95-05翻译学位真题

合集下载

1995年硕士研究生入学考试英语阅读理解试题译文

1995年硕士研究生入学考试英语阅读理解试题译文

1995年硕士研究生入学考试英语阅读理解试题译文Text 1花在广告上的钱和我所知花在任何别的方面的钱一样是值得的,它直接有利于商品以合理的价格快速地销售,从而建立起稳固的国内市场,并使得以有竞争力的价格提供出口成为可能。

通过向公众推出新思想,它极大地促进生活水准的提高。

通过帮助增加商品需求,它确保对劳动力的更大需求,因此成为对付失业的一项有效措施。

它降低了许多服务费用:没有广告,日报的价格将是现在的四倍,电视许可证价格会翻一番,乘汽车或地铁出行也将贵出20%。

也许最重要的是,广告对你所购买的产品和服务的合理价值提供了一种保障。

除了有27个国会法案来监控广告内容外,常做广告者也不敢促销与其广告上的许诺不相符的产品。

他也许会通过误导人的广告暂时愚弄一些人。

但他这样做长不了,因为所幸的是,公众很明智,不会再次购买劣质商品。

如果你看见一种商品不断地打广告,我认为这就是最可靠的证明,商品一定与其宣传名副其实,一定体现良好的价值。

广告对社会的物质利益所作的贡献比我能想到的任何其他力量都要大。

有一点我觉得应该在此提及。

最近我听到一位电视知名人士宣称,他反对广告,因为广告不重信息而重煽情。

他在此划了一条过于清晰的界线。

当然广告总是试图以情相劝。

如果广告内容仅局限于信息——这一点本身也难以做到,如果不是不可能的话,因为即使选择一件衬衫颜色这样的细节也多少隐含劝说之意——广告将变得味同嚼蜡、无人理会了。

但也许这就是那位电视名人所希望的结果。

Text 2看待成长有两种基本态度:一种视其为结果,一种视其为过程。

人们通常视个人成长为易被识别和衡量的一种外在结果或成果。

工人得到提升,学生成绩进步,外国人学会一门新语言——所有这些都是人们取得反映出其努力的可测量的成果之例证。

对比之下,测定个人成长的过程却要艰难得多。

因为从定义来看,它只是一个旅程,而不是沿途特定的路标或标志物。

过程并非道路本身,而是当遭遇新经历和意想不到的坎坷时人们所持的态度和情感,他们的谨慎或勇气。

学位英语考试真题 (3)

学位英语考试真题 (3)

学位英语考试真题一、阅读理解短文1杰克逊维尔大学图书管理员劳拉·尼尔逊周一提醒学生不能借酷炫拖鞋,在图书馆内赤脚行走,或带着宠物进入图书馆。

图书馆对学生提出了上述要求来保持学习环境的安静和整洁。

尼尔逊还提醒同学们要做好个人防洪准备工作,并遵守图书馆的使用规定。

尼尔逊表示:“我们希望图书馆能够成为一个安静、舒适的学习环境。

所以我们要求学生保持安静,不允许带来任何骚扰他人的物品,如宠物或发出噪音的东西。

此外,穿着舒适、合适的鞋子也是必须的。

”图书馆除了提出上述要求之外,还设有各类资源供学生使用,包括静默区域、计算机和打印机等设备。

学生们在使用图书馆资源时应保持安静,不使用手机,以免打扰其他学生。

短文2复习学位英语考试时,需要掌握一定的备考技巧。

首先,要熟悉考试大纲,清楚考试的结构和题型。

然后,制定一个合理的学习计划,充分利用碎片时间进行备考。

此外,进行模拟考试也很重要,以提高回答问题的速度和准确度。

备考期间,要注重记忆单词和短语。

可以使用单词卡片、记忆软件等工具进行记忆。

另外,掌握英文写作的技巧也是备考过程中必不可少的一部分。

可以阅读一些范文,并进行模仿写作。

最后,要保持良好的心态,在备考期间保持积极的态度,遇到困难不气馁,相信自己的能力,相信自己能够取得好成绩。

二、听力理解长对话对话一A: 嘿,汤姆。

你打算怎么度过这个周末?B: 我打算去海边度假。

天气预报说这个周末会很热。

A: 那听起来很不错。

你打算住在哪个海滩上?B: 我计划去伊顿海滩。

那里的风景很美,海滩也很干净。

A: 伊顿海滩是个不错的选择。

你准备和谁一起去?B: 我和几个大学同学一起去。

我们已经做好准备,准备晒个太阳,游泳,还有吃海鲜。

A: 听起来非常有趣。

希望你们玩得愉快!对话二A: 你打算周末去哪里?B: 我准备去附近的夜市逛逛。

我听说那里的小吃很好吃。

A: 这个主意不错。

我也想去。

你几点去夜市?B: 我打算晚上六点左右去。

1995年整套真题 阅读 翻译 参考译文

1995年整套真题 阅读 翻译 参考译文

1995年全国攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试英语试题阅读理解英汉翻译参考译文[阅读理解参考译文]【第1篇】花在广告上的钱和我所知道的任何被花掉的钱一样。

广告以合理的价格有助于商品的快速分销,建立起一个稳定的国内市场,并使出口产品的价格具备竞争力。

广告使人们注意到许多新理念,极大的提高生活水平。

通过增加需求,它保证了劳动力需求的增长,因此是解决失业问题的有效手段。

它降低了许多服务的成本:如果没有广告,日报的价格将是现在的4倍,电视许可的价格将要翻倍,乘公共汽车或隧道旅行的费用要增长20%。

大概其中最重要的一点是,广告为你所购买的产品和服务提供了一个品质的保证。

我们有二十七条国会法案控制广告的措辞,此外,没有一个常见的广告商敢促销一种不符合他的广告所保证条件的产品。

他可能通过误导性广告暂时欺骗人们,但他不可能长久这样做,因为公众具有健全的理智,不会再次购买劣质物品。

如果你看到一种不断做广告的产品,那表明那种产品确实符合所宣传的内容,并且确实物有所值。

广告为社区所带来的物质利益比我所能想象的其他任何因素都要多。

还有一点我想我应该谈及。

最近,我听说一位广为人知的电视名人宣称,广告进行说服而不是告知,所以他反对广告。

他所作的区分太过于吹毛求疵。

广告当然是要力图说服他人。

如果广告只局限于提供信息——这样做如果不是不可能,也是困难的,由于即使像衬衫颜色的选择这样的细节都有轻微的说服性——广告会变得枯燥乏味,没人注意。

但是,这也许正是那位电视名人所想要的。

【第2篇】有两种认知成长的基本方法:一种是从成果看,另一种是从过程看。

人们通常将个人成长视做一种可以被轻易识别和测量的外在成果或现象。

获得晋升的工人,成绩提高的学生,学会一门新语言的外国人——所有这些都是能够以可测量成果来表现人们努力的例子。

相反的是,个人成长过程的确定则要难得多,由于其本身就像一次旅程,而不是沿路而设的具体路标或地界标。

过程不是道路本身,而是人们在遇到新经历和意外阻碍时所持有的态度和情感,他们的谨慎和勇气。

1995—2005年英语专八翻译真题及答案

1995—2005年英语专八翻译真题及答案

英语专业八级考试翻译部分历届试题及参考答案(1995-2005)1995 年英语专业八级考试--翻译部分参考译文C-E原文:简.奥斯丁的小说都是三五户人家居家度日,婚恋嫁娶的小事。

因此不少中国读者不理解她何以在西方享有那么高的声誉。

但一部小说开掘得深不深,艺术和思想是否有过人之处,的确不在题材大小。

有人把奥斯丁的作品比作越咀嚼越有味道的橄榄。

这不仅因为她的语言精彩,并曾对小说艺术的发展有创造性的贡献,也因为她的轻快活泼的叙述实际上并不那么浅白,那么透明。

史密斯夫人说过,女作家常常试图修正现存的价值秩序,改变人们对“重要”和“不重要”的看法。

也许奥斯丁的小说能教我们学会转换眼光和角度,明察到“小事”的叙述所涉及的那些不小的问题。

参考译文:However, subject matter is indeed not the decisive factor by which we judge a novel of its depth as well as (of ) its artistic appeal and ideological content (or: as to whether a novel digs deep or not or whether it excels in artistic appeal and ideological content). Some people compare Austen’s works to olives: the more you chew them, the more tasty (the tastier) they become. This comparison is based not only on (This is not only because of ) her expressive language and her creative contribution to the development of novel writing as an art, but also on (because of ) thefact that what hides behind her light and lively narrative is something implicit and opaque (not so explicit and transparent). Mrs. Smith once observed, women writers often sought (made attempts)to rectify the existing value concepts (orders) by changing people’s opinions on w hat is “important” and what is not.E-C原文I, by comparison, living in my overpriced city apartment, walking to work past putrid sacksof street garbage, paying usurious taxes to local and state governments I generally abhor, I amrated middle class. This causes me to wonder, do the measurement make sense? Are we measuring only that which is easily measured--- the numbers on the money chart --- and ignoring valuesmore central to the good life?For my sons there is of course the rural bounty of fresh-grown vegetables, line-caught fish and the shared riches of neighbours’ orchards and gardens. There is the unpaid baby-sitter for whose children my daughter-in-law baby-sits in return, and neighbours who barter their skills and labour. But more than that, how do you measure serenity? Sense if self?I don’t want to idealize life in small places. There are times when the outside world intrudes brutally, as when the cost of gasoline goes up or developers cast their eyes on untouched farmland. There are cruelties, there is intolerance, there are all the many vices and meannesses in smallplaces that exist in large cities. Furthermore, it is harder to ignore them when they cannot bebanished psychologically to another part of town or excused as the whims of alien groups --- when they have to be acknowledged as “part of us.”Nor do I want to belittle the opportunities for small decencies in cities --- the eruptions ofone-stranger-to-another caring that always surprise and delight. But these are,sadly,more exceptions than rules and are often overwhelmed by the awful corruptions and dangers that surround us.参考译文:对我的几个儿子来说,乡村当然有充足的新鲜蔬菜,垂钓来的鱼,邻里菜园和果园里可供分享的丰盛瓜果。

1995年同等学力英语阅读真题解析及译文(阅读手册)学苑教育

1995年同等学力英语阅读真题解析及译文(阅读手册)学苑教育

阅读分册补充内容阅读理解部分做题方法要领一、概述阅读理解部分主要测试考生的阅读能力,要求考生能综合运用英语知识和阅读技能来理解英语书面材料。

考生在阅读过程中应做到:1.抓住所读短文的中心大意,领会作者的基本观点和态度;2.理解关键词、短语和单个句子的意思;3.掌握文中重要的事实、数字等细节;4.理解上下文之间的逻辑关系;5.根据短文内容作出一定的判断、推理和引申。

根据《同等学力人员申请硕士学位英语水平全国统一考试大纲》的要求,阅读理解部分共有5-6篇短文,每篇300-400词,共设25-30题,每题1分。

考试时间为45-50分钟。

大纲并未讲到这部分短文的内容。

根据1999、2000年两年的阅读材料分析,12篇短文的内容主要分布在社会生活、科普知识、媒体和环保等方面。

具体情况是:内容方面篇数具体内容科普知识 5 迂回思维、睡眠、科学的性质、航空研究、网上购物社会生活 3 交通、教育、死刑媒体 2 媒体影响、媒体公司的收购环保 2 全球气候变暖、空气污染二、阅读理解应试技巧阅读理解的主要目的是测试考生在词语、句子和语篇三个层次上运用语言知识理解英语文章的能力。

