中科院2002考博英语

PART Џ STRUCTURE&VOCABULARY ( 25minutes,15points)sectionA( 0.5 point eath)direction: choose the word or expression below each sentence that best completes the statement, and mark the corresponding letter of your choice with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring answer sheet.16.Knowing that the cruel criminal has done a lot of unlawful things, I feel sure that I have no __________ but to report him to the local police.A. timeB. chanceC. authorityD. alternative17.Behind his large smiles and large cigars, his eyes often seemed to __________regret.A. teemB. brim withC. come withD. look with18.There is only one difference between an old man and a young one: the young one has a glorious future before him and the old one has a _______future behind him.A. splendidB. conspicuousC. uproariousD. imminent19. That tragedy distressed me so much that I used to keep indoors and go out only _________necessity.A. within reach ofB. for fear ofC. by means ofD. in case of20. A young man sees a sunset and unable to understand of express the emotion that it _________in him, concludes that it must be the gateway to a world that lies beyond.A. reflectsB. retainsC. rousesD. radiates21.______________the heat to a simmer and continue to cook for another 8-10minutes or until most of the water has evaporated.A. Turn offB. Turn overC. Turn downD. Turn up22.Banks shall be unable to ___________,or claim relief against the first 15%of any loan or bankrupted debt left with them .A. write offB. put asideC. shrink fromD. come over23.I am to inform you ,that you may ,if you wish , attend the inquiry ,and at the inspectors discretion state your case _________or through an entrusted representative.A. in personB. in depthC. in secretD. in excess24.In his view, though Hong Kong has no direct cultural identity, local art is thriving by “being ___________,”being open to all kinds of art.A. gratifyingB. predominatingC. excellingD. accommodating25.In some countries preschool education in nursery schools or kindergartens _________the 1st grade.A. leadsB. precedesC. forwardsD. advances26.Desert plants ________ two categories according to the way they deal with the problem of surviving drought.A. break downB. fall intoC. differ inD. refer to27.In the airport, I could hear nothing except the roar of aircraft engines which _________ all other sounds.A. dwarfedB. diminishedC. drownedD. relative28.Criticism without suggesting areas of improvement is not _________ and should be avoided if possible.A. constructiveB. productiveC. descriptiveD. relative29. The Committee pronounced four members expelled for failure to provide information in the____________ of investigations.A. caseB. chaseC. causeD. course30. Since neither side was ready to __________ what was necessary for peace, hostility were resumed in 1980.A. precedeB. recedeC. concedeD. intercede31.Such an _________act of hostility can only lead to war.A. overtB. episodicC. ampleD. ultimate32._________ both in working life and everyday living to different sets of values, and expectations places a severe strain on the individual.A. RecreationB. TransactionC. DisclosureD. Exposure33. It would then be replaced by interim government, which would _________be replaced by a permanent government after four months.A. in stepB. in turn B. in practice D. in haste34. Haven‟t I told you I don‟t want you keeping ____________ with those awful riding-about bicycle boys?A. companyB. acquaintanceC. friendsD. place35.Consumers deprived of the information and advice they needed were quite simply _________ every cheat in the marketplace.A. at the mercy ofB. in lieu ofC. by courtesy ofD. for the price ofSection B (0.5 point each)Directions :in each of the following sentences there are four parts underlined and marked A, B, C, and D. Indicate which of the four parts is incorrectly used. Mark the corresponding letter of your choice by drawing a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.36. The auctioneer must know fair accurately the current market values of the goods he isA B C D selling.37.Children are among the most frequent victims of violent, drug-related crimes that have nothingA B Cdoing with the cost of acquiring the drugs.D38. A large collection of contemporary photographs, including some taken by Mary are on displayA B Cat the museum.D39.There is much in our life which we do not control and we are not even responsible for.A B C D40. Capital inflows will also tend to increase the international value of the dollar, make it moreA B Cdifficult to sell U.S. exports.D41. It can be argued that the problems, even something as fundamental as the ever-increased worldA B C population, have been caused by technological adcance.D42. It takes the most cool-headed and good-tempered of drivers to resist the temptation to revengeA B Cas subfected to uncivilized behavior.D43. While experts in basic science are important, skilled talents should be the overriding majorityA B Csince they are at heavy demand in the market.D44.Retailers offered deep discounts and extra hours this weekend in the bid to lure shoppers.A B C D45.The amendments of the laws on patent, trademark and copyright have enhanced protection ofA Bintellectual property rights and made them conform to WTO rules.C DPART3 CLOZE TEST (15minutes, 15 points)Directions:There are 15 questions in this part of the test. Read the passage through. Then, go back and choose one suitable word or phrase marked A, B, C, or D for each blank in the passage. Mark the corresponding letter of the word or phrase you have chosen with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.At least since the Industrial Revolution, gender roles have been in a state of transition. As a result, cultural scripts about marriage have undergone change, One of the more obvious ___46____ has occurred in the roles that women 47 . Women have moved into the world of work and have become adept at meeting expectations in that arena, 48 maintaining their family roles of nurturing and creating a(n) 49 that is a haven for all family members. 