2009年高考英语第二轮热点专题复习——短文改错

2009年高考英语第二轮热点专题复习——短文改错英语科考试说明指出，短文改错（高考分值10分）宗旨在考查考生在语篇中综合运用英语的准确性，通过阅读测试考生发现、判断、纠正错误的能力，来考查他们在句法、语法、惯用法及逻辑推理等方面的综合运用能力。

一．短文改错题的设计规则及特点要求改错的短文，题材各异，但多为记叙文、应用文和说明文等。

内容相当广泛。

每篇短文字数约100个单词左右，分10行，每行(不一定是一个完整的句子)都标有序号，每行为一题，分别出现四种情况：1。

全行正确无误。

2。

该行有一个用错的词。

3。

该行有一个多余的词。

4。

该行缺漏了一个词。

要求考生根据短文的内容及其各行的语言形式，语法要求和逻辑意义等具体情况，逐步做出判断，找出并改正可能存在的错误。

具体做法如下：1．该行正确无误，在该行右边的横线上划上一个勾（∨）；2。

该行缺漏一个词，那么在缺词处加一漏字符号∧，并在该行右边的横线上写出所缺漏的词。

3。

该行多一个词，把多余的词用斜线（＼）划掉，在该行右边横线上写出该词，并也用斜线划掉。

4。

该行错一个词，在错词下面划一横线，并在该行右边横线上写出改正后的词。

二．短文改错解题方法及技巧1．通读全文，了解大意，慎重做题初读时应注意观察，先一个意群一个意群的找出一些显而易见的错误，以免一些不必要的麻烦，这样还节省时间。

在了解大意的基础上，判断出短文所使用的时态、语态、短文整体的逻辑性及所处的语境。

然后，从整体篇章结构、内容意思和逻辑上正确选词。

因为语篇是判断正误和改正错误的依据。

因此，通读全文，初步判断有无错误，切忌拿起题就盲目的改错，不能只见树木不见树林。

2．认真复读，确定答案根据上下文之间的内在联系和语言的逻辑关系，要把做好的答案进行复读，从固定搭配、习惯用语、词的用法、语法规则、语言表达习惯和逻辑推理上考虑，进行最后确定，使之达到语句通顺流畅，上下文连惯，词语搭配正确等。

否则在进行修改。

切忌草率做题。

3．注意答题规则，降低错误率答题时不要忽视答题要求，改正后的答案书写须与题目要求一致。

从NMET1997-----2003年的高考短文改错题来看（仅NEMT2002年的高考短文改错：缺词或多词的每一项均为2行，对的为1行，有错误的为5行），10行中，正确的仅一行，多词的为2行，缺词的为1行，有错误的均为6行。

