把握解题规律,轻松破解非谓语动词
老师非谓语动词解题三原则
非谓语动词解题三原则1、查看句子是否缺少谓语动词,以判断是否使用非谓语动词。
(高中学习中,一般情况下同一个句子不能出现两个谓语,如果句子有谓语则选择非谓语)2、判断语态,根据动作执行者和承受者来判断是使用主动还是被动语态)3、判断时态,根据动作的先后关系等,判断应该使用的时态。
高中英语语法非谓语动词解题技巧一. 非谓语动词的句子结构分析技巧1_____many times , but he still couldn't understand it . 2. _____many times , he still couldn't understand it .A.Having been toldB. ToldC. He was toldD. Though he had been told分析:句1. 用连词but 引导并列句子,因此,前面与后句一样也是个独立句子成分,故选C。
句2. 句中用逗号隔开,且无连词引导,因此,前面不是句子结构,只是句子的一个成分,故选A,用非谓语动词作状语。
句子结构练习3. ______to the left , you'll find the post office .4. If you _____to the left , you'll find the post office .5. ______to the left , and you'll find the post office . A. Turning B. To turn C. Turn D. Turned 答案ACC二. 非谓语动词的逻辑主语分析技巧确定要选非谓语动词之后,第二步要分析其逻辑主语。
非谓语动词虽不能作谓语,但仍具有动词特点,其逻辑上的动作执行者就叫做逻辑主语。
非谓语动词作状语时,其逻辑主语须和句子的真正主语一致。
若不一致,则须加上自己的逻辑主语。
First ____ to the market, these products enjoyed great success.A. introducingB. introducedC. introduceD. being introduced分析: 非谓语动词的逻辑主语是: these products, 与句子的主语一致, 故选B1._______no buses , we had to walk home.2. ______Sunday, I shall have a quiet day at home .A. There beingB. It wereC. There wereD. It being分析:句1. 表示“没有公共汽车”,应用“there be”结构,即逻辑主语是“there”,故选A 。
12条规律
“12条规律”在手,完胜非谓语动词非谓语动词是英语高考中占分值最高的语法考查项目。
然而,该语法项目形式多样,用法既灵活又复杂,难于理解,导致学生谈“非”色变。
为帮助考生轻松应对非谓语动词的“刁难”,笔者结合高考非谓语动词考查热点,归纳了12条通俗易懂的解题规律。
规律一:作定语时,doing表主动、进行,being done表被动、进行,done表被动、完成,to do表有待发生,to be done表有待被发生。
考例1:The witnesses ______by the police just now gave very different descriptions of the fight.(2013陕西卷)A. questionedB. being questionedC. to be questionedD. having questioned答案:A 。
句意:那些刚才被警察询问的目击者就这次打架事件给出了完全不同的描述。
空白处为后置定语,与被修饰的名词the witnesses是被动关系,而且表示已经发生的动作,故选A。
考例2:We’re having a meeting in half an hour. The decision______ at the meeting will influence the future of our company.(2012重庆卷)A. to be madeB. being madeC. madeD. having been made答案:A。
句意:我们半小时后开会,会上所作的决定会影响我们公司的未来。
空白处为后置定语,与被修饰的名词decision是被动关系,而且是将要发生的动作,故选A。
规律二:作主语时,doing表抽象、一般的动作,to do指具体、将要发生的动作,表被动要用being done,done不能作主语。
考例:_____ basic first-aid techniques will help you respond quickly to emergencies.(2013福建卷)A. KnownB. Having knownC. KnowingD. Being known答案:C。
非谓语的解题步骤或思路
非谓语的解题步骤或思路(1)先判断空格部分所需的是主句,从句还是非谓语动词。
独立的句子,从句或非谓语独立的句子加句号,分号或破折号的话,后再加一个独立的句子。
独立的句子,(逗号)有and,but, so 等词加独立的句子。
(2)再根据主句的主语,来判断主动或被动;(3)接下来再判断时态,(4)如果是否定的话,not一定要放在非谓语的前面(5)一定不要忘记主语一致的原则,如果不一致的话,要把非谓语的独立主语加上。
非谓语常见的位置,或在句子中所担当的成分(1)非谓语动词短语,+ 主句或者是主句,非谓语动词短语这时的非谓语动词短语起到状语的作用例如:influenced by the growing interest in nature, more people enjoy outdaoor activities.在这种情况下,首先,找出主句的主语,然后以主句的主语为出发点,来判断非谓语动词是主动还是被动,如果已有的非谓语动词的主语和主句主语不一致,还要考虑独立主格结构,也就是把非谓语动词的自己的主语加上去:例如:All flights having been cancelled , they decided to takethe train.其次,把非谓语动词和主句的动词比较,看是否同时发生还是有明显的先后。
(2)跟在介词,动词或某些形容词的后面固定搭配只接动词-ing形式而不接不定式作宾语的动词有:admit 承认appreciate 感激avoid 避免put off推迟keep 保持consider 考虑delay/ postpone耽搁dislike 嫌恶resist 抵制mention 提及enjoy 喜欢escape 避免excuse 原谅practice 练习mind介意fancy想不到feel like 意欲finish 完成risk 冒险include 包括forgive 原谅give up 放弃suggest 建议miss 逃过imagine 想象can’t help 情不自禁involve 需要can’t stand 无法忍受understand 理解常见的带介词to的短语:be used to 习惯be related to 与……有关get down to 着手做contribute to 贡献put one’s mind to全神贯注于give rise to 引起be equal to 胜任devote oneself to 献身于lead to 导致be opposed to 反对look forward to 盼望object to 反对stick to 坚持pay attention to 注意(3)介词后一定要加动词的-ing 形式;(4)跟在名词后面做定语时,一般不用having done/ having been done 结构(5)放在句首做主语,一般用动词的ing 和to do …特殊的非谓语短语Generally speaking 一般来说Considering …. 考虑到,鉴于Time/weather permitting 时间、天气允许的话Taking …into account 考虑到Taking …into consideration 考虑到Provided …假如Providing…假如Suppose…假如Supposing…假如Juding from/ by…根据…判断Given sth 假如,如果;鉴于,考虑到Given that…假如,如果;鉴于,考虑到。
