hematomas血肿hematuria血尿hemeoxygenase，HO血红素加氧酶hemichypoxia血液性缺氧hemochromatosis血色素沉着病hemorrhagicshock失血性休克Henderson-Hasselbalchequation Henderson-Hasselbalch公式Henle'sloop亨利氏襻hepaticencephalopathy(HE)肝性脑病Hepaticfailure肝功能衰竭Hepaticinsufficiency肝功能不全hepatorenalsyndrome（HRS）肝肾综合征highaltitudepulmonaryedema高原肺水肿highoutputheartfailure高输出量性心衰Histamine组胺histogenoushypoxia组织性缺氧homeostasis稳态Huntingtondisease神经性舞蹈病hydrogenperoxide过氧化氢hydrophobicity疏水性hydrops积水hydrostaticpressure流体静压hydroxylradicals,OH·羟自由基hydroxylations羟基化作用hyperaldosteronism醛固酮过多症Hyperarousal唤起、警觉过度hypercalcemia高钙血症hypercapnia高碳酸血症hypercapnicrespiratoryfailure高碳酸血症性呼吸衰竭hypercontracture过度挛缩hyperglycemia高糖血症hyperkalemia高钾血症hyperkalemicperiodicparalysis高钾性周期性麻痹hyperlipidemia高脂血症hypermagnesemia高镁血症hypernatremia高钠血症hyperphosphatemia高磷血症hyperpolarizationblocking超级化阻滞hypersensitivity增敏hypertensivenephrosclerosis高血压性肾硬化hyperthermia过热hypertonicdehydration高渗性脱水hypertrophy肥大hyperventilation过度通气hypocalcemia低钙血症Hypoglycemia低血糖症Hypokalemia低钾血症hypomagnesemia低镁血症hyponatremia低钠血症hypoperfusion低灌注hypophosphatemia低磷血症hyposthenuria低渗尿Hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺皮质轴cortex(HPA)axishypotonicdehydration低渗性脱水hypotonichypoxemia低张性低氧血症hypotonichypoxia低张性缺氧hypovolumicshock低血容量性休克hypoxemicrespiratoryfailure低氧血症性呼吸衰竭hypoxia缺氧hypoxiccelldamage缺氧性细胞损伤hypoxicencephalopathy缺氧性脑病hypoxicpulmonaryhypertension(缺氧性肺血管收缩HPV)Hysteria癔症IL-1receptorantagonist,,IL-1ra IL-1受体拮抗剂inappetence食欲不振independentriskfactors独立风险因子indoles吲哚infectiousshock感染性休克inhibitorofapoptosis(IAP)凋亡抑制蛋白inosine次黄嘌呤核苷，肌苷inspiratorydyspnea吸气性呼吸困难insulingrowthfactor;IGF胰岛素生长因子insulinlikegrowthfactor-1，IGF-1胰岛素样生长因子-1 insulinreceptorsubstrate1/2,IRS胰岛素受体底物1/2 -1/2insulin-dependentdiabetes胰岛素依赖性糖尿病intactnephronhypothesis健存肾单位假说intercellularadhesionmolecucle-1细胞间粘附分子-1 ,ICAM-1interferons(IFNs)干扰素interleukin白细胞介素interleukin-1,IL-1白介素-1 internalenvironment内环境interstitialfibrosis间貭纤维化interstitialfluid组织间液intracellularfluid细胞内液intracrine内在分泌intraglomerularcapillarypressure肾小球毛细血管血压intrarenalacuterenalfailure肾性急性肾功能衰竭Intrusion烦扰ischemiainjury缺血性损伤ischemia-reperfusioninjury缺血-再灌注损伤Ischemichypoxiastage缺血缺氧期isohydricprinciple等H+原则isosthenuria等渗尿isotonicdehydration等渗性脱水isotonichypoxemia等张性低氧血症Januskinase,JAK JAK激酶juxtaglomerularapparatus近球小体，球旁器juxtaglomerularcells近球细胞，球旁器细胞kallikreinkininprostaglandinsyste激肽释放酶-激肽-前列腺素系统m,KKPGSkininogen激肽原leftventricular(LV)failure左心衰竭lethargy嗜睡，无生气leukotrienes白三烯lipidperoxidation脂质过氧化lipochromes脂色素lipopolysaccharide,LPS脂多糖lipoxygenase脂加氧酶Locusceruleus(LC)-norepinephrin eneurons(NE)-sympathetic/adre nalmedullaaxis 蓝斑-去甲肾上腺素神经元-交感上腺髓质轴lowoutputheartfailure低输出量性心衰lupuserythematosus红斑狼疮lysophospholipids溶血磷脂lysosomicenzymes溶酶体酶macrophage-inflammatoryprotein-1(MIP-1)巨噬细胞炎症蛋白-1 maculadensa致密斑maldistributiveshock分布异常性休克malignanthypertension恶性高血压malondialdehyde丙二醛mechanicalventilation机械通气medullarythickascendinglimb,mT髓襻升支粗段ALMemory记忆mesangialcell肾小球系膜细胞mesangium系膜metabolicacidosis代谢性酸中毒metabolicalkalosis代谢性碱中毒methemoglobulinemia变性血红蛋白血症methylguanidine甲基胍Microangiopathichemolyticanemi微血管病性溶血性贫血amicrocirculatorydisturbances微循环障碍microtubule微管middlemolecules中分子mineralocorticoidreceptor，MCR盐皮质激素受体mitogen-activatedproteinkinase丝裂原活化蛋白激酶mixedacid-basedisorders混合性酸碱失衡mixedantagonistresponsesyndro混合性拮抗反应综合征me,MARSmolecularchaperone分子伴娘monoamineneurotransmitter单胺类神经递质multipleorgandysfunctionsyndro多器官功能障碍综合征me,MODSmultipleorganfailure,MOF多器官衰竭myocardialdepressantfactor,MD心肌抑制因子Fmyocardialhypertrophy心肌肥大myocardialstunning心肌顿抑myofilament肌丝myoinositol肌醇Na+/Ca2+exchanger钠钙交换蛋白Na+/H+exchanger钠氢交换蛋白natriureticpeptide尿钠肽nausea恶心，晕船necrosis坏死necroticlesion坏死性损伤nephrotoxiclesion肾毒性损伤neurogenicshock神经源性休克neuroglia胶质细胞neuron神经元neuropeptide神经肽neurotensin神经降压肽neurotransmitter神经递质neutrophil嗜中性粒细胞nitricoxidesynthase一氧化氮合酶nitricoxide,NO一氧化氮N-methyl-D-aspatate N-甲基-D-门冬氨酸non-insulin-dependent-diabetes非胰岛素依赖性糖尿病mellitus,NIDDMnonoliguricARF非少尿型急性肾功能衰竭nonvolatileacid非挥发酸norproteinnitrogen，NPN非蛋白氮no-reflowphenomenon无复流现象Norepinephrine去甲肾上腺素normocyticnormochromicanemia正常红细胞正常色素性贫血nuclearfactorκB,NF-κB核因子κB obstructiveshock阻塞性休克obstructiveventilatorydisorder阻塞性通气障碍oliguria少尿oncoticpressure胶体渗透压organfailurestage器官衰竭期organumvasculosumlaminaetermi下丘脑终板血管器nalis(OVLT)orthopnea端坐性呼吸困难osteitisfibrosa纤维性骨炎osteomalacia骨软化osteoporosis骨质疏松症osteosclerosis骨硬化oxalicacid草酸oxidativestress氧化应激oxidizedglutathione，GSSG氧化谷胱甘肽oxygenburst氧爆发oxygencapacity(CO2max)氧容量oxygenconsumptionrate耗氧率oxygencontent(CO2)氧含量oxygenfreeradical氧自由基oxygenintoxication氧中毒oxygenparadox氧反常Oxygensaturation(SO2)氧饱和度oxygentherapy氧疗P53PaCO2动脉血二氧化碳分压paracrine旁分泌paradoxicalaciduria反常性酸性尿paradoxicalalkalineurine反常性碱性尿parathyroidhormone,PTH甲状旁腺激素Parkinsondisease帕金森病partialpressureofoxygen(PO2)氧分压perfusion灌注periarteritisnodosa动脉周围炎permeability通透性peroxidation过氧化peroxynite(ONOO)过氧亚硝酸盐Peroxynitriteanion,ONOO-过氧亚硝酸阴离子pH pHpHparadox pH反常phosphatidylinositol4,5-diphopha磷脂酰肌醇二磷酸te,PIP2phosphatidylinositolsystem磷脂酰肌醇系统phosphoinsitol3’kinase,PI3K磷脂酰肌醇3激酶phospholipase磷脂酶phospholipaseC,PLC磷脂酶C phosphorylation磷酸化physiologicaltemperatureregulat生理性体温调节ionpittingedema凹陷性水肿Plasminogenactivatorinhibitor(P纤溶酶原激活物抑制物AI)platelet-activatingfactor,PAF血小板活化因子platelet-derivedgrowthfactor;P血小板源性生长因子DGFpolyamines多胺polycystickidney多囊肾polycythemia红细胞增多症polymorphonuclearleukocyte多形核白细胞polyuria多尿POMC前阿黑皮原portalhypertension门静脉高压症portalsystemicencephalopathy门脉系统脑病（PSE）postrenalacuterenalfailure肾后性急性肾功能衰竭post-traumaticstressdisorder(P创伤后应激障碍TSD)potassiumdeficit缺钾precipitatingfactor诱因preopticareaoftheanteriorhypot视前区前下丘脑halamus(POAH)prerenalacuterenalfailure肾前性急性肾功能衰竭Presenilin,PS早老蛋白pressureoverload压力负荷过度primaryaldosteronism，PA原发性醛固酮增多症prionprotein,PrP朊蛋白programmedcelldeath程序性细胞死亡progressiverenaldisease进行性肾疾患proinflammatorycytokines致炎细胞因子proinflammatorymediators促炎介质prostaglandin前列腺素prostatichypertrophy甲状腺肥大proteinbuffersystem蛋白质缓冲系ProteinC(PC)蛋白C proteinkinaseC,PKC蛋白激酶C proteinkinaseG,PKG蛋白激酶G proteinkinase,PK蛋白激酶proteinphosphatases蛋白磷酸酯酶ProteinS(PS)蛋白Sproteintyrosinephosphatase蛋白酪氨酸磷酸酶proteinuria蛋白尿proximalconvolutedtubules近曲小管pseudohypoparathyroidism,PHP假性甲状旁腺功能减退症P-substance P物质psychosocialdwarf心因性侏儒psychosocialshortstature社会心理(心因性)矮小状态pulmonaryarterywedgepressure,肺动脉楔入压PAWPpulmonaryedema肺水肿pulmonaryencephalopathy肺性脑病pulmonaryheartdisease(corpulmo肺原性心脏病nale)pyelonephritis肾盂肾炎pyridinederivatives嘧啶衍生物reactiveoxygenspecies,ROS活性氧redox氧化还原反应reducedGlutathione，GSH还原型谷胱甘肽reductiveequivalent还原当量renalanemia肾性贫血renalhypertension肾性高血压renalinsufficiency肾功能不全renalosteodystrophy肾性骨营养不良renalpoisons肾毒物renalrickets肾性佝偻病renaltuberculosis肾结核renaltubularacidosis肾小管性酸中毒renaltubularcells肾小管细胞renalultrasound肾超声renin肾素renin–angiotensin–aldosteronesy肾素-血管紧张素-醛固酮系统stem，RAASreperfusionarrhythmia再灌注性心律失常reperfusioninjury再灌注损伤resin树脂respiratoryacidosis呼吸性酸中毒respiratoryalkalosis呼吸性碱中毒respiratoryburst呼吸爆发respiratoryfailure呼吸衰竭respiratoryquotient呼吸商restrictiveventilatorydisorder限制性肺通气障碍reticulocyte网状细胞retinoblastoma视网膜母细胞瘤retinoidacid维甲酸retinol-bindingprotein视黄醇结合蛋白reversemode反向转运rheumatoidarthritis类风湿性关节炎ribonuclease核糖核酸酶rightventricular(RV)failure右心衰竭Schistocyte裂体细胞schizophrenia精神分裂症secondmessengers第二信使seizures癫痫发作selectins选择素sepsis败血症septicshock败血症休克setpoint调定点shock休克signalmolecules信号分子signaltransducersandactivatorso信号转导和转录激活因子ftranscription,STAT。