短文中也许会有超纲词,但每篇一般不超过3个。

这就要求考生掌握大纲上的词汇、动词词组、习惯搭配和常见前缀、后缀。

考生还应具备较扎实的英语语法知识、较宽的知识面和较强的逻辑思维能力。

阅读理解部分的题目大致可分两类:一类是局部性问题,主要测试考生对某个句子或词语的理解。

从以往的考题看,这类问题居多。

回答这类问题,关键是找到有关的段落、句子和词语,并能懂其意思。

另一类是综合性问题。

这是整篇的综合问题,如问文章的主题,或作者写本文的目的,或问文章是关于哪一方面的,或选择一个合适的标题。

有一类综合性问题是在4句话中选择哪一句是对的或错的,这种题目或测试对某一段内容的理解,或测试对分散在各段的4句话的理解。

综合性题目可放在最后做,因做这一类题需要对全文的内容有较好的把握。

考研英语95—05年阅读真题题干题型汇总范文

考研英语95—05年阅读真题题干题型汇总范文

3、From the last paragraph we know that (95、text5)4、In this article,the author tries to interpret the function of (95、text5 4、The best title for this might be (96、text4)1、from the second paragraph we learn tha (97、text1)4、The best title for this text could be (97、text4)1、From the text we learn that (97、text5)4、What the author tries to suggest may best be interpreted as (98、text1)1、According to the author ,the American economic situation is (98、text2)2、Paragraphs 2 and 3 are written to (98、text3)4、The text is mainly about (98、text5)4、Which of the following would be the best title for the text ?(2000、text2)1、This text is mainly (2000、text3)1、What is the passage mainly about?(01、text3)5、The best title for the text may be(02、text1)5、The text intends to express the ideal that(03、text4)1、According to McWhorter,the decline of formal English(05、text4)二、举例题1、By citing the example of poets Wordsworth and Baudelaire,the author intends to show that (06、text4)3、When mentioning “the $4 million to$10 million range” (line 3,paragraph 3),the author is taking about (04、text3)1、What does the author intend to illustrate with AAAA cars and Zodiac cars?(04、text2)2、The author uses the example of cancer patients to show that (03、text4)3、The example of the grandmotherly woman is used to show thepublic's (03、text2)5、The author uses the example of a monkey to argue that robots are (02、text2)3、The writer mentioned the case of the United States to justify the policy of(01、text2)2、What does the example of India illustrate ?(2000、text2)3、The case of Schutt helmet demonstrated that (99、text1)2、A blueprint made before inviting a friend to dinner is used in this tex as (96、text1)2、The word “bummer”(line 5,paragraph 5)most probably means something (06、text4)1、The word “homogenizing”(line 1,paragraph 1)most probably means (06、text1)2、The word“taking”(line 5,paragraph 3)denotes (05、text4)3、What does the author mean by “paralysis by analysis”(last line,paragraph 4)?(05、text2)3、The expression “tip service”(line 3,paragraph 3)most probably means(04、text1)3、The word “arbiters”(line 6,paragraph 4)most probably refers to those(02、text3)3、The phrase “making the biggest splash”(line 1,paragraph 3)most probably means (03、text1)4、Which of the following best defines the word “aggressive”(line 3,paragraph 7)?(02、text4)2、The word “gizmos”(line 1,paragraph 2)most probably means (02、text2)3、“juggling one' life”probably means living a life characterized by (01、text5)4、The word “demographers”(line 1,paragraph 7)most probably mean(98、text4)1、The word “schism”(line 4 ,paragraph 1)in the context probably means(98、text3)2、In paragraph 5,“the powerless ”probably refers to (98、text1)2、the word “pervasive”might mean (97、text3)1、“creationism”in the text refers to (96、text5)2、The BBC'“royal charter”(line 4,paragraph 4)stands for (96、text2)4、When you have carefully prepared a blueprint of your abilities and desires ,you have something (96、text1)1、According to the text ,a-type individuals are usually (95、text4)3、When the author says “a new way of being”(line 3,paragraph 3),he is referring to (95、text2)四、句子理解3、By saying “these figures are conservative”(line 1,paragraph 3),Dr.Worm means that (06、text3)3、By saying “Stratford cries poor traditionally”(line 2,paragraph 4),the author implies that (06、text2)2、The sta tements “it is all too monkey”(last line,paragraph 1)implies that(05、text1)1、By “Ellen Spero isn’t biting her nails just yet”(line 1,paragraph 1),the author means (04、text3)4、What does the author mean by “most people are literally having a ZZZ” (line 2,paragraph 5)? (04、text2)2、The last sentence of the first paragraph most probably implies that it is (2000、text5)3、The author raises the question “what about pain without gain ”because (98、text2)3、The sentence “this is no flash in the pan”(line5,paragraph 3)means that(97、text5)2、when the author says that observers are waiting for the dominoes to start falling ,he means (97、text1)1、What do the elders mean when they say,“it’s not what you in this world ,but what you get”?(96、text1)1、By the first sentence of the text the author means that (95、text1)五、推断题2、We can infer from Dr.Myers and Dr.Worm' paper that (06、text3)1、From the first two paragraphs ,we learn that (06、text2)2、It can be inferred from paragraph 3that (06、text2)3、The text suggests that immigrants now in the U.S. (06、text1)4、Why are Arnold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks mentioned in paragraph 5?(06、text1)1.According to the last paragraph ,“paper plates”is to “china”as (05、text4)2.To which of the following statements would McWhorter most likely agree?(06、text4)3、By referring to the limbic system,the author intends to show (05、text3)4、According to the author ,what should the Administration do about globalwarming ?(05、text2)2、According to Bruce Alberts,science can serve as (05、text2)4、Dr. Brosnan and Dr.de Waal have eventually found in their study that the monkeys (05、text1)5、What can infer from the last paragraph ?(05、text1)1、In the opening paragraph ,the author introduces his topic by (05、text1)3、The views of Ravitch and Emerson on schooling (04、text4)4、Emerson ,according to the text ,is probably (04、text4)2、What can we infer from the first three paragraph ?4、The 4th paragraph suggests that (04、text2)4、In contrast to the U.S.,Japan and Sweden are funding their medical are(03、text4)1、What is implied in the first sentence?(03、text4)5、According to the text,the cost increase in the rail industry is mainly caused by 5、text3)2、It can be inferred from paragraph 3 that (03、text3)5、From the text we can learn that Stephen Cooper is (03、text2)2、It can be inferred from the text that the retail price of petrol will go up dramatically if (02、text3)3、The estimates in Economic Outlook show that in rich counties (02、text3)3、From paragraph 4 we can infer that (01、text4)1、Digital divide is something (01、text2)4、It seems that now a county's economic depends much on (01、text2)1、The growth of specialization in the 19th century might be more clearly seen in the science such as (01、text1)4、From the last paragraph the conclusion can be drawn that ambition should be maintained (2000、text5)1、In the westerner' eyes,the postwar Japan was (2000、text4)3、What can be inferred from the text ?(2000、text1)4、The author implies that the results of scientific research (99、text5)4、It can be inferred from the last paragraph that (99、text4)1、We can infer from the first paragraph that (99、text4)3、It could be inferred from the text that in the author's county the Europe model of professional training is (99、text3)2、Speaking of the online technology available for marketing,the author implies that (99、text2)1、According to the author ,the American economic situation is(98、text2)1、The third sentence of paragraph 1 implies that (98、text1)5、From the last paragraph we can infer that2、It could be inferred from the last paragraph that (97、text2)3、when Lloyd Nickson dies,he will (97、text1)2、Kitcher'book is intended to (96、text5)3、From the text we can infer that (96、text5)2、It is implied that adaptiveness and inventiveness of early American mechanics (96、text4)1、It’s true of the old family firms that (96、text3)2、The growth of limited liability companies resulted in (96、text3)1、The world famous BBC now faces (96、text2)1、From the evolutionary point of view,(95、text5)2、According to the text,if a person never forgot (95、text5)3、The selection of medical professionals is currently based on (95、text4)4、From the text we can draw the conclusion that (95、text4)2、The main problem people may encounter today arises from the factthat (95、text3)2、From the text we can infer that (95、text3)3、We can learn from the last paragraph that (95、text3)1、A person is generally believed to achieve personal growth when (95、text2)2、In the author' eyes ,one who views personal growth as a processwould (95、text2)六、主旨题1、According to McWhorter,the decline of formal English (05、text4)4、The text intends to express the ideal that (03、text4)5、The best title for the text may be (02、text1)1、What is the passage mainly about?(01、text3)4、Which of the following would be the best title for the text ?(2000、text2)5、The text is mainly about (98、text5)1、According to the author ,the American economic situation is(98、text2)4、What the author tries to suggest may best be interpreted as (98、text1)1、From the text we learn that (97、text5)4、The best title for this text could be (97、text4)1、from the second paragraph we learn that (97、text1)4、The best title for this might be (96、text4)3、From the last paragraph we know that (95、text5)4、In this article,the author tries to interpret the function of (95、text5)七、作者态度5、From the text we can conclude that the author (06、text2)5、What does the author think of intellect?(04、text4)5、To which of the following is the author likely to agree ?(04、text3)3、The author's attitude towards Richard Lamm's remark is one of (03、text4)2、What with many captive shippers' attitude towards the consolidation in the rail industry?(03、text3)5、From the text we can see that the writer seems (02、text3)4、Toward the new business wave,the writer' attitude can be said to be (01、text4)4、The author's attitude towards the issue seems to be (99、text1)4、The author' attitude toward the issue “science vs antiscience” is (98、text3)4、The text shows that the author is the present situations。

1995年翻译真题精解版

1995年翻译真题精解版

1995年翻译精解The standardized educational or psychological tests that are widely used to aid in selecting, classifying, assigning, or promoting students, employees, and military personnel have been the target of recent attacks in books, magazines, the daily press, and even in Congress. 71. The target is wrong, for in attacking the tests, critics divert attention from the fault that lies with ill-informed or incompetent users.结构分析:本句的主语是the target,但是该词不能直译为目标,属于名词指代,应该把它的指代内容要翻译出来,在前面一句里提到标准化考试已经成为人们的抨击目标,由此可见,target指代把标准化考试作为抨击目标这一做法。

后面是由for引导的一个状语从句,状语从句里的主语是critics,谓语是divert attention from,宾语是the fault,最后是由that引导的定语从句,修饰前面的名词fault。

核心词汇:lie with(存在于,后面常跟人作宾语);介词后面的in表示“在...时”;ill-informed(消息不灵通,对…不了解);incompetent(不称职的,不恰当的);divert attention from(偏离注意力,没有注意到);参考译文:把标准化测试作为抨击的目标是错误的,因为在抨击这类测试时,批评者没有注意到测试的弊病在于使用测试的人对测试不甚了解或使用不当。

1995—2005年英语专八翻译真题及答案

1995—2005年英语专八翻译真题及答案

英语专业八级考试翻译部分历届试题及参考答案(1995-2005)1995 年英语专业八级考试--翻译部分参考译文C-E原文:简.奥斯丁的小说都是三五户人家居家度日,婚恋嫁娶的小事。

因此不少中国读者不理解她何以在西方享有那么高的声誉。

但一部小说开掘得深不深,艺术和思想是否有过人之处,的确不在题材大小。

有人把奥斯丁的作品比作越咀嚼越有味道的橄榄。

这不仅因为她的语言精彩,并曾对小说艺术的发展有创造性的贡献,也因为她的轻快活泼的叙述实际上并不那么浅白,那么透明。

史密斯夫人说过,女作家常常试图修正现存的价值秩序,改变人们对“重要”和“不重要”的看法。

也许奥斯丁的小说能教我们学会转换眼光和角度,明察到“小事”的叙述所涉及的那些不小的问题。

参考译文:However, subject matter is indeed not the decisive factor by which we judge a novel of its depth as well as (of ) its artistic appeal and ideological content (or: as to whether a novel digs deep or not or whether it excels in artistic appeal and ideological content). Some people compare Austen’s works to olives: the more you chew them, the more tasty (the tastier) they become. This comparison is based not only on (This is not only because of ) her expressive language and her creative contribution to the development of novel writing as an art, but also on (because of ) thefact that what hides behind her light and lively narrative is something implicit and opaque (not so explicit and transparent). Mrs. Smith once observed, women writers often sought (made attempts)to rectify the existing value concepts (orders) by changing people’s opinions on w hat is “important” and what is not.E-C原文I, by comparison, living in my overpriced city apartment, walking to work past putrid sacksof street garbage, paying usurious taxes to local and state governments I generally abhor, I amrated middle class. This causes me to wonder, do the measurement make sense? Are we measuring only that which is easily measured--- the numbers on the money chart --- and ignoring valuesmore central to the good life?For my sons there is of course the rural bounty of fresh-grown vegetables, line-caught fish and the shared riches of neighbours’ orchards and gardens. There is the unpaid baby-sitter for whose children my daughter-in-law baby-sits in return, and neighbours who barter their skills and labour. But more than that, how do you measure serenity? Sense if self?I don’t want to idealize life in small places. There are times when the outside world intrudes brutally, as when the cost of gasoline goes up or developers cast their eyes on untouched farmland. There are cruelties, there is intolerance, there are all the many vices and meannesses in smallplaces that exist in large cities. Furthermore, it is harder to ignore them when they cannot bebanished psychologically to another part of town or excused as the whims of alien groups --- when they have to be acknowledged as “part of us.”Nor do I want to belittle the opportunities for small decencies in cities --- the eruptions ofone-stranger-to-another caring that always surprise and delight. But these are,sadly,more exceptions than rules and are often overwhelmed by the awful corruptions and dangers that surround us.参考译文:对我的几个儿子来说,乡村当然有充足的新鲜蔬菜,垂钓来的鱼,邻里菜园和果园里可供分享的丰盛瓜果。

历年学位英语考试真题练习及答案

历年学位英语考试真题练习及答案

历年学位英语考试真题练习及答案历年学位英语考试真题练习及答案Passage 6It seems strange to think that, even today, methods of the(15) are not entirely useless.For exle, sometimes (19) agencies which use radio and Telstar also use pigeons to (20) messages between offices in large cities because the pigeons are not bothered by tragic problems.1. A. prohibited B. bounded C. limitedD. shifted2. A. rangeB. viewC. milesD. distance3. A. EvenB. AlthoughC. UnlessD. Whenever4. A. coverB. spreadC. helpD. pass5. A. inB. duringC. onD. at6. A. and thenB. by farC. whenD. and if7. A. spinsB. revolvesC. jumpsD. circles8. A. watchedB. visibleC. spottedD. protected9. A. alwaysB. temporarilyD. periodically10. A. ThisB. ThatC. WhatD. Which11. A. populationB. editionsC. articlesD. reports12. A. The other dayB. In the futureC. SomedayD. One day13. A. touchB. pressC. suppressD. thumb14. A. atB. inC. onD. by15. A. turnB. to turnC. turningD. to be turned16. A. alsoB. moreoverC. andD. then17. A. whatB. theseC. thoseD. ones18. A. passedB. pastC.-old daysD. out-of-date19. A. pressB. conferenceC. newspapersD. books20. A. bringB. takeC. distributePassage 6参考答案及解析1.【解析】C。

1995年全国硕士学位研究生入学考试 英语试题 及答案

1995年全国硕士学位研究生入学考试 英语试题 及答案

1995年全国硕士学位研究生入学考试英语试题Part ⅢReading ComprehensionPassage l51 . By the first sentence of the passage the author means that__.(A) he is fairly familiar with the cost of advertising(B) everybody knows well that advertising is money consuming(C) advertising costs money like everything else(D) it is worthwhile to spend money on advertising52. In the passage, which of the following is NOT included in the advantages of advertising?(A) Securing greater fame.(B) Providing more jobs.(C) Enhancing living standards.(D) Reducing newspaper cost.53. The author deems that the well-known TV personality is_.(A) very precise in passing his judgement on advertising(B) interested in nothing but the buyers' attention(C) correct in telling the difference between persuasion and information(D) obviously partial in his views on advertising54. In the author's opinion, __.(A) advertising can seldom bring material benefit to man by providing(B) advertising informs people of new ideas rather than wins them over(C) there is nothing wrong with advertising in persuading the buyer(D) the buyer is not interested in getting information from an advertisement Passage 255. A person is generally believed to achieve personal growth then__.(A) he has given up his smoking habit(B) he has made great efforts in his work(C) he is keen on learning anything new(D) he has tried to determine where he is on his journey56. In the author's eyes, one who views personal growth as a process would__.(A) succeed in climbing up the social ladder(B) judge his ability to glow from his own achievements(C) face difficulties and take up challenges(D) aim high and reach his goal each time57. When the author says "a new way of being" (line 3, Para. 3) he is referring to__.(A) a new approach to experiencing the world (B) a new way of taking risks (C) a new method of perceiving ourselves(D) a new system of adaptation to change58. For personal growth, the author advocates all of the following except_.(A) curiosity about more chances ( C) open-mindedness to new experiences(B) promptness in self-adaptation (D) avoidance of internal fears and doubts Passage 359. The word "it" (line 3, Para. 2) most probably refers to__.(A) the lack of stable communities(B) the breakdown of informal information channels(C) the increased mobility of families(D) the growing number of people moving from place to place60. The main problem people may encounter today arises form the fact that__.(A) they have to learn new things consciously(B) they lack the confidence of securing reliable and trustworthy information(C) they have difficulty obtaining the needed information readily(D) they can hardly carry out casual communications with an extended family.61. From the passage we can infer that__.(A) electronic mail will soon play a dominant role in transmitting messages(B) it will become more difficult for people to keep secrets in an information era(C) people will spend less time holding meetings or conferences(D) events will be reported on the spot mainly through satellites62. We can learn from the last paragraph that __.(A) it is necessary to obtain as much(B) people should make the best use of the information(C) we should realize the importance of accumulating information .(D) it is of vital importance to acquire needed information efficientlyPassage 463. According to the passage, A-type individuals are usually__.(A) impatient (B) considerate(C) aggressive (D) agreeable64. The author is strongly opposed to the practice of examinations at schools because__.(A) the pressure is too great on the students(B) some students are bound to fail(C) failure rates are too high(D) the results of examinations are doubtful65 . The selection of medical professionals are currently based on__.(A) candidates' sensitivity (B) academic achievements(C) competitive spirit (D) surer values66. From the passage we can draw the conclusion that__.(A) the personality of a child is well established at birth(B) family influence dominates the shaping of one' s characteristics .(C) the development of one' s personality is due to multiple factors(D) B-type characteristics can find no place in competitive societyPassage 567. From the evolutionary point of view,__.(A) forgetting for lack of practice tends to be obviously inadaptive .(B) if a person gets very forgetful all of a sudden he must be very adaptive(C)the gradual process of forgetting is an indication of an individual's adaptability(D) sudden forgetting may bring about adaptive consequences68. According to the passage, if a person never forgot ,__.(A) he would survive best(B) he would have a lot of trouble(C) his ability to learn would be enhanced(D) the evolution of memory would stop69. From the last paragraph we know that__.(A) forgetfulness is a response to learning(B) the memory storage system is an exactly balanced input-output system(C) memory is a compensation for forgetting(D) the capacity of a memory storage system is limited because forgetting occurs70. In this article, the author tries to interpret the function of__.(A) remembering (B) forgetting(C) adapting (D) experiencing51 [D] 52 [A] 53 [D] 54 [C] 55 [A] 56 [C] 57 [A] 58 [D] 59 [B] 60 [C]61 [A] 62 [D] 63 [C] 64 [B] 65 [B] 66 [C] 67 [D] 68 [B] 69 [A] 70 [B]Part ⅣEnglish Chinese Translation71 [参考译文]把标准化测试作为抨击目标的做法是错误的,因为在抨击此类测试时,批评者没有考虑其弊病来自人们对测试不甚了解或使用不当。

