2015春欧洲文化入门选择题
《欧洲文化入门》练习及参考答案
欧洲文化入门各章练习及答案第一章填空题：1. The richness of European Culture was created by ________element and _________element. Greco-Roman Judeo-Christian2. The Homer’s epics consisted of_________. Iliad and Odyssey3. ________ is the first writer of “problem plays”. Euripides4. __________ is called “Father of History”. Herodotus5. ________is the greatest historian that ever lived. Thucydides6. The dividing range in the Roman history refers to ________. 27 B.C.7. “I came, I saw, I conquered.” is a famous saying by _______. Julius Caesar8. The representation form of Greek Democracy is __________. citizen-assembly.判断题1. Euclid says “Give me a place to stand, and I will move the world”. (×) Archimedes2. Herodotus’s historical writing is on the war between Anthens and Sparta. (×) Greeks and Persians名词解释：1. Pax Romana答：In the Roman history ,there came two hundred years of peaceful time, which was guaranteed by the Roman legions, it was known as Pax Romana2. “Democracy” in ancient Greece答： 1）Democracy means “exercise of power by the whole people”, but in Greece by “the whole people” the Greeks mea nt only the adult male citizens.2） Women, children, foreigners and slaves were excluded from Democracy.论述题：1. How did the Greek Culture originate and develop?1) Probably around 1200 B.C., a war was fought between Greece and troy. This is the war that Homer refers to in his epics.2) Greek culture reached a high point of development in the 5th century B.C.A. The successful repulse of the Persian invasion early in the 5th century.B. The establishment of democracy.C. The flourishing of science, philosophy, literature, art and historical writingin Athens.3)The 5th century closed with civil war between Athens and Sparta.4) In the second half of the 4th century B.C., Greece was conquered by Alexander, king of Macedon. Whenever he wentand conquered, whenever Greek culture was found.5) Melting between Greek culture and Roman culture in 146 B.C., the Romans conquered Greece.2. What is the great significance of Greek Culture on the later-on cultural development?答： There has been an enduring excitement about classical Greek culturein Europe and elsewhere Rediscovery of Greek culture played a vital part in the Renaissance in Italy and other European countries.1) Spirit of innovationThe Greek people invented mathematics and science and philosophy; They first wrote history as opposed to mere annals; They speculated freely about the nature of the world and the ends of life, without being bound in the fettersofany inherited orthodoxy.2) Supreme AchievementThe Greeks achieved supreme achievements in nearly all fields of human endeavour: Philosophy, science, epic poetry, comedy, historical writing, architecture, etc.3) Lasting effectA. Countless writers have quoted, borrowed from and otherwise used Homer’s epics, the tragedies of Aeschylus and Sophocles and Euripides, Aristophanes’s comedies, Plato’s Dialogues,ect.B. In the early part of the 19th century, in England alone, three young Romantic poets expressed their admiration of Greek culture in works which have themselves become classics: Byron’s Isles of Greece, Shelley’s Hellas and Prometheus Unbound and Keats’s Ode on a Grecian Urn.C. In the 20th century, there are Homeric parallels in the Iri shman James Joyce’s modernist masterpiece Ulysses.3. What is the similarity and difference between Greek culture and Roman culture? 答：1) similarities:A. Both peoples had traditions rooted in the idea of the citizen-assembly.B. Their religions were alike enough for most of their deities to be readily identified, and their myths to be fused.C. Their languages worked in similar ways, both being members of the Indo-European language family.2) differences:A. The Romans built up a vast empire; the Greeks didn’t, except for the brief moment of Alexander’s conquests, which soon disintegrated.B. The Romans were confident in their own organizational power, their military and administrative capabilities.4. What is the Rome historical background?答：1) The history of Rome divided into two periods: Before the year 27 B.C., Rome had been a republic; from the year 27 B.C., Octavius took supreme power as emperor with the title of Augustus and Roman Empire began.2) Two centuries later, the Roman Empire reached its climax, marked by land a rea’s extension: Encircling the Mediterranean.3) Strong military power: the famous Roman legions.4) In the Roman history ,there came two hundred years of peaceful time, which was guaranteed by the Roman legions,it was known as Pax Romana.5) Another important contribution made by the Romans to European culture was Roman Law.6) The empire began to decline in the 3rd century.A. In the 4th century the emperor Constantine moved the capital from Rome to Byzantium.Renamed it Constantinople (modern Istanbul).B. After 395, the empire was divided into East (The Byzantine Empire) and WestC. In 476 the last emperor of the West was deposed by Goths and this marked the end of the West Roman Empire.D. The East Roman Empire collapsed when Constantinople fell to the Turks in 1453.第二章填空题：1. ___________is by far the most influential in the West. Christianity2. The Hebrews history was recorded in _________of the Bible. the Old Testament3. The New Testament is about _________. the doctrine of Jesus Christ4. The story abo ut God’s flooding to the human being and only good-virtue being saved was recorded in Genesis,Pentateuch, the Old Testament, the Bible, which was known as _________. Noah’s Ark.5. The Birth of Jesus was recorded in ________. Matthew6. The story about Jesus being pinned in the cross to death was known as _________. The Last Supper.7. The first English version of whole Bible was translated from the Latin Vulgate in 1382 and was copied out by handby the early group of reformers led by _________. John Wycliff.名词解释:1. The Old TestamentThe Bible was divided into two sections: the Old Testament and the New Testament. The Old Testament is about God and the Laws of God. The word “Testament” means “agreement”, the agreement between God and Man.2. PentateuchThe Old Testament consists of 39 books, the oldest and most important of which are the first five books, called Pentateuch. Pentateuch contains five books: Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, Deuteronomy.3. GenesisGenesis is one of the five books in Pentateuch, it tells about a religious account of the origin of the Hebrews people, including the origin of the world and of man, the career of Issac and the life of Jacob and his son Joseph.4. ExodusExodus is one of the five books in Pentateuch, it tells about a religious history of the Hebrews during their flight from Egypt, the period when they began to receive God’s Law. Joshua brought the people safely back toCanaan.5. The Book of DanielThe Book of Daniel belongs to The Old Testament of the Bible. It tells about the Hebrews being carried away into Babylon.论述简答题：1. What are the beliefs of Christianity?答： Christianity based itself on two forceful beliefs which separate it from all other religions.1）One is that Jesus Christ is the Son of God, and that God sent him to earth to live as humans live, suffer as humans suffer, and die to redeem mankind.2）The other is that God gave his only begotten son , so that whosoever believes in him should not perish, but have everlasting life.2. What are the different translation editions of the Bible?答：1)The oldest extant Greek translation of the Old Testament is known as the Septuagint. And it is still in use in the Greek Church today. But it only translated the Old Testament.2) The most ancient extant Latin version of the whole Bible is the Vulgate edition,which was done in 385-405 A.D. By St. Jerome in common people’s language. It became the official Bible of the Roman Catholic Church throughout the world.3) The first English version of whole Bible was translated from the Latin Vulgate in 1382 and was copied out by hand by the early group of reformers led by John Wycliff.4) After John Wycliff’s version, appeared William Tyndale’s version. It was based on the original Hebrew and Greek sources.5) The Great Bible ordered by Henry Ⅷ in 1539 t o be placed in all the English churches was in part founded on Tyndale’s work.6) The most important and influential of English Bible is the “Authorized” or “King James” version, first published in 1611. It was produced by 54 biblical scholars at the command of King James. With its simple, majestic Anglo-Saxon tongue, it is known as the greatest book in the English languages.7) The Revised Version appeared in 1885, and the standard American edition of the Revised Version in 1901.8) The Good News Bible and the New English Bible.3. What is the great significance of the translations of the bible?答：1) It is generally accepted that the English Bible and Shakespeare are two great reservoirs of Modern English.2) Miltion’s Paradise Lost, Bunyan’s Pilgrim’s Progress, Byron’s Cain, up to the contemporary Hemingway’s The Sun Also Rises, and Steinbeck’s East of Eden. They are not influenced without the effect of the Bible.第三章填空题：1. In _______ a Germanic (日耳曼) general killed the last Roman emperor and took control of the government. 