病理生理学名词中英文对照资料讲解
病理生理学名词中英文对照病理生理学pathophysiology脑死亡brain death临终关怀hospice care 水电解质代谢紊乱脱水dehydration低渗性脱水hypotonic dehydration 高渗性脱水hypertonic dehydration 等渗性脱水isotonic dehydration 水中毒water intoxication水肿edema全身性水肿anasarca 滤过分数filtration fraction潴留retention低钾血症hypokalemia反常性酸性尿paradoxical acidic urine 高钾血症hyperkalemia反常性碱性尿paradoxical alkaline urine酸碱平衡紊乱挥发酸volatile acid固定酸fixed acid标准碳酸氢盐standard bicarbonate,SB 实际碳酸氢盐actual bicarbonate,AB 缓冲碱buffer base，BB碱剩余base excess,BE 阴离子间隙anion gap，AG代谢性酸中毒metabolic acidosis 乳酸酸中毒lactic acidosis酮症酸中毒keto-acidosis呼吸性酸中毒respiratory acidosis慢性阻塞性肺病chronic obstructive pulmonary disease，COPD肺性脑病pulmonary encephalopathy 代谢性碱中毒metabolic alkalosis盐水反应性碱中毒saline-responsive alkalosis盐水抵抗性碱中毒saline-resistant alkalosis呼吸性碱中毒respiratory alkalosis双重性酸碱失衡double acid-base disorders 缺氧缺氧hypoxia血氧分压partial pressure of oxygen，PO2 血氧容量oxygen binding capacity，CO2max 血氧含量oxygen content，CO2低张性缺氧hypotonic hypoxia乏养性缺氧hypoxic hypoxia发绀cyanosis血液型缺氧hemic hypoxia等张性缺氧isotonic hypoxia 碳氧血红蛋白carboxyhemoglobin，HbCO 高铁血红蛋白methemoglobin，HbFe3+OH 肠源性发绀enterogenous cyanosis循环性缺氧circulatory hypoxia低动力性缺氧hypokinetic hypoxia缺血性缺氧ischemic hypoxia组织性缺氧histogenous hypoxia氧利用障碍性缺氧dysoxidative hypoxia 高原肺水肿high altitude pulmonary edema周期性呼吸periodic breat发热发热fever 过热hyperthermia 视前区下丘脑前部preoptic anterior hypothalamus，POAH内毒素endotoxin，ET 致热原pyrogen中杏仁核medial amygdaloid nucleus 稽留期fastigium腹中隔ventral septal area，VSA前列腺素prostaglandin，PG 热限febrile ceiling 应激应激stress良性应激eustress 劣性应激distress 交感-肾上腺髓质系统sympathetic-adrenal medulla system去甲肾上腺素norepinephrine，NE应激性溃疡stress ulcer肠易激综合征irritable bowel syndrome，糖皮质激素glucocorticoid，GC蓝斑locus ceruleus 边缘系统limbic system室旁核paraventricular nucleus抗利尿激素antidiuretic hormone，ADH 急性期反应蛋白acute phase protein，AP下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺皮质系统hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal cortex system，HPA缺血-再灌注损伤缺血-再灌注损伤ischemia-reperfusion injury，IRI缺血后适应postconditioning氧自由基oxygen free radical黄嘌呤氧化酶xanthine oxidase，XO黄嘌呤脱氢酶xanthine dehydrogenase，XD 呼吸爆发respiratory burst氧爆发oxygen burst脂质过氧化lipid peroxidation 钙超载calcium overload心肌顿抑myocardial stunning再灌注心律失常reperfusion arrhythmia胀亡oncosis休克休克shock虚脱collapse脓毒性休克septic shock 过敏性休克anaphylactic shock脓毒症sepsis低血容量性休克hypovolemic shock 血管源性休克vasogenic shock微循环microcirculation一氧化氮nitric oxide，NO休克代偿期ischemic anoxia phase 休克失代偿期decompensatory stage 淤血性缺氧期stagnant anoxia phase 白细胞滚动rolling微循环衰竭期microcirculatory failure phase无复流现象no-reflow phenomenon全身炎症反应综合征systemic inflammatory response syndrome，SIRS 急性呼吸窘迫综合征acute respiratorydistress syndrome，ARDS休克肺shock lung多器官功能障碍综合征mutilple organ dysfunction syndrome，MODS抗凝血平衡紊乱纤溶酶原激活物plasminogen activator，PA弥漫性血管内凝血disseminated intravascular coagulation，DIC裂体细胞schistocyte微血管病性溶血性贫血microangiopathic hemolytic anemia心功能不全心功能不全cardiac insufficiency心力衰竭heart failure前负荷preload容量负荷volume load后负荷afterload压力负荷pressure load低输出量性心力衰竭low output heart failure高输出量性心力衰竭high output heart failure心室重塑ventricular remodeling离心性肥大eccentric hypertrophy颈静脉充盈engorgement of neck vein 肺水肿pulmonary edema 呼吸困难dyspnea劳力性呼吸困难dyspnea on exertion 向心性肥大concentric hypertrophy 心性哮喘cardiac asthma夜间阵发性呼吸困难paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea端坐呼吸orthopnea肺功能不全呼吸衰竭respiratory failure低氧血症型呼吸衰竭hypoxemic respiratory failure伴有高碳酸血症性低氧血症呼吸衰竭hypercapnic respiratory failure限制性通气不足restrictive hypoventilation 阻塞性通气不足obstructive hypoventilation 吸气性呼吸困难inspiratory dyspnea 呼气性呼吸困难expiratory dyspnea 弥散障碍diffusion impairment通气与血流比例失调ventilation-perfusion imbalance功能性分流functional shunt静脉血掺杂venous admixture死腔样通气dead space like ventilation 解剖分流anatomic shunt 真性分流true shunt急性呼吸窘迫综合症acute respiratory distress syndrome，ARDS 慢性阻塞性肺病chronic obstructive pulmonary disease，COPD CO2麻醉carbon dioxide narcosis肺性脑病pulmonary encephalopathy肝功能不全肝功能不全hepatic insufficiency肝功能衰竭hepatic failure肝性脑病hepatic encephalopathy，HE 肝昏迷hepatic coma 扑翼样震颤asterixis氨中毒学说ammonia intoxication hypothesis假性神经递质学说false neurotransmitter hypothesis苯乙醇胺phenylethanolamine 羟苯乙醇胺octpamine 氨基酸失衡学说amino acid imbalance hypothesis芳香族氨基酸aromatic amino acid，AAA 支链氨基酸branched chain amino，BCAA GABA 学说GABA hypothesis肝肾综合症hepatorenal syndrome，HRS 肾功能不全肾功能不全renal insufficiency肾功能衰竭renal failure急性肾功能衰竭acute renal failure，ARF 慢性肾功能不全chronic renal failure，CRF 尿毒症uremia 肾前性急性肾功能衰竭prerenal failure 功能性肾功能衰竭functional renal failure 肾前性氮质血症prerenal azotemia肾性急性肾功能衰竭intrarenal failure器质性肾功能衰竭parenchymal renal failure肾小管细胞和间质细胞损伤学说tubular and interstitial cells lesion hypothesis 急性肾小管坏死acute tubular necrosis，ATN肾后性急性肾功能衰竭postrenal failure 肾后性氮质血症postrenal azotemia少尿oliguria无尿anuria 多尿polyuria氮质血症azotemia健存肾单位假说intant nephron hypothesis 矫枉失衡学说trade-off hypothesis肾小球过度滤过假说glomerular hyperfiltration hypothesis夜尿nocturia等渗尿isothenuria低渗尿hyposthenuria血浆氮质尿blood urea nitrogen，BUN 高磷血症hyperphosphatemia高钾血症hyperkalemia肾性骨营养不良renal osteodystrophy 肾性高血压renal hypertension钠依赖性高血压sodium-dependent hypertension 肾素依赖性高血压renin-dependent hypertension 肾性贫血renal anemia终末期肾功能衰竭end-stage renal failure，ESRF尿毒症性脑病uremic encephalopathy 尿素霜urea cream。
病理生理学-专业词汇-中英文对照
A2，3—diphosphoglyceric acid，2，3—DPG 2，3—二磷酸甘油酸5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 5—羟色胺受体5—hydroxytryptamine， 5—HT 五羟色胺A cyclosporin A 环胞霉素A1 annexin A1 膜联蛋白a11ergy 变态反应abdominal distention 腹胀abdominal pain 腹痛acetylcholine Ach 乙酰胆碱acetylcholine receptor,AchR Ach受体Acid phosphatase, ACP 酸性磷酸酶acid sensitive ionic channels ASICs 酸敏感离子通道acid—base balance 酸碱平衡acid-base disturbance 酸碱平衡紊乱acid—base imbalance 酸碱失衡actin 肌动蛋白activated partial thromboplastin time APTT 活化部分凝血活酶时间activation function 1，AF—1 激活功能1activation function 2，AF—2 激活功能2actual bicarbonate, AB 实际碳酸氢盐acute phase protein 急性期蛋白acute phase response 急性期反应acute promyelocytic leukemia 急性早幼粒细胞白血病acute psychogenic reaction 急性心因性反应acute pulmonary edema 急性肺水肿acute pulmonary injury，ALI 急性肺损伤acute renal failure，ARF 急性肾功能衰竭acute respiratory distress syndrome， ARDS 急性呼吸窘迫综合征acute tubular necrosis，A TN 急性肾小管坏死adapter protein 适配体蛋白adaptor 接头蛋白adaptor protein 适配体蛋白adenylate cyclase AC 腺苷酸环化酶adhesion molecule 黏附分子adipokines 脂肪因子adiponectin 脂联素adipose tissue,A T 脂肪组织adjustment disorders 适应障碍adrenalin 肾上腺素adrenergic receptor 肾上腺素能受体adrenocorticotropic hormone ACTH 促肾上腺皮质激素adrenocorticotropic hormone ACTH 促肾上腺皮质激素释放激素adriamycin 阿霉素advanced glycosylation end products，AGE 38 39 高级糖基化终产物aflatoxin 黄曲霉毒素after depolarization 后除极aging 老化agonosia 失认aheolar ventilation 肺泡通气量alarm stage 警觉期aldosterone 醛固酮a-L-fucosidase，AFU a—L岩藻糖苷酶alignment of the chromosomes 染色质联会alkylating agents 烷化剂allelic heterogeneity 等位异质性allelic loss 等位基因丢失alpha—fetoprotein，AFP 甲胎蛋白alternative pathway 替代途径alternative splicing 选择性剪接alternative splicing，AS 选择性剪接alveolar PCO2， PACO2 肺泡气二氧化碳分压alveolar PO2，PAO2 肺泡气氧分压Alzheimer disease， AD 