这样如果你的答案缺少这四类的某一类，或某一类的比例过大，这就说明不正常了，需要再检查，以降低错误率，使你能得到更高的成绩。

就2003年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语试题的短文改错题为例：When I first learned to write in English, I ran into many 76._______difficulties. The main problem was in that I always thought 77._______in Chinese and tried to translate anything into English .. 78.________My teacher advised me to keep my diary. I followed her 79._________advice and should put down 100 words or so each day . 80.________Soon I began to enjoy talk to myself on paper as I was 81.________learning to express me in simple English. One day I wrote 82.________a little story and showed to my teacher . She liked it 83.________very much and reads it to the class. All said the story was 84.________a good one. Their word were a great encouragement to me. 85.________参考答案：76. 正确. 77. 去掉in 78. 把 anything 改为 everything 79. 把 my改为 a 80．去掉 should 81. talk改为 talking 82. me改为 myself 83. 缺个it84. reads改为 read 85. word改为 words解析：1. 一行正确2. 多余的词为两行.3. 缺漏词的为一行.4. 有错误的为六行.真题训练：2008年全国各省、市高考试题（短文改错试题）1．2008年（全国卷II）If I have the honor to be chose to work for the 76. ___________29th Olympic Games, I will at first improve my 77.___________ English so that I can talk easily about foreign visitor. 78. ___________ Second, I will learn more about history of the 79. __________ Olympics as good as the 2008 Olympic Games. Third, 80. __________ since I was familiar with Beijing, I can help visitors find 81. __________ their ways in the city. Finally, I should be able to tell 82. __________ visitors about our history and culture and show 83. _________ them their great achievements. In short, I will do 84._________ my best to help making the Games a success. 85. _________ 2．2008年（全国卷I）Dear Alice,I have just got some good mews to tell to you. 76. ______I win a national prize for painting last week. 77. ______My father was so pleasing that he suggested 78. ______I go to England for a holiday. I’d like to staying 79. ______There for half a month, visiting place of interest 80. ______Or practicing my English as well. We’ve been 81. ______Writing to each for nearly a year now. I have 82. ______often dreamed of talk face to with you. 83. ______I imagine you’ll be at vacation yourself by that 84. ______Time. Perhaps we could go out to do some 85. ______ sightseeing together.Best,Lily3．2008年（辽宁卷）It is five years now since I graduate from No.3 High 76.School. Last Saturday, the class that I was on held a 77.get-together, which took us a long time ∧prepare. It 78.was indeed not easy to get in the touch with everybody 79.and set a well time for all of us. We all enjoyed 80.this precious day greatly, remember the time we spent 81. _____together and the people they were familiar with. It was 82.a pity which some of us were not present as they had 83.gone abroad for further studies, but they called back 84.or sent greeting card from different places. 85.4．2008年（陕西卷）John Brown is London taxi driver who love going to the 76. _____ Theatre .Last week his mother gave him two tickets for a play. 77. _____ The tickets were on Sunday evening. Then John read some 78. _____ Reviews of the play, which all said it was a terribly one! He 79. _____ Wouldn’t go to see a play that no one liked it, So two hours 80. _____ Before the play started, he left the ticket on the back seat of 81. _____ His taxi, Perhaps someone who wanted ∧see the play would take 82. _____ Them. However, while John went back home, the tickets were 83. _____ Still there. In the fact ,there were four tickets on the seat. 84. _____ Someone has placed another pair of tickets on top of them! 85. _____5．2008年（天津卷）Last summer I go to America and studied at a language 56. _____ school. I had many wonderful experience, but I also 57. _____ had a sad one. One day, the school held∧party, where 58. _____ I ∧invited to talk about Tianjin. After that they asked me a lot of 59. _____ things about China. But I couldn’t explain them with English 60. _____ clearly. I felt sadly. I learnt a lesson from this experience. I 61. _____ have already studied English for eight years, ∧I can’t use it 62. _____ very good. I must work hard to improve my spoken English 63. _____ so that I will not be able to communicate freely with foreigners. 64. _____ I hope I can be a bridge between China and others countries 65. _____ in the future.6．2008年（四川卷）As summer vacation are coming soon, my classmates are 56. _____trying very hardly to get train tickets to go home. But 57._____I have made up my minds to spend the vacation far from 58._____home for first time in my life. My parents have agreed 59._____to visiting me, and I will have a different vacation. When 60.____they came here, I will show them around my university 61. _____and the city just as well. I have decided to buy them 62. ____some nice gifts. It will be a big surprising for them. My 63._____parents have done a lot for me, and I think it is high time 64._____that I did anything special to express my thanks. 65._____7．