1995—2005年英语专八翻译真题及答案

1995—2005年英语专八翻译真题及答案

英语专业八级考试翻译部分历届试题及参考答案(1995-2005)1995 年英语专业八级考试--翻译部分参考译文C-E原文:简.奥斯丁的小说都是三五户人家居家度日,婚恋嫁娶的小事。

因此不少中国读者不理解她何以在西方享有那么高的声誉。

但一部小说开掘得深不深,艺术和思想是否有过人之处,的确不在题材大小。

有人把奥斯丁的作品比作越咀嚼越有味道的橄榄。

这不仅因为她的语言精彩,并曾对小说艺术的发展有创造性的贡献,也因为她的轻快活泼的叙述实际上并不那么浅白,那么透明。

史密斯夫人说过,女作家常常试图修正现存的价值秩序,改变人们对“重要”和“不重要”的看法。

也许奥斯丁的小说能教我们学会转换眼光和角度,明察到“小事”的叙述所涉及的那些不小的问题。

参考译文:However, subject matter is indeed not the decisive factor by which we judge a novel of its depth as well as (of ) its artistic appeal and ideological content (or: as to whether a novel digs deepor not or whether it excels in artistic appeal and ideological content). Some people compare Austen’s works to olives: the more you chew them, the more tasty (the tastier) they become. This comparison is based not only on (This is not only because of ) her expressive language and her creative contribution to the development of novel writing as an art, but also on (because of ) thefact that what hides behind her light and lively narrative is something implicit and opaque (not so explicit and transparent). Mrs. Smith once observed, women writers often sought (made attempts)to rectify the existing value concepts (orders) by changing people’s opinions on what is “important” and what is not.E-C原文I, by comparison, living in my overpriced city apartment, walking to work past putrid sacksof street garbage, paying usurious taxes to local and state governments I generally abhor, I amrated middle class. This causes me to wonder, do the measurement make sense? Are we measuring only that which is easily measured--- the numbers on the money chart --- and ignoring valuesmore central to the good life?For my sons there is of course the rural bounty of fresh-grown vegetables, line-caught fish and the shared riches of neighbours’ orchards an d gardens. There is the unpaid baby-sitter for whose children my daughter-in-law baby-sits in return, and neighbours who barter their skills and labour. But more than that, how do you measure serenity? Sense if self?I don’t want to idealize life in smal l places. There are times when the outside world intrudes brutally, as when the cost of gasoline goes up or developers cast their eyes on untouched farmland. There are cruelties, there is intolerance, there are all the many vices and meannesses in smallplaces that exist in large cities. Furthermore, it is harder to ignore them when they cannot bebanished psychologically to another part of town or excused as the whims of alien groups --- when they have to be acknowledged as “part of us.”Nor do I want to belittle the opportunities for small decencies in cities --- the eruptions ofone-stranger-to-another caring that always surprise and delight. But these are,sadly,more exceptions than rules and are often overwhelmed by the awful corruptions and dangers that surround us.参考译文:对我的几个儿子来说,乡村当然有充足的新鲜蔬菜,垂钓来的鱼,邻里菜园和果园里可供分享的丰盛瓜果。

2005年12研究生学位英语真题

2005年12研究生学位英语真题

2005.12 研究生英语学位课统考真题Paper OnePart I Listening Comprehension (25minutes, 20 points)Section A ( 1 point each)1. A 5 minutes B 15 minutes C 20 minutes D 25 minutes2. A $200 B $400 C $300 D $5003. A Because he has been hiding lately.B Because he has been busy preparing his trip.C Because he has been back home.D Because he has to work hard for traveling expense.4. A On a three-week trip B To their neighborsC On the way back homeD To work5. A She gladly accepted it . B She declined it politely.C She firmly turned it down .D She didn’t know what to do.6. A The girl’s father had an accident yesterday.B The girl’s father was still in serious condition.C The girl’s father has been told about his daughter’s real condition.D The girl’s father doesn’t know anything about his daughter’s real condition.7. A 144 pounds B 164 pounds C 140 pounds D 154 pounds8. A A new flat B A trip to the island C A disease D A recent fire.9. A Because of the bad weather B Because the food has spoiledC Because some people are sickD Because they had to prepare for an exam.Section B ( 1 point each) Mini-talk One10. A Science and Technology B Arts and Social Sciences C Architecture D Humanities11. A Psychology, sociology, history and economicsB Psychology, sociology, history and linguisticsC Biology, sociology, history and linguistics.D Biology, sociology, history and economics.12. A They have difficulties seeing their lecturers. B They fall meeting deadlines for an essay.C They have difficulty going to classesD Their lecturers are unavailable.Mini-talk Two13. A At the beginning of the work day. B In the middle of the work day.C At the end of the work dayD In the evening14. A In the basement B On the top floor C In a cafeteria . D In the middle of the building15. A They took emergency elevators B They were rescued by the firemen.C They waited until things returned to normalD They walked down the stairs.Section CNotes about the lecture: What is Happiness?Common myths about money and happiness16. For very poor people------17. For very wealthy people ----For middle-class people ----They are not less happy than wealthy people./Happiness does not depend on money.The three qualities happy people have18._________________________________________19._________________________________________20._________________________________________Part II V ocabulary (10minutes, 10 points)Section A (0.5 point each)21. The vast crowd bust into spontaneous cheering at the skillful play.A earnestB volcanicC heartyD automatic22. Not everyone in the intelligence community was convinced the document was genuine.A standardB validC neatD lucid23. They found substantial evidence that exposures to nerve gas was responsible for the veterans’ symptoms.A contactB betrayalC exhibitionD publication24 The majority of prospective adoptive parents use an adoption agency, while others consult adoption facilitators in the United States.A confidentB justifiedC sensibleD potential25. This patient must on no account be left unattended, even for one minute.A not repeatedlyB not in any circumstancesC without any reasonD with no explanation.26. Only a few Furgans remain alive today, a fading anthropological link with the first native Americans.A condescendingB amplifyingC prosperousD vanishing27. He was as deliberate in his speech as he was in his work, weighing his words momentously, even if they were only going to add up to a casual remark.A a wittyB an indifferentC an offendingD a humorous28. Embarrassed, he slung her over his shoulder and made a hasty exit.A turnB leapC speechD leave29. Eighty-five percent of people polled recently had not a clue what is meant by InfoTech, although 53% of those polled said they thought it sounded pretty important.A inspectedB registeredC votedD nominated30. It would be a way of preserving animals that are dying out because their habitat is being destroyed.A mateB prayC territoryD enemySection B (0.5point each)31. Mourinho is a young and ___coach who is prepared to lead his team to win the championship in his first season.A clumsyB humorousC ambitiousD intimate32. Just wait for one second, I am ____ready.A all butB all overC at allD at any moment33. If you can’t think of anywhere to go on Saturday, we ___as well stay home.A shouldB mightC canD need34. A nation that does not know history is ___ to repeat it.A discouragedB characterizedC linkedD fated35. They preferred a British Commonwealth or European arrangement, because this was substantially ____their British thinking.A in touch withB in line withC with relation toD with reference to36. The traffic accident that delayed our bus gave us a ___ reason for being late.A promptB vagueC irritableD legitimate37. The United States has 10 percent of the total petroleum _____of the world in its own territory, and has been a major producer for decades.A reservoirsB reservationsC reservesD reproductions38. This is the world’s first accurate ___ model of human heart in computer.A settingB laboringC showingD working39. In 2000 I visited Berkeley, where I began my long ___ with this world famous university.A interactionB nominationC reconstructionD association40. ___, ads for phony business opportunities appear in the classified pages of daily and weekly newspapers and magazines , and online.A SpeciallyB TypicallyC EspeciallyD CommonlyPart IIICloze Test ( 10 minutes, 10 points, 1 point each)Earthquakes have never really affected Hong Kong, but this has not been the case on the mainland, where their effects through history have often been devastating, causing widespread destruction and loss of life.In ancient China, earthquakes were occasionally followed by riots and rebellions, so it was important for the emperor to find out about quakes in remote parts of the country as soon 41 occurred. This was 42 far from easy in an age before modern telecommunications.In the year 132 AD, however, the scientist and inventor, Zhang Heng, devised a forerunner of the modern seismograph ( an instrument used by scientists to detect earthquakes). 43 only could it detect a distant earthquake as it happened, but it could 44 in which direction the epicenter of the quake lay.The machine, was from metal, was almost two meters 445, and shaped like a vase. There were dragons’ heads around the rim, each with a metal ball in its mouth. The ball we re balanced 46 when the earth moved slightly, one of them would fall into the mouth of a metal toad at the base of the vase. 47 creating a loud noise to raise the alarm. The direction of the earthquake was indicated by 48 ball fell, and a special mechanism ensured that only one ball could fall.The device was viewed with considerable suspicion and doubt 49 especially since the first time it dropped a ball, no shock could be felt. But people changed their minds a few days later, when a messenger 50 news of an earthquake 700km away.41. A as it B if they C as they D that it42. A naturally B obvious C clear D hardly43. A But B Not C Yet D If44. A show besides B have to show C also indicate D also displaying45. A across B through C length D width46. A in order to B carefully if C delicately D so that47. A besides B thereby C resulting D furthermore48. A whichever B how C whenever D the49. A to begin B besides C initially D first50. A would bring B brought C carrying D had carriedPart IVReading Comprehension ( 45minutes, 30 points, 1 point each)Passage 1In a new book published this month called Gray Dawn, Peter G. Peterson predicts that in less than 25 years, senior citizens will comprise more than 18 percent of the entire U.S. population ----the same proportion as in Florida today. Put another way, that means that early in the 21st century, therewill be more grandparents than grandchildren. Peterson, a former secretary of Commerce under Nixon, is primarily concerned with what the aging of America---a product of both longer life spans and falling birthrates---means for Social Security and Medicare. But the social ramifications will be at least as profound as the economic ones. Will all those seniors shift the balance of political power? How will Hollywood executives, funeral directors and the auto industry change their products to meet the demands of a markedly older public? Because women tend to outlive men, will an older America also be significantly more female? In short, what will America be like when we all become a Senior Nation?Anyone who has visited West Palm Beach or Tucson knows part of the answer, lots of people driving very slowly in big cars on their way to early-bird dinners. But that’s only the most broad-brush observation. The political changes alone will be enough to bury all those stereotypes about the feeble elderly. Peterson estimates that by 2038, people 64 and older will make up 34 percent of the electorate-up from only 16 percent in 1966. you think Social Security is a sacred cow now? And the battle over entitlements may get uglier. The 65-plus population is about 85 percent white. The younger generations---the ones fo oting the seniors’ bills---are much more racially mixed. “What you’ve got is an overwhelmingly white generation with enormous influence, asking African-Americans, Hispanics and Asians to support them for decades,” says Ken Dychtwald, president of Age Wave, a consulting firm that focuses on the maturing marketplace. “The tension becomes not only generational but racial.”51. What is true of American population?A Florida’s population is 18% of the entire U.S. population.B American people will represent 18% of the world’s population.C American population will increase by 18% early in the next century.D Senior citizens will outnumber teenagers in less than 25 years in the U.S.52. According to Peterson, the aging of America is caused by ___A social security and medicareB shift in the balance of political powerC longer life spans and falling birthratesD social ramifications as well as economic ones53. Who is Peter G. Peterson?A a funeral director.B A Hollywood executiveC A secretary of CommerceD The author of G ray Daw n.54. Gray Dawn probably refers to the fact that ____A the younger generations are much more racially mixed.B the U.S will be significantly more female in the next century.C the stereotypes about the feeble elderly are being dispersed by political changes.D the U.S is entering a stage when they are more grandparents than grandchildren.55. What is the best title for the passage?A The U.S--- A Senior NationB The Senior Boom is ComingC A Book Called Gray DawnD Generational and Racial TensionPassage 2Weary after centuries of fighting the surging North Sea from gushing into this low-lying nation, the Netherlands is rethinking how to keep Dutch feet dry.The traditional method of stopping flood water has been to build dikes. But at the Second World Water Forum, a five-day conference that was to start today in The Hague, Dutch water experts were to explain that the best way to handle the water may be to let it in.In the Netherlands---half of which lies below sea level---the Ministry of Water Management has designated several low-lying regions as “calamity flood plains” that would be used in emergenciesto divert floodwaters from populated areas, spokesman Hans Scholoten said.Referring to the fable of a Dutch boy named Hans Brinker who saved the nation from disaster by plugging a hole in the sea barrier, Undersecretary for Water Management Monique de Vries said: Hans Brinker will have to take his finer out of the dike and pull on his galoshes.”Although the country has built dikes and reclaimed land since the Middle Ages, repeated flooding of farmland in recent years and high maintenance costs have led to a rethinking about the old methods.“Sometimes it doesn’t make sense to ignore the processes of nature,” said Bert Blasé, spokesman for an association of regional water boards. “Flooding certain nature reserve areas every few years would be good for the environment.” Part of the plan involves widening river beds to a llow larger volumes of water to flow to the sea. Although it is still unclear how much land could eventually be allocated to the project--- some inhabitants would have to be relocated---large areas of the eastern Dutch province of Gelderland have been labeled as suitable.While flooding is a serious threat to the Dutch, global warming could expose many more in this country of 15 million to drought and water pollution if governments do not take drastic measures, conference organizers have warned.More than 3,5000 delegates from 150 countries will attend the conference, the follow-up to the first global water congress, which was held in Marrakech, Morocco, two years ago.With one-sixth of the world’s population lacking clean drinking water, forum organizers have called for annual global spending on water problems to be more than doubled from about $70 billion or $80 billion to $180 billion.In the closing stages of the conference, ministers from more than 100 countries will meet to discuss sustainable water for the world’s growing population and farmers who grows crops for mass consumption.56. What is the new idea the experts put forward to keep Dutch feet dry?A To build more powerful dams.B To let the sea water in the inside.C To ignore the process of natureD To flood certain nature reserves.57. Hans Brinker is known as a national hero____.A In Dutch history who succeeded in diverting floodwater from the populated areas.B who took his finger out of the dike and built a sea barrier.C who pulled his finger on his galoshes and saved the nation from being drowned.D a legend who saved the nation by stopping the sea flood in58. Which of the following is NOT included in the forth-coming Dutch project in saving the nation from possible sea floods?A To designate some low-lying regions as “calamity flood plains”.B To let the sea flood certain nature reserve areas every few years.C To broaden some river beds to allow more river water to flow to the sea.D To expose many more areas of the country to drought or flood.59. All the following are the topics to be discussed in the Second World Water Forum EXCEPT_____A how to diver floodwaters from the populated areas of Holland.B how to reduce water pollution and provide more healthy drinking water for the growing population.C how to help farmers to keep on the sustainable agriculture by watering their crops timely.D how to take measures to slow down the ever-accelerating global warming up tendency.60. The best way to paraphra se the sentence “Sometimes it doesn’t make sense to ignore the processof nature” is ____A Sometimes it’s no use ignoring the process of nature.B In some cases man can and must neglect the law of nature.C It would often be harmful for Man to go against the process of natureD Man must always follow the way of how things are going onPassage 3“Refrigerator production in China jumped from 1.4million units in 1985 to 10.6million in 1998,” according to David Fridley, a researcher in the Department of Energy’s Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, USA.The Global Environmental Facility, through the United Nations Development Program, has decided to fund $9.3 million of the $40 million program to help the government of China transform its market for refrigerators. The refrigerator project began in 1989 when the EPA signed an agreement with the government of China to assist in the elimination of CFCs from refrigerators. Berkeley Lab has been involved in the project since 1995 through the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, developing the market transformation program based on the success of the firstphase of the project, which involved designing and testing CFC( echlorofluorocabon含氯氟烃)free,energy, efficient refrigerators. Fridley says that beyond his technical supervisory role, the Laboratory will be involved in training and working with the State Bureau of Technical Supervision as the new efficiency standards are developed.“Market transformation,” Fridley explains, “is the process of shifting consumer demand for a product, in this case to a more energy efficient, environmentally favorable product through voluntary, market based means such as technical assistance and training for manufacturers, consumer education, and financial incentives to manufacture and sell the more efficient product.”“Collectively, we developed a technical training program for Chinese refrigerator manufacturers interested in developing CFC free, efficient refrigerators; a financial incentive program to motivate manufacturers to build the most efficient refrigerator possible; and a mass purchasing program for Chinese government agencies that acquire refrigerators in bulk,”Fridley says.In 1998, the refrigerator project was awarded an International Climate Protection Award by the EPA. “It is not widely known in the United States, but China has had an energy efficiency policy in place since the early 1980s,” says Mark Levine, Environmental Energy Technolo gies Division director and an advisor to the Chinese government on energy efficiency. “The government of China is committed to using energy more efficiently, and this has allowed the economy to grow at nearly twice the rate of energy consumption.”“The E nergy-Efficient Refrigerator Project will have a significant, direct effect on reducing greenhouse gas and pollutant emissions. We are Berkeley Lab are graceful to have the chance to work with the people and government of China on this project, as well as on our other refrigerator production projects in energy data analysis, appliance efficiency standards, and technical advice on cogeneration plants,” adds Levine.61. The main idea of this passage is about _____A the refrigerator production in China supported by UN and USA.B the energy-efficient refrigerator project in China aided by the UN.C the American aid to the Chinese government in environmental protection.D the tremendous increase of China’s refrigerator production.62. From what the two American researchers said we can conclude that ____A the America experts working in the refrigerator project are disappointed at China’s refrigeratorproduction.B the American researchers are particularly worried about China’s over-emission of CCFC into the air.C the American researchers in refrigerator technology enjoy their opportunity to work in China.D the American experts see China as the best place to increase their export of refrigerator technology.63. According to the Fridley, “Market transformation” means ____A giving a practical guide to the consumers’ needs as which products are better.B strengthening the training of designers and manufacturers and educate the consumers to distinguish right products from the fake ones.C producing high-quality products that can reach the international standards for environmental protection.D trying to meet the demand of the consumers by improving the quality of products comprehensively.64 The pronoun “it” in the sentence “It is not widely known in the United States” (paragraph 5) may refer to ____A an International Climate Protection Award.B the EPA, that is, the U.S Environmental Protection AgencyC The refrigerator project that won the award.D The mass purchasing program for Chinese government agencies.65. Why is the Energy-Efficient Refrigerator Project of great significance to China’s further development?A Because the project will have a significant, direct effect on reducing greenhouse gas and pollutant emissions.B Because th e Chinese government is eager to improve its people’s living conditions.C Because the Chinese government is determined to protect the environment from being destroyed by industrial pollution.D Because the Chinese government is eager to up-to-date the production of its electronic industry. Passage 4By the mid-nineteenth century, in addition to its natural resources, the United States had accumulated enough capital in the form of factories to productively employ a large amount of labor, or human resources. A nation that still consisted largely of independent farmers could not provide an adequate labor supply for heavy industrialization. But millions of new workers came to the United States from abroad.As we are all aware, not all these workers arrived voluntarily. Slaves were brought from Africa to the South; they were put to work on plantations to extract maximum harvests from the cotton fields. But in the North, the machines that turned that cotton into textiles were worked by massive waves of immigrants who came willingly from one part of Europe after another. This vastly expanded pool of labor allowed from large leaps in our national output.A nation can’t grow forever by finding more natural resources and attracting more workers; thus, a co untry’s extensive growth will eventually slow. But intensive growth gradually appears as better use is made of the labor force. In the United States, in the mid-nineteenth century many of the newly arrived immigrants were unskilled and illiterate, but the education policy of their new land meant that their children all received an education, and many were trained in a skill. If a society gives workers more knowledge, they will be able to use machines in a more complex way and to follow more complex instructions, yielding manufactured goods of greater value; this process isoften known as investing in human capital. In the late twentieth century, our physical capital is so abundant and our natural resources so limited that we are beginning to appreciate the importance of improving our human resources if we are to continue to grow.66. This passage mainly discuss the national output in terms of ________A the labor forceB natural resourcesC factoriesD immigration67. We can infer from the passag e (paragraph 2) that the South’s contribution to the growth of industry in the mid-nineteenth century was mainly ________A raw materialsB skilled laborC manufactured goodsD industrial sites68. The phrase “massive waves of immigrants” in line 9 of the passage means that ____A many immigrants came by ship.B immigrant families stayed together.C groups of immigrants came at different times.D groups of immigrants were greeted enthusiastically.69. From the passage, which of the following can be inferred about the United States in the first half of the nineteenth century?A It was producing large amounts of manufactured goods.B It was largely agricultural.C It was fully industrializedD It was low in natural resources70. We can infer from the passage that intensive growth of a nation’s economy requires ____A expansion of resourcesB better use of the labor forceC attracting unskilled laborD limiting the human resources.71.According to the passage, what is the end goal of an investment in human capital?A Providing more valuable manufactured goods.B Educating immigrant families.C Training in use of complex machines.D Developing literacy for all.72. We can infer from the passage (paragraph 3) that in the mid-nineteenth century the United States placed a high value to ___A European tradeB educationC agricultureD development of natural resources. Passage 5Economists have received the unfair reputation of being unable to agree on anything. The image of economists in disagreement is part of our folklore. An English commentator wrote: “If parliament were to ask six economists for an opinion, seven answers could come back---two no doubt from the volatile Mr. Keynes.” The London Times laments the “rise in skepticism about what economists can tell us,” and Business week complains about “the intellectual bankruptcy of economics profession.”The image of widespread disagreement among economists is overrated. The result of a survey of 100 professional economists confirm that there is considerable agreement among economists about what can be done (positive economics), especially in a microeconomic context. However, there is more disagreement over what ought to be done . Questions of what ought to be done (Should we equalize the distribution of income? Should we increase defense spending?) require moral and political value judgments on which individuals naturally differ. Finally , disagreement among professional economists receives more publicity than other scientific professions, which contributes to the false image of economists in disaccord.While disagreements in other sciences are as strong or even stronger than in economics, these disagreements are less visible to the public eye. Theoretical physicists have disagreed about the physical nature of the universe since the foundations of physics, but this scientific controversy is understood by only a few theoretical physicists.It does not require much disagreement to bring disputes to the public’s attention. Everyone is interested in economic questions: Will inflation accelerate? Will I lose my job? Why is the price of gasoline rising so fast? Why are home mortgages so hard to come by? Economists do disagree,particularly on some big macroeconomic issues. But often what the public perceives as disagreements over positive economics are really disagreements over what ought to be. In general, there is more agreement than disagreement among economists.73. According to the passage, the commentator mentions Mr. Keynes as noted for his ____A good senseB inconsistency of opinionsC predictabilityD greediness74. According to the passage, positive economics is ____A an attempt to convince disgruntled economistsB statements in microeconomics about what is possible.C financial statements showing againD results of economic surveys75. The author believes that disagreement between economists is all of the following EXCEPT _____A naturalB exaggeratedC publicizedD nonexistent76. According to the passage, which of the following statements describes disagreements between theoretical physicists?A They are fairly recent situations.B They are not easily understood by non-physicists.C The public follows them intently.D They are not worthy of publication.77. The phrase “hard to come by” in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to ____A badly advertisedB difficult to obtainC far awayD plentiful78. It can be inferred from the passage that economists find macroeconomic issues ___A more controversial than microeconomic issues.B easier to understand than positive economicsC similar to issues in theoretical physicsD not concerned with reality.79. The purpose of the author in this passage is to ___A point out a misconceptionB support a generalizationC elaborate on a mythD compare two views80. The author’s attitude toward economists in this passage is ____A sympatheticB criticalC indifferentD skepticalPaper TwoPart V Translation (30 minutes, 20 points)Section A (15 minutes, 10 points)The wise man knows the place of these things in the scheme of life as a whole. He knows that money and possessions are means, not ends. He knows the difference between pleasures of the moment and enduring satisfactions, between being great and being famous, between reverence and superstition, between solidity and show in literature, art and life. He knows that in the human lot some evils are unavoidable, that loss and disease and old age are bound to come; and he has made his peace with their coming.Section B ( 15minutes, 10 points)没有盼头的日子是苍白而且不可想象的人得天天有点什么盼头,生活才不至于暗淡.有了盼头,会觉得太阳每天都是新的.土地去掉水分,就成了沙漠;人没了盼,还剩什么?小盼头支撑人的一天,大盼头支撑人的一生.Part VI Writing (30 minutes, 10 points)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition of no less than 150 words under the title of “Man’s Best Friend Is A Dog.” Your composition should be based on the following outline:1.Dogs play an important part in many people’s lives2.There are some unpleasant aspects of dogs in society.。