4762. After 1054, the church was divided into _________ and _______. the Roman Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox Church.3. _______ is the one who translated into Latin both Old and New Testament from the Hebrew and Greek originals. St. Jerome4. ______introduced French and Italy writing the English native alliterative verse.5. Both ___________are the best representative of the middle English. Chaucer and The Canterbury Tales6. _________ paved the way for the development of what is the present-day European culture. the Middel Ages名词解释1. the Middle agesIn European history, the thousand-year period following the fall of the Western Roman Empire in the fifth century is called the Middle Ages. The middle ages is so called because it came between ancient times and modern times. To be specific, from the 5th century to 15th century.2. FeudalismFeudalism in Europe was mainly a system of land holding— a system of holding land in exchange for military service. The word “feudalism” was derived from the Latin “feudum”, a grant of land.3. The ManorThe centre of medieval life under feudalism was the manor. Manors were founded on the fiefs of the lords. By the twelfth century manor houses were made of stone and designed as fortresses. They came to be called castles.4. Carolingian RenaissanceCarolingian Renaissance is derived from Charlemagne’s name in Latin, Carolus. The most interesting facet of this rather minor renaissance is the spectacle of Frankish or Germanic state reaching out to assimilate the riches of the Roman Classical and the Christianized Hebraic culture.5. Gothic1) The Gothic style started in France and quickly spread through all parts of Western Europe.2) It lasted from the mid-12th to the end of 15th century and, in some areas, into the 16th. More churches were built in this manner than in any other style in history.3) The Gothic was an outgrowth of the Romanesque.论述简答题：1. Why is the middle ages is called Age of Faith？答：1) During the Medieval times there was no central government to keep the order. The only organization that seemed to unite Europe was the Christian church.2) The Christian church continued to gain widespread power and influence.3) In the Late middle ages, almost everyone in western Europe wasa Christian and a member of the Christian Church. Christianity took the lead in politics, law, art, and learningfor hundreds of years.4) It shaped people’s lives. That is why the middle ages is also called the “Age of Faith”.2. What is the great significance of the Crusades?答：1) The crusades brought the East into closer contact with the West.And they greatly influenced the history of Europe.2) During the wars while many of the feudal lords went to fight in Palestine, kings at home found opportunities to strengthen themselves. Thus among other things, Crusades helped to break down feudalism, which, in turn led to the rise of the monarchies.3) Besides, through their contact with the more cultured Byzantines and Moslems, the western Europeans changed many of their old ideas. Their desire for wealth or power began to overshadow their religious ideals.4) The Crusades also resulted in renewing people’s interest in learning and invention. By the 13th century, universities had spread all over Europe. Such knowledge as Arabic numerals, algebra , and Arab medicine were introduced to the West.5) As trade increased, village and towns began to grow into cities. And the rise of towns and trade in western Europe paved the way of the growth of strong national governments.3. How did learning and science develop in the Middle Ages?答：1) Charlemagne and Carolingian Renaissance:A. He was crowned “Emperor of the Romans” by the pope in 800.B. Carolingian Renaissance is derived from Charlemagne’s name in Latin, Carolus. The most interesting facet of this rather minor renaissance is the spectacle of Frankish or Germanic state reaching out to assimilate the riches of the Roman Classical and the Christianized Hebraic culture.2) Alfred the Great and Wessex Centre of Learning:A. He promoted translations into the vernacular from Latin works.B. He also inspired the compilation of the Anglo-Saxon Chronicles.3) St. Thomas Aquinas and Scholasticism:4) Roger Bacon and Experimental Science:A. Roger Bacon, a monk, was one of the earliest advocates of scientific research.B. He called for careful observation and experimentation. His main work was the Opus maius.4. How did literature develop in the middle ages?答：1) The epic was the product of the Heroic Age. It was an important and mostly used form in ancient literature.“National epic” refers to the epic written in vernacular languages—that is, the languages of various national states that came into being in the Middle Ages. Literary works were no longer all written in Latin. It was the starting point of a gradual transition of European literature from Latin culture to a culture that was thecombination of a variety of national characteristics. Both Beowulf and song of Roland were the representative works of the National Epics.2) Dante Alighieri and The Divine Comedy:A. His masterpiece, The Divine Comedy, is one of the landmarks of world literature.B. The poem expresses humanistic ideas which foreshadowed the spirit of Renaissance.C. Dante wrote his masterpiece in Italian rather than in Latin.3) Geoffery Chaucer and The Canterbury Tales:A. The Canterbury Tales were his most popular work.B. Most of the tales are written in verse which reflects Chaucer’s innovation by introducing into the native alliterativeverse the French and Italian styles.C. Chaucer is thus to be , regarded as the first short story teller and the first modern poet in English literature.D. Chaucer and the Canterbury Tales were representative of the Middle ages.5. What is the difference between the vernacular language used in the National epics and the vernacular language used by Mark twain?答：1) The epic was the product of the Heroic Age. It was an important and mostly used form in ancient literature.“National epic” refers to the epic written in vernacular languages—that is, the languages of various national states that came into being in the Middle Ages. Literary works were no longer all written in Latin. It was the starting point of a gradual transition of European literature from Latin culture to a culture that was the combination of a variety of national characteristics. Both Beowulf and song of Roland were the representative works of the National Epics.2) The vernacular language used by Mark twain refers to both local and colloq language used in the Mississippi area, with a strong characteristic of that region. Mark twain used vernacular language not only in dialogue, but also in narration.3) His representative works Life on the Mississippi.6. What were the power and influence of the Roman Catholic church in the Medieval times?1) With a highly centralized and disciplined international organization from priests to Pope, the Roman Catholic Church seemed to be the only unity across the western Europe of the Medieval times. It developed a civilization based on Christianity and helped to preserve and pass on the heritage of the classical cultures by the official language of Latin.2) with the Pope as the supreme head of all the Christian Churches of the western Europe, the Catholic (meaning universal) church received heavy taxes from lay people and various supports from nobles and kings. Church could remove any opponents political rights or even emperors, with the powerful symbol of the Inquisition, the Church court to punish heresy.3) The Medieval Church was the center of the Europeans’ daily life and almost everyone became a member of theChurch. People turned to the Church for comfort and spiritual guidance; the Church also was the center of holy communion, recreation, trade and communal activity.4) Clergy then was the only literate class, so kings and nobles used them to implement important secular governmental duties.5) The Church took the lead in politics, law, art, and learning throughout the “Age of Faith”. For example, Romanesque and Gothic arts were predominantly religious; in learning, it influenced greatly the western thinking with the monks’ work on copying and translating ancient books, the Church Fathers’ philosophy, Monasticism, Scholasticism and Experimental science.6) originally for regaining the holy city of Jerusalem, the Church launched 200-year Crusades, which helped to bread down feudalism and enhanced the cultural contact between the West and the East.