2008年（重庆卷）The Story about Growth is my favorite AmericanTV play because it is very interested. The play 76.tells humorous stories that happen in the Green’s 77.family. With such stories it make people think 78.about life, but therefore attracts the audience. It is 79.also a window which we can learn about American 80.society. And there were many meaningful things that 81.are worth think of, such as the relationship between 82.parents and children in a lot of American family. It 83.is quite different from those in China. The play is 84.very popular. We’d better not to miss the chance 85.to enjoy it.8．2008年（安徽卷）One day, while my friend and I was traveling through 76__________ Germany, we were not very hungry but we only had a little 77__________money. We decided stop at a village market to buy 78__________ something to eat. We choose the cheapest biscuits and 79.__________ ate it under a tree. We thought the biscuits were great. 80__________ “Let’s got some more,” I said, “They’re cheap and they 81__________ really taste well.” My friend could read some German, but 82__________ I couldn’t, and I gave her the biscuit bag to find the name. 83._________ She looked at it and started to laugh, “How are you laughing?” 84._________ I asked. “Because they’re dog biscuits!” She said. 85._________ 9．2008年（福建卷）Dear Ken,I am very exciting to learn that you’re coming to 76.Beijing for the Olympic. Both my parent miss you a 77lot. So do our friend, Cathy, August is the best time 78of the year to visit Beijing, because of there is only 79a few rain and the weather is neither too hot nor too 80cold. There are so many places I want to take you to 81after I finish my work like a volunteer. When you come, 82you can stay with ourselves. My house is about three kilometers 83far away from the National Stadium, also known as 84the “Bird’s Nest”, where opening ceremony will be held. 85Best regards,Janet真题答案：1．2008年（全国卷II）If I have the honor to be chose to work for the 76. chosen29th Olympic Games, I will at first improve my 77. atEnglish so that I can talk easily about foreign visitors. 78. with/ toSecond, I will learn more about /\ history of the 79. the Olympics as good as the 2008 Olympic Games. Third, 80. wellsince I was familiar with Beijing, I can help visitors find 81. amtheir ways in the city. Finally, I should be able to tell 82. way visitors about our history and culture and show 83. \/them their great achievements. In short, I will do 84. ourmy best to help making the Games a success. 85. make 2．2008年（全国卷I）Dear Alice,I have just got some good mews to tell to you. 76. 去掉toI win a national prize for painting last week. 77. wonMy father was so pleasing that he suggested 78. pleased/happy I go to England for a holiday. I’d like to staying 79. stayThere for half a month, visiting place of interest 80. placesor practicing my English as well. We’ve been 81. andWriting to each∧for nearly a year now. I have 82. otheroften dreamed of talk face to with you. 83. talkingI imagine you’ll be at vacation yourself by that 84. onTime. Perhaps we could go out to do some 85. √sightseeing together.Best,Lily3．2008年普通（辽宁卷）It is five years now since I graduate from No.3 High 76. graduated School. Last Saturday, the class that I was on held a 77. inget-together, which took us a long time ∧prepare. It 78. towas indeed not easy to get in the touch with everybody 79. 去掉theand set a well time for all of us. We all enjoyed 80. goodthis precious day greatly, remember the time we spent 81. remembering together and the people they were familiar with. It was 82. wea pity which some of us were not present as they had 83. thatgone abroad for further studies, but they called back 84. √or sent greeting card from different places. 85. cards4．2008年（陕西卷）John Brown is London taxi driver who love going to the 76. loves Theatre .Last week his mother gave him two tickets for a play. 77. √The tickets were on Sunday evening. Then John read some 78. for Reviews of the play, which all said it was a terribly one! He 79. terrible Wouldn’t go to see a play that no one liked it, So two hours 80. 去掉it Before the play started, he left the ticket on the back seat of 81. tickets His taxi, Perhaps someone who wanted ∧see the play would take 82. to However, while John went back home, the tickets were 83. when Still there. In the fact ,there were four tickets on the seat. 84. 去掉the Someone has placed another pair of tickets on top of them! 85. had5．200年（天津卷）Last summer I go to America and studied at a language 56. went school. I had many wonderful experience, but I also 57. experiences had a sad one. One day, the school held∧party, where 58. aI ∧invited to talk about Tianjin. After that they asked me a lot of 59. wasthings about China. But I couldn’t explain them with English 60. inclearly. I felt sadly. I learnt a lesson from this experience. I 61. sadhave already studied English for eight years, ∧I can’t use it 62. but/and/yet very good. I must work hard to improve my spoken English 63. wellso that I will not be able to communicate freely with foreigners. 