阿尔茨海默病a—Melanocyte stimulating hormone, a—MSH 黑素细胞刺激素American College of Cardiology,ACC 美国心脏病学会American Heart Association，AHA 美国心脏协会ammonia 氨中毒amplification of signal 信号放大amygdala 杏仁核amyloid precursor protein，ARP 淀粉样蛋白前体anaphase 后期anaphylactic shock 过敏性休克anaphylactoid purpura 过敏性紫癜Anaplasma phagocytophilum 嗜吞噬无形体anasarca 全身性水肿anatomic shunt 解剖分流angiogenin 基因扩增angiotensin Ⅰ，Ang Ⅰ血管紧张素Ⅰangiotensin Ⅱ，AngⅡ血管紧张素Ⅱangiotensin-converting enzyme, ACE 血管紧张素转化酶angiotension converting enzyme inhibitor，ACEI 血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂anion gap，AG 阴离子间隙ankyrin 锚蛋白annexin 2 膜联蛋白2annexin—1 膜联蛋白-1anorexia 食欲不振anterior cingule cortex ACC 大脑前扣带皮质antidiuretic hormone，ADH 抗利尿激素antimetabolite 血管生长素antiostain 抗代谢药物antisense 反义antithrombin III AT III 抗凝血酶IIIanuia 无尿aphasia 失语aplastic anemia 再生障碍性贫血apolipoprotein A1 血管抑制素apoptosis 凋亡apoptosis 细胞凋亡apoptosis inducing factor，AIF 凋亡诱导因子apoptosome 凋亡复合体apoptotic bodies 凋亡小体apoptotic effector 凋亡效应因子apoptotic lesion 凋亡性损伤apoptotic protease activating factor，Apaf 凋亡蛋白酶激活因子apraxia 失用aquaporin,AQP 水通道arachidonic acid AA 花生四烯酸aralkylating agents 载脂蛋白A1ARAS 上行网状激动系统arcuate nucleus, ARC 弓状核Arg—Gly—Asp，GRD 芳烷化剂arginine vasopressin, A VP 精氨酸加压素arginine，R 精氨酸aromatic amino acids,AAA 芳香族氨基酸arrhythmia 心律失常arylhydroxylamines 精-甘—天冬氨酸asbestos 芳基异羟肟胺类ascending reticular activating system ARAS 脑干上行网状激动系统ascending reticular inhibitory system ARIS 上行网状抑制系统asymbolia for pain 疼痛说示不能综合征asymmetric cell division 细胞的不对称分裂ata 石棉ataxia and rad3 related，ATR 共济失调毛细血管扩张症Rad3相关蛋白Ataxia telangiectasia，AT 共济失调性毛细血管扩张症ataxia—telangiectasia，AT 毛细血管扩张性共济失调症突变基因ataxia—telangiectasia—mutated,ATM 毛细血管扩张性共济失调突变蛋白atherosclerosis，AS 动脉粥样硬化athogenesis 发病学ATLL T 细胞白血病淋巴瘤ATP binding pocket ATP结合口袋ATP receptor ATP受体atrial natriuretic peptide ANP 心房利尿钠肽autocrine motility factor，AMF 自分泌运动因子autoimmune disease 自身免疫性疾病automatic external defibrillator，AED 自动体外除颤器automatic impulse 自主性激动autophagic cell death 自噬性细胞死亡autophagin 自噬素autophagolysosome 自噬溶酶体autophagosome，AP 自噬体autophagy 细胞自噬autophagy 自噬autophagy 自噬性程序性细胞死亡autophagy—related proteins，Atg 细胞自噬相关蛋白autophosphorylation 自主磷酸化azotemia 氮质血症α—lactalbumin α-乳白蛋白BB1 cyclin B1 细胞周期蛋白bacterial translocation 细菌移位BaP 苯并芘base excess，BE 碱剩余base excision repair，BER 碱基切除修复baterial endotoxin 细菌内毒素Bax—interacting factor 1，BIF-1 Bax作用因子1B-cell lymphoma 2,Bcl-2 B细胞淋巴瘤2Bcl-2 homology，BH Bcl—2同源结构域beme oxygenase 血红素加氧酶benign tumor 良性肿瘤benzediazepine，BZ 苯二氮卓Beta-amyloid,Aββ-淀粉样蛋白biallelic 二等位基因bi—allelie marker 双等位标记big MAP kinase，BMK1 大丝裂原活化蛋白激酶bilinogen enterohepatic circulation 胆素原的肠肝循环bilirubin 胆红素bilirubin encephalopathy 胆红素性脑病biliverdin reductase 胆绿素还原酶biofeedback therapy 生物反馈治疗bioinformatics 生物信息学blebbing 水泡化blood urea nitrogen，BUN 血浆尿素氮bone marrow hematopoietic stem cells 骨髓造血干细胞bradykinin BK 缓激肽brain derived neurotrophic factor,BDNF 脑源神经营养因子brain stem 脑干brain—derived neurotrophic factor BDNF 脑源性神经营养因子branched-chain amino acids,BCAA 支链氨基酸breakage-fusion-brige，BFB 断裂—融合-桥breast cancer susceptibility gene C terminus,BRCT 乳腺癌易感基因羧基末端结构域brown adipo 棕色脂肪组织Brugada Syndrome Brugada综合征buffer base, BB 缓冲碱Burkholderia pseudomallei 类鼻疽伯克霍尔德菌burn shoch 烧伤性休克butyrolactone 丁内酯bystander cell 旁观者细胞β2-Microglobulin,β2Mβ2-微球蛋白β—amyloid precursor protein β—淀粉样前体蛋白β-amyloid protein β—淀粉样蛋白β-endorphin β-内啡肽β-lactams β—内酰胺类CC cytochrome C，Cyto-C 细胞色素C1—esterase inhibitor C1酯酶抑制物Ca2+ ionophore Ca2+离子载体cadherin 钙离子依赖的细胞黏附素cadherins 钙粘蛋白calcitonin ，CT 降钙素calcitonin gene related protein CGRP 降钙素基因相关蛋白calcium dyshomeostasis 钙稳态失衡calcium leak Ca2+泄漏calcium overload 钙超载calcium paradox 钙反常calcium transient Ca2+瞬变calmodulin,CaM 钙调蛋白calmodulin—dependent kinase II，CaMK II 钙调蛋白依赖性激酶II calmodulin-dependent kinase,CaMK 钙调蛋白依赖性激酶cancer 癌症cancer stem cells，CSC 肿瘤干细胞capping protein 加帽蛋白carbon dioxide narcosis 二氧化碳麻醉carbon monoxide，CO 一氧化碳carbonic anhydrase，CA 碳酸酐酶carboxyhemoglobin, HbCO 碳氧血红蛋白carcinoembryonic antigen，CEA 癌胚抗原carcinogen 致癌物cardiac asthma 心源性哮喘cardiac edema 心性水肿cardiac index，CI 心脏指数cardiac insufficiency 心功能不全cardiac output，CO 心输出量cardiac resynchronization therapy，CRT 心脏再同步治疗cardiogenic shock 心源性休克carnitine palmitoyl transferase—1，CPT—1 肉碱脂酰转移酶-1 caspase 半胱天冬酶caspase—like apoptosis regulatory protein，CLARP 半胱天冬酶样凋亡调节蛋白Caspase-recruitment domain，CARD 凋亡蛋白酶募集结构域catabolic process 分解代谢过程catecholamine 儿茶酚胺catecholamine,CA 儿茶酚胺Catypical protein kinase C，aPKC 非典型性蛋白激酶CDK inhibitor，CKI CDK抑制因子CDK—activating kinase，CAK CDK活化激酶CEA 癌胚抗原cell adhesion molecule，CAM 细胞粘附分子cell cycle 细胞周期Cell Damage 细胞损伤cell differentiation 细胞分化cell division 细胞分裂cell division cycle 2,CDC2 细胞分裂周期2cell pathology 细胞病理学cell proliferation 细胞增殖cell signaling 细胞信号传递cell stress 细胞应激cellular hydration 细胞水合cellular oncogene 细胞癌基因central nervous system CNS 中枢神经系统central pain 中枢性疼痛central venous pressure，CVP 中心静脉压centrosome 中心体cerebral cortex 大脑皮层chaperokine 伴侣因子chaperon mediated autophagy，CMA 分子伴侣介导的自噬checkpoint 检测点chemokine 趋化因子chemokine receptors 趋化因子受体chemoprevention 化学预防cholecystokinin CCK 胆囊收缩素choline acetyl transferase ChAT 胆碱乙酰基转移酶chondroitin sulfate 硫酸软骨素chromatin body 染色质小体chromosomal aberration 染色体畸变chromosomal instability，CIN 染色体不稳定chromosome instability 染色体不稳定性chronic bronchitis 慢性支气管炎chronic inflammationsyndrome 慢性炎症综合征chronic obstructive pulmonary disease，COPD 慢性阻塞性肺疾病chronic renal failure，CRF 慢性肾功能衰竭ciliary neurotrophic factor CNTF 睫状神经营养因子ciliary neurotrophic factor，CNTF 睫状神经营养因子circulatory hypoxia 循环性缺氧cirrhosis of liver 肝硬化cis—acting element 顺式作用元件cis-acting element 顺式作用元件cis—regulatory module 顺式调节模块c—Jun N terminal kinase，JNK c—Jun N端蛋白激酶class I PI3K protein I类PI3K蛋白clot 血凝块cluster 集簇coactivator 共激活因子coagulation 凝血Coding-region SNPs，cSNPs 基因编码区SNPs cognitive appraisal 认知评价cognitive disorder,cognitive handicap 认知障碍cold inducible RNA-binding protein 寒冷诱导的RNA结合蛋白cold sensitive neuron 冷敏神经元cold shock 冷休克cold shock protein 冷休克蛋白cold shock response 冷休克反应cold stress 冷应激collagen 胶原collagenases 胶原酶coma 昏迷代偿性抗炎反应综合征compensatory anti-inflammatory responsesyndrome, CARScompensatory stage of shock 休克代偿期complement，C 补体complete recovery 完全康复complex multisite variants 复合性多位点变异concentric hypertrophy 向心性肥大confusion 意识模糊congestive hypoxia 淤血性缺氧conjugated bilirubin 结合胆红conscious disturbance 意识障碍consciousness 意识constipation 便秘constitutive expression 基础表达content of consciousness 意识内容contraction alkalosis 浓缩性碱中毒copy number variant, CNV . 