第四章填空题：1. Renaissance started in ________ and ________ with the flowering of paintings, sculpture and architecture. Florence and Venice.2. In Renaissance literature of Italy, _______ was the representative poet. Petrarch3. At the heart of the Renaissance philosophy was the assertion of _________. the greatness of man.4. The idea of the greatness of man is reflected in __________ literature. Shakespeare’s5. The national religion established after reformation in England was called _______. The church of England or The Anglican Church.6. It was under the reign of _______ that reformation was successful in England. Henry Ⅷ.7. Montaigne was a French humanist known for his _______. “Essais”(Essays).8. The representative novelist of Renaissance in Spain was __________ with his famous work_______, which marked European culture entry into a new stage. Cervantes DonQuixote9. The Venus of Urbino is ___________ works. Titian10. _______ translated the whole Bible with the vernacular language. Martin Luther 名词解释:1. RenaissanceGenerally speaking, Renaissance refers to the period between the 14th and mid-17th century. Th e word “Renaissance” means revival, specifically in this period of history, revival of interest in ancient Greek and Roman culture. Renaissance, in essence, was a historical period in which the European humanist thinkers and scholars made attempts to get rid of conservatism in feudalist Europe and introduce new ideas that expressed the interests of the rising bourgeoisie, to lift the restrictions in all areas placed by the Roman church authorities.2. ReformationThe Reformation was a 16th century religious movement as well as a socio-political movement. It began as Martin Luther posted on the door of the castle church at the University of Wittenberg his 95 thesis. This movement which swept over the whole of Europe was aimed at opposing the absolute authority of the Roman Catholic Church and replacing it with the absolute authority of the Bible. The reformists engaged themselves in translating the Bible into their mother tongues. 3. Counter-ReformationBy late 1520 the Roman Catholic Church had lost its control over the church in Germany. The Roman Catholic Church did not stay idle. They mustered their forces, the dedicated Catholic groups, to examine the Church institutions and introduce reforms and improvements, to bring back its vitality. This recovery of power is often called by historiansthe Counter-Reformation.论述简答题：1. What are the Geographical Discoveries in the Renaissance?答：The Renaissance was the golden age of geographical discoveries: by the year of 1600 the surface of the known earth was doubled.1)Columbus: Columbus discovered the land of America. On his fourth voyage he explored the coast of Central America.2)Dias: Dias was a Portuguese navigator who discovered the Cape of Good Hope in 1487.3)Da Gama: Gama was a Portuguese navigator, who discovered the route to India round the Cape of Good Hope between the years of 1497 and 1498.4)Amerig：Amerigo was the Italian navigator on whose honour America was named. His discovered and explored the mouth of the Amazon and accepted South America as a new continent.2. What positive influence does the reformation exert on world culture?答:1)The Roman Catholic Church was never the international court to which all rulers and states were to be morally responsible for.2)Economically, peasants all over Europe had no need to pay a good amount of their gains to the Pope.3)In educational and cultural matters, the monopoly of the church was broken.4)In religion, Protestantism brought into being different forms of Christianity to challenge the absolute rule of the Roman Catholic Church.5)In language, the dominant position of Latin had to give way to the national languages as a result of various translations of the Bible into the vernacular.6)In spirit, absolute obedience became out-moded and the spirit of quest, debate , was ushered in by the reformists.3. What contribution did the Renaissance make to the world culture?答：1、The Renaissance created a culture which freed man to discover and enjoy the world in a way not possible under the medieval Church’s dispensation.2、The Reformation dealt the feudal theocracy a fatal blow.第五章填空题：1. The modern world, so far as mental outlook is concerned, begins in ________. the 17th century2. _________ formed the basis of all modern planetary astronomy and led to Newton’s discovery of the laws of gravitation. Kepler’s Laws3. “Knowledge is power.” By _____. Francis Bacon4. Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested. By _____. Francis Bacon5. Leviathan is written by ________. Tomas Hobbes6. The English Revolution is also called __________. Bourgeoisie Revolution.7. In _______, the Bill of Rights was enacted by the English Parliament. 16898. There are two leaders in the English Revolution. _______ was the man of action and ________ the man of thought. Cromwell, Milton.9. The best repr esentative of French neoclassicism is ________. Molière名词解释：1. the laws of gravitation: the sun, the moon, the earth, the planets, and all the other bodies in the universe move in accordance with the same basic force, which is call gravitation.2. ClassicismClassicism implies the revival of the forms and traditions of the ancient world, a return to works of old Greek literature from Homer to Plato and Aristotle. But French classicism of the 17th century was not conscious of being a classical revival. It intended to produce a literature, French to the core, which was worthy of Greek and classical ideals.This neoclassicism reached its climax in France in the 17th century.3. Baroque ArtBaroque Art, flourished first in Italy, and then spread to Spain, Portugal, France in south Europe and to Flander and the Netherlands in the North. It was characterized by dramatic intensity and sentimental appeal with a lot of emphasis on light and colour.论述简答1. Why do we say the 17th century is a transitional period from middle ages to the modern times?答：1) This advance began in science, in astronomy, physics and pure mathematics, owing to the work of Galileo, Kepler, Newton and Descartes. 2) The outlook of educated men was transformed. There was a profound change in the conception of men’s place in the universe.3) The new science and philosophy gave a great push to the political struggle waged by the newly emerged class, the bourgeoisie, and other chasses.4) The modern world, so far as mental outlook is concerned, begins in the 17th century.2. What are the merits shared by the Great Scientists of 17th century？答：During the 17th century, the modern Scientific method began to take shape. It emphasized observation and experimentation before formulating a final explanation or generalization. Copernicus、Kepler、Galileo、Newton and other scientists of the time shared two merits which favoured the advance of science.1) First, they showed boldness in framing hypotheses.2) Second, they all had immense patience in observation.3) The combination of the two merits brought about fundamental changes in man’s scientific and philosophical thinking.3. What is Baconian Philosophical system?答：1) The whole basis of his philosophy was practical: to give mankind mastery over the forces of nature by means of scientific discoveries and inventions.2) He held that philosophy should be kept separate from theology, not intimately be blended with it as in Scholasticism.3) Bacon established the inductive method. Induction means reasoning from particular facts or individual cases to a general conclusion.. Deductive method emphasized reasoning from a known principle to the unknown and from thegeneral to the specific.4) In a word, to break with the past, and to restore man to his lost mastery of the natural world. This was what Bacon called the Great Instauration.4. What is the difference between Hobbes and Locke in terms of nature Law?答：For Locke, Nature Law, therefore, means a universally obligatory moral law promulgated by the human reason. Whereas for Hobbes it means the law of power, force and fraud.5. What is the different between Tomas Hobbes and John Locke in terms of Social Contract?1) John Lock’s Social Contract consists of :A. Society is out of necessity, convenience and man’s own interest, and therefore, society is natural to man.B. The institution of political society and government must proceed from the consent of those who are incorporated into political society and subject themselves to government.C. Locke emphasized that the social contract must be understood as involving the individual’s consent to submit to the will of the ma jority and that the will of the majority must prevail.D. Locke also believed that the ruler of government is one partner of the social contract. If he violates the social contract, then government is effectively dissolved. This idea was welcomed by the Americans during the AmericanRevolution and the bourgeoisie revolution in England.2 Tomas Hobbes’ Social Contract consists of:A. It is necessary that there should be a common power or government backed by force and able to punish.B. Commonwealth, in Latin, Civitas.C. To escape anarchy, men enter into a social contract, by which they submit to thesovereign. In return for conferring all their powers and strength to the sovereign, men attain peace and security.D. The powers of the sovereign must be absolute, and it is only be the centralization of authority in one person that the evil can be avoided.E. As to the form of government, Hobbes preferred monarchy.F. Government was not created by God, but by men themselves.3) Although both Tomas Hobbes and John Locke used the term “social contract”, they differed fundamentally.A. Firstly, Hobbes argued men enter a social contract to escape the state of war, for, in his view, men are enemies and at war with each other. Locke argued men are equal and that they enter a social contract by reason.B. Secondly, Hobbes argued that individuals surrender their rights to one man, the sovereign whose power is absolute.Locke argued that the individuals surrender their rights to the community as a whole. According to him, by majority vote a representative is chosen, but his power not absolute. If he fails to implement the people’s will, the people have the right to overthrow him.4. What is the great significance of the English Revolution?1、It was the first time that capitalism has defeated absolute monarchy in history.2、The English Revolution marked that the modern times are approaching.3、After the English Revolution the constitutional monarchy has come into being as well as the Bill of Rights. The Bill of Right established the supremacy of the Parliament and put an end to divine monarchy in England. The Bill of Rights limited the Sovereign’s power in certain important directions.6. What are the characteristics of French classicism?1) In the French classical literature, man was viewed as a social being consciously and willingly subject to discipline.2) Rationalism was believed to be able to discover the best principles of human conduct and the universal principles of natural laws. Here Descartes provided the philosophical foundation for the French neoclassicism.3) French classicism was fond of using classical forms, classical themes and values.第六章填空题：1. ________was the first of the great French men of letters associated with the Enlightenment Montesquieu。