非谓语动词题的四大解题方法和八条经典原则
非谓语动词题的四大解题方法和八条经典原则非谓语动词题的四大解题步骤:一、分析句子结构,辨别“谓语与非谓语”二、找逻辑主语三、分析语态四、分析时态非谓语动词题的八条经典原则:原则一、用作目的状语,原则上要用不定式原则二、用于名词后作定语时,使用非谓语动词的原则是:用不定式,表示动作尚未发生; 用现在分词,表示动作正在进行; 用过去分词,表示动作已经发生,同时表示被动意义.原则三、用作伴随状语,原则上要用现在分词原则四:用作结果状语时,可用现在分词或不定式,其原则区别是,一般要用现在分词,表示结果在意料之中,不定式用作结果状语主要用于某些特定句式中或表示结果在意料之外原则五、凡是含有被动意义时,原则上要用过去分词(done)。
但是,如果所涉及的动作尚未发生,则用不定式的被动式(to be done);如果所涉及的动作正在进行,则用现在分词的被动式(being done) 原则六、非谓语动词作状语时,其逻辑主语原则上应与主句主语保持一致原则七、强调动作发生在主句谓语动作之前时,原则上要用完成式(根据情况可用不定式的完成式或现在分词的完成式)原则八、对于固定搭配,原则上按搭配习惯处理――――――――――――――――――原则一、用作目的状语,原则上要用不定式1. When asked why he went there, he said he was sent there _____ for a space flight. (2007江西卷)A. trainingB. being trainedC. to have trainedD. to be trained【解析】答案选D。
由于进行航空飞行训练是他被派往那儿的目的,所以要用不定式,因此可排除A 和B。
另外,由于“他”与“训练”之间为被动关系,故选 D。
2. _____ this cake,you’ll need 2 eggs, 175 g sugar and 175 g flour. (2006广东卷)A. Having madeB. MakeC. To makeD. Making【解析】答案选C。
非谓语动词做题口诀
非谓语动词做题口诀一、接不定式to do作宾语的动词【速记口诀】同意提出做计划,(agree to do,offer to do,plan to do)敢于答应来准备。
(dare to do,promise to do,prepare to do)设法学会做决定,(manage to do,learn to do,decide to do)碰巧想要别拒绝。
(happen to do,want to do,refuse to do)假装失败付得起,(pretend to do,fail to do,afford to do)似乎选择三希望。
(seem to do,choose to do,wish to do,hope to do,expect to do)二、接不带to的不定式作宾语的用法【速记口诀】宁愿……而不愿……,would rather do than do,最好,除了……什么也不做。
had better do,do nothing but do两个为何不做?Why not do…?Why don’t you do…?三、不定式作宾语补足语时省略to的动词【速记口诀】一感:feel sb.do;二听:hear sb.do,listen to sb.do;三让:make sb.do,let sb.do,have sb.do;四看:see sb.do,notice sb.do,watch sb.do,look at sb.do;半帮助:help(即:help sb.do和help sb.to do都对)四、接不定式to do作宾语补足语的动词【速记口诀】想要期待与希望,want/would like sb.to do,expect sb.to do,wish sb.to do需要鼓励与允许,require sb.to do,encourage sb.to do,allow sb.to do要求命令与告诉,ask sb.to do,order sb.to do,tell sb.to do引导邀请要教授。
非谓语动词的解题步骤
广东教育·高中2019年第4期非谓语动词是高考必考考点,难度较大,常在语法填空中以提示词为动词的形式出现。
在遇到该类问题时,可以遵循下列步骤来解题。
1.判断是否填非谓语动词;2.找出非谓语动词的逻辑主语;3.根据非谓语动词与逻辑主语之间的关系确定主、被动关系;4.根据非谓语动词与谓语动词之间的先后顺序确定时间关系;5.确定非谓语动词的形式。
一、谓语动词和非谓语动词的区分可以通过口诀“圈谓语,找连词;有连词,填谓语;无连词,填非谓”来确定是否填非谓语动词。
接下来通过两个例子区分谓语动词和非谓语动词。
(1)He held a book in his hand,and______(pretend)to be reading.(2)He held a book in his hand,_____(pretend)to be reading.首先,我们圈出两句话的谓语动词,然后找到句中连词。
句(1)中有连词and 并列两个谓语动词held 和pretend ,句(2)中没有连词。
所以第一个空填谓语动词pretended ,第二个空填非谓语动词pretending 。
[训练]1.As time_____(go)by,more and more rural people run away from home to big cities to make a living.2.With time______(go)by,great changes have taken place in our hometown.3.He has three sisters,one of them______(be)a doctor.4.His parents died many years ago,so he______(bring)up by his grandparents.[解析]上述口诀进行判断,(1)(4)句中有连词as 和so ,所以(1)(4)两空分别填谓语动词goes 和was brought ;而(2)(3)两题句中无连词,所以分别填非谓语动词going 和being 。
非谓语动词习题答题技巧
非谓语动词习题答题技巧非谓语动词是英语语法中的一个重要概念。
它指的是在句子中作动词、形容词或副词的非谓语形式,包括不定式、动名词和分词。
掌握非谓语动词的用法和运用技巧,对于提高英语写作和阅读能力非常重要。
本文将为大家介绍非谓语动词习题的答题技巧,希望能够对大家的学习有所帮助。
一、理解非谓语动词的分类和用法在开始解答非谓语动词习题前,首先要对非谓语动词的分类和用法有一定的了解。
非谓语动词包括不定式、动名词和分词,它们在句子中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语等。
在学习时,要了解每种非谓语动词的特点和用法,以便在答题过程中能够正确运用。
二、注意非谓语动词的形式和变化1. 不定式的形式一般为"to + 动词原形",在句子中充当名词、形容词或副词。
不定式的否定形式是在"to"前加"not",也可以简写为"n't"。
不定式的时态没有变化,不受主语和谓语动词的影响。
2. 动名词的形式一般是在动词原形后加上"-ing",在句子中充当名词。
动名词的时态和数与主语保持一致,但没有单三人称的区别。
3. 分词分为现在分词和过去分词。
现在分词的形式一般是在动词原形后加上"-ing",过去分词则根据动词的不规则变化形式而定。
分词可以用作形容词、副词或短语动词。
三、掌握非谓语动词的常见搭配和用法在答题过程中,要注意掌握非谓语动词的常见搭配和用法。
下面列举一些常见的搭配和用法:1. 不定式常与短语动词搭配,如"agree to"、"decide to"、"plan to"等。