学位英语-历年真题翻译

学位英语-历年真题翻译

近年汉译英汇总2004年1月考研的人在英语上花的时间远远多于其它学科,希望英语分数越高越好。

许多人坚信成功地秘诀是参加短训班和多背范文,结果却发现此招不灵。

他们为提高英语水平做出的努力很难得到回报。

参考译文:Those who take the entrance examination for graduate schools spend much (/far) more time on English than on other subjects, hoping for the highest possible scores of English. Many people are convinced that the secret to success is to attend training courses (/classes) and learn many sample writings by heart, only to find that doesn’t work. Their efforts to improving their English can’t pay off easily.2004年6月计算机被认为是有史以来对人类生活影响最大的发明。

它的神奇之处在于其运算速度和准确性优于人类。

计算机能在几秒钟内完成几十年前可能需要数天才能完成的事。

这是人类第一次感到自己作为最高级物种的地位受到了挑战。

参考译文:The computer is believed (/regarded /considered) to be the invention that has exerted the greatest influence on human lives in history. What is remarkable about it is that it can calculate with better speed and accuracy than man. The computer can finish in seconds what might have taken days decades ago. This is the first time that man has felt that his position (/status) as the highest species has been challenged.2005年1月人们越来越意识到开发环保型产品的重要性。

考研英语阅读真题正文 全文翻译(1995

考研英语阅读真题正文 全文翻译(1995

考研英语阅读真题正文+全文翻译(19952010 Text 1 在过去的25年英语报纸所发生的变化中,影响最深远的可能就是它们对艺术方面的报道在范围上毫无疑问的缩小了,而且这些报道的严肃程度也绝对降低了。

对于年龄低于40岁的普通读者来讲,让他们想象一下当年可以在许多大城市报纸上读到精品的文艺评论简直几乎是天方夜谭。

然而,在20世纪出版的最重要的文艺评论集中,人们读到的大部分评论文章都是从报纸上收集而来。

现在,如果读到这些集子,人们肯定会惊诧,当年这般渊博深奥的内容竟然被认为适合发表在大众日报中。

从20世纪早期到二战以前,当时的英国报纸上的评论主题广泛,包罗万象,我们现在离此类报纸评论越来越远。

当时的报纸极其便宜,人们把高雅时尚的文艺批评当作是所刊登报纸的一个亮点。

在那些遥远的年代,各大报刊的评论家们都会不遗余力地详尽报道他们所报道的事情,这在当时被视为是理所当然的事情。

他们的写作是件严肃的事情,人们相信:甚至那些博学低调不喜欢炫耀的评论家,比如George Bernard Shaw和Ernest Newman也知道自己在做什么。

这些批评家们相信报刊评论是一项职业,并且对于他们的文章能够在报纸上发表感到很自豪。

“鉴于几乎没有作家能拥有足够的智慧或文学天赋以保证他们在新闻报纸写作中站稳脚跟”,Newman曾写道,“我倾向于把?新闻写作?定义为不受读者欢迎的作家用来嘲讽受读者欢迎的作家的一个?轻蔑之词? ” 不幸的是,这些批评家们现在实际上已被人们遗忘。

