American history--Gold Rush
英美概况名词解释
名词解释：1.Great Britain: shortened as Britain ,it can be a geographical term ,referring to the island onwhich England ,Wales and Scotland are situated ,together with numerous smaller islands .2.The Union Flag :also known as the Union Jack ,it is the national flag of the United Kingdom .3.God Save the King /Queen : the national anthem of the United Kingdom.ke Poets: English poets at the turn of the 19th century who lived in the Lake District ofEngland and were inspired by it to create romantic works .5.Domesday Book(土地财产清册)：The written record of a census and survey of Englishlandowners and their property made by order of William the Conqueror in 1085-1086 .6.Black Death (黑死病)：also known as the Black Plague ,it was a devastating pandemic(流行的) that first struck European in the mid-14th century .7.Gunpowder Plot(火药阴谋)：conspiracy of a group of English Catholics to blow up the Houseof Parliament where King James I was present on 5 November ,1605.The plan was discovered and Guy Frank was caught and burnt alive .In England ,5 November is celebrated with bonfire ,fireworks and the burning of the effigies.(肖像)。
Gold Rush
The Life of Miners
An overwhelming number of goldseekers and merchants began to arrive from virtually every continent.
It is estimated that approximately 90,000 people arrived in CalifLD RUSH
The most famous quote of the California Gold Rush was by the merchant Samuel Brannan.after he had hurriedly set up a store to sell gold prospecting supplies, Brannan strode through the streets of San Francisco, holding aloft a vial of gold, shouting "Gold! Gold! Gold from the American River!" Then ,the gold rush began
GOLD RUSH
淘 金 热
王晓楠
鲁文秀
贺孜薇
罗 申
GOLD RUSH
(1848-1858)
History Effect
--History Gold rush is a period of feverish(发热的， 极度兴奋的) migration of workers into the area of a dramatic discovery of commercial quantities of gold in the 19th century. Gold Rush was one of the most significant events in California history. It brought people from all over the United States and the world in search for gold.
The Gold Rush & The Gilded Age镀金时代 &淘金热
The Gilded Age
• The Gilded Age, which spanned the final three decades of the nineteenth century, was one of the most dynamic, contentious, and volatile periods in American history. America's industrial economy exploded, generating unprecedented opportunities for individuals to build great fortunes but also leaving many farmers and workers struggling merely for survival. Overall national wealth increased more than fivefold, a staggering increase, but one that was accompanied by what many saw as an equally staggering disparity between the rich and the poor. Industrial giants like Andrew Carnegie and John D. Rockefeller revolutionized business and ushered in the modern corporate economy, but also, ironically, sometimes destroyed free-market economic competition in the process. Record numbers of citizens voted in national elections, but the politicians they voted for were often lackluster figures who turned a blind eye to the public interest.
美国独立战争西进运动淘金热英文介绍
If you know the Civil War, you will know America.
Theme
This novel satisfies the boys’ hope for the fame, heroism, gold and silver wealth and adulation of the deepest aspirations, and vividly depicts the life in an American frontier town before the Civil War.
Western Cowboy
The Civil War
Capitalist economy of northen regions
Abolish slavery 1
develop capitalist economy
Plantation economy of southern regions
Reserve slavery
The fiercest conflict is the matter of blacks’ freedom . So you can see the whole story is about how to set Jim free.
Characters
Huckleberry Finn
Naive and naughty Desiring to be free Brave Energetic and curious
Jim
Longing for freedom and daring to change destiny Brave, selfless, and kindhearted
The main plot
马克吐温介绍(英文)
Mark Twain—mirror of AmericanMark Twain and his representativesThe Adventures of Tom SawyerThe Adventures of Huckleberry Finn(1835--1910).His Life ______ Historic Events of USA Tramp printer ProsperousRiver pilot Mississippi RiverTranscontinental Railroads Guerrilla The Civil WarProspector Gold RushReporter Westward Expansion Correspondent Europe, the Holy LandWriter Tom Sawyer’s innocenceHuck Finn’s experienceName related ---two fathom deepReal name --Samuel Langhorne ClemensThree significant eventsThe California Gold Rush (1848 to 1859•American history as the "gold rush",•reached its climax in the 1860’s •40,000 prospectors and adventurers in 2•In 1848, gold was found in California booming town property rightsenvi-harm native AmericansThe American Civil War (1861–1865)Union victorythe deadliest warfeudalismConfederacy south Unionnorth bourgeois Slavery abolished Territorial integrityEarly stages •Style Active & humor•Theme life in w-m•social inequality•Representative•The Notorious JumpingFrog of Calaveras County•《卡拉维拉斯县臭名昭著的跳蛙》•Innocents Abroad•《傻子出国记》Middle stages •Style sarcasm•Theme social life in cap•Representative•Trilogy of Mississippi•Life on the Mississippi•The adventures of Tom Sawyar•The adventures of HuckleberryFinn•The Gilded AgeLater stages •Style pessimistic•Theme US invasion•Representative•Mark Twain following theequator•The mysterious strangerTragic events in her later life。
高级英语
Early life experience Mark Twain
• Born in a little town in Mississippi • At 11, he lost his father • At 13, he stopped schooling • Tramp printer • Steamboat pilot on the Mississippi • Confederate guerrilla • Prospector • Reporter on the far western frontier • Traveler abroad
• Question 3 :What is the first paragraph mainly talk about? • Question 4 :what is the second paragraph talk about?
• Question 5 : What kind of work did he do ?
Mark Twain: Samuel Langhorne Clemens (1835--1910) His Life experience ______ Historic Events of USA Tramp printer --Prosperous age River pilot -- Mississippi River Transcontinental Railroads Guerrilla -The Civil War Prospector -Gold Rush Reporter -Westward Expansion Correspondent -- Europe, the Holy Land Writer -Tom Sawyer’s innocence Huck Finn’s experience
yjlwba康老师托福鸡精背景知识大讲堂
-+懒惰是很奇怪的东西，它使你以为那是安逸，是休息，是福气；但实际上它所给你的是无聊，是倦怠，是消沉;它剥夺你对前途的希望，割断你和别人之间的友情，使你心胸日渐狭窄，对人生也越来越怀疑。