50 many women experience strain from trying to “do it all, ” they often endoy the increased 51 that can result from playing multiple roles. As women‟s roles have changed, changing expectations about men‟s roles have become more 52 . Many men are relinquishing their major responsibility 53 the family provider. Probably the most significant change in men‟s roles, however, is in the emotional 54 of family life. Men are increasingly 55 to meet the emotional needs of their families, 56 their wives.In fact, expectations about he emotional domain of marriage have become more significant for marriage in general. Research on 57 marriage has changed over recent decades points to the increasing importance of the emotional side of the relationship, and the importance of sharing in the “emotion work”58 to nourish marriages and other family relationships. Men and women want to experience marriages that are interdependent, 59 both partners nurture each other, attend and respond to each other, and encourage and promote each other. We are thus seeing marriages in which men‟s and women‟s roles are becoming increasingly more 60 .46. A. incidents B. changes C. results D. effects47. A. take B. do C. play D. show48. A. by B. while C. hence D. thus49. A. home B. garden C. arena D. paradise50. A. When B. Even though C. Since D. Nevertheless51. A. rewards B. profits C. privileges D. incomes52. A. general B. acceptable C. popular D. apparent53. A. as B. of C. from D. for54. A. section B. constituent C. domain D. point55. A. encouraged B. expected C. advised D. predicted56. A. not to mention B. as well as C. including D. especially57. A. how B. what C. why D. if58. A. but B. only C. enough D. necessary59. A. unless B. although C. where D. because60. A. pleasant B. important C. similar D. manageablePART 4 READING COMPREHENSION (60minutes, 30 points)Directions: Below each of the following passages you will find some questions or incomplete statements. Each question or statement is followed by four choices marked A, B, C and D. Read each passage carefully, and then select the choice that best answers the question or completes the statement. Mark the letter of your choice with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.Passage1The man who invented Coca-cola was not a native Atlantan, but on the day of his funeral every drugstore in town testimonially shut up shop. He was John Styth Pemberton, born in 1833 in Knoxville, Georgia, eighty miles away. Sometimes known as Doctor, Pemberton was a pharmacist who, during the Civil War, led a cavalry troop under General Joe Wheelrer. He settled in Atlanta in 1869, and soon began brewing such patent medicines as Triplex Liver Pills and Globe of Flower Cough Syrup. In 1885, he registered a trademark for something called French Wine Coca-Ideal Nerve and Tonic Stimulant, a few months later he formed the Pemberton Chemical Company, and recruited the services of a bookkeeper named Frank M. Robinson, who not only had a good head for figures but, attached to it, so exceptional a nose that he could audit the composition of a batch of syrup merely by sniffling it. In 1886-a year in which, as contemporary Coca-Coca officials like to point our, Conan Doyle unveiled Sherlock Holmes and France unveiled the Statue of Liberty-Pemberton unveiled a syrup that he called Coca-Coca. It was a modification of his French Wine Coca. He had taken our the wine and added a pinch of caffeine, and, when the end product tasted awful, had thrown in some extract of cola nut and a few other oils, blending the mixture in a three-legged iron pot in his back yard and swishing it around with an oar. He distributed it to soda fountains in used beer bottles, and Robinson, with his glowing bookkeeper‟s script, presently devised a label, on which “Coca-Cola”was written in the fashion that is still employed. Pemberton looked upon his mixture less as a refreshment than as a headache cure, especially for people whose headache could be traced to over-indulgence.On a morning late in 1886,one such victim of the night before dragged himself into an Atlanta drugstore and asked for a doolop of Cola-Cola. Druggists customarily stirred a teaspoonful of syrup into a glass of water, but in this instance the man on duty was too lazy to walk to the fresh-water tap, a couple of feet off. Instead, he mixed the syrup with some soda water, which was closer at hand. The suffering customer perked up almost at once, and word quickly spread that the best Coca-Cola was a fizzy one.64. What dose the passage tell us about John Styth Pemberton?A. He was highly respected by AtlantansB. He ran a drug store that also sells wine.C. He had been a doctor until the Civil War.D. He made a lot of money with his pharmacy.62. Which of the following was unique to Frank M. Robinson, working with the Pemberton‟s Company?A. Skills to make French wineB. Talent for drawing picturesC. An acute sense