拷贝数目变异copy number variation,CNVs 拷贝数变异Core temperature 核心温度co—receptor 辅受体分子corepressor 共遏蛋白cornu dorsale medullae spinalis 脊髓背角cornu posterius medullae spinalis 脊髓后角corticostriatal loop 皮层-纹状体环路corticotrophin releasing hormone, CRH 促肾上腺皮质激素释放激素Coxiella burnetii 贝氏柯克斯体Coxsackie virus 柯萨奇病毒CpG island methylator phenotype，CIMP CpG岛的甲基化表型CpG islands CpG岛c—reactive protein C—反应蛋白C—reactive protein，CRP C-反应蛋白cross-bridge 横桥cross-talk 交叉对话cryotherapy 冷冻疗法cSNP synonymous cSNP 同义cSNPs non-synonymous cSNP 非同义C-terminal domain，CTD C—端结构域cyanosis 发绀cyclic adenosine monophosphate, cAMP 环磷酸腺苷cyclic GMP，cGMP 环磷酸鸟苷cyclin 周期素cyclin-dependent kinase complex 周期素依赖性激酶复合物cyclin—dependent kinase，CDK 依赖周期素激酶cyclin-dependent protein kinase 4，CDK4 细胞周期素依赖性激酶4S cyclooxygenase 环加氧酶cyclooxygenase COX 环氧合酶cycloxygenase，COX 环加氧酶凋亡蛋白酶cysteine—containing aspartate-specific protease，Caspasecystic fibrosis 纤维囊性变囊性纤维化转膜传导调节因子cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductanceregulator,CFTRcytochrome P450 monooxygenase 细胞色素P450单氧合酶cytoglobin，CGb 胞红蛋白cytokine 细胞因子cytokine cascade 细胞因子级联反应cytoplasmic death 细胞浆性细胞死亡cytoplasmic receptor 胞浆受体cytoplasm-to—vacuole targeting pathway，CVT 囊泡靶向通路γ-aminobutyric acid ,GABA γ—氨基丁酸γ—aminobutyric acid A receptor，GABAR γ-氨基丁酸受体Ddanger signal 危险信号data mining 信息分析D-dimer D-二聚体de novo synthesis 重新合成dead space like ventilation 死腔样通气dead space volume, VD 生理性死腔量death domain，DD 死亡结构域death effector domain，DED 死亡效应结构域death—inducing signaling complex，DISC 死亡诱导信号复合体decompensatory stage of shock 休克失代偿期decorticated state 去大脑皮质状态decoy protein 陷阱蛋白defensin 防御素defervesence peroid 体温下降期degradation 降解degradative autophagic vacuole，A Vd 降解性细胞自噬体delayed afterdepolarization,DAD 延迟后除极delayed psychogenic reaction 延迟性心因性反应delayed repolarization 延迟复极deletion 缺失deletions 缺失delirium 瞻妄状态denaturation 变性dermatan sulfate 硫酸皮肤素desmin,DM 肌间线蛋白Di George综合征先天性胸腺发育不全diabetes mellitus 糖尿病diabetes,DM 糖尿病diabetic nephropathy，DN 糖尿病肾病diacylglycerol DAG 甘油二酯diacylglycerol，DAG 甘油二酯diarrhea 腹泻diastolic heart failure 舒张性心力衰竭differential expression 差异表达differentiated cell 分化细胞diffusion impairment 弥散障碍dimer 二聚体direct-acting carcinogen 直接作用致癌物disase—modifying genes 疾病修饰基因disease 疾病disease Gene Network，DGN 疾病基因网络disease—associated gene 相关基因disease—Disease Gene Network 疾病与疾病基因网络disorder of absorption 吸收不良disorder of digestion 消化障碍disseminated intravascular coagulation DIC 弥散性血管内凝血distress 劣性应激DMBA 二甲基苯并蒽DNA damage checkpoint DNA损伤检测点DNA fragmentation DNA的片段化DNA methyltransferase，DNMT DNA甲基转移酶DNA protein kinase，DNA-PK DNA蛋白激酶DNA repair gene DNA修复基因DNA—binding domain，DBD DNA结合结构域DNA—dependent protein kinase 依赖性蛋白激酶domain 结构域dominant negative mutation 显性负突变dopamine, DA 多巴胺double acid—base disturbance 二重酸碱平衡紊乱double FYVE domain-containing protein 1,DFCP1 双FYVE结构域蛋白1 DSB 双链断裂duplications 重复Dynamic Electrocardiography，DCG 动态心电图dynamic mutation 动态突变dynorphin DYN 强啡肽dysfunction of gastrointestinal tract 胃肠道功能障碍：dysoxidative hypoxia 氧利用障碍性缺氧dyspnea 呼吸困难dyspnea on exertion 劳力性呼吸困难Eearly afterdepolarization,EAD 早期后除极eccentric hypertrophy 离心性肥大edema 水肿edema 水肿effector 执行者EF—hand EF手ejection fraction，EF 射血分数elastin 弹性蛋白elastin 弹性蛋白embryonic lineage 胚细胞系emergence reaction 紧急反应endocytotic pathway 内吞途径endogenous pyrogen，EP 内生致热原endoplasmic reticulum stress 内质网应激endoplasmic reticulum stress, ER Stress 内质网应激endoplasmic reticulum，ER 内质网endosome 内质体endostain 内抑素endothelial cell，EC 内皮细胞endothelial nitric oxide synthase，eNOS 内皮一氧化氮合成酶endothelin，ET—1 内皮素—1内皮细胞-白细胞粘附分子-1 endothelium leukocyte adhesion molecule-1ELAM-1endotoxic shock 内毒素休克endotoxin translocation 内毒素移位endotoxin, ET 内毒素end—stage renal disease，ESRD 终末期肾病engorgement of neck vein 颈静脉怒张enhancer 增强子enkephalin ENK 脑腓肽enterogenous cyanosis 肠源性紫绀environment determinants 环境决定子epidermal growth factor receptor，EGFR 表皮生长因子受体epidermal growth factor，EGF 表皮生长因子epigenetic modification 表观修饰epigenetic variation ：表观遗传变异Epigenetics 表观遗传学epinephrine, E 肾上腺素EPO receptor,EPOR 促红细胞生成素受体equal pressure point 等压点ER stress response element 内质网应激反应元件ER—Golgi intermediate compartment，ERGIC 内质网—高尔基氏器中间体erythropoietin，EPO 促红细胞生成素erythropoietin，EPO 促红细胞生成素erythropoitin，EPO 促红细胞生成素esterified bilirubin酯型胆红素etiocholanolone 本胆烷醇酮euglobulin lysis time ELT 优球蛋白溶解时间eustress 良性应激euthanasia 安乐死evidence-based medicine EBM 循证医学excision repair 切除修复execution of apoptosis 凋亡执行execution of death 执行凋亡exhaustion stage 衰竭期exotoxins 外毒素experimental pathology 实验病理学experimental physiology 实验生理学expiratory dyspnea 呼气性呼吸困难extra-cellular domain 细胞外结构域extracellular fluid ECF 细胞外液extracellular heat shock protein 细胞外热休克蛋白extracellular matrix, ECM 细胞外基质extracellular signal？regulated kinase,ERK 细胞外信号调节激酶extrinsic inducer 外源性诱导因素exudate 渗出液FFADD样白介素-1β转换酶FADD—like interleukin—1β—convertingenzyme,FLICEfalse neurotransmitter 假性神经递质familial erythrocytosis 家族性红细胞增多症familial polyposis coli，FPC 家族性结肠息肉病farnesoid X receptor，FXR 法呢醇X受体Fas-associated death domain，FADD Fas相关联的死亡结构域Fas-associated death domain，FADD Fas相关死亡结构域fast excitatory post-synaptic potential 快兴奋性突触后电位fate determinant，FD 命运决定子fatty streak 脂纹febrile ceiling 热限feed—back 反馈fervescence period 体温上升期fetal antigen 胚胎性抗原fever 发热fibrin / fibrinogen degradation product FDP/FgDP 纤维蛋白原降解产物fibrin Fbn 纤维蛋白fibrin monomer FM 纤维蛋白单体fibrinogen and fibrin degradation products，FDPs 纤维蛋白原降解产物Fibrinogen Fbg 纤维蛋白原fibroblast growth factor，FGF 成纤维细胞生长因子fibroblast growth factor,FGF 成纤维细胞生长因子fibronectin 纤维连接蛋白fibronectin，FN 纤连蛋白fibronectin，FN 纤维连接蛋白fight or flight 格斗或逃避filtration fraction FF 肾小球滤过分数fixed acid 固定酸FLICE—inhibitory protein,FLIP FLICE抑制蛋白foam cell 泡沫细胞focal adhesion linase, FAK 粘着斑激酶focal brain disorder 局灶性脑功能障碍focal-adhesion kinase，FAK 粘附斑激酶folding 折叠fork stalling and template switching, FoSTeS 复制叉停滞和模板转换fragile site 脆性位点Fragile site 脆性位点fragile site 染色体脆性位点frameshift mutation 移码突变frank edema 显性水肿free fatty acid；free fatty acids, FFA 游离脂肪酸free radical 自由基frontal lobe 额叶fully differentiated 完全分化functional dead space volume，VDf 功能性死腔量functional hepatorenal syndrome 功能性肝肾综合征functional renal failure 功能性肾衰functional shunt 功能性分流fundamental mechanism 基本机制GG endonuclease G，EndoG 核酸内切酶gastrointestinal motility 胃肠动力Gelatin 明胶酶gene deserts 基因沙漠区gene expression 基因表达gene expression regulation 基因表达调控gene knock out 基因敲除gene knock-out 基因剔除gene mutation 基因突变gene rearrangement 基因重排gene regulatory network 基因调控网络gene target 基因打靶general adaptation syndrome 全身适应综合征general Shwartzman reaction GSR 全身性Shwartzman反应genetic 遗传学genetic heterogeneity 遗传异质性Genetic polymorphism 遗传多态性genome 基因组genomic imprinted gene 基因组印记基因genomic instability 基因组不稳定性Genomic instability syndrome 基因组不稳定综合征genomics 基因组学genotoxic stress 基因毒应激germline mutation 生殖细胞突变germ-line mutation 生殖细胞突变gliacyte 胶质细胞glia—derived neu—rotrophic factor GDNF 胶质源性神经营养因子global brain disorder 全脑功能障碍glomerular filtration rate, GFR 肾小球滤过率glomerular hyperfiltration hypothesis 肾小球过度滤过假说glucocorticoid receptor 糖皮质激素受体glucocorticoid receptor，GR GC与其受体glucocorticoid response element 糖皮质激素反应无件glucocorticoid，GC 糖皮质激素glucose intolerance 葡萄糖耐受不良glucose regulation protein 葡萄糖调节蛋白glucose transport4，GLUT4 葡萄糖转运子glucose transporter-4,GLUT—4 葡萄糖转运蛋白4Glutamate/Aspartate receptor 谷氨酸/天冬氨酸受体glutamic acid decarboxylase，GAD 谷氨酸脱羧酶glutaminase，GT 谷氨酰胺酶glutathione peroxidase 谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶glutathione S—transferase 2 谷胱甘肽S－转移酶2 glutathione S—transferase，GST 谷胱甘肽转硫酶Glycine receptor 甘氨酸受体glycogen synthase kinase-3，GSK3 糖原合成激酶-3 glycosaminoglycan,GAG 氨基聚糖glycosyl phosphatidylinositol,GPI 糖基磷脂酰肌醇glyosaminoglycan，GAG 糖胺多糖G—protein G蛋白G—protein-coupled receptor，GPCR G蛋白偶联受体granulocyte colony？