2. 动名词常与介词搭配,如"be interested in"、"look forward to"、"depend on"等。
非谓语动词的解题思路
分词可以作状语,表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式等。如:Seeing the teacher coming, the students stopped talking.(看到老师来了,学生们停止了讲话。)Given more time, we could have done it better.(如果给我们更多的时间,我们可以做得更好。)
分词
现在分词由动词+ing构成,过去分词由动词+ed构成,表示动作或状态的不同方面。常见用 法有:作定语、状语、表语等。例如:“The smiling girl is my sister.”(那个微笑的女孩 是我妹妹)。
PART 02
解题思路与方法
确定非谓语动词的逻辑主语
找出句子中的主语和 谓语动词,确定非谓 语动词的逻辑主语。
多做相关练习题
通过大量的练习,可以加深对 非谓语动词用法的理解和记忆 ,提高在实际运用中的准确性 和熟练度。建议选择一些具有 代表性的练习题进行针对性训 练。
寻求专业指导
在学习过程中遇到困难和问题 时,可以寻求专业老师或辅导 机构的帮助和指导。他们可以 提供针对性的建议和指导,帮 助你更好地掌握非谓语动词的 用法和技巧。
PART 04
易错点与难点分析
不定式与动名词的混淆
不定式表示一次性的、具体的动作,而动名词则表示一般的、抽象的动 作。因此,在需要表示具体动作时,应使用不定式;在需要表示一般动 作时,应使用动名词。
不定式可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语等,而动名词则主要作主 语和宾语。因此,在句子中需要根据语法结构和句意来判断使用不定式 还是动名词。
注意非谓语动词作状 语时,其逻辑主语通 常与句子主语一致。
判断非谓语动词与其 逻辑主语之间的主动 或被动关系。
非谓语动词解题技巧
非谓语动词难点解题思路指导非谓语动词一直是高考重点考察的语法项目。
回顾近三年高考,2012年考察一题,为第31题。
2013年考查两题,分别为第24题和第31题。
2014年考察两题,分别为第28题和第29题。
根据高考的得分情况来看,非谓语动词的得分率不高。
笔者通过查阅试题和学生平时的错题,发现学生在非谓语动词语法考察中存在三个障碍:无法判断是谓语动词还是非谓语动词;无法确定非谓语动词的正确形式;无法识别独立主格结构和确定独立主格结构中的非谓语动词形式。
本文针对上述三个问题,提供一些解题的帮助,帮助同学们理清概念,理清思路,提高正确率。
一、当我们遇到一道看上去是考察非谓语动词的考题,先要判断所考察的动词是谓语动词还是非谓语动词英语句子的基本结构是主语+谓语+宾语,所以一个句子必须有一个谓语。
下列情形中一般考察的是谓语动词,千万不要和非谓语动词混淆哦。
①并列连词(如and , but ,so ,or 等连接)的两个句子,这两个句子中的动词都是谓语动。
例如,在Work hard and you will succeed句子中,and连接祈使句和一般将来句,所以祈使句中work 就是谓语动词。
如果要改成非谓语动词就不需要and来连接,working hard, you will succeed. working hard 就是现在分词作条件状语。
②连动结构中的动词是谓语动词连动结构是指连续发生的一连串的行为或者动作。
例如,he came into the classroom , put down the schoolbag, took out his English book and began to read English. (其中的came ,put , took and began就是连续的四个动作,动词形式是谓语动词)。
③状语从句中如果从句的主语和主句的主语不一致时,主从句都是谓语动词。
例如,While I was walking on the street, a car rushed to me.(其中的was walking 和rushed 都是谓语动词)。
非谓语动词解题技巧
非谓语动词练习一.非谓语题的解题总方法与思路:1. 辨别―谓与非谓‖1.)先看四个答案:如果四个答案分别为动词原形、不定式、现在分词、过去分词等情况,那么这个题多半是非谓语动词题。
2.)看符号:中间有个逗号,末尾有个句号(有时中间没有逗号);3.)看有没有连接词(引导词)。
如果用逗号隔开的两个部分都没有连接词的话,一部分是句子时,那么另一部分就一定是非句子,而非句子里的动词就是非谓语动词。
2. 找逻辑主语3. 定语态:如果本句的主语(或动词自带的逻辑主语)与它是逻辑上的主谓关系,那么答案一般用Ving形式;如果本句的主语(或动词自带的逻辑主语)与它是逻辑上的动宾关系(被动关系),那么答案一般用V ed形式。
4. 定时态:如果非谓语的动作比谓语先(或先很久)发生,那么非谓语动词要用完成式(to havedone/to have been done/ having done/ Having been done),否则我们要用非谓语的一般式(to do / to be done / doing / being done / done)。
二.非谓语动词可能出现的考查点及易错点:1)在“句子, and/or/but +句子”的并列句结构中,可能会考查“以动词原形开头”的祈使句,四个答案表面上象非谓语,其实考查的是谓语。
1.______hard and you will succeed in the exam.2.______hard or you will fail in the exam.3.______hard , you will succeed in the exam.A. StudyB. T o studyC. S tudyingD. Studied2)在“句子,非句子”结构中,非句子部分用非谓语:4. The teacher devoted his life to his career, ______ most of his students successful in study.A. makeB. to makeC. makingD. made3)在“非句子,句子”结构中,非句子部分用非谓语:5. _________with children, I know what is needed most.A. WorkingB. Having workedC. WorkedD. T o work4) 在“with + 宾语+ 宾语补足语”结构中,宾语补足语可能用非谓语动词:6. With her baby _______ on her back, the woman was cleaning the rich man’s house.A. sleepB. sleptC. to sleepD. sleeping7. With his hair _______ like a role in the film, the boy felt very cool.A. cutB. to be cutC. cuttingD. to cut5)在drive/leave/keep/make/have/let/get/find/hear…等使让动词或感观动词后面作宾语补足语时,也可能用非谓语动词。
非谓语动词解题三步曲
GUAN GDONG JIAO YU GAO ZHONG广东教育·高中2020年第12期非谓语动词是高中语法的重点和难点,是阅读理解和书面表达的必备基础,也是语法填空的必考点,每年每套题中有1-3小题。
面对非谓语动词,考生经常感到棘手,得分率不高。
其实,从近3年的高考真题来看,高考对非谓语动词的考查非常简单,仅限于考查to do,doing,done 的基本形式。
也就是说,考生只要掌握非谓语动词的三种最基本的形式,题目便迎刃而解。
为帮助考生突破非谓语动词,我们可以用“三步曲”解决非谓语动词。
第一步,分析句子结构,辨别谓语与非谓语。