of smell.D. Ability to work with numbers.63.Why was the year 1886 so special to Pemberton?A. He took to doing a job like Sherlock Holmes‟sB. He brought a quite profitable product into being.C. He observed the founding ceremony of Statue of Liberty.D. He was awarded by Coca-Cola for his contribution64.One modification made of French Wine Coca formula was__________A. used beer bottles were chosen as containersB. the amount of caffeine in it was increasedC. it was blended with oils instead of waterD. Cola nut extract was added to taste65. According to the passage, Coca-Cola was in the first place prepared especially for ________A. the young as a soft drinkB. a replacement of French Wine CocaC. the relief of a hangoverD. a cure for the common headache66. The last paragraph mainly tells___________A. the complaint against the lazy shop-assistantB. a real test of Coca-cola as a headache cureC. the mediocre service of the drugstoreD. a happy accident that gave birth to Coca-ColaPassage 2Between 1833 and 1837, the publishers of a “penny press” proved that a low-priced paper, edited to interest ordinary people, could win what amounted to a mass circulation for the times and thereby attract an advertising volume that would make it independent. These were papers for the common citizen and were not tied to the interests of the business community, like the mercantile press, or dependent for financial support upon political party allegiance. It did not necessarily follow that all the penny papers would be superior in their handing of the news and opinion functions. But the door was open for some to make important journalistic advances.The first offerings of a penny paper tended to be highly sensational; human interest stories overshadowed important news, and crime and sex stories were written in full detail. But as the penny paper attracted readers from various social and economic brackets, its sensationalism was modified. The ordinary reader came to want a better product, too. A popularized style of writing and presentation of news remained, but the penny paper became a respectable publication that offered significant information and editorial leadership. Once the first of the successful penny papers had shown the way, later ventures could enter the competition at the higher level of journalistic responsibility the pioneering papers had reached.This was the pattern of American newspapers in the years following the founding of the New York Sun in 1833. The sun, published by Benjamin Day, entered the lists against 11 other dailies. It was tiny in comparison; but it was bright and readable, and it preferred human interest features to important but dull political speech reports. It had a police reporter writing squibs of crime news in the style already proved successful by some other papers. And, most important, it sold for a penny, whereas its competitors sold for six cents. By 1837 the sun was printing 30,000 copies a day, which was more than the total of all 11 New York daily newspapers combined when the sun first appeared. In those same four years James Gordon Bennett brought out his New York Herald (1835), and a trio of New York printers who were imitating Day‟s success founded the Philadelphia Public ledger (1836) and the Baltimore sun (1837).The four penny sheets all became famed newspapers.67. What does the first paragraph say about the “penny press?”A. It was known for its in-depth news reportingB. It had an involvement with some political parties.C. It depended on the business community for survival.D. It aimed at pleasing the general public.68. In its early days, a penny paper often ___________--A. paid much attention to political issuesB. provided stories that hit the public tasteC. offered penetrating editorials on various issuesD. covered important news with inaccuracy69. As the readership was growing more diverse, the penny paper____________A. improved its contentB. changed its writing styleC. developed a more sensational styleD. became a tool for political parries70. The underlined word “ventures” in Paragraph 2 can best be replaced by ___________A. editorsB. reportersC. newspapersD. companies71. What is true about the Philadelphia Public Ledger and the Baltimore sun.?A. They turned out to be failures.B. They were later purchased by James Gordon Bennett.C. They were also founded by Benjamin Day.D. They became well-known newspapers in the U.S.72. This passage is probably taken from a book on ___________A. the work ethics of the American mediaB. the techniques in news reportingC. the history of sensationalism in American mediaD. the impact of mass media on American societyPassage 3Forget what Virginia Woolf said about what a writer needs—a room of one‟s own. The writershe had in mind wasn‟t at work on a novel in cyberspace, one with multiple hypertexts, animated graphics and downloads of trancey, chiming music. For that you also need graphic interfaces, RealPlayer and maybe even a computer laboratory at Brown University. That was where Mark Amerika—his legally adopted name; don‟t ask him about his birth name—composed much of his novel Grammatron. But Grammatron isn‟t just a story. It‟s an online narrative () that uses the capabilities of cyberspace to tie the conventional story line into complicate knots. In the four year it took to produce—it was completed in 1997—each new advance in computer software became anther potential story device. “I became sort of dependent on the industry,” jokes Amerika, who is