从1917年开始一直到1975年去世不久前还在为曼彻斯特《卫报》写文章的Neville Cardus,如今仅仅作为一个撰写关于板球比赛文章的作家被人们所知。

但是,在他的一生当中,他也是英国首屈一指的古典音乐评论家之一。

他也是一位深受读者青睐的文体家,所以1947年他的《自传》一书就成为热销读物。

1967年他被授予爵士称号,也是第一位获此殊荣的音乐评论家。

老托福精选95-05阅读理解原文真题及答案97年10月

老托福精选95-05阅读理解原文真题及答案97年10月

老托福精选95-05阅读理解原文、真题及答案答案见隐藏文字1997.10Question 1-7Hotels were among the earliest facilities that bound the United States together. They were both creatures and creators of communities, as well as symptoms of the frenetic quest for community. Even in the first part of the nineteenth century, Americans were private, business and pleasure purposes. Conventions were the new occasions, and hotels were distinctively American facilities making conventions possible. The first national convention of a majorthe National Republican party, which met on December 12, 1831, and nominated Henry Clay for President) was held in Baltimore, at a hotel that was then reputed to be the best in the country. The presence in Baltimore of Barnum's City Hotel, a six-story building with two hundred apartments helps explain why many other early national political conventions were held there.In the longer run, too. American hotels made other national conventions not only possible but pleasant and convivial. The growing custom of regularly assembling from afar the representatives of all kinds of groups - not only for political conventions, but also forones - in turn supported the multiplying hotels. By mid-twentieth century, conventions accounted for over third of the yearly room occupancy of all hotels in the nation, about eighteen thousand different conventions were held annually with a total attendance of about ten million persons.Nineteenth-century American hotelkeepers, who were no longer the genial, deferential "hosts" of the eighteenth-century European inn, became leading citizens. Holding a large stake in the community, they exercised power to make it prosper. As owners or managers of the local "palace of the public", they were makers and shapers of a principal community attraction. Travelers from abroad were mildly shocked by this high social position.1. The word "bound" in line 1 is closest in meaning to(A) led(B) protected(C) tied(D) strengthened2. The National Republican party is mentioned in line 5 as an example of a group(A) from Baltimore(B) of learned people(C) owning a hotel(D) holding a convention(A) announcing(B) motivating(C) gathering(D) contracting(A) hotels(B) conventions(C) kinds(D) representatives(A) European inn(B) host(C) community(D) public6. It can be inferred from the passage that early hotelkeepers in the United States were(A) active politicians(B) European immigrants(C) professional builders(D) Influential citizens7. Which of the following statements about early American hotels is NOT mentioned in thepassage?(A) Travelers from abroad did not enjoy staying in them.(B) Conventions were held in them(C) People used them for both business and pleasure.(D) They were important to the community.Question 8-17Beads were probably the first durable ornaments humans possessed, and the intimate relationship they had with their owners is reflected in the fact that beads are among the most common items found in ancient archaeological sites. In the past, as today, men, women, andfrom birth until death, and then are buried with their owners for the afterlife. Abrasion due to daily wear alters the surface features of beads, and if they are buried for long, the effects of corrosion can further change their appearance. Thus, interest is imparted to the bead both by use and the effects of time.Besides their wearability, either as jewelry or incorporated into articles of beads possess the desirable characteristics of every collectible, they are durable, portable, availablein infinite variety, and often valuable in their original cultural context as well as in today's market. Pleasing to look at and touch, beads come in shapes, colors, and materials that almost compel one to handle them and to sort them.Beads are miniature bundles of secrets waiting to be revealed: their history, manufacture, cultural context, economic role, and ornamental use are all points of information one hopes toto many human experiences. The bead researcher must gather information from many diverse fields. In addition to having to be a generalist while specializing in what may seem to be a narrow field, the researcher is faced with the problem of primary materials that have little or no documentation. Many ancient beads that are of ethnographic interest have often been separated from their original cultural context.The special attractions of beads contribute to the uniqueness of bead research. While often regarded as the "small change of civilizations", beads are a part of every culture, and they can often be used to date archaeological sites and to designate the degree of mercantile, technological, and cultural sophistication.8. What is the main subject of the passage?(A) Materials used in making beads.(B) How beads are made(C) The reasons for studying beads(D) Different types of beads(A) protected(B) decorated(C) purchased(D) enjoyed(A) ritual(B) importance(C) clothing(D) history11. All of the following are given as characteristics of collectible objects EXCEPT(A) durability(B) portability(C) value(D) scarcity.12. According to the passage, all of the following are factors that make people want to touchbeads EXCEPT the(A) shape(B) color(C) material(D) odor(A) communicate(B) transport(C) improve(D) discover(A) carved(B) beautiful(C) ordinary(D) heavy15. It is difficult to trace the history of certain ancient beads because they(A) are small in size(B) have been buried underground(C) have been moved from their original locations(D) are frequently lost16. Knowledge of the history of some beads may be useful in the studies done by which of thefollowing?(A) Anthropologists(B) Agricultural experts(C) Medical researchers(D) Economists17. Where in the passage does the author describe why the appearance of beads may change?(A) Lines 2-3(B) Lines 3-5(C) Lines 7-8(D) Lines 12-13.Question 18-31such as use their bills to pry open the tightly sealed shells of their prey,smell out earthworms thanks to nostrils located at the tip of their beaks. But few birds are more intimately tied to their source of sustenance than are crossbills. Two species of these finches, named for the way the upper and lower parts of their bills cross, rather than meet in the middle, reside in the evergreen forests of North America and feed on the seeds held within the cones of coniferous trees.The efficiency of the bill is evident when a crossbill locates a cone. Using a lateral motion of its lower mandible, the bird separates two overlapping scales on the cone and exposes the seed. The crossed mandibles enable the bird to exert a powerful biting force at the bill tips,is critical for maneuvering them between the scales and spreading the scales apart.Next, the crossbill snakes its long tongue into and draws out the seed. Using thecombined action of the bill and tongue, the bird cracks open the woody seedcovering action and swallows the nutritious inner kernel. This whole process takes but a few seconds and is repeated hundreds of times a day.more slander and shallow. As a rule, large-billed crossbills are better at securing seeds fromlarge cones, while small-billed crossbills are at removing the seeds from small, thin-scaled cones. Moreover, the degree to which cones are naturally slightly open or tightly closed helps determine which bill design is the best.One anomaly is the subspecies of red crossbill known as the Newfoundland crossbill. Thiskind of cones that the slender-billed white-wings rely on.18. What does the passage mainly discuss?(A) The importance of conifers in evergreen forests(B) The efficiency of the bill of the crossbill(C) The variety of food available in a forest(D) The different techniques birds use to obtain foodmentioned in line1?(A) Different shapes of bills have evolved depending on the available food supply(B) White - wing crossbills have evolved from red crossbills(C) Newfoundland's conifers have evolved small cones(D) Several subspecies of crossbills have evolved from two species(A) They are examples of birds that live in the forest(B) Their beaks are similar to the beak of the crossbill(C) They illustrate the relationship between bill design and food supply(D) They are closely related to the crossbill21. Crossbills are a type of(A) shorebird(B) hummingbird(C) kiwi(D) finch22. Which of the following most closely resembles the bird described in lines 6-8?(A) (图)(B) (图)(C) (图)(D) (图)(A) seed(B) bird(C) force(D) bill(A) opening(B) flower(C) mouth(D) tree(A) eats(B) breaks(C) finds out(D) gets rid of(A) bills(B) species(C) seeds(D) cones(A) hungry(B) skilled(C) tired(D) pleasant(A) strong(B) colorful(C) unusual(D) sharp29. In what way is the Newfoundland crossbill an anomaly?(A) It is larger than the other crossbill species(B) It uses a different technique to obtain food(C) The size of its bill does not fit the size of its food source(D) It does not live in evergreen forests.30. The final paragraph of the passage will probably continue with a discussion of(A) other species of forest birds(B) the fragile ecosystem of Newfoundland(C) what mammals live in the forests of North America(D) how the Newfoundland crossbill survives with a large bill31. Where in the passage does the author describe how a crossbill removes a seed from itscone?(A) The first paragraph(B) The second paragraph(C) The third paragraph(D) The forth paragraphQuestion 32-38If you look closely at some of the early copies of the Declaration of Independence, beyond the flourished signature of John Hancock and the other 55 men who signed it, you will also find the name of one woman, Mary Katherine Goddard. It was she, a Baltimore printer, who published the first official copies of the Declaration, the first copies that included the names ofMary Goddard first got into printing at the age of twenty-four when her brother opened a printing shop in Providence, Rhode Island, in 1762. When he proceeded to get into trouble with his partners and creditors, it was Mary Goddard and her mother who were left to run the shop. In 1765 they began publishing the Providence Gazette, a weekly newspaper. Similar problems seemed to follow her brother as he opened businesses in Philadelphia and again in Baltimore. Each time Ms. Goddard was brought in to run the newspapers. After starting Baltimore's first newspaper, The Maryland Journal, in 1773, her brother went broke trying to organize a colonial postal service. While he was in debtor's prison. Mary Katherine Goddard's name appeared on the newspaper's masthead for the first time.Goddard to print the first official version of the Declaration of Independence in January 1777. After printing the documents, she herself paid the post riders to deliver the Declaration throughout the colonies.During the American Revolution, Mary Goddard continued to publish Baltimore's only newspaper, which one historian claimed was "second to none among the colonies". She was also the city's postmaster from 1775 to 1789 - appointed by Benjamin Franklin - and is32. With which of the following subjects is the passage mainly concerned?(A) The accomplishments of a female publisher(B) The weakness of the newspaper industry(C) The rights of a female publisher(D) The publishing system in colonial America33. Mary Goddard's name appears on the Declaration of Independence because(A) she helped write the original document(B) she published the document(C) she paid to have the document printed(D) her brother was in prison(A) influenced(B) announced(C) rejected(D) ignored35. According to the passage, Mary Goddard first became involved in publishing when she(A) was appointed by Benjamin Franklin(B) signed the Declaration of Independence.(C) took over her brother's printing shop(D) moved to Baltimore(A) the colonies(B) the print shop(C) Baltimore(D) Providence37. It can be inferred from the passage that Mary Goddard was(A) an accomplished businesswoman(B) extremely wealthy(C) a member of the Continental Congress(D) a famous writer(A) job(B) election(C) document(D) locationQuestion 39-50Galaxies are building blocks of the universe. A galaxy is giant family of many millions of stars, and it is held together by its own gravitational field. Most of the material universe is organized into galaxies of stars together with gas and dust.There are three main types of galaxy: spiral, elliptical, and irregular. The Milky Way is a spiral galaxy, a flattish disc of stars with two spiral arms emerging from its central nucleus. About one-quarter of all galaxies have this shape. Spiral galaxies are well supplied with theinterstellar gas new stars form: as the rotating spiral pattern sweeps around the galaxy it compresses gas and dust, triggering the formation of bright young stars and in itsstructure. Most of their member stars are very old and since ellipticals are devoid of interstellar gas, no new stars are forming in them. The biggest and brightest galaxies in the universe are ellipticals with masses of about 1013 times that of the Sun, these giants may frequently be sources of strong radio emission, in which case they are called radio galaxies. About two-thirds of all galaxies are elliptical. Irregular galaxies comprise about one-tenth of all galaxies and they come in many subclasses.Measurement in space is quite different from measurement on Earth. Some terrestrial distances can be expressed as intervals of time, the time to fly from one continent to another or the time it takes to drive to work, for example. By comparison with these familiaryardsticks, the distances to the galaxies are incomprehensibly large, too are made more manageable by using a time calibration, in this case the distance that light travels in oneyear. On such a scale the nearest giant spiral galaxy, the Andromeda galaxy, is two million light years away. The most distant luminous objects seen by telescopes are probably ten thousand million light years away. Their light was already halfway here before the Earth evenformed. The light from the nearby Virgo galaxy set out when reptiles still the animal world.(A) intense(B) principal(C) huge(D) unique40. What does the second paragraph mainly discuss?(A) The Milky Way(B) Major categories of galaxies(C) How elliptical galaxies are formed(D) Differences between irregular and spiral galaxies(A) dust(B) gas(C) pattern(D) galaxy42. According to the passage, new stars are formed in spiral galaxies due to(A) an explosion of gas(B) the compression of gas and dust(C) the combining of old stars(D) strong radio emissions(A) proportionally balanced(B) commonly seen(C) typically large(D) steadily growing(A) discovered(B) apparent(C) understood(D) simplistic45. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true of elliptical galaxies?(A) They are the largest galaxies.(B) They mostly contain old stars.(C) They contain a high amount of interstellar gas.(D) They have a spherical shape.46. Which of the following characteristics of radio galaxies is mentioned in the passage?(A) They are a type of elliptical galaxy.(B) They are usually too small to be seen with a telescope.(C) They are closely related to irregular galaxies.(D) They are not as bright as spiral galaxies.47. What percentage of galaxies are irregular?(A) 10%(B) 25%(C) 50%(D) 75%(A) intervals(B) yardsticks(C) distances(D) galaxies49. Why does the author mention the Virgo galaxy and the Andromeda galaxy in the thirdparagraph?(A) To describe the effect that distance has no visibility.(B) To compare the ages of two relatively young galaxies.(C) To emphasize the vast distances of the galaxies from Earth.(D) To explain why certain galaxies cannot be seen by a telescope.(A) threatened(B) replaced(C) were developing in(D) were prevalent in。