自考《欧洲文化入门试卷及答案练习题》
课程《欧洲文化入门》考试时间 120 分钟日期年月日姓名学号学院班级Ⅰ.Read the following unfinished statements or questionas carefully. For each unfinished statement or question, four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D are given. Choose the one that you think best completes the statement or answers the question. Write the letter of the answer you have choosen in the corresponding spcae on the answer sheet. (40 points, 2 point for each)———— was the founder of scientific mathematics.A. PythagorasB. DemocritusC. AristotleD. Diogenes2. Which of the following figures was regarded as “the master of those who know”byDante?A. PlatoB. SocratesC. AristotleD. Cicero3.________ was called “the greatest historian that ever lived”by Macaulay.A. ThucydidesB. HerodotusC. SocratesD. Aristotle4. The first king to unite the Hebrews was a warrior-famer name________ .A. MosesB. JoshuaC. SaulD. David5. Who issued the Edict of Milan in 313,whick granted religious freedom to all andmade Christianity legal?A. DomitianB. ValerianC. ConstantineD. Theodosius6. The ancestors of the Jews are called Hebrews which mean ________ .A. wanderersB. travelersC. tradersD. merchants7. In the latter part of the fourth century the ________ swept into Europe fromcentral Asia.A. TurkishB. HunsC. AthensD. Roman8. Apart from being a place of worship, the ________ was a place for recreation andthe center of trade and community activity.A. bridgeB. church buildingC. villageD. subway9. For two centuries beginning from the late fifteenth century,________ was thegolden city which gave birth to a whole generation of poets, scholars,artists and sculptors.A. MilanB. FlorenceC. VeniceD. the papal states10. which of the following figures knows “how to make beauty yield meaning andmeaning yield beauty”?.A. BoccaccioB. ShakespeareC. RaphaelD. Petrarch11. ________ is recognized as the father of the modern European novel and has hadgreat impact on world literature.A. Don QuixoteB. hamletC. Gargantua and PantagruelD. Utopia12. The English poet Alexander Pope once wrote:Nature and Nature’laws lay hid innight.God said, “let________ be”, and all was light.A. CopernicusB. KeplerC. NewtonD. Einstein13. It is generally believed that modern philosophy begins with Francis Bacon inEngland and with ________ in France.A. CorneilleB. LockeC. RousseauD. Descartes14. The great contribution of St.Jerome was ________.A. the building of monasteriesB. the translation of Old and New Testaments into LatinC. the setting up of the church systemD. none of the above15. Which of the following is not true about Dante?A. Dante was a great Italian poet.B. Dante wrote BeowulfC. Dante wrote his masterpiece in ItalianD. Dante was a great political thinker16. Scientists in the 17th century,such ans Galileo and Newton,attached greatimportance to ________ .A. deductive reasoningB. classical authorityC. direct observation and experimentD. humanist learning17. Which of the following is not true about Aristotle?A. In Aristotle the great humanist and the great man of science meet.B. Aristotle founded the school of the Stoics.C. Aristotle was tutor of Alexander.D. Aristotle wrote many books on logic,politics, poetry, rhetoric and othersubjects.18. ________ believed that the highest good in life was pleasure, freedom from painand emotional upheaval. .A. SophistsB. CynicsC. ScepticsD. Epicureans19. ________ is said to have told the king of Syracuse: “Give me a place to stand,and I will move the world.”A. ArchimedesB. AristotleC. PlatoD. Euclid20. In The Revolution of the Heavenly Orbs,________ put forward his theory that thesun, not the earth, is the center of the universe.A. KeplerB. GalileoC. NewtonD. CopernicusⅡ.In the following part there are two columns.The left hand column consists ofa list of names. The right hand column consists of a list of titles, names oforganizations, works or remarks in the right hand column and put the numbera orb orc etc. in the bracket on the test paper.(10 points, 1 point each)(a)Latin version of Bible22.Dante [ ] (b)The City of God23.Aristophanes [ ] (c)The Canterbury Tales24.Virgil [ ] (d)Aeneid25.Constantine [ ] (e)Last Supper26.Augustine [ ] (f)Virgin Mary27.Chaucer [ ] (g)Edict of Milan28.Leonardo da Vinci [ ] (h)Frogs29.Raphael [ ] (i)The Divine Comedy30.Homer [ ] (j)OdysseyⅢ.Give a one-sentence answer to each of the following question. Write your answer in the corresponding space on the test paper.(20 points, 2 points each) 31.Among many elements which constitute European culture, what are the two majorones?32.What are the four schools of philosophers who often argued with each other inthe 4th Greece?33.What gave birth to Christianity?34.What does the Old Testament mainly deal with?35.What classes were the people of weatern Europe under feudalism mainly dividedinto?36.Why did the Crusades go on about 200 years? the two men who made great efforts to promote learning in the Middle Ages.38.Which period does Renaissance refer to in the European history?39.List tow most famous pictures painted by Leonardo da Vinci.40.Who established oil colour on canvas as the typical medium of the pictorialtradition in western art?IV.Explain each of the following terms in English. Write your answer in the corresponding space on the test paper in around 40 words.(20 points, 5points each)41.Athens’democrach42.Beowulf43.John Locke44.OdysseyV.Write Between 100-120 Words on the following topic in the corresponding space on the test paper.(10 points)45.What is Baconian philosophical system and the different between inductie method(推理法)and deductive method(演绎法)?课程《欧洲文化入门》答案Ⅰ.1-10: A, C, A, C, C, A, B, B, B, D11-20: A, C, D, B, B, C, B, D, A, DⅡ. 21a,22i,23h,24d,25g,26b,27c,28e,29f,30jⅢ.31.The major elements are the Greco-Roman element and the Judeo-Christian element.32.The four schools of philosophers are Cynics,the Sceptics,the Epicureans and theStoics.33.It was the Jewish tradition that gave birth to Christianity.34.The Old Testment is about God and the Laws of God.35.people of western Europe under feudalism were mainly divided into threeclasses:clergy,lords and peasants.36.In 1071 the armies of the Turkish Moslems occupied Palestine, killing manyChristain pilgrims and even selling many others as slaves, which roused great indignation among Christains in western Europe and resulted in the crusades lasting on about 200 years.37.They are Charlemagne and Alfred the Great.38.Renaissance refers to the period between the 14th and mid 17th century.39.Mona Lisa and Last Supper are Leonardo da Vinci’s most famous pictures.40.It was the great Venetian painter Titian.IV41.Athens was a democracy. Democracy means “exercise of power by the wholepeople”,but by“the whole people”the Greeks meant only the adult male citizens, and citizenship was a set of rights which a man inherited from his father. 42.Beowulf is an Anglo-Saxon epic, in alliterative verse, originating from thecollective efforts of oral literature. The story is set in Denmard of Sweden and tells how the hero, Beowulf, defeats the monster Grendel and Grendel’s mother, a sea monster,but eventually receives his own death in fighting witha fire dragon.43.John Locke was a great English empiricist and an outstanding politicalphilosopher, whose writing on economics, politics and religion expressed the ideas of the time.44.Odyssey deals with the return of Odysseus after the Trojan war to his home islandof Ithaca. It describes many adventures he ran into on his long sea voyage and how finally he was reunited with his faithful wife Penelope.V.45.The answer as follows:1.The whole basis of his philosophy was practical: to give mankind mastery overthe forces of nature by means of scientific discoveries and inventions.2.He held that philosophy should be kept separate from theology, not intimatelybe blended with is as in Scholasticism.3.Bacon established the inductive method. Induction means reasoning fromparticular facts or individual cases to a general conclusion. Deductive method emphasized reasoning from a known principle to the unknown and from the general to the specific.4.In a word, to break with the past, and to restore man to his lost mastery of naturalworld. This was what Bacon called the Great Instauration.。