also the author of two novels printed on paper. “That‟s unusual for a writer, because if you just write on paper the …technology‟ is pretty stable.”Nothing about Grammatron is stable. At its center, if there is one, is Abe Golam, the inventor of Nanoscript, a quasi—mystical computer code that some unmystical corporations are itching to acquire. For much of the story, Abe wanders through Prague-23, a virtual “city”in cyberspace whare visitors indulge in fantasy encounters and virtual sex, which can get fairly graphic, The reader wanders too, because most of Grammatron’s 1,000-puls text screens contain several passages in hypertext. To reach the next screen, just double-click. But each of those hypertexts is a trapdoor that can plunge you down a different pathway of the story. Choose one and you drop into a corporate-strategy memo. Choose another and there‟s a XXX-rated sexual rant. The story you read is in some sense the story you make.Amerika teaches digital art at the University of Colorado, where his students develop works that straddle the lines between art, film and literature. “I tell them not to get caught up in mere plot,” he says. Some avant-garde writers—Julio Cortazar, Italo Calvino—have also experimented with novels that wander out of their author‟s control. “But what makes the Net so exciting, “says Amerika, “is that you can add sound, randomly generated links, 3-D modeling, animaion.” That room of one‟s own is turning into a fun house.73. The passage is mainly to tell __________________.A. differences between conventional and modern novelsB. how Mark Amerika composed his novel GrammatronC. common features of all modern electronic novelsD. why Mark Amerika took on a new way of writing74. Why does the author ask the reader to forget what Virginia Woolf said about the necessities ofa writer?A. Modern writers can share rooms to do the writing.B. It is not necessarily that a writer writes inside a room.C. Modern writers will get nowhere without a word processorD.It is no longer sufficient for the writing in cyberspace.75.As an on-line narrative, Grammatron is anything but stable because it ______________.A. provides potentials for the story developmentB. is one of the novels at <>C. can be downloaded free of chargeD. boasts of the best among cyber stories76.By saying that he became sort of dependent on the industry, Mark Amerika meant that _________.A. he could not help but set his Grammatron and thers in Industrial RevolutionB. conventional writers had been increasingly challenged by high technologyC. much of his Grammatron had proved to be cybernetic dependentD. he couldn‟t care less about new advance in computer software77. As the passage shows , Grammatron makes it possible for readers to _____________-A. adapt the story for a video versionB. “walk in” the story and interact with itC. develop the plots within the author‟s controlD. steal the show and become the main character78. Amerika told his students not to ____________A.immerse themselves only in creating the plotB. be captivated by the plot alone while readingC. be lagged far behind in the plot developmentD. let their plot get lost in the on-going storyPassage 4In 1993, a mall security camera captured a shaky image of two 10-year-old boys leading a much smaller boy out of a Liberpool, England, shopping center. The boys lured James Bulger, 2, away from his mother, who was shopping , and led him on a long walk across town. The excursion ended at a railroas track. There, inexplicably, the older boys tortured the toddler, kicking him, smearing paint on his face and pummeling him to death with bricks before heaving him on the track to be dismembered by a train. The boys, Jon Venables and Robert Thompson, then went of to watch cartoons.Today the boys are 18-year-ole men, and after spending eight years in juvenile facilities, they have been deemed fit for release--probably this spring. The dilemma now confronting the English justice system is how to reintegrate the notorious duo into a society that remains horrified by their crimes and skeptical about their rehabilitation. Last week Judge Elizabeth Butler-Sils decided the young men were in so much danger that they needed an unprecedented shield to protect them upon release. For ht e rest of their lives, Venable sands Thompson will have a right to anonymity. All English media outlets are banned from publishing any information about their whereabouts of the new identities the government will help them establish. Photos of the two or even details about their current looks are also prohibited.In the U.S, which is harder on juvenile criminals than England, such a ruling seems inconceivable. “We‟re clearly the most punitive in the industrialized world,”says Laurence Steinberg, a Temple University professor who studies juvenile justice. Over the past decade, the trend in the U.S. has been to allow publication of ever more information about underage offenders. U.S. courts also give more weight to press freedom than English courts ,ewhich, for example, ban all video cameras.But even for Britain, the order is extraordinary. The victim‟s family is enraged, as are the ever eager British tabloids. “What right have they got to be given special protection as adults?” asks Bulger‟s mother Denise Fergus. Newspaper editorials have insisted that citizens have a right to know if Venables of Thompson move in next door. Says conserbative Member of Parliament Humfrey Malins;”It almost leaves you with the feeling