1995-2002学位英语真题

1995-2002学位英语真题

Non-English Major Graduate Student English Qualifying Test (GET)December, 1995PAPER ONEPART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION (15 MINUTES, 15 points)Section A ( 1 point each )Directions: In this section, you will hear nine short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The questions and the conversation will be spoken just once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answer and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. Then on your answer sheet, find the number of the question and mark the letter that corresponds to the letter of the answer you have chosen.1. A. He was on vacation. B. He was moving furniture.C. He was sick.D. He was working for a new company.2. A. He does not understand it. B. He does not like it.C. He is used to it.D. He does not have to take it.3. A. He is interested only in her ideas. B. He will not accept a late paper from her.C. He wants her to hand in her paper immediately.D. He will accept a late paper from her.4. A. In a kitchen. B. In a garden. C. At the pictures. D. In an office.5. A. Five B. Four. C. Seven. D. Six.6. A. She was experienced in riding a bicycle. B. She was riding very slowly at that moment.C. She was riding a new bike.D. Some passes-by help her.7. A. She can't see. B. Her ears was hurt. C. She can’t hear. D. Her eyes hurt.8. A. She feels that he won't accept anything. B. She thinks he has almost everything he wants.C. She's sure he already has a pocket calculator.D. She's afraid he wants more than she can afford.9. A. At the jewelry store. B. Down the hall. C. From other customers. D. From a machine Section B ( 1 point each )Directions: In this section: you will hear a longer conversation and short passage. At the end of each them, there will be some questions. All of them will be read to you only once. After each question, there will be a short pause. During the pause, you must choose the best answer from the four choices given by marking the corresponding letter on your answer sheet.Question 10 through 12 are base on the following conversation.10. A. Peter's research paper. B. Peter's composition. C.A library book. D. Peter's take-home exam.11. A. By studying in the library. B. He was absent that day. C. He did very well. D. He did very poorly.12. A. Talk to the professor. B. Quit working C. Get a better-paying job. D. Try to get a job on the campus. Question 13 through 15 are base on the following passage.13. A. The development of animals. B. The development of land animal.C. The origin of sea creatures.D. The origin of human beings14. A. Stand on their heads. B. Swim backward. C. Move on their fins. D. Swim upside down.15. A. The appearance of tile fish. B. The size and the color of fish.C. The way the fish swims.D. The way the Fish uses its fins.PART II VOCABULARY ( 10 MINUTES, 10 POINTS )Section A ( 0.5 point each )Direction: There are ten sentences in this section. Each sentence has one word or a set of words underlined. Below the sentence are four words or phrase that is closest in meaning to the underlined one. Mark the corresponding letter witha single bar across the square brackets on your Answer Sheet.16. Frank and Jauntier asked their science teacher to settle the dispute once and for all.A. temporarilyB. permanentlyC. cautiouslyD. decisively17.The police found it difficult to apprehend the criminal because of the incomplete details supplied by the witness.A. sketchyB. complicatedC. sternD. artistic18.In order to maintain physical well-being, a person should eat wholesome food and get sufficient exercise.A. freshB. staleC. well-cookedD. healthful19. Not afraid of being fired, John Smith continued to defy the boss.A. avoidB. admireC. opposeD. guide20. Many pure metals have little use because they are too soft, rust too easily, or have some other drawbacks.A. propertiesB. behaviorC. disadvantagesD. performances21. After a number of disagreements with the committee, the chairman decided to quit.A. resignB. dismissC. retireD. desert22. The experiment shows this cathode emits electrons in a controlled environment.A. submitsB. gives offC. rejectsD. passes by .23. To what place are you going to haul the furniture that you no longer need.A. sellB. putC. transportD. paint24. The zealous demonstrators were ignored by all the media of this country.A. passionateB. colorfulC. rudeD. clever25. In prehistoric times, eclipses of the moon and Sun were probably terrifying to people.A. meaningfulB. fascinatingC. frighteningD. helpfulSection B (0.5 point each)Directions: There are ten sentences in this section. Each sentence has something omitted. Choose the word or words from the four choices given to best complete each sentence.26. Lisa objected to wearing her championship pin; she didn't want to be considered ______.A. obscureB. vainC. dishonestD. humble27. The meeting ended when a police officer told club members that the building was on fire.A. affectedlyB. fatallyC. exhaustinglyD. abruptlyZ8.Marie fainted in the store and found herself in the hospital when she ______.A. came alongB. came backC. came toD. came out29.The boys knew they broken the rules and regulations, and they were______happy when they were called to the headmaster's office.A. nothing butB. all butC. anything butD. all too30. His parents gave him many expensive toys as some form of for his lameness and inability to lay active games.A. compensationB. remedyC. treatmentD. gratitude3l. The teacher was of his duty, and he was criticized for this.A. illegibleB. negligentC. illegalD. negligible32. What I am telling you is strictly______. Don't let anyone know of it.A. secretiveB. specialC. individualD. confidential33. The beautiful flowers in the vase through lack of water.A. decreasedB. sweatedC. witheredD. ripened34. She's always the way I do things, so I can hardly get along welt with her.A. making the best ofB. finding fault withC. coming up withD. having the advantage over35. The young lady speaks so softly that her voice is not really______.A. fragileB. audibleC. brittleD. decentPART III CLOZE TEST (I0 MINUTES, 15 POINTS)Directions : Read the passage through. Then go back and choose one item of the most suitable word (s) marked A,B,C or D for each blank in the passage. Mark the corresponding letter of the word(s) you have chosen with a single bar across the square rackets on your Answer Sheet.Parents have to do much less for their children today than they used to do, and home has become much less of a workshop. Clothes can be bought ready 36, washing can go to the laundry, food can be bought cooked, canned or37 ,bread is baked and delivered by the baker, milk 38 on the doorstep, meals can be had at the restaurant ,the works' canteen and the school dining-room.It is unusual now for father to 39 his trade or other employment at home, and his children rarely, 40, see him at his place of work. Boys are therefore seldom trained to 41 their father's occupation and in many towns they have a fair wide 42 of employment and so do girls. The young wage-earner often earns good money, and soon acquires a feeling of 43 independence. In textile areas it has 44 for mothers to go out to work, 45 this practice has become so widespread that the working mother is now a not unusual 46 in a child's home life the number of married women in employment having more than doubled in the last twenty-five years. With mother earning and his old children-draw 47 wages, father is seldom the 48 figure that he still was at the beginning of the Century. 49 mother work, economic advantages increase, but children lose something of 50 value if mother's employment prevent her from being home to greet them when they return from school.36. A. made B. shaped C. set D. fixed37. A. deserved B. preserved C. reserved D. conserved38. A. arrives B. reaches C. transports D. transfers39. A. persuade B. pursue C. purchase D. persecute40. A. if ever B. if not C. if any D. if only41. A. catch B. make C. get D. follow42. A. distribution B. opportunity C. fate D. choice43. A. economic B. economical C. personal D. living44. A. customary B. essential C. fundamental D. unnecessary45. A. or B. but C. so D. then46. A. focus B. favor C. factor D. fear47. A. inaccurate B. substantial C. inadequate D. standard48. A. negative B. modest C. superior D. dominant49. A. Even if B. Though C. Before D. When50. A. little B. small C. large D. greatPART IV READING COMPREHENSION (45 MINUTES, 30 POINTS)Directions: In this part of the test, there are five passages for you to read. Read each passage carefully, and then do the questions that follow. Choose the best answer A, B, C, or D, and mark the corresponding letter on your Answer Sheet.Passage OneWe use emotive language to express our own attitudes and feelings. We also direct emotive language at other people to persuade them to believe as we do or to do as we want them to do; and of course, other people direct emotive language at us to get us to believe or to do what they want.We are subjected to a constant stream of persuasion day in, day out, at home and in school, on the radio and on television. It comes from parents and teachers, from preachers and politicians, from editors and commentators, but, most of all, of course, from advertisers. Most of this persuasion is expressed in emotive language and is intended to appeal to our feelings rather than to be weighted up by our powers of reasoning.We should look at the motives behind all this persuasion. Why do they want to persuade us ? What do they want usto do ? We are not thinking very clearly unless we try to see through the veil of words and realize something of the speaker's purpose.An appeal to emotion is in itself neither good or bad. Our emotions on the highest levels and from the best of motives.A case in point is Churchill's wartime speeches: whatever people thought of Churchill as a politician, they were united behind him when he spoke as a national leader in those dark days their feelings responded to his call for resolution and unity.It is a characteristic of social groups that the members have a feeling of personal attachment to the group -- to the family in earliest childhood and extending later to the school, the team, the church, the nation, in patterns that vary from time to time. Hence a speaker from our group will find in us feelings to which he can readily and genuinely appeal, whether our reaction is favorable or not. We are at least open to the appeal and we appreciate the context in which it is made.51. The major functions of emotive language discussed in the passage are to______A. extend our powers of reasoning and carry out a purposeB. advertise and produce the wanted social effectsC. show one's Feelings and appeal to those of othersD. make others believe in us and respond to our feeling52. It is suggested in the third paragraph of this passage that we______A. should keep a cool head when subjected to persuasions of various kindsB. need to judge whether a persuasion is made for good or badC. have to carefully use our emotive languageD. should avoid being easily seen through by an appeal from others53. The source from which emotive language flows upon us in its greatest amount is______A. the mass mediaB. the educational institutionsC. the religious circlesD. the advertising business54. Churchill is mentioned in the passage as______A. an example of how people weighted up persuasion with reasoningB. a national leader who brought out people's best feelingsC. a positive example of appealing to people's emotionD. a politician who has been known as a good speaker55. What is NOT mentioned as relevant to our emotions in this passage ?A. SocialB. Personal experienceC. The personality of national leadersD. Religious belief56. It can be inferred from the passage that a persuasive speaker must______.A. find out what group his audience is attached toB. vary his speech patterns from time to timeC. know how to adapt his way of speaking to the needs of the audienceD. be aware whether the listeners are favorable to his opinion or notPassage TwoAs goods and services improved, people were persuaded to spend their money on changing from old to new, and found the change worth the expense. When an airline equipped itself with jets, for example, its costs (and therefore air fare) would go up, but the new planes meant such an improvement that the higher cost was justified. A new car (or wireless, washing machine, electric kettle) made life so much more comfortable than the old one that the high cost of replacement was fully repaid. Manufacturers still cry their wares as persuasively as ever, but are the improvements really worth paying for? In many field things have now reached such a high standard of performance that further progress is very limited and very, very expensive. Airlines, for example, go to enormous expense in buying the latest prestige jets, in which vast research costs we might lose the chance of cutting minutes away from flying times: but wouldn't it be better to see air fares drop dramatically, as capital costs become relatively insignificant? Again, in the context of a 70 m.p.h. limit, with platoons of cars traveling so densely as to control each other's speeds, improvementsin performance are virtually irrelevant; improvements in handling are unnecessary, as most production cars grip the road perfectly; and comfort has now reached a very high level indeed. Small improvements here are unlikely to be worth the thousands that anybody replacing an ordinary family car every two years may ultimately have spent on them. Let us instead have cars --- or wireless, electric kettles, washing machines, television sets-- which are made to last, and not to be replaced. Significant, progress is obviously a good thing; but the insignificant progression from model-change to model-change is not.57. The author obviously is challenging the social norm that______A. it is important to improve goods and servicesB. development of technology makes our life more comfortableC. it is reasonable that prices are going up all the timeD. slightly modified new products are worth buying58. According to this passage, air fares may rise because______.A. people tend to travel by new airplanesB. the airplane has been improvedC. the change is found to be reasonableD. the service on the airplane is better than before59. According to the author, passengers would be happier if they ______.A. could fly in the latest model of reputable planesB. could get tickets at much lower pricesC. see the airlines make vital changes in their servicesD. could spend less time flying in the air60. When manufacturers have improved the performance of their products to a certain level, then it would be _____.A. justified for them to cut the priceB. unnecessary for them to make any new changesC. difficult and costly to further better themD. insignificant for them to cut down the research costs61. In the case of cars, the author urges that we______A. cancel the speed limitB. further improve their performanceC. improve their durabilityD. change models every two years62 The author's criticism is probably based on the fact that______A. we have been persuaded to live an extravagant life todayB. many products we buy turn out to be substandard or inferiorC. inflation is becoming a big problem in the world todayD. people are wasting their money on trivial technological progressPassage ThreeRecent studies on the male-female wage gap predict that even though entry-level salaries for males and females in the same occupation are nearly equal because women's market skills have improved vastly, the chances of the overall gap closing in the foreseeable future are minimal. This is due to several factors that are likely to change very slowly, if at all. An important reason is that women are concentrated in occupation- service and clerical- that pay less than traditional male jobs .It is possible that more women than men in their twenties are hesitant to commit themselves to a year-round lifetime career or job for many reasons. There is lingering attitude on both the part of women and their employers that women are not cut out for certain jobs. Not only does this attitude channel women into lower-paying work, but it also serves to keep them from top management positions.Another significant factor in the widening wage gap between men and women after entering the work force, even in comparable jobs, is that women often drop out at critical points in their careers to have a family. Women still have the primary responsibility for child rearing; even if they continue to work, they often forgo overtime and promotions that would conflict with home responsibilities. The ages of 25 to 35 have been shown repeatedly to be the period when working consistently and hard is vital to advancement and job security. These are precisely the years when women are likely to have children and begin to slide away from men in earning power. Consequently, a woman's income is more likely to be seen as secondary to her husband's.63. According to recent studies on the male-female wage gap _____.A. there is much hope of narrowing the male-female wage gap in the near futureB. working women will have many opportunities to hold high-paying jobs in the near futureC. women's pay will still stay at a level below that of men in the near futureD. salaries for males and females in the same , occupation will be equal in the near future64. Women are kept from top management positions partly because they______A. decide to devote themselves to certain lifetime jobs in their twentiesB. are inclined to rank family second to workC. tend to have more quarrels with ,their employersD. still take an incorrect attitude towards themselves65.Which of the following is implied in the passage as a partial reason for women's concentration in certain occupations?A. Social division of laborB. Social prejudice against themC. Employment lawsD. Physiological weakness66. The word "forge" in Paragraph 2 could best be replaced by______A. give upB. drop outC. throw awayD. cut out67. It can be inferred from the second paragraph that______A. men's jobs are subject to changeB. women tend to be employed off and on at the same jobC. men's chances of promotion are minimalD. women used to be employed ail the year round68. Which of the following statements is NOT true?A. Women's market skills have improved greatly.B. child care is still chiefly women's work .C. Women are typically employed in clerical and service jobs.D. Domestic duties no longer conflict with women's jobs. Passage FourIt seems that the life of a television reporter is fantastically admired by many people. But this is only one side of the coin. First, he never goes deeply into any one subject-he may be expert at mastering a brief in a short time and "getting up" a subject, but a week later he is on to the next subject, and a week later still he is on to the subject after that. He seldom grasps with a full-scale investigation any one thing. He has to be able to forget what he was working on a few weeks before, otherwise his mind would become messed up.Second, a reporter does not have anything lasting to show for what he does-there is no shelf of books, no studio full of paintings. He pours his life into something which flickers in shadows across a screen and is gone forever. I have seen people in many television jobs turn at the end of watching one of their own programs and say something like: "Well,that's all those days / weeks / months of work. Travel and worry sunk without trace." As a way of life it comes to seem like blowing bubbles- entertaining to do, and the bubbles numerous and pretty to look at, and all different, but all disappearing into thin air.Third, the pace of the life is too fast. Not only is it destructive of one's private life; one does not even have time to give proper consideration to the things one is professionally concerned with not enough time to think, not enough time to read, not enough time to write one's commentary, prepare one's interviews and so on. When one disengages from it and allows one's perceptions, thinking, reading and the rest to proceed at their natural pace one gets an altogether unfamiliar sense of solidity and well--being.Fourth, the reporter is at the mercy of events. A revolution breaks out in Cuba so he is off here on the next plane. Somebody shoots President Reagan so he drops everything he is doing and flies to Washington. He is like a puppet pulled by strings -- the strings of the world's affairs. He is not motivated from within. He does not decide for himself what he would like to do , where he would like to go, what he would like to work on . He is activated from without, and his whole life becomes a kind of reflex action, a series of high-pressure responses to external stimuli. He has ceased to exist as an independent personality.69. A TV reporter never makes an in-depth study of a subject because______A. he usually gets one side of the pictureB. the subjects that he has to attend to often switch from one to anotherC. he does not know how to develop it to its full-scaleD. that is the life that suits him70. It is implied but not stated that many people______A. know nothing about the work of a TV reporterB. think the life of a TV reporter dull and boringC. have a biased opinion against the job of a TV reporterD. tend to underestimate the hard part of being a TV reporter71. TV reporting, according to this passage , is something______A. profitable for a person to take upB. interesting to do but quick to fade outC. causing a person to forget his previous workD. producing a lasting effect72. A TV reporter is in most need of______A. being a master of his timeB. proper consideration of his professionC. a comfortable life of his ownD. disengaging himself from work73. The activities of a TV reporter are largely geared to______A. his motivationB. his working styleC. current affairsD. reflex to pressure74. The title of this passage would best be given as______A. What a TV Reporter Can and Cannot AccomplishB. The Sorrows of TV ProfessionalsC. The Confession of a TV ReporterD. The Drawbacks in the Life of a TV Reporter Passage FiveThe urge to explore is innate in Man. Wherever his imagination wanders, Man seeks also to go. A large part of history is concerned with the exploration of the world in which we live. Time and again men have set out with amazing courage and resolution to probe into unknown regions and lands. They crossed the seas in flimsy boats, traversed continents, scaled mountains, fought their way through jungles and swamps, endure untold hardships -- all to explore, to see what had not yet been seen, to make known the unknown. Nor did Man confine his movements to the surface of land and sea. With kites balloons and aircraft he left the ground to range through the lower atmosphere. Now outer space receives his attention.The hard way to answer the question, why should Man bother about conquering space, is to attempt to list the specific practical benefits that will result. One knows, from past experience in other areas, that Man will surely see and discover new things in space, that will increase our store of scientific knowledge, and this new knowledge will find its way into valuable practical uses. What we learn about Man himself, from his experience in space, and from the effects of space and the space flight environment on him, will be invaluable. The new techniques developed to carry out the exploration of space, and to keep men alive in space, will inevitably find their way into valuable practical uses in everyday living. The areas that will benefit are manifold. They include communications, generation of power, transportation and travel, food production, conservation of resources, navigation, human comfort and welfare, biology and medicine, materials, fuels and many others. But to state specifically just what the practical outcomes will be is virtually impossible.75. Exploration of the unknown______A. often results in Man's power of imaginationB. is not common throughout human historyC. is generally sought after by men with courage and strengthD. is deeply rooted in the instinct of Man76. Which of the following best sketches the process of Man's probe into the unknown world?A. Surface of the earth, the air and spaceB. Waters, mountains and forestsC. Waters, mountains and forestsD. Urge, imagination and courage77. The benefits of space exploration are basically something______A. well-specifiedB. hypotheticalC. practicalD. inevitable78. According to this passage, the value of exploring the outer space will ultimately lie in______A. its testimony Man's courage and resolutionB. the knowledge it may help us to gain about our earthC. the results it may bring about in the interests of ManD. Man's mastery of techniques to fly and stay alive in space79. From this passage we can conclude that Man should have confidence in exploring space because______A. we have directed our attention to the right object of studyB. we have accumulated experience from previous success to other fields.C. we have found the correct answer to the question of why Man should bother about conquering spaceD. we have already made it possible for people to benefit from his endeavor80. The idea express in this passage can be use in an argument ______A. in favor of criticism on space exploration.B. against spacing million of money on space argument.C. supported of paralleling man’s conquest with of space .D. to justify space exploration with its for reaching significant in life.PAPER TWOPART V TRANSLATION (40 MINUTES, 20 POINTS )Section A (20 minutes, l0 points)Directions: Put the following passage into Chinese. Write your Chinese version on Answer Sheet II.Many stories in the history of science show that chance plays a definite part in scientific discovery. However, a further analysis of these stories also reveals that chance alone is not sufficient for findings of primary importance. Scientific discovery also depends on how a scientist utilizes accidental opportunities. To ensure success, a scientist must, first of all, be able to react in a positive manner to unexpected and even apparently adverse results, taking them as stimulation for further investigation. Secondly, he must possess a superior power of observation to recognize the significance of those phenomena which often seem trivial and, therefore, may easily escape notice. This power of observation consists in a dual quality of' being sensitive to, and curious about, small accidental occurrences and of possessing a frame of reference capable of suggesting the true significance of those phenomena. Finally, he should be equipped with the capacity to plan and undertake careful and systematic experimentation.Section B (20 minutes, 10 points)Directions: Put the following passage into English. Write your English version in the proper space on Answer Sheet II.为了解决人类在发展过程中出现的较为难以解决的问题,全球范围内最优秀的科学家,有必要开展有效的合作。

九十五学年度四技二专统一入学测验英文试题解答,英文试题解答,翻译与解析

九十五学年度四技二专统一入学测验英文试题解答,英文试题解答,翻译与解析

九十五學年度四技二專統一入學測驗英文試題解答英文試題解答、、翻譯與解析I.、字彙題字彙題::第1-10題,每題均有一個劃底線的字或片語每題均有一個劃底線的字或片語,,請在四個選項中請在四個選項中,,選擇一個與劃底線的字或片語意義最接近的答案一個與劃底線的字或片語意義最接近的答案。