欧洲入门文化(300题)
欧洲文化入门1．第1题Which of the following is not true about the Greek culture? CC.The Greeks honored the city's gods every day2．第2题Historical narrative is best represented in the New Testament by the_C__.C.Acts of the Apostles3．第3题The images of Cronus and Rhea reflect ____C_______.C.the communal marriage in the primitive society4．第4题The ancient Greeks__B_.B.firmly believed myths to be true5．第5题According to Greek mythology, __A_ opened a forbidden jar and happened to release the plagues into the world. A.Pandora6．第6题According to Greek myths about creation, _D___was the foundation of all things. D.Chaos7．第7题By a complex process of violence, struggle, and sexual attraction,__built up the power. B.Zeus8．第8题The history of the English Bible is the history of the formation of the English language__.AA.from a mixture of French, Anglo-Norman, and Anglo-Saxon;9．第13题The Spanish monarchy was __.AA.set up by the Christians10．第14题Magna Carta in 1215 in England was a document that __.DD.spoke for the nobles11．第23题Which of the following is Not true about Christianity in the 3rd century?D.The Bible in English began to spread in England12．第24题William Tyndale translated the New Testament in the 16 century from __B_.B.the Greek text13．第25题The kingdom of God refers to_B_. B.the rule of God14．第26题According to the New Testament the Christian church _C_.C.spoke more of salvation15．第27题The Fourth Crusade in the 13th century was in fact__. B.turned into a siege of a Christian city16．第32题On Mount Olympus were ___ major gods and goddesses known as the Olympians.B.twelve17．第34题Greek myths reflect Greeks' exploration of the followings except_C__.C.the mysterious outer space18．第35题The name Jesus suggests__.BB.that God saves us from sin19．第36题The images of gods in Greek mythology impress us as ____B_____.B.beings with human emotions who lived among us20．第37题Mythology has exerted a great influence on the arts in___A.all parts of the world21．第38题Which of the following is not true about the Greeks?A.They produced their sacred written text like the Bible22．第39题Odysseus___ returned to his faithful wife after the ten-year Trojan War.C.was a Greek hero who23．第40题In the Renaissance, the ancient myths___.A.served as sources of inspiration for artistic creation24．第41题The first complete English Bible was the work of translation by John Wycliffe from___. B.the Greek text25．第42题The early Christians were against ___. D.pagan culture26．第43题According to Greek mythology ___, which goes well with the idea of Daoism in China.A.something can be produced from nothing27．第44题Which of the following about Jesus is Not true according to the Gospels? C.He was the presence of God in the world28．第45题According to the New Testament, the central message of Jesus was__.A.the kingdom of God29．第46题In the New Testament Jesus was portrayed as the following figure except____.D.the almighty God30．第47题It was ____who unified England for the first time.D.King Alfred and his successors31．第48题The Late Middle Ages almost at the same time__.A.began with the Renaissance32．第49题In the Carolingian time popes__.B.were regarded as models of piety33．第50题___ were regarded as heretics in the Middle Ages.B.Those who did not believe in Christianity34．第67题Which is not true about the heroes in Greek mythology?B.They never die35．第68题Which of the following is not true about the Greeks' belief in heroes? A.They were immortal36．第69题The Romans began to represent their gods in human form ___.D.after coming into contact with foreign culture37．第70题Which is not true in the following about the disruptive deities?C.They were in fact mortals38．第71题Myths____. C.explain the origin of man and nature39．第72题The Greeks’ sense of gods is shared by __. A.the Romans40．第73题Which of the following does not contribute to our knowledge of Greek mythology? D.Guesswork41．第74题Which is not true in the following about Zeus?rC.He ruled the sea42．第75题Roman writers like Virgil and Ovid were famous as they ___.B.created an inspiring Greco-Roman mythology43．第76题The King James version of the Bible __.pleted in the 17 century44．第77题Which of the following is Not true about the king Herod?C.He killed all the boys where Jesus lived45．第78题Which of the following is Not included in the major themes of the New Testament? B.the human persons46．第79题Which of the following is Not true about Jesus?B.His real father was Joseph47．第80题The religious ministry of Jesus was followed by his 12 apostles for ___.D.Israel was made up of 12 tribes48．第81题Before the First Crusade, Jews__. C.were forced into the cities 49．第82题Overgrowth of population in Europe in the Late Middle Ages caused __.B.the shortage of food supply50．第83题Romanesque style appeared_. A.earlier than Gothic style51．第9题The historical narratives of the Old Testament are popular. T52．第10题The Roman Catholic version of the Old Testament is made up of the Jewish Bible and some other books. T53．第11题Early Christians regarded the Old Testament as an agreement God made through Moses. F54．第12题The Old Testament includes literature and oral tradition found in other ancient literature like that of Far East. F55．第15题The books of Deuteronomy recorded Israel's whole history. T56．第16题The major theological theme of the Old Testament is that Yahweh is the only God in the world. F57．第17题In the prophetic literature narratives predominate. F58．第18题The most significant part of the Jewish Bible is that of the poems.F59．第19题That the Roman Empire grew too large to control and to resist foreign invasions is the leading factor that contributed to the birth of the Byzantine, Islam and the west. T60．第20题Saints were considered as models of virtue.T61．第21题The Germans by no means traded with the Romans.F62．第22题The West featured unproductive land.T63．第28题Many scholars claim that much of the cultural dynamism of the Renaissance also had its roots in medieval times and that changes were rather abrupt than progressive. F64．第29题In the Middle Ages, people thought they were living in the Middle Ages.您的答案：错误65．第30题The Palestine of Jesus' day included Israel today.T66．第31题Renaissance humanists believed it was possible to improve human society through classical education.T67．第33题People in the early Middle Ages by no means cared about local leaders.您的答案：错误68．第51题In the Jewish Bible there are 27 books in Hebrew.F69．第52题In terms of literature, the Old Testament is an anthology because it is a collection of myths.F70．第53题All the narratives in the Old Testament may be called salvation stories because they are concerned with showing how human beings were freed from sin.F71．第54题Recently, scholars argue for the Hebrew cultural influence on apocalyptic literature.T72．第55题The Old Testament tells the true history of the Jews.F73．第56题Etiological stories are those which explain the origin of some place,practice or name.T74．第57题According to the Old Testament, Man is a unity of life and death.F 75．第58题Jesus lived in the early 1st century.T76．第59题Christianity was spread first by Jesus out of Palestine.F77．第60题The word renaissance means "renewal".F78．第61题Prosperous trading society is common to Byzantium, Islam and the West.您的答案：错误79．第62题Monasteries were by no means elements of religious life.F80．第63题Monks in the Merovingian time lived in the temples.F81．第64题Participants in the Renaissance came to the conclusion that their own commercial achievements rivaled those of antiquity.F82．第65题The Merovingians became more civilized after adopting Roman institutions.您的答案：正确83．第66题Renaissance refers to a series of political and religious movements in the 14th, 15th, and 16th centuries F84．第84题The original language of the Old Testament is Latin. F85．第85题More accurately, the patriarchal stories in Genesis should be called families stories. T86．第86题The early Christian church included in the Christian Bible the written records of both the Old and the New Testament because it believed in the continuity of history and of divine activity. T87．第87题According to the author of the apocalyptic writings, Evil powers would struggle against God. T88．第88题The Christian Bible is made up of the Old Testament and the New Testament.您的答案：错误89．第89题That different from other creatures, man is a unity of physical matter andlife is one of the major theological themes of the Old Testament. F90．第90题The second law in the Old Testament refers to the book of Genesis.F 91．第91题The period of transformations of the Roman Empire into Middle Ages is often called the Late Antiquity.T92．第92题There were schools and universities located in city cathedrals in the Central Middle Ages.T93．第93题The common features of the Byzantine, Islam and the west are depopulated cities, unproductive land and fragmented power. F94．第94题Beginning in the 4th century, army units of German were welcomed into the Roman Empire to defend the Romans. T95．第95题The pope and the Byzantine church shared the same interpretationof Christianity. F96．第96题The Crusades by no means strengthened Byzantium. T97．第97题By any means, the Renaissance represents a change in focus and emphasis from the Middle Ages. T98．第98题The end of Byzantium marks the end of Middle Ages. T99．第99题Christians suffered persecution until the 4th century. T100．第100题By 750 the Muslims had subdued Turkey. F二1．