虚拟语气语法归纳.

虚拟语气语法归纳虚拟语气得使用主要体现在三个方面:虚拟条件句、虚拟语气在某些从句中得运用,以及虚拟语气得一些特殊用法。

虚拟条件句虚拟条件句就就是对现实条件得一种虚拟假设,所假设得条件一般不符合事实或与事实相反或在现实中发生得可能性极小。

根据时间得不同,虚拟条件句可分为三种,即与现在事实相反得虚拟条件句、与过去事实相反得虚拟条件句及与将来事实相反得虚拟条件句。

具体情况请瞧下表:例句:1、表示与现在事实相反If I had enough money now , I would lend it to you、If I were you , I would go to tell him the real feeling upon him、If I were a boy, I would join the army、If the had time, she should go with you、2、表示与过去事实相反If he had taken your advice , he wouldn't have made such a bad mistake、She would have e to enjoy the party if she hadn't been very busy、If he had taken my advice, he would have succeeded in the petition、3、表示与将来事实相反I would go shopping with you if it were to be Sunday tomorrow、If he were to be given another chance to do it again, he could certainly achieve more、If it were to rain tomorrow, the football match would be put off、1、虚拟条件句得倒装在虚拟条件句中,为了强调所假设条件得虚拟性,或突出说话人得一种主观愿望,虚拟条件句可用倒装结构。

有时侯在使用时可省略if,把条件从句谓语中得助动词、情态动词或系动词放在句首实现得,句子则可换成下列形式,即“were / had / should +主语”。

如:Had I been(= If I had been ) in that situation, I would not have let the thief escape away with so much money、Should there be (= If there should be) a drought, what should we do at that time ? Were I a boy, I would join the army、Had he taken my advice, he would have succeeded、Were it not for the expense, I would go to Britain、2、错综时间条件句有时条件从句得动作与主句得动作发生得时间并不一致,这时谓语动词得形式应根据它所要表示得具体时间来决定。

例如:If we hadn't been working hard in the past few years , things wouldn't be going so smoothly、If the Party hadn 't led the Chinese people to liberate the country,Chinese people would still live a life in pain and poverty、3、含蓄条件句有时假设得情况并不以条件从句得形式表现出来,而就是通过某个介词或介词短语(如:with, otherwise, without, but for, in that position )、上下文或其它方式表现出来。

这种句子称为含蓄条件句。

例如:But for the help from you , I would not have had the chance to go to college、I would never mind you making such loud noises, but, you see, my baby is in a deep sleep、It was so quiet ; you could have heard a pin drop、虚拟语气在某些从句中得运用在某些词或短语后接得从句中要使用虚拟语气,表示愿望、建议或命令等。

根据虚拟语气得形式不同,虚拟语气可以分为“should类”与“过去时态类”。

2、虚拟语气用于名词性从句(1)虚拟语气在宾语从句中得运用。

①“wish + 宾语从句”表示不能实现得愿望,译为“要就是……就好了”等。

表示现在不能实现得愿望,从句中得谓语动词用一般过去时;表示将来不能实现得愿望,从句中得谓语动词用“would/could + 动词原形”;表示过去不能实现得愿望,从句中得谓语动词用“had + 过去分词”或“could(should) + have + 过去分词”。

如:I wish it were spring all the year round、I wish I had known the answer、I wish I could fly like a bird、②在表示建议、要求、命令等得动词suggest、advise、propose、demand、require、insist request、mand、order等后得宾语从句中,谓语动词用should + 动词原形或就是动词原形。

如:She suggested we (should)leave here at once、The doctor ordered she should be operated、(2)虚拟语气在同位语从句与表语从句中得运用。

作表示建议、要求、命令等得名词advise、idea、order、demand、plan、proposal、suggestion、request等得表语从句与同位语从句,从句中得谓语动词用“(should) + 动词原形”。

如:His suggestion that we (should)go to Shanghai is wonderful、My idea is that they (should)pay 100 dollars、(3)虚拟语气在主语从句中得运用。

在主语从句中,谓语动词得虚拟语气用“should + 动词原形”得结构,表示惊奇、不相信、理应如此等。

如:It is necessary(important, natural, strange, etc、)that we should clean the room every day、It was a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc、)that you should be so careless、It will be desired(suggested, decided, ordered, requested, proposed, etc、)that she should finish her homework this afternoon、注意:这种从句表示得就是事实。

如果说人对这种事实表现出惊奇得情感,就可用虚拟语气。

反之,如果不表示惊奇等情感,that从句也可用陈述句语气。

如:It is pity that you can’t swim、3、虚拟语气在其她场合得运用(1)虚拟语气在as if/as though、even if/even though等引导得表语从句或状语从句中,如果从句表示得动作发生在过去,用过去完成时;指现在状况,则用一般过去时;指将来状况则用过去将来时。

如:He did it as if he were an expert、Even if she were here, she could not solve the problem、(2)虚拟语气用于定语从句中。

这种从句常用于句型“It is (high)time (that) … ”中,定语从句得谓语动词用一般过去时(be用were)或should + 动词原形,意思就是“(现在)该……”。

如:It’s time that I picked up my daughter、It’s high time we were going、(3)虚拟语气用在if only引导得感叹句中。

如:If only I were a bird、If only I had taken his advice、(4)虚拟语气在一些简单句中得运用。

①情态动词得过去式用于现在时态时,表示说话人谦虚、客气、有礼貌或语气委婉,常出现在日常会话中。

如:It would be better for you not to stay up too late、Would you be kind enough to close the door?②用于一些习惯表达法中。

如:Would you like a cup of tea?I would rather not tell you、一、should类这一类得虚拟语气就是通过从句中得谓语动词使用“should +动词原形”体现出来得,should可以省略。

其具体运用体现在:1、在suggest , order, demand , propose, mand, request, desire,insist等表示建议、命令、要求、意见得动词后接得宾语从句中要使用虚拟语气。

如:He suggests that she should leave the house at once、The leader ordered that the task(should) be finished as soon as possible、He proposed that we (should) deal with the problem by the view of development、2、与suggest , order, demand , propose, mand, request, desire,insist等动词相对应得名词suggestion, order, demand , proposal 等后得表语从句或同位语从句中要使用虚拟语气。