—罗兰康老师~背景知识大讲堂康老师~背景知识大讲堂第1堂WORLD HISTORY（世界史）•USING FIRE （人类开始运用火）•STONE AGE （石器时代）•BRONZE AGE （青铜器时代）•THE DEVELOPMENT OF AGRICULTURE （农业的进展）•AGRICULTURE: REVOLUTION OR EVOLUTION （农业是：革命性还是演进式产生）•THE RISE OF CIVILIZATIONS （文明的起源）•THE TIGRIS-EUPHRATES VALLEY （底格里斯－幼发拉底河流域／两河流域）•THE NILE VALLEY （尼罗河流域）•THE OLD KINGDOM （古王国时代）•THE NEW KINGDOM （新王国时代）•THE AMARNA REVOLUTION （阿玛尔纳革命）•TUTANKHAMU （图坦卡门）•NEFERTITI （娜芙蒂蒂）•RAMSES II （拉美西斯二世）•VALLEY OF THE KINGS （帝王谷）•THE HUANG HE VALLEY （黄河流域）•THE ADVANCE OF CIVILIZATION （文明的进展）•CIVILIZATIONS OF SOUTHWEST ASIA （西南亚的文明）•ASSYRIA （亚述帝国）•THE NEW BABYLONIAN EMPIRE （新巴比伦王国）•THE PERSIAN EMPIRE （波斯帝国）•PHOENICIA （腓尼基人）•THE AEGEAN CIVILIZATION （爱情海文明）•THE MINOAN CULTURE （克里特文明）•THE MYCENAEAN CULTURE （迈锡尼文化）•ATLANTIS （亚特兰提斯）•GREEK CIVILIZATION （希腊文明）•TROJAN WAR （特洛伊战争）•ALEXANDER THE GREAT’S EMPIRE （亚历山大大帝帝国）•CLEOPATRA （埃及艳后）•THE ROMAN EMPIRE （罗马帝国）•THE MAURYAN EMPIRE IN INDIA （印度孔雀帝国）•BUDDHISM （佛教）•CONFUCIANISM （儒学）•SHI HUANGDI （秦始皇）•THE MIDDLE AGES （中古时期）•FEUDALISM （封建制度）•VANDALS （汪达尔人）•CHIVALRY （骑士制度）•THE BYZANTINE EMPIRE （拜占庭帝国）•THE CRUSADES (THE CLASH BETWEEN THE CROSS AND THE CRESENT) （十字军东征）•KNIGHTS TEMPLARS （圣殿武士团）•JUSTINIAN （东罗马帝国）•THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE （鄂图曼土耳其帝国）•CHINA (FROM 500 TO 1500) TANG, SONG, YUAN, MING DYNASTIES（中国－唐宋元明朝）•MAYA （玛雅）•THE AZTEC EMPIRE （阿兹特克帝国）•THE INCA EMPIRE （印加帝国）•CHASQUI （查斯基）•THE AGE OF EXPLORATION （地理大冒险时代）•THE COLONIZATION OF AMERICA （美国殖民）•THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION （工业革命）•COSTS AND BENEFITS （工业革命的利与弊）•CAPITALISM （资本主义）•SOCIALISM （社会主义）•WORLD WAR I (1914~1918) （一次世界大战）•HITLER, ADOLF （希特勒‧阿道夫）•WORLD WAR II (1939~1945) （二次世界大战）•KAMIKAZE （神风特攻队）•SAMURAI （日本武士）第2堂American History （美国史）•COLUMBUS （哥伦布）•THE 1421 THEORY （1421年中国发现新大陆）•EXPLORATION AND EARLY SETTLEMENT（地理探险与早期殖民）•LOST COLONY & JAMESTOWN（失落的殖民地&美国第一个永远殖民地：詹姆斯镇）•PLYMOUTH COLONY （普利茅斯殖民地）•THE THIRTEEN COLONIES （美东最初的十三个殖民地）•LIFE IN COLONIAL AMERICA （殖民时期美国生活）•THE FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR (1754~1763) （印法战争）•THE ROAD TO INDEPENDENCE （美国独立之路）•THE BOSTON TEA PARTY （波士顿茶会事件）•TEA HISTORY IN AMERICA （美国茶叶历史）•THE FIRST CONTINENTAL CONGRESS （第一次大陆会议）•THE REVOLUTIONARY WAR BEGINS (1775~1783) （美国独立战争）•COMMON SENSE （常识）•THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE （独立宣言）•THE CONSTITUTION （美国宪法）•THE BILL OF RIGHTS （人权法案）•THE LOUISIANA PURCHASE （刘易斯安纳购地）•LEWIS AND CLARK（利瓦伊& 克拉克将军美西探勘）•THE WAR OF 1812 (1812~1814) （1812年英美战争）•THE NATION MOVES WEST （国家西移）•ALAMO （德州阿拉莫事件）•MEXICAN WAR (1846~1848) （美墨战争）•INDIAN WARS （美国与印地安人的战争）•GOLD RUSH （淘金潮）•FORTY-NINERS （旧金山四九人）•THE CIVIL WAR (1861~1865) （南北战争）•RESULTS OF THE CIVIAL WAR （南北战争的后果）•RECONSTRUCTION（战后重建期）•THE CATTLE KINGDOM OF THE GREAT PLAINS （美国中部大平原上的畜牧王国）•THE HOMESTEAD ACT （安居法案）•SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR (1898) （美西战争）•ROARING TWENTIES 1920’s （辉煌的20年代）•THE FLAMING YOUTH （跳跃的烈火青春）•PROHIBITION （禁酒时期）•MAFIA （黑手党）•THE DECLINE OF THE PROHIBITION MOVEMENT （禁酒令的废除）•THE ECONOMY-BOOM AND BUST （美国二零年代：经济的飙长与迅速萧条）•GREAT DEPRESSION （经济大萧条）•CIVILIAN CONSERVATION CORPS（CCC公共资源保护队）•WORLD WAR II (1939~1945) （二次世界大战）•POPULATION BOOM IN THE WEST （战后的人口西拓）第3堂American Culture & Life & City（美国文化、生活与都市）•AMERICA'S QUILTING HISTORY （美国棉被的历史）•THE QUILTING BEE （殖民时期妇女们缝棉被聚会）•FOLK CULTURE V.S. POPULAR CULTURE （民俗文化与大众文化）•POPULAR CULTURE （大众文化）•FAMILY CHANGE （家庭的改变）•BABY BOOM GENERATION （婴儿潮世代）•HANDEDNESS （使用右手的习惯）•THE GROWTH OF CITIES （城市的形成）•URBAN CONSERVATION （城市的保护与维持）•URBAN RENEWAL （都市更新）•THE DEVELOPMENT OF ILLUMINATION （照明的发展）•HOTEL （旅馆）•POSTAL SERVICE （邮政）•HISTORY OF POSTAL SERVICES IN THE UNITED STATES （美国邮政的历史）•THE PONY EXPRESS （小马快递）•EDUCATION & SCHOOLING （受教育与上学）•SUCCESS VS. HIGHER EDUCATION （成功与高学历）•FOOD PRESERVATION （食物保存）•THE HISTORY OF FOOD PRESERVATION （食物保存的历史）•ICEBOX （冰箱）•LINSEY-WOOLSEY （棉毛织品）•NEW ENGLAND FURNITURE （新英格兰家具）•NEW YORK CITY （纽约）•MANHATTAN （曼哈顿）•ROCKEFELLER CENTER （洛克斐勒中心）•THE STATUE OF LIBERTY （自由女神像）•HISTORY OF NEW YORK CITY （纽约的历史）•FORMATION OF GREATER NEW YORK （大纽约地区的形成）•SUSPENSION BRIDGE （吊桥）•ERIE CANAL （伊利运河）•PHILADEPHIA （费城）•BENJAMIN FRANKLIN （班杰明•富兰克林）•AMISH （门诺教）•CHICAGO （芝加哥）•THE GREAT CHICAGO FIRE （芝加哥大火）•GREAT LAKES （五大湖）•HOW THE LAKES WERE FORMED （五大湖如何形成）•WATER ROUTES TO THE SEA （通往大海的水道）•MISSISSIPPI RIVER （密西西比河）•NEW ORLEANS （纽奥良）•LOS ANGELES （洛杉矶）•UNCLE SAM （山姆大叔）•MOUNT RUSHMORE NATIONAL MEMORIAL （罗斯摩尔山国家纪念公园）•WAR OF THE WORLDS （世界大战小说对传播媒体的影响）•THANKSGIVING DAY （感恩节）•BLACK FRIDAY （黑色星期五）•FACTORY OUTLET （畅货中心）•MACY’S THANKSGIVING DA Y PARADE （纽约梅西百货：感恩节大游行）•GROUNDHOG DA Y （土拨鼠日）•CHRISTMAS （圣诞节）第4堂ARTS：PAINTING（艺术：西洋艺术史）•THE ARTS （艺术介绍）•FINE ARTS （纯艺术）•APPLIED ARTS （应用艺术）•THE REASONS FOR ART （为何人们需要懂得欣赏艺术）•WHAT PAINTERS PAINT （绘画的内容）•MATERIALS （绘画的材料）•THINNERS （稀释剂）•BRUSHES （笔刷）•TECHNIQUES （绘画的技法）•THE TRANSITION OF THE MURAL（壁画的转变）•TEMPERA PAINTING （蛋彩画）•ACRYLIC PAINT （压克力颜料画）•THE HISTORY OF PAINTING （(西洋绘画史：一场理性与感性交替的知性美)）•PREHISTORIC PAINTING （史前绘画）•EGYPTIAN PAINTING （埃及绘画）•AEGEAN PAINTING （爱琴海绘画）•GREEK PAINTING （希腊绘画）•ROMAN PAINTING （罗马绘画）•MEDIEVAL PAINTING （中古世纪绘画）•GOTHIC PAINTING （哥德式绘画）•STAINED-GLASS WINDOWS （彩绘玻璃）•HOW STAINED-GLASS WINDOWS ARE MADE （如何制作彩绘玻璃）•RENAISSANCE （文艺复兴运动）•LEONARDO DA VINCI （李奥纳多•达文西）•RAPHAEL （拉婓尔）•MANNERISM （风格主义）•BAROQUE （巴洛克）•CLASSICISM （古典主义）•ROCOCO PAINTING （洛可可式绘画）•NEOCLASSICISM （新古典主义）•ROMANTICISM （浪漫主义）•REALISM （写实主义）•MODERN ART （现代艺术）•IMPRESSIONISM （印象派）•NEW VISUAL SOURCES （新的视觉来源）•UKIYO-E (PICTURES OF THE FLOATING WORLD) （浮世绘）•PAINTING IN AMERICAN COLONIES （美国殖民时期的绘画）•FOLK ART (1780~1860) （民俗艺术）•HUDSON RIVER SCHOOL (1835 TO 1870) （哈德逊流派）•MARY CASSATT （玛莉•卡莎特）•POSTIMPRESSIONISM （后印象派）•SYMBOLISM （象征主义）•THE FAUVES （野兽派）•CUBISM （立体派）•EXPRESSIONISM （表现主义）•DADAISM （达达主义）•SURREALISM （超现实主义）•THE 1900'S IN NORTH AMERICA （1900年代的北美）•REGIONALISM （地区主义）•POP ART （普普艺术）•PERFORMANCE ART （表演艺术）•NEOEXPRESSIONISM （新表现主义）•CARTOON （卡通）•COMIC STRIP （连环漫画）•KINDS OF CARTOONS （卡通的种类）第5堂Arts：Architecture 艺术：西洋建筑史•POTTERY （陶器）•TYPES OF POTTERY （陶器的种类）•TERRA COTTA （赤陶）•THE HISTORY OF POTTERY （陶器的历史）•CERAMICS （制陶）•SCULPTURE （雕刻）•THE IMPORTANCE OF SCULPTURE （雕刻艺术的重要性）•CARYATIDS & GARGOYLES （女像柱及滴水兽）•MOVEMENT （动态体现）•EGYPTIAN