第1题Many works of painting and sculpture have taken myths as their ___. C.subject2．第2题Herod was the king who was___ B.jealous of Jesus3．第3题Myths____. C.explain the origin of man and nature4．第4题Odysseus___ returned to his faithful wife after the ten-year Trojan War.C.was a Greek hero who5．第5题According to Greek mythology, Paris,___, which resulted in the Trojan war.A.son of King of Troy, abducted Helen, a Greek beauty6．第6题The early Hebrews___.A.concentrated on the role of a supreme god7．第7题Greek mythology relates the development of the order of the universeto_____ . C.Chaos8．第8题The Greeks’ sense of gods is shared by __. A.the Romans9．第9题Which of the following is not shared by Eve in Bible and Pandora in Greek myths? D.Being turned from immortal to mortal10．第10题The early Christians were against ___. D.pagan culture11．第11题Roman writers like Virgil and Ovid were famous as they ___.B.created an inspiring Greco-Roman mythology12．第12题Historical narrative is best represented in the New Testament by the___.C.Acts of the Apostles13．第13题Greek mythology reflects the following except_____ .D.how the Greeks interpreted the world as being orderly14．第14题The deeds of the heroes Heracles and Theseus embody the conflict between___.D.civilization and wild savagery15．第15题Which of the following is Not included in the major themes of the Old Testament? C.the Holy Spirit16．第16题In the New Testament Jesus was portrayed as the following figure except____.D.the almighty God17．第17题The Fourth Crusade in the 13th century was in fact__.B.turned into a siege of a Christian city18．第18题Black Death caused __.C.more harm in the cities19．第19题Magna Carta in 1215 in England was a document that __.D.spoke for the nobles20．第21题In the search for the Golden Fleece to regain his throne, Jason ____.C.fought against a dragon that never slept21．第22题A gospel in the New Testament ___.A.is a series of individual accounts of acts or sayings22．第23题The kingdom of God refers to__. B.the rule of God23．第24题Which of the following is Not true about monasteries?C.Monks did not have to work in the fields at all24．第25题The Spanish monarchy was __.A.set up by the Christians25．第26题The First Crusade was important because __.C.it was the first example of European expansionism26．第51题In the Middle Ages, the ancient myths___.C.were interpreted allegorically27．第52题According to Greek mythology, ___ opened a forbidden jar and happened to release the plagues into the world. A.Pandora28．第53题Scholars believe that Greek mythology__.B.was influenced by cultures in the Middle East29．第54题Greek mythology influenced Western culture in the following aspects except_. B.architecture30．第55题The name Jesus suggests__. B.that God saves us from sin31．第56题In the Age of Enlightenment, there was emphasis on____. B.rationality 32．第57题The Greeks imagined their gods to have human shape, which was__.D.strongly idealized33．第58题The 19th-century interpretation of myths became more___. C.scientific 34．第59题Which of the following is Not included in the major themes of the New Testament? B.the human persons35．第60题The ancient Greeks___.B.firmly believed myths to be true36．第61题According to Greek myths about creation, ____was the foundation of all things. D.Chaos37．第62题Which of the following is not true about the Greeks' belief in heroes?A.They were immortal38．第63题Roman mythology is actually___. B.not purely Roman39．第64题The religious ministry of Jesus was followed by his 12 apostles for ___.D.Israel was made up of 12 tribes40．第65题Jews in the cities were good at__. A.doing business41．第66题The chief point of Gregorian reform was to ___.B.make the church completely independent from the emperors42．第67题___ were regarded as heretics in the Middle Ages.B.Those who did not believe in Christianity43．第81题By a complex process of violence, struggle, and sexual attraction,__built up the power. B.Zeus44．第82题Which is not true in the following about the Titans?A.They were the Children of Zeus45．第83题The continuity of the New Testament with the Old is best shown in ___.A.its teaching about God46．第84题According to the New Testament, the central message of Jesus was__.A.the kingdom of God47．第85题Monasteries were made rich by__. D.the kings and nobles48．第86题The Late Middle Ages almost at the same time__.A.began with the Renaissance49．第87题In the Carolingian time popes__. B.were regarded as models of piety 50．第100题By myths the Greeks could do the following except____.D.replacing the roles of gods51．第20题Observing Sunday as a holy day is not included in the spiritual standards of the Old Testament. F52．第27题The original language of the Old Testament is Latin. F53．第28题In terms of literature, the Old Testament is an anthology because it is a collection of myths. F54．第29题The early Christian church included in the Christian Bible the written records of both the Old and the New Testament because it believed in the continuity of history and of divine activity. F55．第30题The Old Testament is a collection of books recording oral traditions in the Near East. T56．第31题In the development of the Old Testament all the books came into being after oral traditions. T57．第32题In the transformations of the Roman Empire into Middle Ages political and religious change occurred at the same time. T58．第33题The term Middle Ages was invented by people today. F59．第34题Christianity was spread first by Jesus out of Palestine. F60．第35题The era preceding the Renaissance became known as the Middle Ages. T 61．第36题The pope and the Byzantine church shared the same interpretationof Christianity. F62．第37题The Germans in Late Antiquity shared with the Romans culturally. F 63．第38题Separation of church and state remains the political practice in the western world today. T64．第39题The Old Testament is regarded as a book recording the past event of the Jewish people. F65．第40题All the narratives in the Old Testament may be called salvation stories because they are concerned with showing how human beings were freed from sin. F66．第41题The Protestant version of the Old Testament is made up of the Jewish Bible only. T7．第42题According to the Old Testament, Man is a unity of life and death. F 68．第43题There were schools and universities located in city cathedrals in the Central Middle Ages. TUnlike the Jews, the early Christians of the Roman Empire suffered persecution. F70．第45题The West featured unproductive land. T71．第46题Monasteries were by no means elements of religious life. F72．第47题By any means, the Renaissance represents a change in focus and emphasis from the Middle Ages. T73．第48题The Merovingians became more civilized after adopting Roman institutions.您的答案：正确74．第49题Renaissance refers to a series of political and religious movements in the 14th, 15th, and 16th centuries F75．第50题Christians suffered persecution until the 4th century. T76．第68题The Roman Catholic version of the Old Testament is made up of the Jewish Bible and some other books. T77．第69题Hebrew prophetic books are made up of prophetic speeches. F78．第70题Many books in the Old Testament are narratives because they report the events in the past. T79．第71题Etiological stories are those which explain the origin of some place, practice or name. T80．第72题The most significant part of the Jewish Bible is that of the poems. T 81．第73题Jesus lived in the early 1st century. T82．第74题The West grew gradually independent of the papal control in the Late Middle Ages. T83．第75题The word renaissance originated in the belief that Europeans had rediscovered the superiority of Greek and Roman culture after many centuries of what they considered intellectual and cultural decline.您的答案：正确84．第76题Muhammad, the Islam leader, believed in one God that was different from the Jewish God. FParticipants in the Renaissance studied the great civilizations of ancient Israel and Greece. F86．第78题The Renaissance had enough unique qualities to justify considering it as a separate period of history. T87．第79题The Palestine of Jesus' day included Israel today. T88．第80题People in the Renaissance thought the time of Middle ages was more advanced than their own time. F89．第88题Prose is not the literary form found in the Old Testament. T90．第89题More accurately, the patriarchal stories in Genesis should be called families stories. T91．第90题The book of Genesis is composed of many individual stories. T92．第91题The apocalyptic writings concern the past events of the Jews. F 93．第92题Most of the prophetic books are Hebrew narratives in form. F94．第93题That the Roman Empire grew too large to control and to resist foreign invasions is the leading factor that contributed to the birth of the Byzantine, Islam and the west. T95．第94题Charlemagne’ empire was as large as the powerful Roman Empire. F 96．第95题Belief in the harmony between spiritual and worldly things is true of Byzantium, Islam, and the West. T97．第96题Byzantium was defeated by the Persians. F98．第97题Monks then by no means gave up material comfort. F99．第98题In the Middle Ages, people thought they were living in the Middle Ages.您的答案：错误100．第99题Constantine the Great declared Christianity as the only religion. F三1．第1题The Romans began to represent their gods in human form ___.D.after coming into contact with foreign culture2．第2题Which of the following is not true about the Greek culture?C.The Greeks honored the city's gods every day3．第3题Mythology has exerted a great influence on the arts in___.A.all parts of the world4．