根据句子的结构,英语句子可分为简单句、并列句和复合句。
简单句只含有一个主谓结构。
并列句是由并列连词and,or,but,so 等连接的两个或两个以上分句而构成的句子,即S1+并列连词+S2。
复合句是由“主句+引导词+从句(定语从句,状语从句,名词性从句)”构成的句子。
根据以上句子成分分析可知,如果一个句子已经有谓语动词,而且空格前没有并列连词或从属连词,一般为非谓语动词。
如:1.(2020全国Ⅰ卷)Chinese researchers hope to use the in 鄄struments on board Chang ’e-4________(find)and study areas of the South Pole-Aitken basin.2.(2020全国Ⅱ卷)They represent the earth __________(come)back to life and best wishes for new beginnings.3.(2020全国Ⅱ卷)They make great gifs and you see them many times ________(decorate)with red envelopes and mes 鄄sages of good fortune.4.(2020山东卷)The 80,000objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane,for example,________(form)the core collection of the British Museum which opened in 1759.分析:第1~3题谓语动词分别是hope,represent,see ,空格前均无连词,因此,括号中所给词均为非谓语动词。
非谓语动词十大解题原则---学生版
非谓语动词非谓语动词主要包括to do, -ing和-ed三种形式,可是其用法非常广泛,它不仅是高考单项选择题测试的一个重点,而且也是完形填空、阅读理解、短文改错的重要考查内容。
为了能更好地掌握非谓语动词的用法,老师在教学实践中总结出十条实用的解题原则,并且还用相关的题目来解释这些原规律性非谓语动词试题的解题步骤(有提示词)形式的根本依据就是“句中已有谓语”,即,句子不缺谓语的情况下,所给提示词才能考虑用其非谓语动词形式。
一、区分简单句与复合句,判断式谓语动词还是非谓语动词1.That was definitely not an attractive idea, so I politely declined her invitation, _____(close) my bookand walked away.2.We also have to consider the feeling of the person_______( receive) the gift.3.Although he has been told many times, he still (make) the same mistake.4.He won the first prize and (surprise) all of us.5.With so many people (communicate) in English every day, it will become more important to have agood knowledge of English.6.Nowadays, almost everyone_ (realize) that smoking is harmful to people’s health.7.There (be) no bus, I had to walk home.8.(spend) more time on your study, and you are likely to make bigger progress.9.(spend) more time on your study is necessary for you to make progress in study.10.He totally devoted himself to science study, which (make) his family very upset.11.What the shop (sell) now attracts a lot of customers.12.The belief is that everyone (depend) on themselves, and the choice they make is of great importance.非谓语动词在高考中的具体应用一、非谓语动词作状语的题型:1. _________ (see) from the top of the tower, the south foot of the mountain is a sea of trees.2. It rained heavily in the south, _________ (cause) serious flooding in several provinces.3. _________ (complete) the project in time, the staff were working at weekends.二、非谓语动词作定语的题型:1. A great number of students _________ (question) said they were forced to practice the piano.2. Many buildings in the city need repairing, but the one _________ (repair) first is the library.十大解题原则A. Having been toldB. Having toldC. He had been toldD. Though he had been told例2._________ many times, he still couldn’t understand it.A. Having been toldB. Having toldA. Having lostB. LostC. Being lostD. Losing例4. __________, I really believe that I’d prefer not to make any change now.A. Considered all the possibilitiesB. Taking all the possibilities into considerationC. Taken all the possibilities into considerationA. FailB. FailedC. To failD. Having failed例6. Tim Bemers-Lee is generally considered _____ the World Wide Web, on which all the information is shared by all.A. to have foundedB. having foundedA.produced B.being producedC.to be produced D.having been produced例8.The trees _____ in the storm have been moved off the road.A. being blown downB. blown downA. the thief having been caughtB. the thief to be caughtC. catch the thiefD. the thief being caught例10. At the beginning of class, the noise of desks ____ could be heard outside the classroom.A. opened and