SCULPTURE （埃及雕刻）•CAST AND CASTING （铸造）•METAL SCULPTURE （金属雕刻）•GLASS （艺术玻璃）•GLASS HISTORY （玻璃的历史）•FIBERGLASS （玻璃纤维）•DIRECT CARVING （直接雕刻）•ARCHITECTURE （建筑）•EARLY ARCHITECTURE （早期的建筑）•MESOPOTAMIAN ARCHITECTURE （美索不达米亚的建筑）•EGYPTIAN ARCHITECTURE （埃及建筑）•THE GREAT SPHINX （人面狮身像）•PRE-COLUMBIAN ARCHITECTURE （哥伦布时期前建筑）•THATCHING （茅草屋）•CLASSICAL ARCHITECTURE （古典建筑）•MINOAN ARCHITECTURE （迈诺安文明的建筑）•ENTABLATURE （柱顶楣构）•CLASSICAL GREEK ARCHITECTURE （古典希腊建筑）•DORIC STYLE （古希腊柱子1：多利斯式）•IONIC STYLE （古希腊柱子2：爱奥尼亚式）•CORINTHIAN STYLE （古希腊柱子3：科林斯式）•ROMAN ARCHITECTURE （罗马建筑）•ARCH AND VAULT （拱门与拱顶）•MEDIEVAL ARCHITECTURE （中古世纪建筑）•EARLY CHRISTIAN ARCHITECTURE （早期基督教建筑）•BYZANTINE ARCHITECTURE （拜占庭建筑）•ROMANESQUE ARCHITECTURE （罗马式建筑）•GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE （哥德式建筑）•RENAISSANCE ARCHITECTURE （文艺复兴时期建筑）•LATER RENAISSANCE ARCHITECTURE （文艺复兴后期建筑）•BAROQUE ARCHITECTURE （巴洛克建筑）•ROCOCO ARCHITECTURE （洛可可建筑）•THE PALLADIAN REVIVAL （帕拉迪奥复兴运动）•NEOCLASSICAL ARCHITECTURE （新古典主义建筑）•COLONIAL ARCHITECTURE IN AMERICA （美国殖民时期建筑）•WASHINGTON, D.C. （美国首府的历史与建筑）•MARINE CORPS WAR MEMORIAL （美国海军陆战队战争纪念碑）•UNITED STATES CAPITOL （美国国会大厦）•WHITE HOUSE （白宫）•THE CRYSTAL PALACE （第一届世界博览会建筑：水晶宫）•THE GREEK REVIVAL （希腊复兴运动）•THE GOTHIC REVIVAL （哥德式复兴运动）•MODERN ARCHITECTURE （现代建筑）•THE ARTS AND CRAFTS MOVEMENT （艺术与手工艺运动）•EARLY MODERN ARCHITECTURE IN AMERICA （美国早期现代建筑）•SKYSCRAPER （摩天大楼）•BAUHAUS （包浩斯学派）•FRANK LLOYD WRIGHT （建筑师：法兰克．洛伊．莱特）•THE ART NOUVEAU STYLE (1890-1910) （新艺术风）•FUNCTIONALISM （实用主义）•ART DECO （装饰性艺术）•EGYPTIAN REVIVAL （埃及复兴时期）•THE INTERNATIONAL STYLE （国际风格）•POSTMODERNISM （后现代主义）第6堂ARTS：MUSIC & DANCE（艺术：西洋音乐与舞蹈）•THE IMPORTANCE OF MUSIC （音乐的重要性）•THE ELEMENTS OF MUSIC （音乐元素）•ABSOLUTE PITCH （绝对音高）•MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS （乐器）•STRINGED INSTRUMENTS （弦乐器）•WIND INSTRUMENTS （管乐器）•PERCUSSION INSTRUMENTS （打击乐器）•KEYBOARD INSTRUMENTS （键盘乐器）•ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENTS （电子乐器）•MUSICAL NOTATION （乐谱）•WESTERN MUSIC （西洋音乐）•CLASSICAL MUSIC （古典乐）•INSTRUMENTAL MUSIC （演奏乐）•MAIN TYPES OF ORCHESTRAL MUSIC （管弦乐的主要型态）•VOCAL MUSIC （声乐）•CLASSICAL MUSIC FORMS （古典乐的形式）•POPULAR MUSIC （流行音乐）•THE HISTORY OF POPULAR MUSIC （流行音乐史）•THE COLONIAL PERIOD (1607-1776) （美国殖民时期）•REVOLUTIONARY WAR TO 1840 （美国独立战争～1840年）•1840'S TO THE CIVIL WAR （1840年代～南北战争）•THE CIVIL WAR (1861-1865) （南北战争）•VAUDEVILLE AND MUSICAL COMEDY （综艺秀与音乐歌舞轻喜剧）•FOLK MUSIC （民俗音乐）•KINDS OF FOLK MUSIC （民俗音乐的种类）•BLUES （蓝调）•THE HISTORY OF JAZZ （爵士乐的历史）•THE ROOTS OF JAZZ （爵士乐的根源）•RAGTIME （雷格乐）•THE SWING ERA （摇摆时代）•THE RECORDING ERA （留声年代）•THE RISE OF COUNTRY MUSIC （乡村音乐的兴起）•RHYTHM AND BLUES （节奏蓝调）•ROCK 'N' ROLL （摇滚乐）•RAY CHARLES （雷．查尔斯）•SOUL MUSIC （灵魂乐）•RAP （饶舌）•DANCE （舞蹈）•FOLK DANCES （民俗舞蹈）•SOCIAL DANCES （社交舞）•BALLET （芭蕾）•MODERN DANCE （现代舞）•MUSICAL COMEDY （音乐剧）•TAP DANCING （踢踏舞）第7堂Economics（经济学）•CAPITALISM （资本主义）•GDP （国内生产总值）•CENTRAL PLANNING （政府控制经济型式）•INCOME （所得／收益）•PUBLIC UTILITIES （公用事业）•ECONOMIC STABILITY （经济稳定）•THE FED （美国联邦准备理事会）•EUROPEAN FOUNDATIONS OF U.S. BUSINESS （美洲商业活动的欧洲基金）•HISTORY OF AMERICAN ECONOMICS （美国经济史）•MONOPOLY AND COMPETITION （垄断与竞争）•ANTITRUST LAWS （反托拉斯法）•ADVERTISING （广告）•WAYS OF ADVERTISING （广告的各种型式）•DIRECT MAIL （直接邮寄）•ADVERTISING TECHNIQUES （广告手法）•HISTORY OF TRANSPORTATION （运输的发展史）•PREHISTORIC TIMES （史前时代）•ANCIENT GREECE AND ROME （古希腊及罗马）•THE MIDDLE AGES （中世纪时期）•THE AGE OF OVERSEAS EXPANSION （海外扩张时期）•DEVELOPMENT OF INLAND TRANSPORT （内陆运输的发展）•THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER （密西西比河）•ROAD （公路）•TURNPIKE （收费公路）•THE STEAM AGE （蒸气时代）•STEAM ENGINE （蒸气机）•HISTORY OF RAILROAD （铁路发展史）•DEVELOPMENTS IN THE UNITED STATES （美国铁路的发展）•THE FIRST TRANSCONTINENTAL RAIL LINES （第一条横贯美洲大陆的铁路）•SLEEPING CAR （卧车）•U.S. STEEL: CARNEGIE & MORGAN （美国钢铁大王：摩根与卡内基）•THE 1920'S AND THE GREAT DEPRESSION （1920年代以及经济大萧条）•AMTRAK （美国国家铁路客运公司）•THE BEGINNINGS OF MODERN TRANSPORTATION （现代交通的源起）•AIRPLANE （飞机）•FIRST HUMAN FLIGHTS （人类的第一次飞行）•THE WRIGHT BROTHERS （莱特兄弟）•PRINCIPLES OF FLIGHT （飞行的原理）•CREATING LIFT （创造上升力）•DRAG AND THRUST （拖曳力与推进力）•AIRSHIP （飞船）•THE HINDENBURG （兴登堡号事件）•AUTOMOBILE （汽车）第8堂Communication（传播）•THE DEVELOPMENT OF COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEMS （传播的发展）•WRITING （文字的历史）•PICTOGRAMS （图像文字）•CUNEIFORM （楔形文字）•SYLLABIC WRITING SYSTEM （音节书写系统的出现）•HIEROGLYPHICS (HOLY + CARVING) （象形文字）•ROSETTA STONE （解开埃及象形文字之谜：罗塞塔石）•IDEOGRAPHY （表意文字）•LOGOGRAPHY （词符文字）•BONE AND SHELL SCRIPT （甲骨文）•REBUS （画谜）•ALPHABET （字母表）•MANUSCRIPT （手写稿）•PAPYRUS （纸莎草纸）•WAX TABLETS （蜡板）•PARCHMENT （羊皮纸）•BOOK OF HOURS （每日礼赞）•PAPER MANUSCRIPTS （纸本手稿）•TS'AI LUN （蔡伦造纸）•THE DEVELOPMENT OF PRINTED BOOKS （印刷术的发展）•THE INVENTION OF MOVABLE TYPE （活字印刷的发明）•GRAPHIC ARTS （印花艺术）•ETCHING （蚀刻）•PRINTMAKING （刻板印刷－版画）•BROADSIDE （刻板印刷－大报板式）•THE DEVELOPMENT OF JOURNALISM （新闻业的进展）•NEWSPAPERS （报纸的历史）•WEATHER MAPS ON NEWSPAPER （报纸上的天气图）•PAPARAZZI （狗仔队）•PULITZER, PRIZES （普利兹奖）•PERIODICALS （期刊）•MAGAZINES VS NEWSPAPERS （杂志VS报纸）•THE INVENTION OF PHOTOGRAPHY FURTHER AIDED COMMUNICATION （摄影的发明促进传播的发展）•THE PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESS （摄影的发展）•THE HISTORY OF PHOTOGRAPHY （摄影的历史）•PINHOLE CAMERA （针孔照相机）•RIGHT OF PRIVACY （隐私权）•THE ELECTRIC TELEGRAPH （电报的发明）•TELEPHONE （电话的发明）•OTHER INVENTIONS OF THE LATE 1800 （1800晚期的其它发明）•THE DEVELOPMENT OF ELECTRONICS （电子学的发展）•THE INVENTION OF RADIO （广播的发明）•THE DEVELOPMENT OF TELEVISION （电视的发明）•THE DEVELOPMENT OF FIBER OPTICS （光纤的发展）•OPTICAL FIBERS FOR MEDICAL USE （光纤在医学上的利用）•MOTION PICTURES （电影）•HOW MOTION PICTURES ARE MADE （电影如何制作）•MOVEMENT （电影的精髓：纪录动作）•THE HISTORY OF MOTION PICTURES （电影的历史）•EARLY MOTION PICTURES （早期的电影）•D. W. GRIFFITH （戴维‧沃克葛里‧菲斯）•AFTER WORLD WAR I （一次世界大战之后）•THE MOVIES TALK （有声电影的发展）•MOVIES IN THE 1930'S （1930年代的电影）康老师~背景知识大讲堂(二) 自然科学篇第1堂ASTRONOMY （天文学）♦OBSERVATORY （天文台）♦PLANETARIUM （天文馆）♦NASA （美国太空总署）♦UNIVERSE OR COSMOS （宇宙）♦THE BIG BANG THEORY （宇宙的起源：大霹雳理论）♦GALAXIES （银河）♦NEBULA （星云）♦REDSHIFT （红移现象）♦EDWIN HUBBLE（天文学家：哈伯）♦BLUESHIFT （蓝移现象）♦DOPPLER EFFECT （多普勒效应）♦QUASARS （类星体）♦GAMMA-RAY ASTRONOMY （珈玛射线天文学）♦VISIBLE-LIGHT (OPTICAL) ASTRONOMY （观测天文学）♦REFLECTING TELESCOPE （反射式望远镜）♦THE HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE (HST) （哈伯太空望远镜）♦STUDY OF OTHER EMISSIONS （其它放射的研究）♦STARS （恒星）♦STELLAR EVOLUTION （星体演化）♦KINDS OF STARS （星体种类）♦HERTZSPRUNG-RUSSELL DIAGRAM （赫罗图）♦MAIN-SEQUENCE STARS （主序星）♦GIANT AND SUPERGIANT （巨星与超巨星）♦CEPHEID VARIABLE STARS （造父变星）♦NOVAS （新星）♦NEUTRON STARS AND PULSARS （中子星与脉冲星）♦BLACK HOLE （黑洞）♦BETA PICTORIS （绘架座β）♦THE SOLAR SYSTEM （太阳系）♦THE TERRESTRIAL PLANETS （类地行星）♦THE JOVIAN PLANETS （类木行星）♦MARS （火星）♦JUPITER （木星）♦COMET SHOEMAKER-LEVY 9 COLLISION WITH JUPITER （修梅克－利瓦伊9号彗星撞击木星）♦EUROPA （木卫二－欧罗巴）♦SATURN （土星）♦PLUTO （冥王星）♦THE KUIPER BELT （库伯带）♦COMETS （彗星）♦ASTEROID （小行星）♦THE SUN （太阳）♦ZONES OF THE SUN （太阳的结构）♦SUNSPOTS （太阳黑子）♦ENERGY OUTPUT FROM THE SUN （由太阳散发出来的能量）♦REVOLVES / ROTATE （公转／自转）♦SOLSTICE / EQUINOX （夏冬至／春秋分）♦PHASES OF THE MOON （月亮盈缺）♦MOON （月球）♦ALBEDO （反照率）♦LUNAR SEA (MARIA) （月亮海）♦ARMSTRONG （阿姆斯特朗）♦SURFACE OF THE MOON （月球表面）♦ORIGIN OF THE MOON （月球的起源）♦SOLAR ECLIPSE （日蚀）♦LUNAR ECLIPSE （月蚀）♦METEORS （流星）♦THE CONSTELLATIONS （星座）♦ASTROLOGY （占星学）♦PSEUDOSCIENCE （伪科学）第2堂Geology（地质学）♦INTERNAL STRUCTURE OF THE EARTH （地球内部的构造）♦PLATE TECTONICS （板块构造论）♦THE THEORY OF CONTINENTAL DRIFT （大陆飘移学说）♦CONTINENTAL CRUST （大陆板块）♦OCEANIC CRUST （海洋板块）♦THE MID-ATLANTIC RIDGE （中洋脊）♦SEAFLOOR SPREADING （海洋板块拓展）♦HOT SPOT （热点）♦CALDERA （巨型火山口）♦VOLCANIC MATERIALS （火山喷发的物质）♦LAVA （岩浆）♦MOUNT SAINT HELENS: FIRE AND ICE （圣海伦火山：火与冰的完美平衡）♦VOLCANOES AND PLATE TECTONICS （火山与大陆漂移）♦THE RING OF FIRE （环太平洋火山带）♦PREDICTING ERUPTIONS （火山爆发的预测）♦TSUNAMI （海啸）♦THE YEAR WITHOUT A SUMMER （无夏之年）♦GEYSER （间歇泉）♦CATASTROPHE （大灾难）♦THREE MAIN TYPES OF PLATE BOUNDARIES （三种主要型态的板块边缘）♦DIVERGENT PLATE BOUNDARIES （分离板块边缘）♦GREAT RIFT VALLEY IN AFRICA （东非大裂谷）♦CONVERGENT PLATE BOUNDARIES （聚合板块边缘）♦TRANSFORM PLATE BOUNDARIES （转形板块边缘）♦SAN ANDREAS FAULT, CALIFORNIA （加州圣安德鲁斯断层）♦TRIPLE JUNCTIONS （三向联结构造）♦CURRENT PLATE MOVEMENT （现今地球板块的移动）♦EARTHQUAKE （地震）♦SEISMOLOGY （地震学）♦SEISMOGRAPH （地震仪）♦FOCUS / HYPOCENTER （震源）♦EPICENTER （震央）♦FAULT （断层）♦EARTHQUAKE SCALES: RICHTER （苪氏地震仪）♦THE EARTH’S FOUR COM PONENT SYSTEMS （地球的四种组成系统）♦PETROLOGY （岩石学）♦WROCK （岩石）♦ORE （矿石）♦HYDROSPHERE （水圈）♦BIOSPHERE （生物圈）♦STRATIGRAPHY （地层学）♦THE GEOLOGIC TIME SCALE （地质年代表）♦COAL FORMATION （煤矿的形成）♦FUEL （燃料）第3堂Geography（地理学）♦EARLY GEOGRAPHY （早期地理学）♦MAP LEGEND （地图图例）♦TOPOGRAPHY / TERRAIN （地形）♦RELIEF （地貌）♦THE CONTOUR LINES （等高线）♦HEMISPHERE （半球）♦HORIZON （地平线）♦LATITUDE AND LONGITUDE （纬度和经度）♦ATLAS （地图集）♦NEW ENGLAND （新英格兰）♦APPALACHIAN MOUNTAINS （阿帕拉契山脉）♦THE GREAT BASIN （大草原）♦DEATH VALLEY （死亡谷）♦CLIMATE AND PHYSIOGRAPHY （气侯与地貌学）♦THE GRAND CANYON （大峡谷）♦SOIL （土壤）♦COMPOSITION OF SOIL (INORGANIC MATERIAL) （土壤的成分－无机物质）♦COMPOSITION OF SOIL (ORGANIC MATERIAL) （土壤的成分－有机物质）♦STAGES OF SOIL FORMATION （土壤形成的阶段）♦CLAY （黏土）♦EROSION （侵蚀）♦LANDSLIDES AND MASS-WASTING （山崩与块体崩移）♦CLASSIFICATIONS OF MASS-WASTING （块体崩移的分类）♦WEATHERING （风化）♦TWO TYPES OF WEATHERING （风化的两种类型）♦DESERTIFICATION （沙漠化）♦THE DUST BOWL （尘盆）♦DUST STORM （沙尘爆）♦DESERT （沙漠）♦WORLD DESERT REGIONS （世界各地的沙漠区域）♦DESERT BIOMES （沙漠的生物群系）♦COASTAL DESERTS （海岸边的沙漠）♦SAND DUNE （沙丘）♦SALTATION （沙的跃动）♦STALACTITE （钟乳石）♦STALAGMITE （石笋）第4堂METEOROLOGY（气象学）♦CLIMATE （气候）♦WHY CLIMATES VARY （为什么会有气候变化）♦CLIMATE CHANGE （气候的变化）♦GLACIER （冰河）♦SURGING GLACIERS （跃动的冰河）♦GLACIAL EROSION （冰河的侵蚀作用）♦ICEBERG （冰山）♦GLACIERS AND CLIMATE CHANGE （冰河与气候变化）♦HISTORY OF GLACIATION ON EARTH （地球的冰河作用历史）♦ICE AGE （冰河期）♦ATMOSPHERE COMPOSITION （大气结构）♦EL NINO （圣婴现象）♦CLIMATE WITHOUT EL NINO （没有圣婴现象时的气候）♦CLIMATE WITH EL NINO （圣婴现象发生时的气候）♦AIR TEMPERATURE （气温）♦CELSIUS OR FAHRENHEIT （摄氏与华氏）♦AIR PRESSURE （气压）♦MERCURY BAROMETER （水银气压计）♦DIVISIONS OF THE ATMOSPHERE （大气层的结构）♦TROPOSPHERE （对流层）♦STRATOSPHERE （同温层）♦THE OZONE LAYER （臭氧层）♦GREENHOUSE EFFECT （温室效应）♦THE KYŌTO PROTOCOL （京都议定书）♦THE WATER CYCLE （水文循环）♦PRECIPITATION （降雨）♦WIND （风）♦WIND TYPES （风的类型）♦THE PREVAILING WINDS （盛行风）♦DOLDRUMS （赤道无风带）♦THE TRADE WINDS （信风）♦THE SEASONAL WINDS （季节性的风）♦MONSOON （季风）♦THE LOCAL WINDS （地域性的风）♦BREEZE （微风）♦TROPICAL CYCLONE （热带气旋）♦NAMING TROPICAL STORMS CONVENTIONS （热带暴风命名的惯例）♦HUMIDITY （湿度）♦SPECIAL METEOROLOGICAL INSTRUMENTS （特殊的气象学工具）♦DOPPLER RADAR （度普勒雷达）♦THE INTERTROPICAL CONVERGENCE ZONE (ITCZ) （间热带辐合带）♦CLOUDS （云）♦AIR MASS （气团）♦FRONT （锋面）♦ A COLD FRONT （冷锋）♦ A WARM FRONT （暖锋）♦ A STATIONARY FRONT （滞留锋）♦AN OCCLUDED FRONT （囚锢锋）♦ATMOSPHERIC OPTICS （大气光学）♦MIRAGE （海市蜃楼）♦RAINBOW （彩虹）♦LIGHTNING （闪电）♦HOW LIGHTNING DEVELOPS （闪电形成）♦ A CHANNEL FROM THE GROUND （闪电从地上至天上的通道）♦THE RETURN STROKE （回反闪击）♦THUNDER （雷）♦LIGHTNING ROD （避雷针）♦AURORA （极光）♦THE AURORA BOREALIS （北极光）♦THE AURORA AUSTRALIS （南极光）♦ANTARCTICA （南极）♦ANTARCTIC ICE SHEET/ CAP （南极冰原／冰帽）♦SNOW （雪）♦HOW SNOW FORMS （雪花的形成）♦DIAMOND DUST （钻石尘）第5堂OCEANOGRAPHY（海洋学）♦OCEAN BASIN STRUCTURE （海洋结构）♦THE DEEP-SEA FLOOR （海床）♦DEEP-SEA EXPLORATION （深海探测）♦DIVING （潜水）♦DANGERS OF UNDERWATER DIVING （深海潜水的危险）♦THE DEEP-SEA ENVIRONMENT （深海环境）♦LIFE IN THE DEEP SEA （深海中的生物）♦HYDROTHERMAL VENT （热液喷口－海底火山）♦FORMATION OF AN OCEANIC RIDGE （海洋山脉的形成）♦DATING TECHNIQUES （年代测定技术）♦COMPOSITION OF SEAWATER （海水成分）♦OCEAN CURRENTS （洋流）♦VERTICAL OCEAN CIRCULATION （垂直海洋环流）♦UPWELLING （上升流）♦THERMOHALINE CIRCULATION （温盐环流）♦SEASHORE （海岸）♦WETLANDS （湿地）♦EVERGLADES （佛罗里达的湿地）♦MANGAL （红树林区）♦ESTUARY （河口）♦LAGOON （舄湖）♦DELTA （三角洲）♦EUTROPHICATION （优氧化）♦BREAKWATER （防波堤）♦WATER （水）♦WATER PROPERTIE （水的特性）♦IONIZING AGENTS （游离剂）♦WATER DESALINIZATION （淡水化）♦TAPPING WATER SOURCES （自来水源）♦AQUEDUCT （引水渠）♦DAM （水库）♦RESERVOIR （蓄水库）♦OUTLET WORKS （出水工）♦HOOVER DAM （胡佛水坝）♦THE THREE GORGES DAM （三峡大坝）♦HYDROELECTRIC DAM （水电大坝）♦SPILLWAY （泄洪道）♦BOAT PASSING THROUGH CANAL LOCK （船只通过运河水闸）♦ECOLOGICAL IMPACT OF DAMS （水库对环境的冲击）♦FISH LADDERS （鱼梯）第6堂MARINE BIOLOGY （海洋生物学）MARINE LIFE （海洋生物）PLANKTON （浮游生物）ICHTHYOLOGY （鱼类学）LIFE ZONES OF THE OCEAN （海洋生态各分层）MOLLUSK （软件动物）CEPHALOPOD （头足类动物）NAUTILUS （鹦鹉螺）SQUID （鱿鱼）MARINE MAMMALS （海洋哺乳动物）SEA OTTER （海獭）WHALE （鲸）TYPES OF WHALES (TOOTHED WHALES / BALEEN WHALES) （鲸鱼的种类－齿鲸／须鲸）SPERM WHALES （抹香鲸）NARWHALS （角鲸）GENERALIZED ANATOMY OF A WHALE （鲸鱼的一般性剖析）HEARING （鲸鱼的听觉）VISION （鲸鱼的视觉）ORIGIN OF WHALES （鲸鱼的起源）THREATS TO WHALES （鲸鱼的威胁）SENSE ORGANS OF WHALES （鲸鱼的感官器官）DOLPHIN INTELLIGENCE （海豚的智力）ECHOLOCATION （回音定位）MARINE MAMMAL VOCALIZATIONS: LANGUAGE OR BEHAVIOR （海洋哺乳动物的声音：是语言还是行为?）MANATEE（海牛）[DUGONG] （懦艮）CAN FISHES HEAR? （鱼的听觉）FLATFISH （比目鱼）STARFISH （海星）ECHINODERMS （棘皮动物）SEA CUCUMBER （海参）CRUSTACEAN （甲壳类）BARNACLE （藤壶）SEA ANEMONE （海葵）SPONGE （海绵）THE BODIES OF SPONGES （海绵的身体）ALGAE （海藻）LICHEN （地衣）CORALS （珊瑚）SYNCHRONIZED SPAWNING （珊瑚同步大量产卵）AMPHIBIAN （两栖动物）3 MAIN AMPHIBIAN GROUPS (FROGS AND TOADS, SALAMANDERS, CAECILIANS) （三种主要的两栖族群－青蛙与蟾蜍；蜥蜴；蚓螈）FROG LIFE CYCLE （青蛙生命周期）THE MYSTERY OF AMPHIBIAN DECLINES （两栖类动物衰亡的迷思）BEAVER （海狸）POLAR BEAR （北极熊）第7堂CHEMISTRY（化学）♦ALCHEMY （炼金术：现代化学的起源）♦EVERYDAY APPLICATIONS OF CHEMISTRY （化学的日常运用）♦PHYSICAL CHANGES （物理变化）♦CHEMICAL CHANGE （化学变化）♦ELEMENTS （化学元素）♦FORMATION OF THE PERIODIC TABLE （周期表的形成）♦THE STRUCTURE OF ATOMS （原子的结构）♦QUARKS （夸克）♦ISOTOPE （同位素）♦MOLECULE （分子）♦COMPOUNDS （化合物）♦ION （离子）♦VALENCE （原子价）♦RADIOACTIVITY （放射线）♦CURIE, MARIE SKLODOWSKA （居礼夫人）♦QUANTUM MECHANICS （量子力学）♦TITANIUM （钛）♦TITANIUM DIOXIDE （二氧化钛）♦NICKEL （镍）♦SHAPE MEMORY ALLOYS (SMA’S) （形状记忆合金）♦GOLD （黄金）♦MERCURY （水银）♦DIAMOND （钻石）♦DIAMONDS : THE REAL STORY （一个美丽钻石背后的真实故事）♦CARAT VS KARAT （克拉与Ｋ）♦POLYMER （聚合物）♦CHARCOAL （木炭）♦PETROLEUM （石油）♦REFINING OIL （炼油）♦SALT （盐）♦SALT FROM THE SEA （海盐）第8堂：PHYSICS （物理学）MECHANICS （力学）HEAT （热）HOW HEAT TRAVELS （热如何传导）LATENT HEAT （潜伏热）Insulation （绝缘体）PUTTING HEAT TO WORK （热的运用）PHLOGISTON （热素）SOUND （声音）⏹FREQUENCY AND PITCH （声音频率与音高）⏹SUPERSONIC SPEED （超音速）⏹WAVELENGTH （声音波长）⏹INTENSITY AND LOUDNESS （声音强度与响度）⏹QUALITY （音质）HOW SOUND BEHAVES （声音如何运作）REFLECTION （反射）ECHO & NARCISSUS （回音与水仙花：一段希腊罗马神话的爱情故事） ELECTRICITY （电）STATIC ELECTRICITY （静电）CONDUCTORS AND INSULATORS （导体与绝缘体）SUPERCONDUCTOR （超导体）SEMICONDUCTOR （半导体）ELECTRIC CURRENT （电流）DIRECT AND ALTERNATING CURRENT （直流电与交流电）ELECTRIC LIGHTING （电灯）ELECTROMAGNETISM （电磁）MAGNETISM （磁力）MAGNETIC FIELDS （磁场）HOW MAGNETISM WORKS （磁力如何作用）USES OF MAGNETS AND MAGNETISM （磁铁与磁力的运用）MRI （核磁共振）THE CORE AND EARTH’S MAGNETISM （地核和地球的磁力）WHEN NORTH GOES SOUTH （地磁的南北极交替）LIGHT （光）PHOTON （光子）BIOLUMINESCENCE （生物体发光）LASER （雷射）THE HISTORY OF LASER （雷射的历史）SPECTRUM （光谱）HOW LIGHT BEHAVES （光如何运作）REFLECTION, REFRACTION, AND ABSORPTION （反射、折射与吸收） TRANSPARENT （透明）LIGHT IN THE SEA （海洋的光线）NUCLEAR PHYSICS （核物理学）CORIOLIS EFFECT （科氏力）COHESION （内聚力）ADHESION （附着力）SURFACE TENSION （表面张力）COHESION-TENSION THEORY （内聚压力理论） FOURTH DIMENSION （第四度空间）RELATIVITY （相对论）康老师~背景知识大讲堂(三) 生物科学篇第1堂BIOLOGY（生物学）⏹PHYSIOLOGY （生理学）⏹BIOCHEMISTRY （生物化学）⏹HISTORY OF BIOLOGY （生物学史）⏹THE ORIGINS OF SCIENTIFIC CLASSIFICATION （生物科学分类的起源）⏹CLASSIFICATION （生物的分类）⏹SYSTEMATICS / TAXONOMY （生物分类学）⏹THE TAXONOMIC HIERARCHY （生物分类的层级）⏹BIODIVERSITY （物种多元性）⏹NTERCONNECTEDNESS OF THE LIVING WORLD （生命的交互联系性）⏹THE GROWING THREAT OF INVASIVE SPECIES （外来物种对生长的威胁）⏹THE PLIGHT OF THE LAKE VICTORIA CICHLIDS （外来物种：维多利亚湖七彩鱼的困境）⏹THE ZEBRA MUSSEL （外来物种：斑马贻贝）⏹PURPLE LOOSESTRIFE （外来物种：紫色马鞭草）⏹METAMORPHOSIS （变态）⏹COMPLETE METAMORPHOSIS （完全变态）⏹INCOMPLETE METAMORPHOSIS （不完全变态）⏹ECOLOGY （生态学）⏹ECOSYSTEM （生态系统）⏹ECOTONE （群落交错区）⏹FOOD WEB (CHAIN) （食物链）⏹SYMBIOSIS （共生）⏹ALTRUISM （利他主义）⏹BIOLOGICAL ALTRUISM （生物利他主义）⏹AGAINST DARWIN? （达尔文错了吗?）⏹SOURCES OF ENERGY （能源的种类）⏹NUCLEAR ENERGY （核能）⏹WOOD （木材）⏹ALTERNATIVE ENERGY （替代能源）⏹WATER POWER （水力）⏹SOLAR ENERGY （太阳能）⏹WIND POWER （风力）⏹TIDAL ENERGY （潮汐能）⏹GRAVITATIONAL FORCE V.S. INERTIA （引力V.S.惯性）⏹SPRING TIDES （大潮）⏹NEAP TIDES （小潮）⏹GEOTHERMAL POWER （地热能）⏹HYDROGEN （氢）⏹NATIONAL PARK SYSTEM （国家公园系统）⏹THE FIRST NATIONAL PARK （全美第一座国家公园）⏹NATIONAL MARINE SANCTUARIES PROGRAM （海洋保护区）第2堂EVOLUTION （演化）CHARLES DARWIN （查尔斯．达尔文）THE ORIGIN OF LIFE （生命的起源）THE EARLY EARTH （早期的地球）RELIGIOUS EXPLANATIONS （生命的起源：宗教的解释）THE THEORY OF SPONTANEOUS GENERATION （生命的起源：自然生成理论）MODERN THEORIES （生命的起源：现代的理论）ORIGINS OF ANIMALS （动物的起源）COEVOLUTION （共同演化）SPECIATION （物种形成）EXTINCTION （物种灭绝）PALEONTOLOGY （古生物学）FOSSILS （化石）STRATIGRAPHY （地层学）INDEX FOSSILS （指准化石）STRATIGRAPHIC COLUMN （地层年代／地层剖面）THE CAMBRIAN PERIOD （寒武纪）THE DEVONIAN PERIOD （泥盆纪）THE CARBONIFEROUS PERIOD （石炭纪）THE MESOZOIC ERA （中生代）TRIASSIC PERIOD （三迭纪）JURASSIC PERIOD （侏罗纪）CHINA’S FEATHERED DINOSAURS (SINOSAUROPTERYX) （中国的有羽恐龙－中华龙鸟）ARCHAEOPTERYX （始祖鸟）EVOLUTION OF FEATHERS （羽毛的演化）FIERCE MAMMAL ATE DINOS FOR LUNCH 2005/1/13 （哺乳动物猎食恐龙）THE CENOZOIC ERA （新生代）THE PLEISTOCENE EPOCH （更新世）MAMMOTH EXTINCTION MYTHS （长毛象灭绝的迷思）HUMAN EVOLUTION （人类的演化）HOMO （人属）HOMO SAPIENS （智人种）PALEOANTHROPOLOGY （古人类学）THE PROCESS OF EVOLUTION （演化的过程）PRIMATES （灵长目）JANE GOODALL （珍．古德）PRIMATE CLASSIFICATION （灵长目的分类）HOMINOID CLASSIFICATION （类人猿的分类）GIGANTON : THE REAL KING KONG (THE BIGFOOT-GIGANTO HYPOTHESIS) （巨猿：活生生的金刚）THE FIRST HUMANS: AUSTRALOPITHECINES （第一个人类：更新纪灵长动物）RAYMOND DART AND THE TAUNG CHILD (THE SKULL WAR) （雷门达特的儿童骸骨~一场考古史的骗局）WHY DID HUMANS EVOLVE? （为什么人类演化）BENEFITS OF BIPEDALISM （人类两足行走的优点）THE FOOTPRINTS OF EARLY HOMINIDS （早期原始人类的足迹）THE GENUS HOMO （人属）HOMO ERECTUS （直立人）NEANDERTALS （尼安德塔人）第3堂MOLECULAR BIOLOGY（微生物学）CELL （细胞）THE DISCOVERY AND STUDY OF CELLS （细胞的发现与研究）LOOKING AT A CELL: MICROSCOPE （显微镜下的细胞）SHAPES OF CELLS （细胞的形状）INSIDE A LIVING CELL （活细胞的内部）THE CELL IN DISEASE （疾病细胞）DEATH OF A CELL （细胞的死亡）THE CODE OF LIFE （生命的密码）CHROMOSOMES （染色体）THE SEX CHROMOSOMES （性染色体）DNA （脱氧核糖核酸－染色体和基因的组成部分）RNA （核糖核酸）CELL DIVISION AND REPRODUCTION （细胞分裂与繁殖）MITOSIS （有丝分裂）MEIOSIS （减数分裂）HEREDITY （遗传）HEREDITY AND ENVIRONMENT (NATURE VERSUS NURTURE) （遗传与环境－天生或养成）ASEXUAL AND SEXUAL REPRODUCTION （无性生殖与有性生殖）REPRODUCTION OF AN AMOEBA （阿米巴原虫的繁殖）DOMINANT-RECESSIVE INHERITANCE （显性、隐性遗传）ALBINISM （白子）GENETICS （遗传学）MENDEL （门德尔）THOMAS HUNT MORGAN （汤玛士．杭特．摩根）MUTATIONS （突变）GENETIC ENGINEERING （遗传工程）RECOMBINANT DNA （DNA重组）CLONING （无性繁殖）DOLLY （桃莉羊）STEM CELLS （干细胞）STEM CELLS AND CLONING （干细胞与复制）TO HARNESS THE VERSATILITY OF STEM CELLS （利用多用途的干细胞）WHY CLONING IS CONTROVERSIAL （为什么复制俱争议性）THE IMPORTANCE OF GENETICS （遗传学的重要性）THE HUMAN GENOME PROJECT （人类基因组计划）GENE CHIP （基因芯片）第4堂HUMAN BODY （人体）ANATOMY （解剖学）CHEMICAL ELEMENTS AND MOLECULES （化学元素与分子）ENZYME （酶、酵素）CELLS （细胞）TISSUES （组织）ORGANS （器官）ORGAN SYSTEMS （器官系统）THE SKIN （皮肤）NERVE ENDINGS （神经末稍）THE SKELETAL SYSTEM （骨骼系统）THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM （肌肉系统）THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM （消化系统）THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM （呼吸系统）THE AIR PASSAGES （呼吸道）DYSPHONIAS （语言障碍）THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM （循环系统）THE LYMPHATIC SYSTEM （淋巴系统）THE IMMUNE SYSTEM （免疫系统）THE URINARY SYSTEM （泌尿系统）THE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM （生殖系统）DEVELOPMENT OF A HUMAN EMBRYO （人体胚胎的发展）THE MENSTRUAL CYCLE （月经周期）ABORTION （流产，堕胎）THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM （内分泌系统）HORMONES （贺尔蒙）PLANT HORMONES （植物的贺尔蒙）EAR （耳）THE HUMAN VOICE （人类的声音）HOW SOUNDS TRAVEL TO THE INNER EAR （声音如何传达到内耳）THE SENSE OF BALANCE （平衡感）DISORDERS OF THE EAR （耳疾）OTITIS MEDIA （耳炎的媒介）TEETH （牙齿）WISDOM TEETH （智齿）ENAMEL （珐琅质）CARE OF THE TEETH AND GUMS （牙齿与牙龈的保健）DISEASES AND DEFECTS OF THE TEETH （牙齿的疾病与缺陷）DENTAL DECAY （蛀牙）MALOCCLUSION （咬合不正）PERIODONTAL DISEASES （牙周病）TEETH OF ANIMALS （动物的牙齿）HETERODONT TEETH （异形齿）HOMODONT TEETH （同型齿）第5堂HUMAN DISEASE （人类疾病）MICROBIOLOGY （微生物学）PATHOLOGY （病理学）INFECTIOUS DISEASES （传染病）SPREAD OF INFECTIOUS DISEASE （传染病的散播）BACTERIA （细菌）VACCINES （疫苗）ANTIBIOTICS （抗生素）THE SHAPES OF BACTERIA （病菌的型态）THE LIFE OF BACTERIA （病菌的生命）PASTEUR （细菌学家－巴斯德）VIRUSES （病毒）FUNGI （真菌）PROTOZOANS （原生动物）NONINFECTIOUS DISEASE （非传染疾病）CONGENITAL DISEASES / ACQUIRED （先天性疾病／后天）THE FIGHT AGAINST DISEASE （对抗疾病）QUARANTINE （检疫）HISTORY OF MEDICAL DEFENSES （医学的历史）EPIDEMICS （流行病）STIGMA OF DISEASE （疾病的污名）AVIAN FLU (BIRD FLU SPREADS ITS WINGS) （禽流感－禽流感展开了它的双翼） Q: WHAT IS BIRD FLU? （什么是禽流感）。
野性的呼唤(英文版)
Dave: an experienced wheeler, nipped Buck's hind quarters whenever he was in error.
River
the United States
The Call of the Wild: Background
In August 1896, gold was discovered in Rabbit Creek in the Yukon Territory of western Canada.
The Call of the Wild: Background
writingstylemajorworksmajorworksabyss1903深渊中的人们wild1903野性的呼唤seawolf1904whitefang1906life1907热爱生命ironheel1908铁蹄martineden1909马丁starrover1915星游人littleladybighouse1916大屋里的小妇人wolfhouse托尔利在狼的智慧中对狼有很好的描述及概括
Writing Style
Writing Style
•He was fascinated by the way violence tested and refined human character. Without much stylistic and formal refinement and subtlety of characterization, London’s fiction has the unusual and intriguing power of ancient myth. Although his work can never be classed rough realism, he will always be remembered as the originator of a new type of writing called rough realism. •Forceful, and colorful; Subjectivity and enthusiasm •His characterizations were often stiff and his dialogue stereotyped. •Themes: primitive violence, Anglo-Saxon supremacy, biological evolution, class warfare, and mechanistic determinism.
美国历史英语作文
美国历史英语作文The United States has a rich tapestry of history that has shaped the nation into what it is today. From its early beginnings to its current status as a global superpower, the history of America is a story of exploration, struggle, and progress.Early Settlements and ColonizationThe history of the United States begins with the arrival of the first European settlers in the early 17th century. The Pilgrims, seeking religious freedom, landed at Plymouth Rock in 1620. This was followed by the establishment of the first permanent English settlement at Jamestown in 1607. The early colonies faced numerous challenges, including disease, harsh winters, and conflicts with Native American tribes.The Struggle for IndependenceThe 18th century was marked by the growing desire for independence from British rule. The Revolutionary War, which lasted from 1775 to 1783, was a pivotal moment in American history. Key figures such as George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, and Benjamin Franklin played crucial roles in leading the colonies to victory and the eventual signing of the Declaration of Independence in 1776.Westward Expansion and Manifest DestinyThe 19th century saw the United States expand westward, driven by the belief in "Manifest Destiny" — the idea thatAmericans were destined to spread across the continent. The Louisiana Purchase in 1803, the California Gold Rush in 1849, and the completion of the transcontinental railroad in 1869 were all significant events that contributed to the westward expansion.Civil War and ReconstructionThe issue of slavery and the rights of states to secede from the Union led to the American Civil War (1861-1865). The war ended with the defeat of the Confederacy and the abolition of slavery through the 13th Amendment. The Reconstruction era that followed aimed to rebuild the nation and integrate the newly freed slaves into society.Industrialization and ImmigrationThe late 19th and early 20th centuries were characterized by rapid industrialization and a massive wave of immigration. Cities grew, and the economy boomed, but this period was also marked by social and economic inequality, leading to labor movements and progressive reforms.World Wars and the Great DepressionThe United States played a significant role in both World War I and World War II, emerging as a global power. The Great Depression of the 1930s was a severe economic downturn that led to widespread unemployment and poverty, but it also spurred the New Deal policies of President Franklin D. Roosevelt.The Cold War and Civil Rights MovementThe post-WWII era was dominated by the Cold War, a period oftension between the United States and the Soviet Union. Domestically, the Civil Rights Movement of the 1950s and1960s fought for racial equality and an end to segregation, culminating in landmark legislation such as the Civil Rights Act of 1964.Modern Challenges and AchievementsIn recent decades, the United States has faced new challenges, including globalization, technological advancements, andissues of national security. It has also achieved significant milestones, such as the moon landing in 1969 and the election of the first African American president, Barack Obama, in 2008.The history of the United States is a testament to the resilience and determination of its people. It is a historyof growth, change, and the pursuit of a more perfect union.As the nation continues to evolve, it remains a beacon ofhope and opportunity for many around the world.。
美国历史文化概况(英文版)UNIT (3)
TEXT A
Notes
2. Forty-niners: 49ers refer to prospectors in the
Californian Gold Rush who arrived relatively early, in 1849. By the beginning of 1849, the news of the Gold Rush had spread around the world, and an overwhelming number of gold-seekers and merchants began to arrive from virtually every continent. The largest group of forty-niners in 1849 was Americans, arriving by the tens of thousands overland across the continent and along various sailing routes (the name "forty-niner" was derived from the year 1849).