64. notI hope I can be a bridge between China and others countries 65. otherin the future.6．2008年普通高（四川卷）As summer vacation are coming soon, my classmates are 56. istrying very hardly to get train tickets to go home. But 57.hardI have made up my minds to spend the vacation far from 58. mindhome for∧first time in my life. My parents have agreed 59.theto visiting me, and I will have a different vacation. When 60.visitthey came here, I will show them around my university 61. comeand the city just as well. I have decided to buy them 62. justsome nice gifts. It will be a big surprising for them. My 63.surprise parents have done a lot for me, and I think it is high time 64.∨that I did anything special to express my thanks. 65.something7．2008年（重庆卷）The Story about Growth is my favorite AmericanTV play because it is very interested. The play 76. interestingtells humorous stories that happen in the Gree n’s 77. 去掉thefamily. With such stories it make people think 78. makesabout life, but therefore attracts the audience. It is 79. andalso a window ∧which we can learn about American 80. through(from) society. And there were many meaningful things that 81. areare worth think of, such as the relationship between 82. thinkingparents and children in a lot of American family. It 83. familiesis quite different from those in China. The play is 84.thatvery popular. We’d better not to miss the chance 85. 去掉toto enjoy it.8．2008年（安徽卷）One day, while my friend and I was traveling through 76 were Germany, we were not very hungry but we only had a little 77 not money. We decided ^ stop at a village market to buy 78 to something to eat. We choose the cheapest biscuits and 79. choseate it under a tree. We thought the biscuits were great. 80 them “Let’s got some more,” I said, “They’re cheap and they 81 get really ta ste well.” My friend could read some German, but 82 goodI couldn’t, and I gave her the biscuit bag to find the name. 83. go She looked at it and started to laugh, “How are you laughing?” 84. why I asked. “Because they're dog biscuits!” She said. 85. √9．2008年（福建卷）Dear Ken,I am very exciting to learn that you’re coming to 76. excited Beijing for the Olympic. Both my parent miss you a 77 parents lot. So do our friend, Cathy, August is the best time 78 doesof the year to visit Beijing, because of there is only 79 ofa few rain and the weather is neither too hot nor too 80 little cold. There are so many places I want to take you to 81 √ after I finish my work like a volunteer. When you come, 82 asyou can stay with ourselves. My house is about three kilometers 83 usfar away from the National Stadium, also known as 84 far the “Bird’s Nest”, where∧opening ceremony will be held. 85 the Best regards,Janet能力测试题：1．Mary did not understand such sentences like "She is blue today." 1.____ "You are yellow."" He has a green thumb." "He has told a white lie." 2_____ and so on. And she went to the teacher with help. 3._____ Mary:Mrs Smith ,there is a color in each of the sentence. 4_____What do they mean?Mrs. Smith: In everyday English, Mary, blue sometimes mean 5_____ sad ,yellow afraid .Person with a green thumb grows plants well. 6_____ And a white lie is not a bad one.Mary :Would you give me a example for "a white lie"? 7_____ Mrs Smith :Certainly. Now I just give you some cakes.In fact, 8_____ you don't like it, but you won't say it Instead of ,you say 9_____ "Yes ,thanks, I'm not hungry." That's a white lie. 10_____ Mary: Oh, I see, thank you very much.2．Dear editor,I am a high school student. A few days before, 1. _____one of my very good friend told me that he was going 2. _____to stop the school. He said that he wanted to start his 3. _____own business.I tried my best to get him change his 4. _____mind, but failed.I know it is difficult of him to change his mind. 5. _____He is not doing so good at his studies, yet I want to 6. _____insist that I give it a try. The process（过程）is more 7. _____important than the results. Now there are only 90days 8. _____left before the test. I an not sure that his decision is 9. _____right or wrong. I needed your advice. 10. _____Gao Fei3．Last Saturday,I wanted very much to see a filmtogether with my brother after supper. On my way 1,____to the cinema,we happen to meet with an American 2.____named Peter,who had lost his way, looked worried. 3.____when he told us that he was’t able to find 4.____the hotel,we decided take him there.While we went 5.____to the hotel, we told of Peter the great changes 6.____that had taken place in our country in the pastfew year ,and he told us a lot of things about the 7.____youths in the U·S·A.Although my brother and I missed a interesting 8.____Film , we felt very happily ,for we had not only helped 9.____Peter out of trouble and also learnt something from him. 10.____4．Making ropes are one of the oldest trades in the world. 1、.______We know what people made ropes more than 5000 years 2、.______ ago, because we had found pieces of rope in very old 3、.______ Egyptian tombs. They made some of this from the hair 4、.