closedB. to be opened and closedA. CaughtB. Having caughtC. Being caughtD. To catch例12 ___twice a year, whether it is a car or a bus or a truck, is the rule that every driver must obey in this city.A. ExaminingB. ExaminedA. comparingB. comparesC. to compareD. compared例14 _______ with a difficult situation, Arnold decided to ask his boss for advice.A. Being bittenB. BittenC. Having bittenD. To be bitten例16._______ in the fields on a March afternoon, he could feel the warmth of spring.A. To walk.B. WalkingC. WalkedD. Having walked例17. While watching television, __________.A. the doorbell rangB. the doorbell ringsC. we heard the doorbell ringD. we heard the doorbell rings例18. The children went home from the grammar school, their lessons ____ for the day.A. Being a winnerB. To be a winnerC. Be a winnerD. Having been a winner例20. The news reporters hurried to the airport, only _______ the film stars had left.A. to tellB. to be toldC. tellingD. told例21. The glass doors have taken the place of the wooden ones at the entrance, ________ in the natural light during the day.A. to letB. lettingC. letD. having let例22.How glad I am ___________ you!A. Not realizedB. Not to realizeC. Not realizingD. Not to have realized例24. What worried him most was ______ to visit his sick child.A. his being not allowedB. his not being allowedC. his not allowingD. having not been allowed例25. Sarah has decided ________ away on holiday this summer.A. don’t goB. to not goC. not goingD. not to go考点突破,真题演练单句填空:用括号中所给动词的适当形式填空。
高考非谓语动词解题方法三步走
非谓语动词解题方法三步走
第一步:(成分判断)判断非谓语动词充当的句子成分
第二步:(语态判断)判断主动、被动语态
第三步:(时态判断)判断非谓语动词的动作与谓语动作的先后关系
具体判断法则
1.非谓语动词充当句子主语(高考近五年未考)
①(成分判断)充当主语——谓语动作发出者
②(语态判断)主被动的选择取决于句子要表达的意思
③(时态判断)
以下为高考常考内容
2.非谓语动词充当句子宾语
①(成分判断)充当宾语——谓语动作承受者
②(语态判断)
③(时态判断)
3.非谓语动词充当句子定语/宾补
①(成分判断)充当定语/宾补——相当于形容词,用来修饰宾语
②(语态判断)
③(时态判断)
4.非谓语动词充当句子状语
①(成分判断)充当状语——相当于副词,用来修饰谓语
②(语态判断)
③(时态判断)
5.(主系表结构中)非谓语动词充当表语形容词
①(成分判断)在“主+系+表”结构中,充当表语形容词
②(语态判断)
③(时态判断)
根据徐磊英语语法总结。
非谓语解题三步法
非谓语解题三步法非谓语动词是指在句子中不是谓语的动词,主要包括动词不定式、动名词和分词。
在英语句子中,非谓语动词可以担任不同的成分,如主语、宾语、状语等。
解决非谓语问题,可以遵循以下三个步骤:一、识别非谓语动词在句子中,首先需要识别非谓语动词。
非谓语动词通常会以动词不定式、动名词或分词的形式出现。
需要注意的是,非谓语动词不能担任谓语成分,因此需要判断其前面的词语是否为名词或代词,以确定是否为非谓语动词。
二、分析句子结构在识别非谓语动词后,需要分析句子的结构。
非谓语动词可以担任多种成分,如主语、宾语、状语等。
需要根据句子的意思和结构来确定非谓语动词担任的成分。
例如:1. To go to the party was a great decision.(动词不定式作主语)2. Swimming in the sea is my favorite hobby.(动名词作主语)3. Reading books on weekends is relaxing.(动名词作宾语)4. To win the game was easy, but to keep the trophy was hard.(动词不定式作主语和宾语)5. Seeing the movie made me feel sad.(现在分词作状语)三、确定非谓语动词的形式在确定非谓语动词的成分后,需要根据句子的意思和结构来确定非谓语动词的形式。
非谓语动词的形式包括动词不定式、动名词和分词。
需要根据非谓语动词在句子中的位置和作用来确定其形式。
例如:1. To go to the party was a great decision.(动词不定式作主语,表示将来的动作)2. Swimming in the sea is my favorite hobby.(动名词作主语,表示一般的动作)3. Reading books on weekends is relaxing.(动名词作宾语,表示一般的动作)4. To win the game was easy, but to keep the trophy was hard.(动词不定式作主语和宾语,表示将来的动作)5. Seeing the movie made me feel sad.(现在分词作状语,表示主动关系)。
非谓语动词记忆口诀
非谓语动词记忆口诀英语中的动词分谓语动词和非谓语动词两大类,谓语动词在句子中可以作谓语,非谓语动词在句子中不能作谓语。
非谓语动词是中学生学习英语的一个重点,也是难点,规则很多,容易混淆和出错。
下面小编利用口诀学习非谓语动词的方法,希望能帮到大家。
巧用口诀学习非谓语动词一、非谓语动词的形式“非谓”形式记忆口诀“非谓”形式1、2、3,过去分词最简单;现在分词和动名词,两种形式记心间;不定式形式有三种,“完成”“进行”和“一般”。
非谓语动词的形式共分三种,即过去分词只有一种形式,现在分词有两种形式,动词不定式有三种形式,简称“非谓形式1、2、3”。
见下表(以动词do为例,下同)。
非谓语动词形式1、2、3 (图1)非谓语动词一般式进行式完成式过去分词done现在分词或动名词doingbeing donehaving donehaving been done动词不定式to doto be doneto be doingto have doneto have been done从从上表格中可以看出过去分词最简单,只有一种形式,即一般式done,现在分词分一般和完成两种形式,动词不定式有一般式、进行式和完成式三种形式。
熟记这些形式,是学好和用好非谓语动词的必要前提,必须在“熟”字上下功夫。