TEXT A Reading Comprehension Read the following sentences and decide whether they are
true（T) or false（F)．
1. At Jefferson’s time the large area to the west of the Mississippi River was named Louisiana and it was purchased by President Jefferson from Napoleon at the price of 15 million dollars in 1803.( ) 2. Due to Andrew Jackson’s reform in politics, popular political participation was risen and when dealing with Native Americans the president showed great kindness .( ) 3. The Indian Act signed by Andrew Jackson in 1837 pushed approximate 70,000 Indians beyond the frontier and into the "Indian Territory" (which later became Indiana). ( ) 4.The Indian removals were justified by two prevailing philosophies— the "superior race" theory and “Manifest Destiny”. ( )
美国历史简介 american history
America as a Superpower
Native Americans
Before colonization, there were about 10 million people, in over 200 tribes.
By 1865, only 300,000 remained.
– forced off their land – many died from diseases brought by the colonists
Willing to take risks and try new things
– immigration to the “New World” – travelling West to start a new life
In 1788, 13 colonies become the United States of America.
American History
(A few points)
Put these events in order:
World War I
War of Independence
Great Depression
American Civil War
The start of expansion to the West
1843: One thousand people travel to Oregon
大学本科毕业设计论文—《荒野的呼唤》中巴克的多重性格分析
学科分类号湖南涉外经济学院本科学生毕业论文题目《荒野的呼唤》中巴克的多重性格分析Analysis of the Complicated Nature ofBuck in The Call of the Wild姓名学号学部外国语言文学学部专业、年级英语本科0602班指导教师年月湖南涉外经济学院本科毕业论文诚信声明本人郑重声明：所呈交的本科毕业论文，是本人在指导老师的指导下，独立进行研究工作所取得的成果，成果不存在知识产权争议，除文中已经注明引用的内容外，本论文不含任何其他个人或集体已经发表或撰写过的作品成果。
对本文的研究做出重要贡献的个人和集体均已在文中以明确方式标明。
本人完全意识到本声明的法律结果由本人承担。
本科毕业论文作者签名：二○一○年四月二十七日一、湖南涉外经济学院本科毕业论文开题报告书论文题目《荒野的呼唤》中巴克的多重性格分析作者姓名汤浩坤所属学部专业年级外国语言文学学部英语专业2006级指导教师姓名、职称马玉侠讲师预计字数6000开题日期2010.1.4选题的根据：《荒野的呼唤》是美国著名作家杰克·伦敦于1903年发表的成名作。
作者赋予了巴克与人相同的情感和品质，将其人性化了。
狗主人公巴克复杂多样的性格、艰苦卓绝的生存道路，生动真切地反映了作者所处时代的美国社会的现实，再现了美国历史上的克朗代克淘金热。
巴克的这些性格特征在很大程度上正是现实社会中人的真实写照，因此对其性格的剖析、研究具有现实意义。
外国学者对《荒野的呼唤》的研究,经历了从研究方法到研究视角的不同侧重和转变,折射出独特的文化特征。
我国对杰克·伦敦及其作品的介绍与翻译、研究工作起步于20世纪20年代，30年代达到高潮。
作为杰克·伦敦的成名作和代表作《荒野的呼唤》在以后90余年的历史中被中国学者反复地翻译和研究，可见它的重要性。
由美国麦吉尔编、王志远翻译的《世界名著鉴赏大辞典·小说卷（中）》有专篇对《荒野的呼唤》一文的鉴赏（中国书籍出版社，1993）。
2023美国历史概况英文版
Overview of American HistoryThe history of the United States begins with the arrival of Native A mericans thousands of years ago.The first Europeans to arrive were the N orse who settled briefly in Newfoundland around1000AD.In1492,Chri stopher Columbus landed in America and opened the door to European ex ploration and settlement of the New World.Over the next300years,the Spanish,French,Dutch,and English establis hed colonies in America.These colonies were founded for different reaso ns and developed distinct cultures,but they all came under British rule in the mid-18th century.In1775,the American colonies rebelled against British rule and declared their independence,leading to the American Revolution.The United Stat es was founded as a federal union of13states and in1787,the United Sta tes Constitution was written to establish a strong central government.The19th century saw unprecedented growth and expansion,with the Lou isiana Purchase in1803,the Mexican-American War in1846-1848,and the California Gold Rush in1849.The country expanded to the Pacific Ocean and became a global power.The mid19th century saw the rise of sectionalism and the issue of slavery caused the nation to break apart into a Civil War between the North and S outh.The North emerged victorious and slavery was abolished,but the co untry faced the struggle of Reconstruction following the war.The20th century saw the United States become a world superpower,with involvement in World War I,World War II,the Cold War,the Korean Wa r,and the Vietnam War.The country also experienced social and political turmoil,including the civil rights movement,the feminist movement,and the counterculture movement.In recent years,the United States has faced challenges such as political po larization,economic inequality,and racial tensions,but also continues to be a leader in technology,innovation,and democracy.。
跨文化交际 英语中的辱华词语
4.Ching Chong
PURPOSE
我们选这个演讲的主题，目的是让大家了 解哪些是具有歧视中国或者亚洲人的词 。 当我们遇到一些不友好的人对我们说出这 些词的时候，我们能够知道别人是在取笑 我们。现在中国越来越强大了，意味着我 们遇到这种行为时能够更加有信心去回应 他们，强势地站出来保护自己
FUTURE VISION
The words about insulting ChThe dark history
In 19 century，America had gold rush. There are a lot of Chinese came to California to look for their opportunities. The white American thought there were evil foreigners taking their jobs.
在19世纪，因为淘金热，很多中国人来到 加利福利亚去寻找机会。
美国白人认为这是邪恶的中国人来抢工作 了。
Chinese immigrants at the time experienced violent anti-Chinese sentiment, boycotts,and in 1882, the Chinese Exclusion Act, a law that restricted immigration into the United States.
POWERPOINT PRESENTATION
1.Chink
2.Chinaman
Chinaman is a term potentially English language term that Although the has nocontentious negative connotations in older denotes a Chinese man or person, or as a Chinese national, or, dictionaries, and the usage of such parallel compound terms asin some cases, an indiscriminate term for a person native to Englishman, Frenchman and Irishman remain unobjectionable, geographical East Asia of perceived East Asian race. the term Chinaman is or noted as offensive by modern dictionaries. Chinaman 是一个潜在的具有争议性的英语词汇，它指的是一个中国男人或 Its derogatory connotations evolved from its use in pejorative 一个人，或者是一个中国人，或者，在某些情况下，是一个不加区分的术语， contexts regarding the Chinese and other Asians. 指的是一个东亚人或东亚人。 虽然这个词在旧字典里没有否定的含义，和英国人、法国人和爱尔兰人三 种类似的复合词的用法仍然是不令人反感的，“中国佬”这个词被现代词 典认为是无礼的。其贬义的内涵源自于对中国和其他亚洲人的贬义语境。
对马克吐温的评价英文
对马克吐温的评价英文名人的故事伴随着我们成长。
但是评价要怎么写呢?下面是小编为大家带来的对马克吐温的评价英文，相信对你会有帮助的。
对马克吐温的评价英文篇一In the heart of majority of Americans, Mark Twaining is a great writer that has to investigate spirit, patriotic passionate and romantic qualities and humorous style of writing, but in the my eyes, he is a person who becomes misanthropic of society, sarcastic asperity because of deeply being subjected to stroke of the life tragedy.Mark Twain from cradle to the grave in have more than 1/3 time the wave vestige whole the United States, then visit a world by the identity week of the writer and the speech house thereafter.Mark Twain Wen Yuan Ming to fill Mou Er?The boon of Lang He?Gram Si in the Lai door, his pen name draws from he does on board in the steam the man-hour hears of signal language.In the Mark Twain youth's ages, river valley in Mississippi is the geography center of the United States, also the transportation aorta that is American central part, a great deal of goods at here gather to spread.In 1857, youth's Mark Twaining was a steam a small navigator on board to step to go into river valley in Mississippi, this world.On this work post, he came in contact with various persons and saw a versatile world.All all theses, to the his later work creation deep influence.After civil war breaks out, Mark Twain and then left river valley in Mississippi, joined a southern nation allied visit shot of brigade.But that troops thinks that the square tries to avoid engaging with enemy's soldier.Mark Twained angry's ground toleave that troops.He arrives at the west again, is panned for gold hot temptation in the Nevada, join to arrive row or columns in it, but finally encountered failure but feel dispirited and discouraged.In bankrupt and disappointed remaining, he accepted for the Fu Ji Ni second city 《the territory development reports 》 is the reporter's work and from now on and then stepped on literary road.Mark?The knife that vomits to start to be small trying a cow, but Be forced to leave this city because of writing some sharp commentary articles, escape the Sa carat gold mine area that give valley in the door to temporary take shelter from the wind a head.He makes him be accepted in the west coast region to the pioneers there copying.In 1864 with 1865 it hand over of winter, Mark Twaining is at Anne the Ji Er Si mineral the area spend.Is boring medium, he recorded a description to hear on that day of a record of story-this record come to a decision him whole life the development direction of the business:"The section Er Man is used his to jump a frog-and stranger's wager USD 50-stranger didn't jump a frog, the section Er Man was given him the lane a -the stranger make use of to play the jumping of section frog belly cramming lead for this period of time, so, the jumping of section leapfrog doesn't get up, the frog of jumping of stranger has to to win."After mark?After vomiting rewriting of, this story ascends on the newspaper of the whole the United States and became widely known"the card pulls Wei to pull a Si county to well-knownly jump a frog".Go to this, Mark Twaining was the reputation of"Pacific Ocean unrestrained humorous master in the coast" to establish in the whole country.Two years after, he is from New York City and took steam ship in"Philadelphia" to Europe and holy land to carry on a sightseeing voyage.Mark Twaining is a reporter of newspaper in California be appointed to together with make sight-seeing trip a regiment interview.He takes into Bi to some artists who are admired by person and the art delicacies thin, even also presume to take into by besmirching sexual language of expression to insult to the religious holy land.After returning to country, more and more newspaper start publishing his article, is subjected to whole Americanses' fancy.At the age of 36, Mark Twain to start settling in the Kang Nie Di space the state admire blessing virtuous town especially, all of his second to none works publish within that period of time.1876 his 《Tom?The Suo is second 》publication, soon become American stories for children of classic of make, almost like 《declaration of independence 》 became the United States school today inside of necessarily study originally.After, admire the gram become a be thought by many people to is host's Mr. in the book of the work of depiction American that succeeds most .Mark?The whole life that vomits all covers with in the shadow of tragedy, own close relatives one after another die.The person who laughs heartily the whole world by himself[herself] but satisfied tasted human life of sad.He the morals preachment in the earlier period work once wrapped humorous jacket of 1 F, the humor changed now mordacity of irony.He points out that the mankind should abandon religion imagination, depend on to depend on oneself but isn't god's strength to create a more fine world.But his last fantasized to arrive to seem to be also to fall through afterwards.Dictate autobiography in the old age in,express he extremely despairing mood, hope from the distress of material life of be set free.