______of camels. They made another from twisted grass. People 5、.______ used them for tying animal, for getting water from deep 6、.______ wells and for pulling large stones which they used them in 7、.______ building. In the very old days, people made ropes by the hand, 8、.______but today, machines make them. In very poor countries today, 9、.______ people still make ropes their ancestors did in the very old days. 10、.______ （*ancestor：祖先）5．My grandfather was a teacher. He was the head teacherof a school for boys at the ages of thirteen and 1、.______ eighteen. I know that he was a kind man at heart,because when I am young, he gave me presents, and 2、.______ set me on his knee, and spoke me stories. 3、.______ But I believe the boys at his school afraid of him. 4、.______ At school, when he walked into a room fill of 5、.______ noise boys, there was silence at once. When he 6、.______ looked at a boy with a certain look in his eyes,that boy went to red in the face, and looked 7、.______down at his shoes. If a boy brought him poor, careless 8、.______ work, my grandfather picked up the boy’s bookand t hrow it across the room, shouting, “Do it 9、.______ all again, and bring it back the first thing inthe morning!” If the boy was late, or if he forgotto take the work, he had to do it again, and again, and yet again. 10、.______ 6．Dear Miss Lu Mei,I'm very pleasant to receive your letter. 1.______And I had like very much to be your friend. 2.______I like musics and drawing.I'm also a 3.______sport lover.Yes,I love to swim.But I don't 4._____go swimming now because of it is winter here. 5.______During the summer holidays here in January,I 6._____go to the seashore almost everyday. 7._____I learned about China in my history lesson. 8._____I know it is a acient(古老的)and beautiful country. 9._____I wish one day I can go and see your country. 10.______7．I am back in Brighton now after great holiday with Rosie 1、.______ in Dublin. I really enjoyed it. We travel by train and boat. 2、.______ I hated the boat journey-tried to sleep, and it was very 3、.______ difficult. We both very tired when we arrived. 4、.______ We stayed with her parents for two weeks and 5、.______ they cooked lovely meals to us. I practised my English 6、.______ all the time. We visited Rosie’s friends and also some of the7、.______ Dublin’s beautiful buildings. The castle was close so we8、.______ didn’t get into, we just looked at the outside. I liked the9、.______ university very much. What great to be a student! 10、.______ 8．After a day of work and play, the body need to have 1、.______ a rest. Sleep is necessary for good healthy. During this 2、.______ time, the body recovers from the activities of the day.Rest that you get while sleeping enables your body 3、.______ to prepare themselves for the next day. 4、.______ There are four levels of sleep. Each is a little 5、.______ deep than the one before. As you sleep, your muscles 6、.______ relax a little by little. Your heart beats more slowly, 7、.______ and your brain slows down. After you reach the 8、.______ fourth level, your body shifts back or forth from one 9、______ level sleep to the other. 10、______9．Before I went to senior middle school, some peoples told 1._______ me. “A life of senior middle school is unforgettable.” 2._______ While I first entered my senior middle school, everything 3._______ seemed unpleasant. Face all the strange things around me, 4._______ I often miss my old friends and classmates. I didn’t want 5._______ to talk others or make friends with others. Little by little, my 6._______ school record went from bad to worse, especially my 7._______ maths. I couldn’t even pass the exam. I lost the heart and 8._______ missed the happy times all day long. I told me, “I don’t 9._______ belong to it. I don’t like the life here.” 10._______10Tom and Dick are next door neighbour who work 1.________ in the same office so they walked together to and from 2.________ office. Some day as they were walking home together it 3.________ sudden started to rain. Tom quickly opened his umbrella 4.________ and said, “My wife su rely has foresight (预见) . She said 5.________on this morning it would rain and told me to carry my 6.________ umbrella with me.” Dick smiled and walked to him, said,7.________ “My wife has even great foresight. She told me not to 8.________ carry an umbrella and as she knew you would certainly 9.________ have with you.” 10.________能力测试参考答案：1．1. (like) →as2.√3.(with) →for4.(sentence) →sentences5.(mean)-means6.person 前加A7.me(a)-an8.(cakes) →cake9.去掉of 10.(Yes) →No2．1．before→ago 2.friend→friends 3.去掉the4. change增加to5.of→for6.good→well7. I→he 8.√9. that→whether 10.needed→need3．1.our/the2.happened3.looking4. √5.to6.of7.years8.an /the 9.happy 10.but4．1、are→is2、what→that3、had去掉或改成have4、this→them5、another→others6、animal→animals7、them去掉8、the去掉9、√10、their ancestors前加as5．1、at → between2、am → was3、spoke → told4、Λ afraid were5、fill → full6、noisy7、去掉to8、√9、throw → threw 10、take → bring6．1.pleasant→pleased\glad2.had→would3.musics→music4.to swim→swimming5.。