that the nastier the crime, the greater the chance for a completely new life.”79. What occurred as told at the beginning of the passage?A. 2 ten-year-olds killed James by accident in playB. James Bulger was killed by his two brothers.C. Two mischievous boys forged a train accident.D. A little kid was murdered by two older boys.80.According to the passage, Jon Venables and Robert Thompson________________A. hav been treated as juvenile delinquentsB. have been held in protective custody for their murder gameC. were caught while watching cartoons eight years agoD. have already served out their 10 years in prison81.The British justice system is afraid that the two young men would_______________A. hardly get accustomed to a horrifying general publicB. be doomed to become social outcasts after releaseC. still remain dangerous and destructive if set freeD. be inclined to commit a recurring crime82. According to the British courts, after their return to society, the two adults will be __________A. banned from any kind of press interviewB. kept under constant surveillance by policeC. shielded from being identified an killersD. ordered to report to police their whereabouts83. From the passage we can infer that a US counterpart of Venables or Thompson would________.A. have no freedom to go wherever he wantsB. serve a life imprisonment for the crimeC. be forbidden to join many of his relativesD. no doubt receive massive publicity in the U>S>84. As regards the mentioned justice ruling, the last paragraph mainly tells that ________________A. it is controversial as it goes without precedentB. the British media are sure to do the contraryC. Bulger‟s family would enter all appeal against itD. Conservatives obviously conflict with LiberalsPassage 5Can the Internet help patients jump the line at the doctor‟s office? The silicon Valley Employers Forum, a sophisticated group of technology companies, is launching a pilot program to test online “virtual visits “between doctors at three big local medical groups and about 6,000 employees and their families. The six employers taking part in the Silicon Valley initiative, including heavy hitters such as Oracle and Cisco Systems, hope that online visits will mean employees won‟t have to skip work to tend to minor ailments of to follow up on chronic conditions. “With our long commutes and traffic, driving 40 miles to your doctor in your hometown can be a big chunk of time, “ says Cindy Conway, benefits director at Cadence Design Systems, one of the participating companies.Doctors aren‟t clamoring to chat with patients online for free; they spend enough unpaid time ton the phone. Only 1 in 5 has ever E-mailed a patient, and just 9 percent are interested in doing so, according to the research firm Cyber Dialogue.”We are not stupid,”says Stirling Somers, executive of the Silicon Valley employers group. “Doctors getting jpaid is a critical piece ingetting this to work.” In the pilot program, physicians will get $20 per online consultation, about what they get for a simple office visit.Doctors also fear they‟ll be swamped by rambling E-mails that tell everything but what‟s needed to make a diagnosis. So the new program will use technology supplied by Healinx, an Alameda, Calif.-based start-up. Healinx‟s “Smart Symptom Wizard” questions patients and turns answers into a succinct message. The company has online dialogues for 60 common conditions. The doctor can then diagnose the problem and outline a treatment plan, which could include E-mailing a prescription or a face-to-face visit.Can E-mail replace the doctor‟s office? Many conditions, such as persistent cough, require a stethoscope to discover what‟s wrong—and to avoid a malpractice suit. Even Larry Bonham, head of one of the doctor‟s groups in the pilot, believes the virtual doctor‟s visits offer a “very narrow”sliver of service between hone calls to an advice nurse an a visit to the clinic.The pilot program, set to end in nine months, also hopes to determine whether online visits will boost worker productivity enough to offset the cost of the service. So far, the Internet‟s record in the health field has been underwhelming. The experiment is “a huge roll of the dice for Healinx,” notes Michael Barrett, an analyst at Internet consulting firm Forester Research. If the “Web visits” succeed, expect some HMOs(Health Maintenance Organizations) to pay for online visits. If doctors, employers, and patients aren‟t satisfied, figure on one more E-health start-up to stand down.85. the Silicon Valley employers promote the E-health program for the purpose of ___________A. rewarding their employeesB. gratifying the local hospitalsC. boosting worker productivityD. testing a sophisticated technology86. What can be learned about the on-line doctors‟ visits?A. They are a quite promising business.B. They are funded by the local government.C. They are welcomed by all the patientsD. They are very much under experimentation.87.Of he following people, who are not involved in the program?A. Cisco System employeesB. advice nurses in the clinicC. doctors at three local hospitalsD. Oracle executives88. According to Paragraph 2, doctors are___________A. reluctant to serve online for nothingB. not interested in Web consultationC. too tired to talk to the patients onlineD. content with $20 paid per Web visit89. “Smart Symptom Wizard” is capable of ___________A. making diagnosesB. producing prescriptionsC. profiling patients‟ illnessD. offering a treatment plan。