stimulating factor，G-CSF 粒细胞集落刺激因子Granulocyte—macrophage colony stimulating factor，GM-CSF粒巨细胞集落刺激因子growstimulating activity,GRO/MGSAh factorreceptor-bound protein 2，GRB2生长因子受体结合蛋白2growth arrest and DNA damage inducible gene45,Gadd45生长抑制和DNA损伤诱导基因45growth factor 生长因子growth hormone,GH 生长激素growth—related oncogene/melanoma growth stimulating activity，GRO/MGSA 生长相关癌基因/ 黑素瘤生长刺激活性g—superfamily，Ig—SF I免疫球蛋白超家族GTPase activating protein，GAP GTP酶活化蛋白guanine nucleotide exchange factor，GEF 鸟苷酸交换因子guanine nucleotide—binding protein,G-protein 鸟苷酸结合蛋白guanylate cyclase，GC 鸟苷酸环化酶gut barrier dysfunction 胃肠道屏障功能障碍HH+-Na+ exchanger，NHE H+—Na+交换蛋白haematological stress syndrome 血液应激综合征Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium Hardy-Weinberg平衡定律health 健康heart failure 心力衰竭heat shock cognate 热休克同族蛋白heat shock element 热休克元件heat shock factor 热休克因子heat shock protein，HSP 热休克蛋白heat shock response 热休克反应helix-loop-helix，HLH 螺旋-环—螺旋heme oxygenase，HO 血红素氧合酶heme oxygenase—1 血红素加氧酶-1hemic hypoxia 血液性缺氧hemolytic jaundice 溶血性黄疸hemorheology 血液流变学hemorrhagic diathesis 出血素质hemorrhagic shock 失血性休克hemorrhagic tendency 出血倾向heparin 肝素heparin cofactor II HC II 肝素辅因子IIheparin sulfate 硫酸肝素肝素结合样表皮生长因子Heparin—binding epidermal growth factor，HB—EGFhepatic dysfunction 肝功能障碍hepatic edema 肝性水肿hepatic encephalopathy 肝性脑病hepatic failure 肝功能衰竭hepatic fibrosis 肝纤维化hepatic stellate cells,HSC 肝星状细胞hepatojugular reflux 肝颈静脉返流征hepatorenal syndrome 肝肾综合征heperdynamic shock 高动力型休克hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer，HNPCC 遗传性非息肉性结肠癌herpes simplex virus 1，HSV-1 I型单纯疱疹病毒herpes simplex virus，HSV 单纯疱疹病毒heterocyclic aromatic amines 杂环芳香胺家族heterodimer 异源二聚体heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins，异源性细胞核核糖蛋白hnRNPA1hexamethylene bisacetamide，HMBA 六亚甲基二乙酰胺high altitude pulmonary edema, HAPE 高原肺水肿high density lipoprotein，HDL 高密度脂蛋白high mobility—group protein 高迁移率族蛋白high molecular weight kininogen HMW—K 高分子量激肽原high output heart failure 高输出量性心力衰竭high performance liquid chromatography 高效液相色谱high turnover bone disease 高代谢性骨病hinge region 铰链区histamine 组胺histidine-rich glycoprotein HRG 富组氨酸糖蛋白histogenous hypoxia 组织性缺氧histoglobin,HGb 组红蛋白Histone acetyltransferase,HAT 组蛋白乙酰基转移酶histone deacetylase protein，HDAC 组蛋白去乙酰化酶蛋白Histone deacetylase，HDAC 组蛋白去乙酰基酶histone modification 组蛋白修饰HIV 艾滋病病毒homeobox，Hox 同源框homeodomain protein 同源域蛋白homeostasis 稳态homodimer 同源二聚体homologous recombination repair 同源重组修复homologue 同系物hormone 激素hormone response element，HRE 激素反应元件hospice care 临终关怀hot—spot 热点house—keeping gene 管家基因Hox gene 同源框基因HTLV-2 人T细胞白血病病毒-2 hub protein 中枢蛋白human Disease Network,HDN 人类疾病网络Human Epigenome Project, HEP 人类表观基因组计划human genome project 人类基因组计划human genome project，HGP 人类基因组计划human leukocyte antigen，HLA 人白细胞分化抗原human papillomaviruses,HPV 人乳头瘤病毒Huntington disease HD 亨廷顿hyaluronic acid，HA 透明质酸hydrogen sulfide，H2S 硫化氢hyperalgesia 疼痛过敏hyperbilirubinemia 高胆红素血症hypercalcemia 高钙血症hypermagnesenmia 高镁血症hypernatremic hypervolemia 高钠血症性体液容量增多hyperphosphoremia 高磷血症hypersensitivity 超敏反应hyperthermia 过热hypervolemic hyponatremia 高容量性低钠血症hypoaldosteronism 低醛固酮症hypocalcemia 低钙血症hypodynamic shock 低动力型休克hypokinetic hypoxia 低血流性缺氧或低动力性缺氧hyponatremia 低钠血症hypophosphatemia 低磷血症hyposthenuria 低渗尿hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis 下丘脑-垂体—肾上腺皮质轴hypotonic dehydration 低渗性脱水hypotonic hypoxia 低张性缺氧hypovelemic shock 低血容量性休克hypovolemic hyponatremia 低容量性低钠血症hypoxia 缺氧hypoxia induceible factor—1，HIF—1 缺氧诱导因子—1hypoxia reaction element，HRE 缺氧反应元件hypoxia-inducible factor—1 低氧诱导因子—1hypoxic hypoxia 乏氧性缺氧hypoxic pulmonary hypertension, HPH 缺氧性肺动脉高压hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction，HPV 缺氧性肺血管收缩hypoxic ventilation reaction，HVR 低氧通气反应IIII类PI3K复合物I class III phosphatidylinositol—3-phosphatekinase complex IIkB kinase，IKK, IkB激酶IICAM—1 I型细胞间粘附分子ICAM—1 细胞间黏附分子-1 idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura ITP 特发性血小板减少性紫癜IIb/IIIa glycoprotein IIb/IIIa，GPIIb/IIIa 血小板糖蛋白IIcalcium calmodulin kinase II CaMK II 蛋白激酶IL—1 receptor associated kinase,IRAK IL-1受体相关激酶immature autophagic vacuole，A Vi 不成熟的自噬泡immunodeficiency disease 免疫缺陷病immunoglobulin heavy chains binding protein 免疫球蛋白重链结合蛋白immunoglobulin superfamily 免疫球蛋白超家族Implantable cardioverter defibrillator,ICD 置入性心律转复除颤器in vitro 离体in vivo 在体incomplete recovery 不完全康复indirect-acting carcinogen 间接作用致癌物indolinones 吲哚酮类induced mutation 诱发突变inducible expression 诱导表达inducible repair 可诱导性修复inductible nitric oxide synthase，iNOS 诱导性一氧化氮合酶induction 诱导infirmity 虚弱information scar 信息瘢痕inhibitor of kB，kB NF- IkB抑制性亚基inhibitor of apoptosis protein，IAP 凋亡蛋白抑制因子inhibitor of Caspase—activated deoxyribonuclease protein，ICAD Caspase 活化的脱氧核糖核酸酶蛋白抑制因子inhibitory hormone receptor,Ri 抑制性激素受体inhibitory regulative G—protein,Gi 抑制调节性G蛋白inhomogeneous conduction 不均匀传导initiation 激发inorganic compounds 无机化合物inositol triphosphate IP3 肌醇三磷酸insertion 插入insertions 嵌入inside-out signalling 从胞内向胞外传递信号inspiratory dyspnea 吸气性呼吸困难insulin receptor substrate，IRS 胰岛素受体底物insulin receptor tyrosine kinase，IRTK 胰岛素受体酪氨酸激酶insulin receptor，InsR 胰岛素受体Insulin Resistance,IR 胰岛素抵抗insulin-like growth factors，IGF-I 胰岛素样生长因子intact nephron hypothesis 健存肾单位假说integerin 整合素integratomics 整合组学integrin-linked kinase，ILK 整合素连接激酶inter-a-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain H4 inter—a-胰酶抑制剂重链H4蛋白intercalated cells 闰细胞intercellular adhesion molecule, ICAM 细胞间黏附分子intercellular adhesion molecule—1, ICAM—1 细胞黏附分子1interferon—g inducible protein-10，IP—10 干扰素诱导蛋白—10 interferon, IFN 干扰素interferon-stimulated gene 15,ISG15 干扰素刺激基因15interferon-γ,IFN-γγ—干扰素intergenic SNPs，iSNPs 基因间SNPsinterleukin 白细胞介素interleukin—1 receptor antagonist，IL—1ra IL—1受体拮抗剂interleukin—1, IL-1 白细胞介素—1interleukin-1，IL-1 白介素1interleukin-1β converti ng enzyme，ICE 白细胞介素1转换酶interleukin-2，IL—2 白细胞介素-2 interleukin—6, IL-6 白细胞介素—6 interleukin-8，IL—8 白细胞介素—8 intermediate density lipoprotein，IDL 中间密度脂蛋白intermediate membrane protein 中间媒介膜蛋白intermediate phenotype 中间表型internal ribosome entry sites 内部核糖体进入位点interphase 间期interstitial fluid 组织间液intra—cellular domain 胞内结构域intracellular fluid ICF 细胞内液intracellular receptor 胞内受体intrahepatic cholestasis 肝内胆汁淤积intrarenal 肾性intrarenal failure 肾性肾衰intrinsic inducer 内源性诱导因素invagination 内陷invasion 侵袭invasiveness 侵袭力ionizing radiation 电离辐射IP—like interacting CLARP kinase，RICK RIP样CLARP作用激酶irregular bud 不规则芽状突起ischemia—reperfusion injury，IRI 缺血—再灌注损伤ischemic hypoxia 缺氧称为缺血性缺氧ischemic postconditioning，IPostC 缺血后处理ischemic preconditioning 缺血预适应ischemic preconditioning，IPerC 缺血预处理islet cell antigen，ICA 胰岛细胞抗体isoform 异构体isolation membrane,IM 分离膜isoprenaline 异丙肾上腺素isosthenuria 等渗尿isotonic hypoxia 等张性缺氧isovolemic hyponatremia 等容量性低钠血症JJanus kinase,JAK Janus激酶Jaundice 黄疸juxtapulmonary capillary receptor 肺毛细血管旁J感受器Kkallikrein 激肽释放酶kallikrein KK 激肽释放酶keratan sulfate 硫酸角质素kernicterus 核黄疸keto-acidosis 酮症酸中毒kinin 激肽kiningen 激肽原kupffer cell 枯否细胞，即肝脏内巨噬细胞LL1-mediated retrotransposition L1介导的逆转录转座lactic acidosis 乳酸酸中毒lamin 核层素laminin，LN 层粘蛋白laminin，LN 层粘连蛋白lead compound 先导化合物learning and memory impairment 学习记忆障碍left heart failure 左心衰竭left ventricular end diastolic pressure，LVEDP 左心房压和左心室舒张末压left ventricular end diastolic volume，LVEDV 左心室舒张末期容积left ventricular end systolic volume,LVESV 左心室收缩末容积leptin 