当我们在学习和使用非谓语动词时,大脑中首先浮现出“非谓语动词形式1、2、3”这幅图表,答题就有了较好的基础。
二、非谓语动词的功能非谓语动词总共有10种形式,每种形式用法均不同,不仅如此,有些非谓语动词的不同形式在句子中还可以充当同一功能(比如过去分词、现在分词和不定式均可在句中做定语),但存在区别。
以下表格(图2)仅介绍非谓语动词10种形式的主要功能及特点,详细用法可参看有关语法书籍。
非谓语动词各种形式功能表(图2)非谓语动词句中功能主要特点done定语、状语、表语、宾补被动,已经完成doing主语、定语、状语、表语、宾补主动,正在进行being done主语、定语、状语、宾补被动,正在进行having done状语、宾语、不能作定语主动,已经完成having been done状语、宾语、不能作定语被动,已经完成to do主语、宾语、表语、宾补、状语主动,将要发生to be done主语、宾语、表语、宾补、状语被动,将要发生to be doing宾语(常与动词搭配)主动,正在进行to have done宾语(常与动词搭配)主动,已经完成to have been done宾语(常与动词搭配)被动,已经完成说明:1.doing和to do 都可以作主语、宾语和表语,但to do 表示将要进行的“某一次”动作,doing则表示经常的动作(例1);它们都可以用作状语,但doing表示伴随或行为方式,而to do常表示目的(例2);2.doing/being done 和having done/having been done都可以在句中作状语,但dong/being done表示的动作常与谓语动词的动作同时或几乎同时发生,而having done/having been done表示的动作则发生在谓语动作之前(例3、例4);3.done,being done, to be done 这三个被动形式都可以在句子中作定语,但它们的时间概念有明显不同(例4-6);4.动词不定式的进行式和完成式常与一些动词搭配(例8、例9)。
如何解答与非谓语动词相关的问题
为 to perform。
相关的试题时,首先应熟练掌握与非谓语动词相关的
语时,应用其 doing(动名词)形式,常见的接动名词的
此类试题的得分率。
2.非谓语动词如果在介词或某些动词的后面作宾
动词有 appreciate,
consider,
escape ,
forbid,
1.如果非谓语动词的动作发生在主句谓语的动作
之前,且与逻辑主语之间形成了被动关系,即被动、完
成,那么非谓语动词用 done(过去分词)形式。
2.如果非谓语动词的动作发生的时间与主句谓语
动词的动作在相同的时间发生,且与逻辑主语构成了
英语句子一般有三类,分别是简单句、并列句、复
合句。简单句中只有一个“主谓”结构;并列句是由 or,
“主
后 面 接 的 是 由 accompanied by、in addition to、as well
谓一致”的原则主要有语法一致原则、就近一致原则、
意义一致原则。下面笔者针对这几个方面分析学生
容易出现的问题,
希望为学生解题提供帮助。
as、including、no less than、together with、with、rather
动词作定语时,其修饰的词为逻辑主语;非谓语动词
子用逗号连接,再结合句意,可知本题考查非谓语动
作表语或状语时,主句的主语是逻辑主语;非谓语动
词。第二步,分析句子意思可知,空格处应作后置定
词作宾语补足语时,
主句的宾语是逻辑主语。
解题过程中考生还应考虑以下情况:
1.如果逻辑主语和非谓语动词构成了主动关系,
(decorate)with red envelopes...(2020 年全国 II 卷)
非谓语动词解题三部曲
非谓语动词解题三部曲非谓语动词在高中阶段是一项重要的语法项目,也是学生感觉比较复杂,难以掌握的部分。
然而历年高考对非谓语的考查都占有一定比例,因此掌握一些解题技巧尤为重要。
非谓语动词虽然内容广泛,包括分词·动名词·不定式,貌似很复杂,但不要忘了它们是有共性的。
那么我们抓住其共性,掌握其不同来解题是有一定规律的。
非谓语动词解题技巧可以归纳为以下三个步骤:1:判断是否非谓语动词2:判断语态3:判断时态一:判断是否非谓语动词在一个句子(简单句或分句)中,通常只有一个谓语动词,如果一个句子中已有一个作谓语的动词,那么再有动词形式出现,很可能就是作非谓语动词的。
(1).He came over and ______ .(2). He came over, _____ .A.singB..sangC. sung D .singing(1)中and 连接并列谓语动词,故需要谓语动词,选B;而(2)中came over 作谓语动词,空白处需要用非谓语动词,根据其与逻辑主语的关系选D。
再看下面的例子:(3).The library_____30,000 books was built ten years ago.(4).The library which______30,000 books was built ten years ago.A.containB.containsC.containingD.contained同样(3)中不缺少谓语动词,选C;而(4)中缺少谓语动词,选B.二:判断语态非谓语动词同样具有主动和被动两种语态,在判断缺少非谓语动词的前提下,再判断其语态是使解题思路豁然开朗的一个关键步骤,因为主被动的关系可能会排除一个甚至几个选项,使答案一目了然。
(5).When first_____to the market, these products enjoyed great success.A.introducingB.introducedC.introduceD.being introduced非谓语动词与其逻辑主语构成被动关系,且表达已经完成的动作,故选 B.在判断出被动关系后,可一起排除AC两个选项,使得答案清晰起来。
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把握解题规律,轻松破解非谓语动词非谓语动词内容繁多,用法复杂,是学生们在英语学习过程中的最大难点,也是高考中的必考项目。
纵观09高考,各省市单选题中非谓语动词题目达29道之多。
同学们要想掌握非谓语动词的用法,尤其是不定式和两种分词的不同用法,快速准确地解题,不妨牢记非谓语动词解题“五步骤”:“牢记核心意义--分析句子成分—寻找逻辑主语—了解时间关系—掌握特殊情况”。
在做题过程中通过以上五个步骤而逐步排除干扰项,很快就可以找准答案。
此“五步骤”的具体内容如下:1.牢记核心意义。
不定式表将来,目的,出乎意料的结果或表示动作发生的全过程;现在分词表主动,进行,自然地结果;过去分词表被动或完成。
2.分析句子成分。
不定式在句中可充当主语、宾语、表语、定语、补语以及状语;分词可充当表语、定语、补语和状语。
3.寻找逻辑主语,把握主被动关系。
非谓语动词虽然在语法上没有主语,但它仍表示的是动作,因此在意义上会有一个动作的发出者,这个发出者就是它的逻辑主语。
作主语补足语,表语和状语时,逻辑主语为句子的主语;作宾语补足语,逻辑主语为宾语;作定语,逻辑主语是所修饰的先行词;复合结构自带逻辑主语。
如果非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的是主动关系,用现在分词或不定式的主动式,如果是被动关系,则用过去分词或不定式的被动式,如果表被动进行,则用现在分词的被动式或不定式的被动进行式。
4.了解时间关系,选择一般式还是完成式。
如果非谓语动词与句子的谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生,用一般式;如果发生在之前,则用完成式,如果强调正在进行,则用进行时;如果动作在将来发生,则用不定式。
5.掌握特殊情况。
主要是指一些习惯用法,固定搭配等。
如有些动词后必须加不定式做宾语,而另外一些动词后必须加动词-ing形式作宾语,还有些动词后两种形式都可以,但意义上有差别,这些都需要同学们认真识记。