对马克吐温的评价英文篇二Mark Twain, the mirror of American, born in the small village of Florida, Missouri in 1835, and died in Hartford in 1910. His 75 years of suffering life has experienced the mostly part of history of American like industrial economic development, Civil War, gold rush and western expansion and so on.There is no doubt that Twain witnessed the rise and decline of country of America. The most important period of Twain’s life may begin at 1857. He became a cub pilot on a steamboat, that four and a half years in the steamboat marked the real beginning of his education. After decline of steamboat commerce, he left the river country to join the Civil War for two weeks. Then, he went west and succumbed to the epidemic of gold rush in Nevada. Eight months later, broke and discouraged, he accepted a job as reported with the Virginia City Territorial Enterprise. In the year of 1864, he boarded the stagecoach for San Francisco. One years later, his first famous work Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County was published. Then in 1876, the opportunity came for him to take a distinctly American to look at the world. Upon his return to states, the version of travels, The Innocents Abroad, became an instant best-seller. At the age of 36 Twain settled in Hartford. His best books, The Adventures of Tom Sawyer and The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, were published while he lived there.Although bitterness fed on the man, he was always struggling against difficulty in his whole life. And most important, he brought us lots of spiritual enlightenment in revelation.对马克吐温的评价英文篇三Like many excellent writers, the descendants of Mark Twain's evaluation is mixed. Can be divided into two categories of people to his evaluation. One is the reader, the other is the critic. As a reader, I would like to talk about my evaluation of him.First of all, I would like to say that I like his work very much. Mainly because his novels have witty humorous language. Every time I read his novel always makes me feel very relaxed and happy. At the same time, carefully taste his novel, I can understand a lot of truth. For example, after reading "Adventures of Tom Sawyer", I understand the work of the relationship between entertainment. And found a way to make work as fun as fun. Not only that, I also deeply experience the greed and hatred of the terrible and the importance of responsibility.Secondly, I am sometimes afraid to read his work. Because in his several short stories of the problems revealed too realistic, too cruel, and read will make people feel terror. For example, the story of a bad boy tells the story of a child who is recognized as a bad child eventually get a good quality of life, and a child is recognized as a good boy has experienced a tragic life story. This story is very real, because it is the real social ugly phenomenon of concentration and concentration. After reading this novel, I "good people have a good report," this sentence had questioned. Can be gradually discovered later, in fact, this novel is an ugly enrichment. In real life, these ugly phenomena will not appear at the same time, this makes me feel better. In Mark Twain's short stories, there are many such novels, thought-provoking.In 1885, when Mark Twain's work "Adventures of Huckleberry Finn" published in the "Century Magazine", once caused the reader's abuse. At that time people think that their works have too many vulgar things. But I do not think so. This novel is ashrunken version of reality, it reflects the real life. And the existence of these phenomena in American life. Mark Twain is just a real show. I think this just can explain his honesty and cute.There are many critics point out that Mark Twain's humor is exaggerated vulgar humor, his works have corrupted the English style. But I think humor is to play the role of laughter, if not exaggerated, can be called humor?Moreover, I think the work of Mark Twain's performance is not vulgar vulgar content. But the reality of things. In every successful novel, it will reveal the reality of things. Such as the "La Traviata" in prostitutes revealed in the life and the "resurrection" revealed in the bureaucracy, numbness, money is a map and other phenomena. The critics of the time would mark Mark Twain's work at the vulgar level, I think only because they do not want to acknowledge these realities.Howells pointed out that Mark Twain differs from ordinary humorists in the sense that "jokes contain serious meanings, which is the way he takes the expression of politics and social comedy." I very much agree with this view.Throughout the short stories of Mark Twain, their humor is hidden behind the deep thinking.However, historically a critic named Van Wyck Brooks gave a complete rejection of Mark Twain's monograph, Mark Twain's Serious Test. In this book, Van Weeke Brooks pointed out that Mark Twain's writing after marriage was designed to cater to the aristocratic appetites and to make money for the purpose of writing. At the same time, Van Wyck Brooks also made the following diagnosis of Mark Twain:Mark Twain was a victim of a devastated soul, frustrated. Just like the countless cases provided by psychoanalysts, this alone is enough to explain his later years of frustration. He was hindered,split, and even violatedHis poet, the artist's nature shrinks into a cynic, the whole child into a spirit of the weak.This evaluation is obviously too radical, because from Mark Twain after the creation of the marriage, "Prince and the poor children" and other works can be seen, he is not as Van Weeke Brooks completely aristocratic appetites and creation.However, I have to admit, Mark Twain because of the impact of Western culture and the US money worship subtle influence, his works still have this tendency. From the "million pounds" in the hero's experience can be seen.He is still in the heart to retain the opportunity to rely on an opportunity to flourish the idea.At the same time, Mark Twain later creation of "What is human? "And" mysterious stranger "can also be seen in his frustration. As to why he was depressed, although I can not clear. But I believe that Mark Twain's frustration is not because, as Van Weeke Brooks said Mark Twain because of some of the events of the young and stifle the art of self, from curse of life. I think he will come to this conclusion, on the one hand by the United States early "gentle literature" effect; the other hand, because he did not really integrate into Mark Twain created novels to feel Mark Twainworld! He was not able to try to accept this emerging literature at the time.All in all, I think Mark Twain is a humorous, wise, sincere, lovely writer. And his unique humor plus reflection of the writing method is that ordinary people can not learn. As Bogil's na?ve reads: "Wisdom may be imitated, but innocence can not be imitated." Mark Twain's humor is a naive expression of his innocence that no one can imitate!。
gold rush淘金热英文简介ppt课件
The California Gold Rush (1848–1855) began on January 24, 1848, when gold was found by James W. Marshall at Sutter's Mill in Coloma, California . The first to hear confirmed information of the gold rush were the people in Oregon, the Sandwich Islands (Hawaii), and Latin America, who were the first to start flocking to the state in late 1848. All in all, the news of gold brought some 300,000 people to California from the rest of the United States and abroad . Of the 300,000, approximately half arrived by sea and half came from the east overland on the California Trail and the Gila River trail.
4
In the 19th and early 20th centuries, there were several major gold rushes. The permanent wealth that resulted was distributed widely because of reduced migration costs and low barriers to entry. While gold mining itself was unprofitable for most diggers and mine owners, some people made large fortunes, and the merchants and transportation facilities made large profits. The resulting increase in the world's gold supply stimulated global trade and investment. Historians have written extensively about the migration, trade, colonization, and environmental history associated with gold rushes.
马克吐温
Mark Twain —— Mirror of America
his writing style:
1.He plays extremely exaggerated artistic imagination on the basis of Western Humor traditions. 2.His works take the fisrt person “I” for the her.
Mark Twain —— Mirror of America
Ironically, the man who makes the world laugh is made bitter by his all misfortunes. Thus his bitter life experience seems to be in contradiction with his own humorous works. And by presenting both sides of his life, the author presents to his readers a fuller picture of Mark Twain that will help them understand his works much better.
Part 3: Personal tragedy and conclusion. (20~22)
Mar
This excerpt is a brief yet impressive introduction of Mark twain, one of the greatest writers in America. His adventurous, patriotic, romantic and humorous characteristics are known by most people. Before becoming a writer, he had done various kinds of jobs which greatly enriched his writings. His experience on the Mississippi River left such a profound and permanent influence on him that his beat when he wrote about this river. He came to fame with a short novel about the Calaveras jumping frog, and then reached the peak of his career by Tom Sawyer and Huk Finn. Mark Twain —— Mirror of America
介绍马克吐温及其时代背景
3.Historical background of Twain’s age
• In January 1849, President Polk announced that gold had been found in California.
• This set off the Gold Rush, in which 80,000 individuals headed for California to seek their fortunes.
1. Why is Mark Twain considered “mirror of America”?
Mr. Clemens lives on in the hearts and minds of grateful readers everywhere.
2. The origin of the name Mark Twain
“经典”是本书，人人都说好，人人都不读。
• These people changed the face of California.
CaliforniaGold Rush
4.Mark Twain’s main works
Works
Trilogy of Mississippi (密西西比河三部曲)
The mysterious stranger 《神秘的陌生人》
Another reason is he was a highly respected caption, from time to time for the newspaper to write some short piece describes History of the Mississippi River, pseudonym "Mark Twain."