瘦素leptin resistance 瘦素抵抗Leu-Asp-Val,LDV 亮—天冬—缬氨酸leucine zipper 亮氨酸拉链结构域leucine—rich repeat,LRR 富含亮氨酸重复区leukemia inhibiting factor 白血病抑制因子leukocyte activating factor，LAF 白细胞活化因子leukocyte pyrogen, LP 白细胞致热原leukotriene 白三烯leukotriene，LT 白三烯Lewy body dementia LBD 路易体痴呆症Lewy body disease LDB Lewy小体病diffuseligand 配基ligand binding domain,LBD 配基结合结构域ligand—gated ion channel receptor 配基门控性离子通道受体LIM-domain LIM结构域lipid flipase 脂质翻转酶lipid peroxidation 脂质过氧化lipocortin-1 脂皮质蛋白—1lipocytes,fat-storing cells 贮脂细胞lipomodulin 脂调蛋白lipopolysaccharide binding protein, LBP LPS结合蛋白lipopolysaccharide binding protein，LBP 脂多糖结合蛋白lipopolysaccharide, LPS 脂多糖lipoteichoic acid 脂磷壁酸lipoxygenase 脂加氧酶lipoxygenase 脂氧合酶lithocholic acids 石胆酸liver X receptor，LXR 肝脏X受体LMP1 EBV的潜伏性膜蛋白1 local edema 局部性水肿locus heterogeneity 位置异质性长散布重复序列1long interspersed nuclear elements 1，LINE-1，简称L1long QT syndrome，LQTS 长QT综合征long—lived protein 长寿蛋白long-term potentiation LTP 长时程增强现象loop—outs 环状突起Loss of heterozygosity，LOH 杂合性缺失low density lipoprotein，LDL 低密度脂蛋白low output heart failure 低输出量性心力衰竭low turnover bone disease 低代谢性骨病low-copy repeats，LCRs 低拷贝重复L—selectins L选择素luxury gene 奢侈基因lymph edema 淋巴性水肿lysosome associated membrane protein 1,LAMP-1 溶酶体相关膜蛋白溶酶体相关2A型膜蛋白lysosome—associated membrane proteintype-2A,LAMP—2AMM。
病理生理学名词解释+问答题(带英文)
病理生理学考博资料名词解释：病理生理学（Pathologic Physiology或Pathophysiology），是基础医学理论学科之一，它同时还肩负着基础医学课程到临床课程之间的桥梁作用。
它的任务是研究疾病发生的原因和条件，研究整个疾病过程中的患病机体的机能、代谢的动态变化及其发生机理，从而揭示疾病发生、发展和转归的规律，阐明疾病的本质，为疾病的防治提供理论基础。
1、水肿（edema）：体液在组织间隙或体腔积聚过多，称为水肿2、代谢性碱中毒（metabolic alkalosis）：由于血浆中NaHCO3原发性增加，继而引起H2CO3含量改变，使NaHCO3/H2CO3＞20/1，血浆pH升高的病理改变。
3、代谢性酸中毒（metabolic acidosis）：由于血浆中NaHCO3原发性减少，继而引起H2CO3含量改变，使NaHCO3/ H2CO3<20/1，血浆PH值下降的病理过程。
4、呼吸性碱中毒（respiratory alkalosis）：由于血浆中H2CO3原发性减少，使血浆NaHCO3/H2CO3增加，血浆pH 值升高的病理过程。
5、呼吸性酸中毒（respiratory acidosis）：由于血浆中H2CO3原发性增加，使NaHCO3/H2降低，血浆pH值下降的病理过程。
6、缺氧(hypoxia)：是指因组织的氧气供应不足或用氧障碍，而导致组织的代谢、功能和形态结构发生异常变化的病理过程。
缺氧是临床各种疾病中极常见的一类病理过程，脑、心脏等生命重要器官缺氧也是导致机体死亡的重要原因。
而且，由于动脉血氧含量明显降低导致组织供氧不足，又称为低氧血症（hypoxemia ）。
7、发热（fever）：由于致热原的作用，使体温调节中枢的调定点上移，而引起的调节性体温升高称为发热。
8、应激（stress）：机体在受到各种因素刺激时，所出现的非特异性全身反应称为应激。
9、弥散性血管内凝血（DIC）：在某些致病因素作用下，使体内凝血系统激活，从而引起微血管内发生纤维蛋白沉积和血小板凝集，形成弥散性微血栓，并继而引起凝血因子损耗、纤溶系统激活和多发性微血栓栓塞的综合病症。
病理生理学英文名词解释精选
1.DiseaseDisease is referred as an aberrant manifestation of homeostatic disturbances caused by harmful agents.2.Causative factor / pathogenic causeCausative factor or pathogenic cause is referred as the factor that can cause a disease and determine its specificity.3.HypoxiaHypoxia can be defined as a deficiency in either oxygen delivery or its utilization at the tissue level or the deficiency of both, which can lead to changes in function, metabolism and even structure of the body.4.CyanosisCyanosis refers to the violaceous color of skin and mucous membranes which occurs as the deoxyhemoglobin concentration of the blood in capillaries becomes greater than 5g/dl.5.Hemic hypoxiaHemic hypoxia refers to hypoxia resulting from a low carrying capacity of oxygen in the blood caused by an altered affinity of Hb for oxygen or a decrease in the amount of Hb in the blood.6.Enterogenous cyanosisWhen pickled vegetables containing nitrate are consumed in large amounts, the reabsorbed nitrate reacts with HbFe2+ to form HbFe3+OH. The color of skin becomes coffee color. This phenomenon is called enterogenous cyanosis.7.Ischemic hypoxiaThe deficiency of blood perfusion to tissues caused by decreased arterial pressure or obstruction of arteries is called ischemic hypoxia.8.FeverFever is a complicated pathological process characterized by a regulated elevation of core body temperature, in which the hypothalamic set point is temporarily reset at an elevated temperature in response to pyretic substances.9.Pyrogenic activatorsFever can be caused by a number of microorganisms and non-microbial pyretic substances, which are collectively called pyrogenic activators.10.Endogenous pyrogensEndogenous pyrogens are described as cytokines inducing fever, which are produced and released by EP cells, such as interleukin-1, tumor necrosis factor, etc.11.StressIt is defined as a systemic nonspecific response of the body to environmental demands or pressures made upon it.12.StressorThe stimulus that provokes a stress response is referred to as stressor.13.ShockShock is a pathological process caused by various drastic etiological factors, which is characterized by microcirculation failure resulting from decreased effective circulatory blood volume and inadequate tissue perfusion with the results of cellular metabolism impediment and dysfunction of multiple vital organ.14.Auto blood transfusionAt the early stage of shock, vessel constriction because of release of a large amount of vasoconstrictors may mobilize the stored blood to participate in the circulation, which is considered as compensation of venous return. 15.Auto fluid transfusionAt the early stage of shock, significant decrease of hydrostatic pressure in capillary may drive fluid to shift from interstitial space to the vascular compartment, and as a result, the plasma volume can be partly restored as a compensatory response16.Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)DIC is a pathological process caused by disturbance of the kinetic balance between coagulation and anticoagulation systems (including fibrinolytic system). Etiologic factors activate extensive intravascular coagulation and secondary fibrinolysis. The clinical features of DIC are bleeding, shock, organ dysfunction and microangiopathic hemolytic anemia.17.Heart failureHeart failure is a pathological process in which the systolic or/ and diastolic function of the heart is impaired, and as a result, cardiac output decreases and is unable to meet the metabolic demands of the body.18.High-output failureHigh-output failure indicates that the cardiac output may be supra- normal but inadequate owing to excessive metabolic needs. The causes of high-output heart failure include severe anemia, fever, hyperthyroidism and pregnancy, etc.19.Ischemia- reperfusion injuryThe restoration of blood flow after transient ischemia may be associated with further reversible or irreversible cell damage, which is called ischemia-reperfusion injury or reperfusion injury.20.Calcium overloadCalcium overload refers to that intracellular content of calcium is increased abnormally during ischemia and reperfusion, which results in the disorder of cellular structure and function.21.Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS)Systemic inflammatory response syndrome is a hard-controlling systemic inflammatory cascade caused by severe infectious or non-infectious factors. It leads to disorders of microcirculatory perfusion of organs and finally to secondary organ dysfunction.22.Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS)Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome is defined as a progressive dysfunction of two or more organs or systems resulting from an uncontrolled systemic inflammatory response to a severe illness or injury.23.Anion gap (AG)It is the deference between the concentrations of unmeasured anion (UA) and unmeasured cation (UC) in plasma (AG=UA-UC). The AG value can be obtained by calculating the difference between plasma concentrationof major measured cation (Na +) and the sum of the plasma concentrations of major measured anions (Cl - andHCO 3-), that is, AG = [Na +] - ([Cl -] + [HCO 3-]). Its normal range is 12±2 mmol/L.24.EdemaEdema means that excessive fluid accumulates in interstitial compartment and some cavities in the body.25.Brain deathBrain death is a state of permanent irreversible cessation of whole brain activity. At that time, the function of the patient's body as a whole body has stopped forever.。