第11-15題,請選擇一個最適當的答案的答案,,以完成該句以完成該句。

( C ) 1. After four attempts, Mike finally passed his driving test and started to drive happily to work right away.(A) obviously (B) apparently (C) immediately (D) eventually 經過四次嘗試以後,麥克終於考到駕照,立刻開心地開車去上班。

(A) 明顯地 (B) 顯然地 (C) 立即地 (D) 最後【解析】attempt 嘗試;企圖 driving test 汽車考照( D ) 2. The final exam was unexpectedly easy. The average score for the test was 90.(A) directly (B) heavily (C) quickly (D) surprisingly 期末考出乎意料地簡單。

平均測驗分數是90分。

(A) 直接地 (B) 很重地 (C) 很快地 (D) 令人驚訝地【解析】average 平均的 score 分數;成績( C ) 3. The latest evidence shows that second-hand smoke can not only lower children’s IQ butalso cause lung cancer.(A) factor (B) health (C) proof (D) success 最新證據顯示,二手煙不僅會降低兒童的智商,還會引發肺癌。

95年考研英语真题

95年考研英语真题

95年考研英语真题In recent years, more and more students have chosen to pursue postgraduate education to enhance their knowledge and skills. Among the various examinations they need to take, the English language test is a crucial component. As a result, analyzing and understanding past exam papers is essential for candidates to score well. In this article, we will delve into the 1995 postgraduate English language test and explore its significance for test-takers.The 1995 postgraduate English language test consisted of four sections: reading comprehension, cloze test, error correction, and translation. Each section tested different skills, ensuring a comprehensive evaluation of the candidates' English proficiency.Section One: Reading ComprehensionThis section assessed candidates' ability to understand and interpret written passages. It featured a variety of topics, such as social issues, science, and literature. It aimed to gauge not only the examinees' language comprehension but also their critical thinking and inference skills. Effective strategies for approaching reading comprehension included skimming the passage for general understanding, identifying keywords, and scanning for specific information.Section Two: Cloze TestThe cloze test measured candidates' grasp of English grammar and vocabulary. It involved filling in the blanks in a passage with the appropriate words or phrases. The gaps could represent missing nouns, verbs, adjectives,or prepositions. This section challenged the examinees' ability to deduce meaning from context and select the most suitable options based on their understanding of grammar rules and collocations.Section Three: Error CorrectionThe error correction section evaluated candidates' command of English grammar and syntax. It presented sentences with errors in spelling, punctuation, verb tense, subject-verb agreement, and word usage. Candidates were required to identify and rectify these errors by choosing the correct option from multiple choices provided. Attention to detail and a solid understanding of grammar rules were crucial to excel in this section.Section Four: TranslationTranslation was an essential skill in the 1995 postgraduate English language test. It consisted of two parts: Chinese to English and English to Chinese translation. Candidates were given sentences or short passages that needed to be accurately translated from one language to the other. This section aimed to measure their competency in both languages and their ability to convey meaning and cultural nuances effectively.Overall, the 1995 postgraduate English language test encompassed various aspects of English proficiency, including reading comprehension, grammar, vocabulary, and translation. It not only provided a comprehensive evaluation of the candidates' language skills but also challenged their critical thinking and analytical abilities.For test-takers preparing for the postgraduate English language test, it is crucial to familiarize themselves with past exam papers to gain insights intothe test format, assess their strengths and weaknesses, and practice accordingly. Additionally, utilizing effective strategies, such as time management and targeted revision, can significantly enhance their performance.In conclusion, the 1995 postgraduate English language test was a comprehensive examination that assessed candidates' skills in reading comprehension, grammar, vocabulary, and translation. By analyzing and understanding the test format and effectively preparing for each section, candidates can improve their performance and increase their chances of success in the examination.。

考研英语一真题71页(95年到05年)

考研英语一真题71页(95年到05年)

1995年英语试题Section ⅠUse of EnglishSleep is divided into periods of so-called REM sleep, characterized by rapid eye movements and dreaming, and longer periods of non-REM sleep. 1 kind of sleep is at all well-understood, but REM sleep is2 to serve some restorative function of the brain. The purpose of non-REM sleep is even more3 . The new experiments, such as these4 for the first time at a recent meeting of the Society for Sleep Research in Minneapolis, suggest fascinating explanations5 of non-REM sleep.For example, it has long been known that total sleep 6 is 100 percent fatal to rats, yet, 7 examinations of the dead bodies, the animals look completely normal. A researcher has now8 the mystery of why the animals die. The rats 9 bacterial infections of the blood, 10 their immune systems—the self-protecting mechanisrn against disease—had crashed.1. [A] Either [B] Neither [C] Each [D] Any2. [A] intended [B] required [C] assumed [D] inferred3. [A] subtle [B] obvious [C] mysterious [D] doubtful4. [A] maintained [B] described [C] settled [D] afforded5. [A] in the light [B] by virtue [C] with the exception [D] for the purpose6. [A] reduction [B] destruction [C] deprivation [D] restriction7. [A] upon [B] by [C] through [D] with8. [A] paid attention to [B] caught sight of [C] laid emphasis on [D]cast light on9. [A] develop [B] produce [C] stimulate [D] induce10. [A] if [B] as if [C] only if [D] if onlySection ⅡReading ComprehensionPassage lMoney spent on advertising is money spent as well as any I know of. It serves directly to assist a rapid distribution of goods at reasonable price, thereby establishing a firm home market and so making it possible to provide for export at competitive prices. By drawing attention to new ideas it helps enormouslyto raise standards of living. By helping to increase demand it ensures an increased need for labor, and is therefore an effective way to fight unemployment. It lowers the costs of many services: without advertisements your daily newspaper would cost four times as much, the price of your television licence would need to be doubled, and travel by bus or tube would cost 20 per cent more.And perhaps most important of all, advertising provides a guarantee of reasonable value in the productsand services you buy. Apart from the fact that twenty-seven Acts of Parliament govern the terms of advertising, no regular advertiser dare promote a product that fails to live up to the promise of his advertisements. He might fool some people for a little while through misleading advertising. He will not doso for long, for mercifully the public has the good sense not to buy the inferior article more than once. Ifyou see an article consistently advertised, it is the surest proof I know that the article does what is claimedfor it, and that it represents good value.Advertising does more for the material benefit of the community than any other force I can think of.There is one more point I feel I ought to touch on. Recently I heard a well-known television personality declare that he was against advertising because it persuades rather than informs. He was drawing excessively fine distinctions. Of course advertising seeks to persuade.If its message were confined merely to information—and that in itself would be difficult if not impossibleto achieve, for even a detail such as the choice of the colour of a shirt is subtly persuasive—advertising would be so boring that no one would pay any attention. But perhaps that is what the well-known television personality wants.11. By the first sentence of the passage the author means that____.[A] he is fairly familiar with the cost of advertising[B] everybody knows well that advertising is money consuming[C] advertising costs money like everything else[D] it is worthwhile to spend money on advertising12. In the passage, which of the following is NOT included in the advantages of advertising?[A] Securing greater fame. [B] Providing more jobs.[C] Enhancing living standards. [D] Reducing newspaper cost.13. The author deems that the well-known TV personality is____.[A] very precise in passing his judgment on advertising[B] interested in nothing but the buyers' attention[C] correct in telling the difference between persuasion and information[D] obviously partial in his views on advertising14. In the author's opinion,____.[A] advertising can seldom bring material benefit to man by providing information[B] advertising informs people of new ideas rather than wins them over[C] there is nothing wrong with advertising in persuading the buyer[D] the buyer is not interested in getting information from an advertisementPassage 2There are two basic ways to see growth: one as a product, the other as a process. People have generally viewed personal growth as an external result or product that can easily be identified and measured. The worker who gets a promotion, the student whose grades improve, the foreigner who learns a new language—all these are examples of people who have measurable results to show for their efforts.By contrast, the process of personal growth is much more difficult to determine, since by definition it is a journey and not the specific signposts or landmarks along the way. The process is not the road itself, but rather the attitudes and feelings people have, their caution or courage, as they encounter new experiences and unexpected obstacles. In this process, the journey never really ends; there are always new ways to experience the world, new ideas to try, new challenges to accept.In order to grow, to travel new roads, people need to have a willingness to take risks, to confront theves as we try a new unknown, and to accept the possibility that they may “fail” at first. How we see oursel way of being is essential to our ability to grow. Do we perceive ourselves as quick and curious? If so, thenwe tend to take more chances and to be more open to unfamiliar experiences. Do we think we're shy and indecisive? Then our sense of timidity can cause us to hesitate, to move slowly, and not to take a step until we know the ground is safe. Do we think we?re slow to adapt to change or that we?re not smart enough to cope with a new challenge? Then we are likely to take a more passive role or not try at all.These feelings of insecurity and self-doubt are both unavoidable and necessary if we are to change and grow. If we do not confront and overcome these internal fears and doubts, if we protect ourselves too much, then we cease to grow. We become trapped inside a shell of our own making.15 . A person is generally believed to achieve personal growth when_____.[A] he has given up his smoking habit[B] he has made great efforts in his work[C] he is keen on learning anything new[D] he has tried to determine where he is on his journey16. In the author?s eyes, one who views personal growth as a process would____.[A] succeed in climbing up the social ladder[B] judge his ability to grow from his own achievements[C] face difficulties and take up challenges[D] aim high and reach his goal each time17. When the author says "a new way of being" (line 3, Para. 3) he is referring to____.[A] a new approach to experiencing the world[B] a new way of taking risks[C] a new method of perceiving ourselves[D] a new system of adaptation to change18. For personal growth, the author advocates all of the following except____.[A] curiosity about more chances[B] promptness in self-adaptation[C] open-mindedness to new experiences[D] avoidance of internal fears and doubtsPassage3In such a changing, complex society formerly simple solutions to informational needs become complicated.Many of life?s problems which were solved by asking family members, friends or colleagues are beyondthe capability of the extended family to resolve. Where to turn for expert information and how to determinewhich expert advice to accept are questions facing many people today.In addition to this, there is the growing mobility of people since World War Ⅱ. As families move awayfrom their stable community, their friends of many years, their extended family relationships, the informalflow of information is cut off, and with it the confidence that information will be available when neededand will be trustworthy and reliable. The almost unconscious flow of information about the simplest aspects of living can be cut off. Thus, things once learned subconsciously through the casual communications of the extended family must be consciously learned.Adding to societal changes today is an enormous stockpile of information. The individual now has moreinformation available than any generation, and the task of finding that one piece of information relevant tohis or her specific problem is complicated, time-consuming and sometimes even overwhelming .Coupled with the growing quantity of information is the development of technologies which enable the storage and delivery of more information with greater speed to more locations than has ever been possiblebefore. Computer technology makes it possible to store vast amounts of data in machine-readable files, andto program computers to locate specific information. Telecommunications developments enable the sending of messages via television, radio, and very shortly, electronic mail to bombard people with multitudes of messages. Satellites have extended the power of communications to report events at the instant of occurrence. Expertise can be shared world wide through teleconferencing, and problems in dispute can be settled without the participants leaving their homes and/or jobs to travel to a distant conference site. Technology has facilitated the sharing of information and the storage and delivery of information, thus making more information available to more people.In this world of change and complexity, the need for information is of greatest importance. Those peoplewho have accurate, reliable up-to-date information to solve the day-to-day problems, the critical problemsof their business, social and family life, will survive and s ucceed. “Knowledge is power” may well be thetruest saying and access to information may be the most critical requirement of all people.19. The word "it" (line 3, Para. 2) most probably refers to____.[A] the lack of stable communities[B] the breakdown of informal information channels[C] the increased mobility of families[D] the growing number of people moving from place to place20. The main problem people may encounter today arises form the fact that____.[A] they have to learn new things consciously[B] they lack the confidence of securing reliable and trustworthy information[C] they have difficulty obtaining the needed information readily[D] they can hardly carry out casual communications with an extended family.21 . From the passage we can infer that____.[A] electronic mail will soon play a dominant role in transmitting messages[B] it will become more difficult for people to keep secrets in an information era[C] people will spend less time holding meetings or conferences[D] events will be reported on the spot mainly through satellites22. We can learn from the last paragraph that ____.[A] it is necessary to obtain as much[B] people should make the best use of the information[C] we should realize the importance of accumulating information .[D] it is of vital importance to acquire needed information efficientlyPassage 4Personality is to a large extent inherent—A-type parents usually bring about A-type offspring. But theenvironment must also have a profound effect, since if competition is important to the parents; it is likelyto become a major factor in the lives of their children.One place where children soak up A-characteristics is school, which is, by its very nature, a highlycompetitive institution. Too many schools adopt the 'win at all costs' moral standard and measure theirsuccess by sporting achievements. The current passion for making children compete against theirclassmates or against the clock produces a two-layer system , in which competitive A types seem in someway better than their B-type fellows. Being too keen to win can have dangerous consequences: rememberthat Pheidippides, the first marathon runner, dropped dead seconds after saying: “Rejoice, we c By far the worst form of competition in schools is the disproportionate emphasis on examinations. It is arare school that allows pupils to concentrate on those things they do well. The merits of competition byexamination are somewhat questionable, but competition in the certain knowledge of failure is positivelyharmful.Obviously, it is neither practical nor desirable that all A youngsters change into B?s. The world needs types,and schools have an important duty to try to fit a child?s personality to his possible future employment. It istop management.If the preoccupation of schools with academic work was lessened, more time might be spent teachingchildren surer values. Perhaps selection for the caring professions, especially medicine, could be made lessby good grades in chemistry and more by such considerations as sensitivity and sympathy. It is surely amistake to choose our doctors exclusively from A type stock. B?s are important and should be encouraged.23. According to the passage, A-type individuals are usually____.[A] impatient [B] considerate [C] aggressive [D] agreeable24. The author is strongly opposed to the practice of examinations at schools because____.[A] the pressure is too great on the students [B] some students are bound to fail[C] failure rates are too high [D] the results of exanimations are doubtful25. The selection of medical professionals are currently based on____.[A] candidates? sensitivity [B] academic achievements[C] competitive spirit [D] surer values26. From the passage we can draw the conclusion that____.[A] the personality of a child is well established at birth[B] family influence dominates the shaping of one' s characteristics .[C] the development of one' s personality is due to multiple factors[D] B-type characteristics can find no place in competitive societyPassage 5That experiences influence subsequent behaviour is evidence of an obvious but nevertheless remarkable activity called remembering. Learning could not occur without the function popularly named memory. Constant practice has such as effect on memory as to lead to skillful performance on the piano, to recitation of a poem, and even to reading and understanding these words. So-called intelligent behaviour ability to solve any problem or even to recognize that a problem exists depends on memory. Typically, the decisionto cross a street is based on remembering many earlier experiences.Practice (or review) tends to build and maintain memory for a task or for any learned material. Over a period of no practice what has been learned tends to be forgotten; and the adaptive consequences may not seem obvious. Yet, dramatic instances of sudden forgetting can seem to be adaptive. In this sense, the ability to forget can be interpreted to have survived through a process of natural selection in animals. Indeed, when one?s memory of an emotionally painful experience leads to serious anxiety, forgetting may produce relief. Nevertheless, an evolutionary interpretation might make it difficult to understand how the commonly gradual process of forgetting survived natural selection.In thinking about the evolution of memory together with all its possible aspects, it is helpful to considerwhat would happen if memories failed to fade. Forgetting clearly aids orientation in time, since old memories weaken and the new tend to stand out, providing clues for inferring duration. Without forgetting, adaptive ability would suffer; for example, learned behaviour that might have been correct a decade agomay no longer be. Cases are recorded of people who (by ordinary standards) forgot so little that their everyday activities were full of confusion. This forgetting seems to serve that survival of the individual andthe species.Another line of thought assumes a memory storage system of limited capacity that provides adaptive flexibility specifically through forgetting. In this view, continual adjustments are made between learning or memory storage (input) and forgetting (output). Indeed, there is evidence that the rate at which individuals forget is directly related to how much they have learned. Such data offers gross support of contemporary models of memory that assume an input-output balance.27. From the evolutionary point of view, ____.[A] forgetting for lack of practice tends to be obviously inadaptive.[B] if a person gets very forgetful all of a sudden he must be very adaptive[C] the gradual process of forgetting is an indication of an individual' s adaptability[D] sudden forgetting may bring about adaptive consequences28. According to the passage, if a person never forgot ____.[A] he would survive best[B] he would have a lot of trouble[C] his ability to learn would be enhanced[D] the evolution of memory would stop29. From the last paragraph we know that____.[A] forgetfulness is a response to learning[B] the memory storage system is an exactly balanced input-output system[C] memory is a compensation for forgetting[D] the capacity of a memory storage system is limited because forgetting occurs30. In this article, the author tries to interpret the function of____.[A] remembering [B] forgetting [C] adapting [D] experiencingPart Ⅲ English-Chinese TranslationThe standardized educational or psychological test that are widely used to aid in selecting, classifying, assigning, or promoting students, employees, and military personnel have been the target of recent attacksin books, magazines, the daily press, and even in congress. (31) The target is wrong, for in attacking the tests, critics divert attention form the fault that lies with ill-informed or incompetent users. The tests themselves are merely tools, with characteristics that can be measured with reasonable precision under specified conditions. Whether the results will be valuable, meaningless, or even misleading depends partly upon the tool itself but largely upon the user.All informed predictions of future performance are based upon some knowledge of relevant past performance: school grades, research productivity, sales records, or whatever is appropriate. (32 )How well the predictions will be validated by later performance depends upon the amount , reliability , and appropriateness of the information used and on the skill and wisdom with which it is interpreted. Anyonewho keeps careful score knows that the information available is always incomplete and that the predictions are always subject to error.Standardized tests should be considered in this context. They provide a quick, objective method of getting some kinds of information about what a person learned, the skills he has developed, or the kind of personhe is. The information so obtained has, qualitatively, the same advantages and shortcomings as other kindsof information. (33) Whether to use tests. other kinds of information, or both in a particular situation depends, therefore, upon the evidence from experience concerning comparative validity and upon such factors as cost and availability.(34) In general, the tests work most effectively when the qualities to be measured can be most precisely defined and least effectively when what is to be measured or predicted cannot be well defined. Properly used, they provide a rapid means of getting comparable information about many people. Sometimes they identify students whose high potential has not been previously recognized, but there are many things theydo not do. (35) For example, they do not compensate for gross social inequality, and thus do not tell howable an underprivileged youngster might have been had he grown up under more favorable circumstances.31. ____32. ____33. ____34. ____1996年年全真试题Part ⅠCloze TestVitamins are organic compounds necessary in small amounts in the diet for the normal growth and maintenance of life of animals, including man.They do not provide energy, 1 do they construct or build any part of the body. They are needed for 2 foods into energy and body maintenance. There are thirteen or more of them, and if 3 is missing a deficiency disease becomes 4 .Vitamins are similar because they are made of the same elements—usually carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and 5 nitrogen. They are different 6 their elements are arranged differently, and each vitamin7 one or more specific functions in the body.8 enough vitamins is essential to life, although the body has no nutritional use for 9 vitamins. Many people, 10 , believe in being on the “safe side”and thus take extra vitamins. However, a well balanced diet will usually meet all the body’s vitamin needs.1.[A]either [B]so [C]nor [D]never2.[A]shifting [B]transferring [C]altering [D]transforming3.[A]any [B]some [C]anything [D]something4.[A]serious [B]apparent [C]severe [D]fatal5.[A]mostly [B]partially [C]sometimes [D]rarely6.[A]in that [B]so that [C]such that [D]except that7.[A]undertakes [B]holds [C]plays [D]performs8.[A]Supplying [B]Getting [C]Providing [D]Furnishing9.[A]exceptional [B]exceeding [C]excess [D]external10.[A]nevertheless [B]therefore [C]moreover [D]meanwhilePart ⅡReading ComprehensionPassage 1Tight lipped elders used to say, “It’s not what you want in this world, but what you get.”Psychology teaches that you do get what you want if you know what you want and want the right things.You can make a mental blueprint of a desire as you would make a blueprint of a house, and each of us is continually making these blueprints in the general routine of everyday living. If we intend to have friends to dinner, we plan the menu, make a shopping list, decide which food to cook first, and such planning is an essential for any type of meal to be served.Likewise, if you want to find a job, take a sheet of paper, and write a brief account of yourself. Inmaking a blueprint for a job, begin with yourself, for when you know exactly what you have to offer, youcan intelligently plan where to sell your services.This account of yourself is actually a sketch of your working life and should include education, experience and references. Such an account is valuable. It can be referred to in filling out standard application blanks and is extremely helpful in personal interviews. While talking to you, your could be employer is deciding whether your education, your experience, and other qualifications will pay him toand abilities must be displayed in an orderly and reasonably connected employ you and your “wares” manner.When you have carefully prepared a blueprint of your abilities and desires, you have somethingtangible to sell. Then you are ready to hunt for a job. Get all the possible information about your could bejob. Make inquiries as to the details regarding the job and the firm. Keep your eyes and ears open, and useyour own judgment. Spend a certain amount of time each day seeking the employment you wish for, andkeep in mind: Securing a job is your job now.11. What do the elders mean when they say, “It?s not what you want in this world, but what you get.[A]You?ll certainly get what you want.[B]It?s no use dreaming.[C]You should be dissatisfied with what you have.[D]It?s essential to set a goal for yourself.12. A blueprint made before inviting a friend to dinner is used in this passage as .[A]an illustration of how to write an application for a job[B]an indication of how to secure a good job[C] a guideline for job description[D] a principle for job evaluation13. According to the passage, one must write an account of himself before starting to find a jobbecause .[A]that is the first step to please the employer[B]that is the requirement of the employer[C]it enables him to know when to sell his services[D]it forces him to become clearly aware of himself14. When you have carefully prepared a blueprint of your abilities and desires, you havesomething .[A]definite to offer [B]imaginary to provide[C]practical to supply [D]desirable to presentPassage 2With the start of BBC World Service Television, millions of viewers in Asia and America can nowwatch the Corporation?s news coverage, as well as listen to it.And of course in Britain listeners and viewers can tune in to two BBC television channels, five BBCnational radio services and dozens of local radio stations. They are brought sport, comedy, drama, music,news and current affairs, education, religion, parliamentary coverage, children’s programmes and films foran annual licence fee of £83 per household.It is a remarkable record, stretching back over 70 years —yet the BBC’s future is now in doubt. TheCorporation will survive as a publicly funded broadcasting organization, at least for the time being, butits role, its size and its programmes are now the subject of a nation wide debate in Britain.The debate was launched by the Government, which invited anyone with an opinion of the BBC —including ordinary listeners and viewers — to say what was good or bad about the Corporation, and evenwhether they thought it was worth keeping. The reason for its inquiry is that the BBC?s royal charter runsout in 1996 and it must decide whether to keep the organization as it is, or to make changes.Defenders of the Corporation — of whom there are many — are fond of quoting the American slogan“If it ain?t broke, don?t fix it.” The BBC “ain?t broke”, they say, by which they mean it is not broken distinct from the word ,broke?, meaning having no money), so why bother to change it?Yet the BBC will have to change, because the broadcasting world around it is changing. Thecommercial TV channels ——ITV and Channel 4 ——were required by the Thatcher Government?sBroadcasting Act to become more commercial, competing with each other for advertisers, and cutting costsand jobs. But it is the arrival of new satellite channels —funded partly by advertising and partly bywhich will bring about the biggest changes in the long term.viewers?subscriptions —15. The world famous BBC now faces .[A]the problem of news coverage [B]an uncertain prospect[C]inquiries by the general public [D]shrinkage of audience16. In the passage, which of the following about the BBC is not mentioned as the key issue?[A]Extension of its TV service to Far East.[B]Programmes as the subject of a nation-wide debate.[C]Potentials for further international co-operations.[D]Its existence as a broadcasting organization..17. The BBC?s “royal charter” (Line 4, Paragraph 4) stands for[A]the financial support from the royal family.[B]the privileges granted by the Queen.[C] a contract with the Queen.[D] a unique relationship with the royal family.18. The foremost reason why the BBC has to readjust itself is no other than .[A]the emergence of commercial TV channels.[B]the enforcement of Broadcasting Act by the government.[C]the urgent necessity to reduce costs and jobs.[D]the challenge of new satellite channels.Passage 3In the last half of the nineteenth cen tury “capital” and “labour” were enlarging and perfecting their rival organizations on modern lines. Many an old firm was replaced by a limited liability company with abureaucracy of salaried managers. The change met the technical requirements of the new age by engaging alarge professional element and prevented the decline in efficiency that so commonly spoiled the fortunes offamily firms in the second and third generation after the energetic founders. It was moreover a step awayfrom individual initiative, towards collectivism and municipal and state-owned business. The railway companies, though still private business managed for the benefit of shareholders, were very unlike oldfamily business. At the same time the great municipalities went into business to supply lighting, trams andother services to the taxpayers.The growth of the limited liability company and municipal business had important consequences.Such large, impersonal manipulation of capital and industry greatly increased the numbers and importanceof shareholders as a class, an element in national life representing irresponsible wealth detached from theland and the duties of the landowners; and almost equally detached from the responsible management ofbusiness. All through the nineteenth century, America, Africa, India, Australia and parts of Europe werebeing developed by British capital, and British shareholders were thus enriched by the world?s movementtowards industrialization. Towns like Bournemouth and Eastbourne sprang up to house large “comfortable” classes who had retired on their incomes, and who had no relation to the rest of the community except thatof drawing dividends and occasionally attending a shareholders? meeting to dictate their orders to the management. On the other hand “shareholding” meant leisure and freedom which was used by many of the later Victorians for the highest purpose of a great civilization.as such had no knowledge of the lives, thoughts or needs of the workmen The “shareholders” employed by the company in which he held shares, and his influence on the relations of capital and laborwas not good. The paid manager acting for the company was in more direct relation with the men and their。