第4题___ is not included in Greek mythology as one of the three principal types of figures. B.the devils5．第5题A myth is ___. B.an oral literary work traditionally accepted 6．第6题The Greeks imagined their gods to have human shape, which was__.D.strongly idealized7．第7题Which of the following about Jesus is Not true according to the Gospels?C.He was the presence of God in the world8．第8题1066 marked the__. B.Norman Conquer of England9．第9题Overgrowth of population in Europe in the Late Middle Ages caused __.B.the shortage of food supply10．第10题On Mount Olympus were ___ major gods and goddesses known as the Olympians.B.twelve11．第11题Greek myths reflect Greeks' exploration of the followings except___. C.the mysterious outer space12．第12题Odysseus___ returned to his faithful wife after the ten-year Trojan War.C.was a Greek hero who13．第13题According to Greek mythology, Paris,___, which resulted in the Trojan war.A.son of King of Troy, abducted Helen, a Greek beauty14．第14题Roman writers like Virgil and Ovid were famous as they ___.B.created an inspiring Greco-Roman mythology15．第15题The deeds of the heroes Heracles and Theseus embody the conflict between___.D.civilization and wild savagery16．第16题The history of the English Bible is the history of the formation of the English language__.A.from a mixture of French, Anglo-Norman, and Anglo-Saxon;17．第17题William Tyndale translated the New Testament in the 16 century from ___.B.the Greek text18．第18题The chief point of Gregorian reform was to ___.B.make the church completely independent from the emperors19．第28题According to the New Testament the Christian church __.B.spoke more of the kingdom of God20．第29题Jews in the cities were good at__. A.doing business21．第30题___ were regarded as heretics in the Middle Ages.B.Those who did not believe in Christianity22．第41题Which is not true about the heroes in Greek mythology?B.They never die23．第42题Which is not true in the following about Zeus?C.He ruled the sea24．第43题Early Romans regarded their gods as__. C.powers25．第44题The ancient Greeks___. B.firmly believed myths to be true26．第45题The early Hebrews___.A.concentrated on the role of a supreme god27．第46题In the search for the Golden Fleece to regain his throne, Jason ____.C.fought against a dragon that never slept28．第47题A gospel in the New Testament ___.A.is a series of individual accounts of acts or sayings29．第48题The religious ministry of Jesus was followed by his 12 apostles for ___.D.Israel was made up of 12 tribes30．第49题The Spanish monarchy was __.A.set up by the Christians31．第57题Which of the following is not true about the Greeks?A.They produced their sacred written text like the Bible32．第58题According to Greek myths about creation, ____was the foundation of all things. D.Chaos33．第59题Common types of myths exclude___. D.myths of mortals34．第63题Which is not true in the following about the Titans?A.They were the Children of Zeus35．第64题The King James version of the Bible __.pleted in the 17 century36．第65题The kingdom of God refers to__. B.the rule of God37．第66题William Tyndale translated the Old Testament in the 16 century from ___.C.the Hebrew text38．第67题The Late Middle Ages almost at the same time__.A.began with the Renaissance39．第68题In the 13th century, many schools _.B.gave way to universities40．第79题Many works of painting and sculpture have taken myths as their ___. C.subject41．第80题The 20th-century scholars on myths pay closer attention to___.D.the content of the narratives42．第81题Scholars believe that Greek mythology__.B.was influenced by cultures in the Middle East43．第82题Greek mythology influenced Western culture in the following aspects except_. B.architecture44．第83题No hero of Greek mythology has proved more fascinating than Oedipus for __.A.he fulfilled the prophecy of killing his father and marrying his mother 45．第84题The 19th-century interpretation of myths became more___.C.scientific46．第85题The first complete English Bible was the work of translation by John Wycliffe from___. B.the Greek text47．第86题Mary's pregnancy to Joseph, her husband, was ___. B.a luck48．第87题Which of the following is Not true about monasteries?C.Monks did not have to work in the fields at all49．第88题Black Death caused __. C.more harm in the cities50．第89题Jews in the cities were__. D.persecuted by Christians51．第19题The Old Testament is regarded as a book recording the past event of the Jewish people. F52．第20题The Old Testament includes literature and oral tradition found in other ancient literature like that of Far East. F53．第21题The Old Testament tells the true history of the Jews. F54．第22题The Throne Succession History of David in the Old Testament comes closer to the modern understanding of history. T55．第23题The apocalyptic writings arose in Israel after the Egyptian Captivity of the Jews. F56．第24题Renaissance classical education relied on teachings from ancient texts and emphasized a range of disciplines, including electronics, electricity, physiology, and philosophy. F57．第25题Byzantium was defeated by the Persians. F58．第26题The end of Byzantium marks the end of Middle Ages. T59．第27题Christians considered pagan gods supernatural. F60．第31题The most significant part of the Christian Old Testament lies in books on laws T.61．第32题The apocalyptic writings concern the past events of the Jews. F 62．第33题Early Christians regarded the New Testament as an agreement God made with Adam and Eve. F63．第34题The second law in the Old Testament refers to the book of Genesis. F 64．第35题According to the Old Testament, Man is a unity of life and death. F65．第36题The era preceding the Renaissance became known as the Middle Ages. T 66．第37题Monasteries were by no means elements of religious life. F67．第38题The pope & the Byzantine church began their conflict in AD 1054. F 68．第39题Monks then by no means gave up material comfort. F69．第40题The Palestine of Jesus' day included Israel today. T70．第50题In the Jewish Bible there are 27 books in Hebrew. F71．第51题The early Christian church included in the Christian Bible the written records of both the Old and the New Testament because it believed in the continuity of history and of divine activity. T72．第52题Recently, scholars argue for the Hebrew cultural influence on apocalyptic literature. T73．第53题The major theological theme of the Old Testament is that Yahweh is the only God in the world. F74．第54题According to the Old Testament, Moses was a prophet. T75．第55题The most significant part of the Jewish Bible is that of the poems. F 76．第56题Christianity was spread first by Jesus out of Palestine. F77．第60题Muhammad, the Islam leader, believed in one God that was different from the Jewish God. F78．第61题Separation of church and state remains the political practice in the western world today. T79．第62题Christians suffered persecution until the 4th century. T80．第69题In terms of literature, the Old Testament is an anthology because it is a collection of myths. F81．第70题All the narratives in the Old Testament may be called salvation stories because they are concerned with showing how human beings were freed from sin. F82．第71题。
欧洲入门文化试题及答案
作业1．第15题New schools in the Central Middle Ages attracted__.A.local teachers onlyB.local students onlyC.teachers all over EuropeD.wealthy merchants only答案:C标准答案：C您的答案：C题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.02．第23题The images of Cronus and Rhea reflect ___________.A.the matriarchal social system in Ancient GreeceB.the patriarchal social system in Ancient GreeceC.the communal marriage in the primitive societyD.the communal structure in the primitive society答案:C标准答案：C您的答案：C题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.03．第24题Common types of myths exclude___.A.cosmic mythsB.myths of the godsC.myths of heroesD.myths of mortals答案:D标准答案：D您的答案：D题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.04．第36题According to the New Testament the Christian church __.A.identified itself as the kingdomB.spoke more of the kingdom of GodC.spoke more of salvationD.spoke more of material comfort答案:C标准答案：C您的答案：B题目分数：2.0此题得分：0.05．第37题The First Crusade was important because __.A.it conquered the land of the MuslimsB.the Pope rescued the Byzantine EmpireC.it was the first example of European expansionismD.the Byzantine Empire defeated the Muslims finally答案:C标准答案：C您的答案：C题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.06．第45题Early Romans regarded their gods as__.A.personsB.powers as well as personsC.powersD.powerful persons答案:C标准答案：C您的答案：C题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.07．第55题Roman mythology is actually___.A.of Greek cultureB.not purely RomanC.from African cultureD.of Asian nature答案:B标准答案：B您的答案：B题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.08．第56题Odysseus___ returned to his faithful wife after the ten-year Trojan War.A.was a Greek prince whoB.was a Trojan prince whoC.was a Greek hero whoD.was a Trojan hero who答案:C标准答案：C您的答案：C题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.09．第57题Scholars believe that Greek mythology__.A.influenced cultures in the Middle EastB.was influenced by cultures in the Middle EastC.affected African culturesD.was affected by African cultures答案:B标准答案：B您的答案：B题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.010．第58题According to Greek mythology ___, which goes well with the idea of Daoism in China.A.something can be produced from nothingB.ancient Greece was a matriarchal societymunal marriage was prevalent in Ancient GreeceD.farming was the mode of production in Ancient Greece答案:A标准答案：A您的答案：题目分数：2.0此题得分：0.011．