病理生理学名词解释(发热,应激,休克,DIC)部分词语配有英语注释
发热Fever即发热，是指在致热原的作用下，使体温调节中枢调定点上移而引起的调节性体温升高，超过正常值0.5C时的病理过程Fever refers to the regulatory elevation of core body temperature and 0.5 ℃greater than normal value, due to the upregulation of the thermostat setpoint under the action of pyrogens.Set point即调定点，是指在下丘脑体温调节中枢内存在着与恒温器相类似的调定点Hyperthermia即过热，是指体温调节功能发生障碍，集体体温调节中枢不能将体温控制在与未上移的调定点相适应的水平，使体温被动性升高超过调定点时的病理过程。
Hyperthermia is characterized by an unchanged (normothermic) setting of the thermoregulatory center in conjunction with an uncontrolled increase in body temperature that exceeds the body’sability to lose heat.Pyrogenic activactor及发热激活物，是指能激活体内产内生致热原细胞，产生和释放内生致热原的物质。
The term pyrogen is used to describe any substance that causes fever.Exogenous pyrogen即外致热原，是指来自体外能引起人或动物发热的物质，使发热激活物的重要组成部分。
Exogenous pyrogens are derived from outside the patient; most are microbial products, microbial toxins, or whole microorganisms.EP即内生致热原，是指在发热激活物的作用下，产内生致热原细胞产生和释放的一类能引起体温升高的致热性细胞因子。
病理生理学-专业词汇-中英文对照
A2,3-diphosphoglyceric acid, 2,3-DPG 2,3-二磷酸甘油酸5-羟色胺受体5-hydroxytryptamine receptor五羟色胺5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT环胞霉素A cyclosporin A膜联蛋白A1 annexin A1变态反应a11ergy腹胀abdominal distention腹痛abdominal pain乙酰胆碱acetylcholine AchAchacetylcholine receptor，AchR 受体酸性磷酸酶Acid phosphatase, ACP酸敏感离子通道acid sensitive ionic channels ASICs酸碱平衡acid-base balance酸碱平衡紊乱acid-base disturbance酸碱失衡acid-base imbalance肌动蛋白actin活化部分凝血活酶时间activated partial thromboplastin time APTT 激活功能，activation function 1AF-1 1激活功能，AF-22activation function 2实际碳酸氢盐actual bicarbonate, AB急性期蛋白acute phase protein急性期反应acute phase response急性早幼粒细胞白血病acute promyelocytic leukemia急性心因性反应acute psychogenic reaction急性肺水肿acute pulmonary edema急性肺损伤acute pulmonary injury, ALI急性肾功能衰竭acute renal failure，ARF急性呼吸窘迫综合征acute respiratory distress syndrome, ARDS急性肾小管坏死，ATN acute tubular necrosis适配体蛋白adapter protein接头蛋白adaptor适配体蛋白adaptor protein腺苷酸环化酶adenylate cyclase AC黏附分子adhesion molecule脂肪因子adipokines脂联素adiponectin脂肪组织T adipose tissue,A适应障碍adjustment disorders肾上腺素adrenalin肾上腺素能受体adrenergic receptor促肾上腺皮质激素adrenocorticotropic hormone ACTH促肾上腺皮质激素释放adrenocorticotropic hormone ACTH激素adriamycin阿霉素高级糖基化终产物advanced glycosylation end products, AGE 38 39黄曲霉毒素aflatoxin后除极after depolarization老化aging失认agonosia肺泡通气量aheolar ventilation警觉期alarm stage醛固酮aldosteronea-L岩藻糖苷酶a-L-fucosidase，AFU染色质联会alignment of the chromosomes烷化剂alkylating agents等位异质性allelic heterogeneity等位基因丢失allelic loss甲胎蛋白alpha-fetoprotein，AFP替代途径alternative pathway选择性剪接alternative splicing选择性剪接，alternative splicing AS肺泡气二氧化碳分压alveolar PCO2, PACO2肺泡气氧分压，PAO2 alveolar PO2阿尔茨海默病Alzheimer disease, AD黑素细胞刺激素a-Melanocyte stimulating hormone, a-MSH美国心脏病学会ACC American College of Cardiology，美国心脏协会，American Heart AssociationAHA氨中毒ammonia信号放大amplification of signal杏仁核amygdala淀粉样蛋白前体，amyloid precursor proteinARP后期anaphase过敏性休克 anaphylactic shock过敏性紫癜 anaphylactoid purpura嗜吞噬无形体Anaplasma phagocytophilum全身性水肿 anasarca解剖分流anatomic shunt基因扩增 angiogenin血管紧张素ⅠⅠ，Ⅰ angiotensin Ang血管紧张素ⅡⅡ，Ⅱ angiotensin Ang血管紧张素转化酶angiotensin-converting enzyme, ACE血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂angiotension converting enzyme inhibitorACEI ，阴离子间隙 anion gap, AGankyrin 锚蛋白2 膜联蛋白annexin 2-1 annexin-1 膜联蛋白食欲不振anorexiaanterior cingule cortex ACC 大脑前扣带皮质抗利尿激素， ADH antidiuretic hormone血管生长素antimetabolite抗代谢药物antiostain反义antisense抗凝血酶antithrombin III AT III III无尿 anuia失语aphasia再生障碍性贫血aplastic anemia血管抑制素apolipoprotein A1凋亡 apoptosis细胞凋亡 apoptosis凋亡诱导因子， apoptosis inducing factorAIF凋亡复合体 apoptosome凋亡小体 apoptotic bodies凋亡效应因子apoptotic effector凋亡性损伤 apoptotic lesion凋亡蛋白酶激活因子，apoptotic protease activating factorApaf失用apraxia水通道 aquaporin,AQP花生四烯酸 arachidonic acid AA载脂蛋白A1aralkylating agents上行网状激动系统ARAS弓状核arcuate nucleus, ARC芳烷化剂GRDArg-Gly-Asp，精氨酸加压素VP arginine vasopressin, A精氨酸，arginine R芳香族氨基酸 aromatic amino acids,AAA心律失常 arrhythmia精-甘-天冬氨酸arylhydroxylamines芳基异羟肟胺类asbestos脑干上行网状激动系统ascending reticular activating system ARAS上行网状抑制系统ascending reticular inhibitory system ARIS疼痛说示不能综合征asymbolia for pain细胞的不对称分裂asymmetric cell division石棉ata共济失调毛细血管扩张症，ataxia and rad3 relatedATRRad3相关蛋白共济失调性毛细血管扩张Ataxia telangiectasia，AT症毛细血管扩张性共济失调，ataxia-telangiectasiaAT症突变基因毛细血管扩张性共济失调，ataxia-telangiectasia-mutatedTMA 突变蛋白，动脉粥样硬化 AS atherosclerosis发病学athogenesis细胞白血病淋巴瘤ATLL TATP结合口袋ATP binding pocket受体 ATP receptorATP心房利尿钠肽 atrial natriuretic peptide ANP 自分泌运动因子，AMF autocrine motility factor自身免疫性疾病autoimmune disease自动体外除颤器AED automatic external defibrillator，自主性激动automatic impulse自噬性细胞死亡 autophagic cell death自噬素 autophagin自噬溶酶体 autophagolysosome自噬体，autophagosome AP细胞自噬 autophagy自噬 autophagy自噬性程序性细胞死亡 autophagy细胞自噬相关蛋白，autophagy-related proteinsAtg自主磷酸化 autophosphorylation氮质血症azotemiaα--lactalbumin 乳白蛋白αB细胞周期蛋白B1 cyclin B1细菌移位bacterial translocation苯并芘BaP碱剩余base excess, BE碱基切除修复base excision repair ，BER细菌内毒素baterial endotoxinBax，Bax-interacting factor 1BIF-1 作用因子1BBcl-2 B-cell lymphoma 2，细胞淋巴瘤2Bcl-2Bcl-2 homology同源结构域，BH血红素加氧酶beme oxygenase良性肿瘤 benign tumor苯二氮卓benzediazepine,BZ淀粉样蛋白， AβBeta-amyloid- β二等位基因biallelic双等位标记bi-allelie marker大丝裂原活化蛋白激酶big MAP kinase，BMK1胆素原的肠肝循环bilinogen enterohepatic circulation胆红素 bilirubin胆红素性脑病bilirubin encephalopathy胆绿素还原酶biliverdin reductasebiofeedback therapy 生物反馈治疗生物信息学bioinformatics水泡化 blebbing血浆尿素氮BUNblood urea nitrogen，骨髓造血干细胞 bone marrow hematopoietic stem cells缓激肽bradykinin BK脑源神经营养因子brain derived neurotrophic factor，BDNF脑干 brain stem脑源性神经营养因子brain-derived neurotrophic factor BDNF支链氨基酸branched-chain amino acids,BCAA断裂-融合-桥breakage-fusion-brige, BFB乳腺癌易感基因羧基末端结构域，breast cancer susceptibility gene C terminusBRCT棕色脂肪组织brown adipoBrugadaBrugada Syndrome 综合征缓冲碱 buffer base, BB类鼻疽伯克霍尔德菌Burkholderia pseudomallei烧伤性休克burn shoch丁内酯butyrolactone旁观者细胞bystander cellβ2-，β2-Microglobulinβ2M微球蛋白β-淀粉样前体蛋白-amyloid precursor protein ββ-淀粉样蛋白β-amyloid proteinβ-内啡肽-endorphin ββ-内酰胺类-lactamsβC细胞色素， Cyto-C C cytochrome C C1酯酶抑制物C1-esterase inhibitor2+离子载体Ca2+ ionophore Ca钙离子依赖的细胞黏附素cadherin钙粘蛋白cadherins降钙素， calcitonin CT降钙素基因相关蛋白calcitonin gene related protein CGRP钙稳态失衡calcium dyshomeostasis2+泄漏calcium leak Ca钙超载 calcium overload钙反常 calcium paradox2+瞬变 calcium transient Ca钙调蛋白CaM，calmodulin钙调蛋白依赖性激酶CaMK II ，calmodulin-dependent kinase IIII钙调蛋白依赖性激酶CaMK calmodulin-dependent kinase，癌症cancer肿瘤干细胞， cancer stem