典型高考题例:①____ that she was going off to sleep, I asked if she’d like that little doll on her bed.【08北京】A. SeeingB. To seeC. SeeD. Seen【解题分析】非谓语动词see构成的短语与句子的主语I即其逻辑主语之间是主动关系,用在句首,中间与句子用逗号分开,表示伴随情况,用作伴随状语,因此用现在分词。
②I like getting up very early in summer. The morning air is so good ____.【08全国卷I】A. to be breathedB. to breatheC. breathingD. being breathed【解题分析】在主系表结构中,当表语形容词为good, light,heavy, difficult等时,其后常用不定式作状语,表示时间,原因,结果等,且常用主动形式表示被动意义,因此选B。
此处为特殊情况。
③----Did the book give the information you needed?----Yes. But ____ it, I had to read the entire book. 【08北京】A. to findB. findC.to be findingD. finding【解题分析】非谓语动词短语与主句之间用逗号隔开,作状语。
根据句意:为了找到需要的信息,我不得不看完整本书的内容,表示目的。
不定式常在句首作目的状语,且此处不表示动作正在进行,因此用一般式,选A。
④—Is Bob still performing?—I'm afraid not. He is said____ the stage already as he has become an official【05江苏】A. to have leftB. to leaveC. to have been leftD. to be left【解题分析】非谓语动词leave作主语he的补足语;逻辑主语是“he”,与动词“leave”为主动关系,因此可排除C、D两项;根据句意,强调主语“he”在“is said”之前已经离开了舞台,故应该用完成式,可排除B项,正确答案A。
⑤____ from other continents for millions of years, Australia has many plants and animals not found in any other country in the world. 【05湖北】A. Being separatedB. Having separatedC. Having been separatedD. To be separated【解题分析】非谓语动词在句中作状语;逻辑主语是“Australia”,与动词“separate”为被动关系,排除B项;“separate”是主句谓语动词所表示的动作发生的原因,发生在之前,所以要用完成式,A、D项可排除,正确答案C。
⑥_____ automatically the e-mail will be received by all the club members. 【06上海】A. Mailed outB. Mailing outC. To be mailed outD. Having mailed out【解题分析】非谓语动词作方式状语,排除C项(不定式表目的);逻辑主语“the e-mail”与动词“mail”为被动关系,排除B项和D项,正确答案A。
⑦While watching television, ____.【05全国卷III】A. the doorbell rangB. the doorbell ringsC. we heard the doorbell ringD. we heard the doorbell rings【解题分析】此题需要逆向思维:根据已知的非谓语动词来判断正确的主句。
非谓语动词短语作状语,“watching”的逻辑主语只能是“we”而不可能是“the doorbell”,即可排除A和B项;ring作宾语补足语不能用单数第三人称,正确答案C。
⑧It’s necessary to be prepared for a job interview. ____ the answers ready will be of great help. 【05北京】A. To have hadB. Having hadC. HaveD. Having【解题分析】非谓语动词在句中作“will be of”的主语,排除C项;该动词在此处表示一种普遍行为,用动名词表示,排除A;A项和B项表示动词已经发生,不合句意,可排除。
正确答案D。
⑨After he became conscious, he remembered _______ and ________ on the head with a rod. 【06江西】A. to attack; hitB. to be attacked; to be hitC. attacking; be hitD. having been attacked; hit【解题分析】特殊情况:“remember”接动名词的一般式或完成式均表示“记得已经发生过的事”,答案应选D。
⑩— There is a story here in the paper about a 110-year-old man.—My goodness! I can’t imagine _________ that old.【06江苏】A. to beB. to have beenC. beingD. having been【解题分析】固定搭配:“imagine”后只接动名词作宾语,排除A、B两项;此处非谓语动词表示未发生的动作,故排除D项,正确答案C。
以上高考真题基本上代表了非谓语动词各个不同类型的考查方式和特点。
可以看出,并非每道题都要全面考虑以上“五步骤”,有时只需通过一两个步骤即可得到答案。
我相信,只要同学们在训练中严格按照这种思路去分析,就可以练就一双火眼金睛,那么,再难的考查非谓语动词的试题都是可以快速得到答案的。
小试身手:(以下题目均为2009年高考题)1.(江西卷22)_________ the right kind of training, these teenage soccer players mayone day grow into the international stars.A. GivingB. Having givenC. To giveD. Given2.(江西卷34)The government plans to bring in new laws _____ parents to take more responsibility for the education of their children.A. forcedB. forcingC. to be forcedD. having forced3.(辽宁卷22)When we visited my old family home, memory came ______ backA. floodingB. to floodC. floodD. flooded4.(辽宁卷27), you need to give all you have and try your best.A Being a winnerB To be a winnerC Be a winnerD Having been a winner5.(湖南卷21)Every evening after dinner, if not from work, I will spend some timewalking my dog.A. being tiredB. tiringC. tiredD. to be tired6.(湖南卷25)At the age of 29, Dave was a worker, in a small apartment near Boston and ______ what to do about his future.A. living; wonderingB. lived; wonderingC. lived; wonderedD. living; wondered7.