  1. 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性,平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
  2. 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
  3. 3、如文档侵犯您的权益,请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间:9:00-18:30)。

1995 翻译真题The most important task today is to develop the national economy and improve the people’s living standard. In order to realize the goal, we must reform the old economic system so that we can further liberate the productive force. We should open our door to the world so that we can learn advanced science and technology from other country. As long as we adhere to the reform and open policy, we can certainly build our motherland into a powerful socialist country.1996 翻译真题在过去的几十年里,可能没有任何其他话题比领导艺术更受到管理研究者的关注。

在管理人员的培训和开发方面,领导艺术也是热门的话题之一。

这表明专业管理人员对探索卓有成效的领导艺术的奥秘感兴趣。

Probably no other single topic has gainedmore attention from management researchers in the last several decades than leadership. The subject also persists, year in year out, as one of the hottest topics in management training and development, indicating that practicing managers are still interested in discovering the secrets to effective leadership.1997 翻译真题亚裔美国人对美国作出了杰出的贡献。

这些贡献包括诸如自然科学、医学、法律、文学、艺术等各个领域。

由于亚裔移民的祖籍国家具有丰富多彩的传统,他们大大促进了美国文化的发展,提高了全美国人民的生活水平。

Americans who have come from Asia(Or: Asian-born Americans) have made notable contributions to the United States in a wide range of field, including natural science, medicine, law, literature, arts and so on. Through the rich and varied traditions oftheir homelands, they have greatly enhanced America’s culture and living standard of Americans.1998 翻译真题环境科学家们说,如果要使地球继续供养人类生存,保护野生动物是极为重要的。

这些专家说,我们必须明白在我们这个环境供养系统中我们自己与野生动物之间的重要联系。

他们指出,没有人有把握知道这些动物中的哪一种将来可能对我们有用。

Environmentalists say that the protection of wide animals is of vital importance if the earth is to supply the human being. These experts say that we must understand the fundamental relation between ourselves and wild animals and plants in our environmental supplying system. They point out that no one is sure to know which kind of animals is likely to be useful to us in the future.1999 翻译真题别人抽烟,你吸入,确实会对你的肺有危害。

据美国肺协估计,每年约有3000名死于肺癌的人是被动吸烟者。

有一项调查发现,不吸烟的妇女,如果在吸烟的家庭环境中生活40年或更长的时间,那么就有加倍患肺癌的危险。

It surely does harm to your lungs if other people smoke and you breathe it in. According to the anticipation of American Lung Association, each year about 3000 people who die from lung cancer are passive smokers. An investigation indicates that non-smoking women living in a smoking family environment for 40 years or still longer will have double risk of developing lung cancer.2000 翻译真题文化是不同国家的人们互相理解的最佳媒体。

通过举办文化节,许多中国城市在世界上的知名度提高了。

已经证明,对促进中国人民和世界其他地方人民之间的交流来说,这是最好的途径之一。

这种交流不仅仅限于文化方面,还扩大到了经济和其他领域。

Culture is the best medium for different people of different countries to understand each other. Through holding cultural festival, many cities in china have become better known to the world. It has been proved that this is one of the best ways to promote the exchange between the people of China and other parts of the world. The exchange was not been confined to culture but extended to the economic and other fields.2001 翻译真题过去50年其实并不是发明创造的黄金时期。

从1900年到1950年,改变人类生活的发明有汽车、飞机、电话、收音机、电视机---当然还有核武器和计算机。

而近50年来,只有为数不多的发明。

难道发明的源泉已经枯竭了吗?答案并非如此。

事实上,发明的新时代刚刚开始。

Actuarially the past 50 years may not have been the golden age of invention and innovation. From 1900 to 1950, human life was transformed by such inventions as cars, aeroplanes, telephones, radios and television sets, not to mention(let alone) nuclear weapons and computer of course. In the recent 50 years since only a few inventions have been made. Was the well-spring of invention drying up? Not likely. Indeed, a new age of invention is just beginning.2002 翻译真题在过去20年中,世界上没有任何一个国家的外贸发展速度像中国那么快。

日本用了20多年时间才将其外贸总额翻了一番,而中国却翻了两番。

中国现在已是全球第三大电器生产国,并且正在成为全球电器市场上的主角。

中国还是世界上劳动密集型(labor-intensive)产品的主要生产国。

8分档译文:In the past 20 years, China’s increasing speed in foreign commerce is faster than any other countries in the world. It took Japan 20 years to increase its foreign commerce to two times, while at the same time, China have increased its foreign commerce by three times. Now China ranks third in the global producers of electronic facilities and is playing a critical role in the global electronic facilities market. China is also a main producer of labor-intensive products in the world.2分档译文In the past 20 years, there is no any countries like China that the trade for foreign speed up so high. Japan have made improve on time as the total of foreign trade, and it taken 20 years, but China’s double. China already became No.3 electronicproducts around the world, and it was playing a important role in the electronic global market. China is yet a great products country of labor-intensive in the world.Jiangsu 学位真题2002中国面临的另一个长期任务是缩小沿海地区与中西部地区的经济差距.尽管政府制定了地区发展战略以减轻日趋严重的经济不平等现象,需要正视的关键性的协调问题还应包括地区之间的合作、资源从较富裕转向较贫穷省份的重新分配。

相关文档
最新文档