cellsCSC加帽蛋白 capping protein二氧化碳麻醉 carbon dioxide narcosis一氧化碳 carbon monoxide, CO碳酸酐酶 carbonic anhydrase, CA碳氧血红蛋白 carboxyhemoglobin, HbCO癌胚抗原， carcinoembryonic antigenCEA致癌物 carcinogen心源性哮喘 cardiac asthma心性水肿 cardiac edema心脏指数， cardiac indexCI心功能不全 cardiac insufficiency心输出量， COcardiac output心脏再同步治疗， CRT cardiac resynchronization therapy心源性休克 cardiogenic shock肉碱脂酰转移酶，-1 carnitine palmitoyl transferase-1CPT-1半胱天冬酶 caspase半胱天冬酶样凋亡调节蛋白CLARP caspase-like apoptosis regulatory protein，CARD 凋亡蛋白酶募集结构域Caspase-recruitment domain，分解代谢过程 catabolic process儿茶酚胺 catecholamine儿茶酚胺 catecholamine,CA非典型性蛋白激酶， Catypical protein kinase CaPKC抑制因子， CKICDKCDK inhibitor活化激酶， CAK CDKCDK-activating kinase癌胚抗原CEA细胞粘附分子， cell adhesion moleculeCAM细胞周期 cell cycle细胞损伤 Cell Damage细胞分化 cell differentiation细胞分裂 cell division细胞分裂周期，2 cell division cycle 2CDC2细胞病理学 cell pathology细胞增殖 cell proliferation细胞信号传递 cell signaling细胞应激 cell stress细胞水合 cellular hydration细胞癌基因 cellular oncogene中枢神经系统 central nervous system CNS中枢性疼痛central pain中心静脉压， central venous pressureCVP中心体 centrosome大脑皮层 cerebral cortex伴侣因子chaperokine分子伴侣介导的自噬CMA，chaperon mediated autophagycheckpoint 检测点趋化因子chemokine趋化因子受体 chemokine receptors化学预防 chemoprevention胆囊收缩素cholecystokinin CCK胆碱乙酰基转移酶 choline acetyl transferase ChAT硫酸软骨素 chondroitin sulfate染色质小体 chromatin body染色体畸变chromosomal aberration染色体不稳定CIN chromosomal instability，染色体不稳定性chromosome instability慢性支气管炎chronic bronchitis慢性炎症综合征 chronic inflammationsyndrome慢性阻塞性肺疾病chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, COPD慢性肾功能衰竭，CRFchronic renal failure睫状神经营养因子ciliary neurotrophic factor CNTF睫状神经营养因子 ciliary neurotrophic factor, CNTF循环性缺氧circulatory hypoxia肝硬化 cirrhosis of liver顺式作用元件cis-acting element顺式作用元件cis-acting element顺式调节模块cis-regulatory modulec-Jun N端蛋白激酶，c-Jun N terminal kinaseJNKI类PI3K蛋白class I PI3K protein血凝块clot集簇cluster共激活因子 coactivator凝血coagulation基因编码区SNPs ，Coding-region SNPscSNPs认知评价cognitive appraisal认知障碍cognitive handicap ，cognitive disorder寒冷诱导的RNA结合蛋白cold inducible RNA-binding proteincold sensitive neuron 冷敏神经元冷休克 cold shock冷休克蛋白cold shock protein冷休克反应cold shock response冷应激cold stress胶原 collagen胶原酶collagenases昏迷 coma代偿性抗炎反应综合征 anti-inflammatory compensatory responsesyndrome, CARS休克代偿期 compensatory stage of shock补体complement,C完全康复 complete recovery复合性多位点变异complex multisite variants向心性肥大 concentric hypertrophy意识模糊 confusion淤血性缺氧congestive hypoxia结合胆红conjugated bilirubin意识障碍 conscious disturbance意识 consciousness便秘 constipation基础表达constitutive expression意识内容content of consciousness浓缩性碱中毒contraction alkalosis拷贝数目变异copy number variant, CNV 。
病理生理学英文专业词汇
stress response应激反应：机体对各种刺激产生的全身性非特异性反应。
General adaptation syndrome, GAS全身适应综合征：应激原持续作用于机体，产生一个动态的连续过程并最终导致内环境紊乱和疾病。
热休克蛋白Heat shock protein, HSP应激蛋白：应激反应时细胞新合成或合成增加的一类高度保守的蛋白质，在细胞内发挥作用，属非分泌型蛋白。
Acute phase protein, AP急性期反应蛋白：应激时由于感染、炎症或组织损伤等原因使血浆中某些蛋白质浓度迅速升高，这些蛋白质被称为急性期反应蛋白，属于分泌型蛋白。
Stress ulcer应激性溃疡：病人在遭受各类重伤、重病和其他应激情况下，出现胃、十二指肠粘膜的急性病变，主要表现为胃、十二指肠粘膜的糜烂、浅溃疡、渗血等，少数溃疡可较深或穿孔。
isotonic dehydration等渗性脱水：体液丢失，水和Na+成比例地丢失，血钠130-150mmol/L，血浆渗透压280-310mm/Hg。
dehydration脱水edema水肿：过多的体液（等渗液）聚积在组织间隙或体腔的病理现象。
pitting edema凹陷性水肿。
recessive edema隐性水肿：acid-base balance酸碱平衡：机体处理酸碱物质的含量和比例，以维持PH值在恒定范围过程成为酸碱平衡。
acid-base disturbances酸碱平衡紊乱：在某些病理情况下，可引起机体酸碱超负荷或调节机制障碍，导致体液酸碱稳态破坏，为酸碱平衡紊乱，简称酸碱失衡。
anion gap,AG阴离子间隙：血浆中未测定的阴离子（UA）与未测定的阳离子（UC）的差值，即AG=UA-UCrenal insufficiency肾功能不全：各种病因引起肾泌尿功能障碍，肾不能充分排泄废物、毒物，使内环境稳定失调，并出现肾分泌功能障碍的综合征。
uremia尿毒症：由急、慢性肾功能不全发展到晚期出现一系列的中毒症状。
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agitation激越
agonosia失认
alarm stage警觉期
albuminuria蛋白尿
aldosterone醛固酮
bradykinin缓激肽
bradykinin, BK缓激肽
brain脑
brain death脑死亡
brain stem reticular formation脑干网状结构
《病理生理学》专业术语中英文对照
A
α-adrenoceptorα-肾上腺素受体
a-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4- isoxa- zolep-
propionatea-氨基-3-羟基-5-甲基-4-异恶唑-丙酸
calcium overload钙超载
calcium paradox钙反常
calcium sensing receptor钙敏感受体
calcium wave钙波
cAMP response element binding protein，CREBcAMP 反应元件结合蛋白
anemic hypoxia贫血性缺氧
angioneurotic edema血管神经性水肿
angiotensin血管紧张素Ⅱ
angiotensin conversing enzyme inhibitor, ACEI血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂
acid-base balance酸碱平衡
acid-base disturbance酸碱平衡紊乱
acquired immunodeficiency syndrome，AIDS获得性免疫缺陷综合症
actin肌动蛋白
antidiuretic hormone, ADH抗利尿激素
anti-inflammatory mediators抗炎介质
antiphospholipid antibody,APA抗磷脂抗体
antiphospholipid syndrome,APS抗磷脂综合症
carbon dioxide narcosisCO2麻醉
carbon dioxide narcosis二氧化碳麻醉
carbon dioxide production,VCO2二氧化碳量
carbon monoxide一氧化碳
Bcl-2 familyBcl-2家族
bilirubin 胆红素
biofeedback therapy生物反馈治疗
blood urea nitrogen (BUN)血尿素氮
Blot's breathing间停呼吸
2,3-DPG phosphatase2,3-DPG磷酸酶
2-macroglubumin2-巨球蛋白
acetyl choline乙酰胆碱
acetylcholine transferase胆碱乙酰转移酶
acute phase response, APR急性期反应
acute psychogenic reaction急性心因性反应
acute renal failure，ARF急性肾功能衰竭
acute respiratory distress syndrome, ARDS急性呼吸窘迫综合征
activated protein C resistance,APCRAPC抵抗
actual bicarbonate，AB实际碳酸氢盐
acute lung injury，ALI急性肺损伤
acute phase protein, APP急性期蛋白
aphasia 失语
apolipoprotein E载脂蛋白E
apoptosis凋亡
apoptosis body凋亡小体
apoptosome凋亡复合体
apraxia失用
carbonic anhydrase， CA碳酸酐酶
carboxy hemoglobin碳氧血红蛋白
cardiac asthma心源性哮喘
cardiac index, CI心脏指数
anaphylactic shock过敏性休克
anasarca 全身性水肿
anatomic shunt解剖分流
androgen insensitivity syndrome, AIS雄激素不敏感综合征
animal model of human diseases人类疾病的动物模型
anion gap, AG阴离子间隙
ankyrin锚蛋白
annexin A1膜联蛋白A1
annexin-1膜联蛋白-1
a-Melanocyte-stimulating hormone, a-MSH黑素细胞刺激素
α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase, αKGDHα-酮戊二酸脱氢酶
1adder pattern“梯”状条带
alkalemia碱血症
alveolar attachments附着点
alveolar PCO2,PACO2肺泡气二氧化碳分压
alveolar PO2,PAO2肺泡气氧分压
alveolar ventilation, VA肺泡通气量
acute tubular necrosis，ATN急性肾小管坏死
adapter接头蛋白
adenylate kinase腺苷酸激酶
adhesion molecules粘附分子
adjustment disorders适应障碍
adrenaline, Ad肾上腺素
adrenocorticotropic hormone促肾上腺激素释放激素
advanced glycosylation end product, AGE晚期糖基化终末产物
afterload心室后负荷
atriopeptin心房肽
autocrine自分泌
autoimmune disease自身免疫性疾病
azotemia氮质血症
B
β-adrenoceptorβ-肾上腺素受体
aquaporrins, AQP水通道蛋白
arginine vasopressin, AVP精氨酸加压素
aromatic amino acids, AAA芳香族氨基酸
arrestin抑制蛋白
arterial partial pressure of oxygen动脉血氧分压
β-endorphinβ-内啡肽
β-myosin heavy chain，β-MHCβ-肌球蛋白重链
backward failure后向衰竭
base excess，BE碱剩余
basement membrane基底膜
artrial natriuretic polypeptide，ANP心房钠尿肽
ascending reticular activating system上行激动系统
ascending reticular inhibiting system上行抑制系统
brain-derived neurotrophic factor 脑源性神经营养因子
branched chain amino acids, BCAA支链氨基酸
buffer base，BB缓冲碱
burn shock烧伤性休克
angiotensin II receptor antagonists，Ang II RA血管紧张素II受体拮抗剂
angiotensin II，Ang II血管紧张素II
angiotensin-converting enzyme, ACE血管紧张素转换酶
asidemia酸血症
associated cortex辅助区
asteoxia大气性缺氧
atrial natriuretic peptide, ANP心房钠尿肽
1-desamino-8-D-AVPAVP拮抗剂DDAVP
1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25-[OH]2D3)1α,25-二羟基维生素D3
2,3-diphosphoglyceric acid2,3二磷酸甘油酸
Alzheimer，s disease，AD阿尔茨海默氏病
amino acid imbalance氨基酸失衡
ammonia intoxication氨中毒
amyloid precursor protein淀粉样前体蛋白
C
calcitonin降钙素
calcitonin gene-related peptide, CGRP降钙素基因相关肽
calcium钙
calcium oscillation钙振荡