(湖南卷29)Nowadays people sometimes separate their waste to make it easier for it .A. reusingB. reusedC. reusesD. to be reused8.(山东卷22)We are invited to a party _________in our club next Friday.A. to be heldB. heldC. being heldD. holding9.(山东卷25)The number of foreign students attending Chinese universities ________ rising steadily since1990.A. isB. areC. has beenD. have been10.(重庆卷29)With the world changing fast, we have something new _______with all by ourselves every day.A. dealB. dealtC. to dealD. dealing11.(北京卷27)The way the guests ___ in the hotel influenced their evaluation of the service.A. treatedB. were treatedC. would treatD. would be treated12.(北京卷28)All of them try to use the power of the workstation ___ information in a more effective way.A. presentingB. presentedC. being presentedD. to present13.(北京卷34)____ twice, the postman refused to deliver our letters unless we changed our dog.A. Being bittenB. BittenC. Having bittenD. To be bitten14.(天津卷4)______ the project in time, the staff were working at weekends.A. CompetingB. Having completedC. To have completedD. To complete15.(天津卷9)_____ by the advances in technology, many farmers have set up wind farms on their land.A. Being encouragedB. EncouragingC. EncouragedD. Having encouraged16.(浙江卷3)______ and short of breath, Andy and Ruby were the first to reach the top of Mount Tai.A. To be triedB. TiredC. TiringD. Being tired17.(浙江卷7)There is a great deal of evidence that music activities engage different parts of the brain.A. indicateB. indicatingC. to indicateD. to be indicating18.(全国卷II 6)It is often _____ that human beings are naturally equipped to speak.A. saidB. to sayC. sayingD. being said重庆卷D25. Michael’s new house is like a huge palace, ______with his old one.A. comparingB. comparesC. to compareD. compared19.(四川卷2)A. He told us whether _________ a picnic was still under discussionA. to haveB. havingC. haveD. had20.(四川卷4)Ladies and gentlemen, please remain __________ until the plane has come to a complete stop.A. seatedB. seatingC. to seatD. seat21.(四川卷10)________ many times, he finally understood it.A. ToldB. TellingC. Having toldD. Having been told22.(江苏卷26)Schools across China are expected to hire 50,000 college graduates this year as short-term teachers, almost three times the number hired last year, reduce unemployment pressures.A. helpB. to have helpedC. to helpD. having helped23.(江苏卷32)Distinguished guests and friends, welcome to our school, the ceremony of the 50th Anniversary this morning are our alumni (校友) from home and abroad.A. AttendB. To attendC. AttendingD. Having attended24. (全国卷I 30)The children all turned the famous actress as the entered the classroomA. looked atB. to look atC. to looking atD. look at25.(全国卷I 35)Now that we’ve discussed our problem, are people happy with the decisionsA. takingB. takeC. taken D .to take26.(福建卷32)not to miss the flight at 15:20, the manager set out for the airport in a hurry. Ks5uA. RemindingB. RemindedC. To remindD. Having reminded27.(福建卷34)In April, 2009, President Hu inspected the warships in Qingdao, the 60th anniversary of the founding of the PLA Navy. Ks5uA. markingB. markedC. having markedD. being marked Ks5u28.(全国卷II 16)They use computers to keep the traffic ______ smoothly.A. being runB. runC. to runD. running29.(陕西卷12)I still remember to the Famen Temple and what I saw there .A to takeB to be takenC takingD being taken答案:1-5 DBABC 6-10 ADACC 11-15 BDBDC 16-20 BBAAA 21-25 DCCBC 26-29 BADD。