第59题The first complete English Bible was the work of translation by John Wycliffe from___.A.the Latin textB.the Greek textC.the Hebrew textD.the French text答案:A标准答案：A您的答案：题目分数：2.0此题得分：0.012．第60题Which of the following is Not true about Christianity in the 3rd century?A.Christianity reached EnglandB.The Bible remained in LatinC.The Bible was in the hands of the church;D.The Bible in English began to spread in England答案:D标准答案：D您的答案：题目分数：2.0此题得分：0.013．第61题According to the New Testament, the central message of Jesus was__.A.the kingdom of GodB.the human personsC.the Holy SpiritD.God答案:A标准答案：A您的答案：题目分数：2.0此题得分：0.014．第62题In the New Testament Jesus was portrayed as the following figure except____.A.a prophetB.the second AdamC.the Son of GodD.the almighty God答案:D标准答案：D您的答案：题目分数：2.0此题得分：0.015．第63题William Tyndale translated the Old Testament in the 16 century from___.A.the Latin textB.the Greek textC.the Hebrew textD.the French text答案:C标准答案：C您的答案：题目分数：2.0此题得分：0.016．第16题In Virgil's Aeneid,Juno was described as the wife of Zeus in Greek mythology.答案:错误标准答案：0您的答案：题目分数：2.0此题得分：0.017．第17题The historical narratives of the Old Testament are popular.答案:正确标准答案：1您的答案：题目分数：1.0此题得分：0.018．第18题Jupiter was the protector of the Roman state.答案:正确标准答案：1您的答案：题目分数：1.019．第19题The book of Genesis is composed of many individual stories.答案:正确标准答案：1您的答案：题目分数：1.0此题得分：0.020．第20题The Old Testament tells the true history of the Jews.答案:错误标准答案：0您的答案：题目分数：1.0此题得分：0.021．第21题The Throne Succession History of David in the Old Testament comes closer to the modern understanding of history.答案:正确标准答案：1您的答案：题目分数：1.0此题得分：0.022．第22题The second law in the Old Testament refers to the book of Genesis.答案:错误标准答案：0您的答案：题目分数：1.023．第25题Hebrew prophetic books are made up of prophetic speeches.答案:错误标准答案：0您的答案：题目分数：1.0此题得分：0.024．第26题The early Christian church included in the Christian Bible the written records of both the Old and the New Testament because it believed in the continuity of history and of divine activity.答案:正确标准答案：1您的答案：题目分数：1.0此题得分：0.025．第27题There are ten major spiritual standards in the Old Testament.答案:正确标准答案：1您的答案：题目分数：1.0此题得分：0.026．第28题The end of Byzantium marks the end of Middle Ages.答案:正确标准答案：1您的答案：此题得分：0.027．第29题Practical advice for living a successful life is one of the general thems of the Hebrew wisdom poetry.答案:正确标准答案：1您的答案：题目分数：1.0此题得分：0.028．第30题In the transformations of the Roman Empire into Middle Ages political and religious change occurred at the same time.答案:正确标准答案：1您的答案：题目分数：1.0此题得分：0.029．第31题The word renaissance means "renewal".答案:错误标准答案：0您的答案：题目分数：1.0此题得分：0.030．第32题The West featured unproductive land.答案:正确标准答案：1您的答案：题目分数：1.0此题得分：0.031．第33题Muhammad, the Islam leader, believed in one God that was different from the Jewish God.答案:错误标准答案：0您的答案：题目分数：1.0此题得分：0.032．第34题Participants in the Renaissance came to the conclusion that their own commercial achievements rivaled those of antiquity.答案:错误标准答案：0您的答案：题目分数：1.0此题得分：0.033．第35题Renaissance humanists believed it was possible to improve human society through classical education.答案:正确标准答案：1您的答案：题目分数：1.0此题得分：0.034．第38题The twins Romulus and Remus were lucky enough to be saved and cared for by a she-wolf.标准答案：1您的答案：题目分数：2.0此题得分：0.035．第39题More accurately, the patriarchal stories in Genesis should be called families stories.答案:正确标准答案：1您的答案：题目分数：1.0此题得分：0.036．第46题To the early Romans, gods were holy forces.答案:正确标准答案：1您的答案：题目分数：1.0此题得分：0.037．第47题The ancient Romans believed a god is almighty.答案:错误标准答案：0您的答案：题目分数：1.0此题得分：0.038．第48题In the prophetic literature narratives predominate.标准答案：0您的答案：题目分数：1.0此题得分：0.039．第49题Charlemagne’ empire was as large as the powerful Roman Empire.答案:错误标准答案：0您的答案：题目分数：1.0此题得分：0.040．第50题The Byzantine Empire lost huge portions of territory to the Persians.答案:错误标准答案：0您的答案：题目分数：1.0此题得分：0.041．第51题Renaissance began in Italy.答案:正确标准答案：1您的答案：题目分数：1.0此题得分：0.042．第52题In the Middle Ages, people thought they were living in the Middle Ages. 答案:错误标准答案：0您的答案：题目分数：1.0此题得分：0.043．第53题Christians suffered persecution until the 4th century.答案:正确标准答案：1您的答案：题目分数：1.0此题得分：0.044．第1题That women _________ in childbirth is God's punishment of man, according to the Bible.答案:suffer pain标准答案：suffer pain您的答案：题目分数：2.0此题得分：0.045．第2题The monarchy of Israel arose in the ___.答案:1100 BC标准答案：1100 BC您的答案：题目分数：2.0此题得分：0.046．第3题Roman emperors enjoyed almost unlimited power, so they _____ holy honors eventually.答案:accepted标准答案：accepted您的答案：题目分数：2.0此题得分：0.047．第4题The Holy Roman emperor is viewed as a Christian __.答案:emperor标准答案：emperor您的答案：题目分数：2.0此题得分：0.048．第5题The Europeans revived cities to remade their world fromthe 11th century on.答案:old标准答案：old您的答案：题目分数：2.0此题得分：0.049．第6题The Greatest Commandment in the New Testament is that you should love ___________ as yourself with all your heart.答案:God and people标准答案：God and people您的答案：题目分数：2.0此题得分：0.050．第7题he early Christians banned _______.答案:paganism标准答案：paganism您的答案：题目分数：2.0此题得分：0.051．第8题The Carolingian Renaissance was aimed at fulfilling the goal of creating an orderly and unified Christian ___.答案:empire标准答案：empire您的答案：题目分数：2.0此题得分：0.052．第9题Monarchy can _________ the nation.答案:unify标准答案：unify您的答案：题目分数：2.0此题得分：0.053．第10题Each part of a house had a god associated with it in __________mythology.答案:Roman标准答案：Roman您的答案：题目分数：2.0此题得分：0.054．第11题Adam called his wife Eve because she was__.答案:the mother of all living标准答案：the mother of all living您的答案：题目分数：2.0此题得分：0.055．第12题In answer to God's call, Abraham left home,for the __. 答案:South标准答案：South您的答案：题目分数：2.0此题得分：0.056．第13题To unify the empire Charlemagne first relied on _.答案:Christianity标准答案：Christianity您的答案：题目分数：2.0此题得分：0.057．第14题The breakup of the Carolingian Empire was caused by the Vikings and the __答案:Magyars标准答案：Magyars您的答案：题目分数：2.0此题得分：0.058．第40题New schools in the 11th century were located in city __答案:cathedrals标准答案：cathedrals您的答案：题目分数：2.0此题得分：0.059．第41题In the Central Middle Ages peasants were to make new lands.答案:encouraged标准答案：encouraged您的答案：题目分数：2.0此题得分：0.060．第42题The Carolingians subdued the ___.答案:Merovingians标准答案：Merovingians您的答案：题目分数：2.0此题得分：0.061．第43题The Holy Roman Empire lasted over years. 答案:500标准答案：500您的答案：题目分数：2.0此题得分：0.062．第44题Charlemagne means Charles ___.答案:the Great标准答案：the Great您的答案：题目分数：2.0此题得分：0.063．第54题Charlemagne set ___as his model.答案:Constantine标准答案：Constantine您的答案：题目分数：2.0此题得分：0.0作业总得分：16.0 作业总批注：。
欧洲文化入门练习及参考答案
《欧洲文化入门》练习及参考答案(总21页)--本页仅作为文档封面，使用时请直接删除即可----内页可以根据需求调整合适字体及大小--欧洲文化入门各章练习及答案第一章填空题：1. The richness of European Culture was created by ________element and _________element. Greco-Roman Judeo-Christian2. The Homer’s epics consisted of_________. Iliad and Odyssey3. ________ is the first writer of “problem plays”. Euripides4. __________ is called “Father of History”. Herodotus5. ________is the greatest historian that ever lived. Thucydides6. The dividing range in the Roman history refers to ________. 27 .7. “I came, I saw, I conquered.” is a famous saying by _______. Julius Caesar8. The representation form of Greek Democracy is __________. citizen-assembly.判断题1. Euclid says “Give me a place to stand, and I will move the world”. (×) Archimedes2. Herodo tus’s historical writing is on the war between Anthens and Sparta. (×) Greeks and Persians名词解释：1. Pax Romana答：In the Roman history ,there came two hundred years of peaceful time, which was guaranteed by the Roman legions, it was known as Pax Romana2. “Democracy” in ancient Greece答： 1）Democracy means “exercise of power by the whole people”, but in Greece by “the whole people” the Greeks meant only the adult male citizens.2） Women, children, foreigners and slaves were excluded from Democracy. 论述题：1. How did the Greek Culture originate and develop1) Probably around 1200 ., a war was fought between Greece and troy. This is the war that Homer refers to in his epics.2) Greek culture reached a high point of development in the 5th century .A. The successful repulse of the Persian invasion early in the 5th century.B. The establishment of democracy.C. The flourishing of science, philosophy, literature, art and historical writing in Athens.3)The 5th century closed with civil war between Athens and Sparta.4) In the second half of the 4th century ., Greece was conquered by Alexander, king of Macedon. Whenever he wentand conquered, whenever Greek culture was found.5) Melting between Greek culture and Roman culture in 146 ., the Romans conquered Greece.2. What is the great significance of Greek Culture on the later-on cultural development答： There has been an enduring excitement about classical Greekculture in Europe and elsewhere Rediscovery of Greek culture played avital part in the Renaissance in Italy and other European countries.1) Spirit of innovationThe Greek people invented mathematics and science and philosophy; They first wrote history as opposed to mere annals; They speculatedfreely about the nature of the world and the ends of life, without being bound in the fetters ofany inherited orthodoxy.2) Supreme AchievementThe Greeks achieved supreme achievements in nearly all fields of human endeavour: Philosophy, science, epic poetry, comedy, historical writing, architecture, etc.3) Lasting effectA. Countless writers have quoted, borrowed from and otherwise used Homer’s epics, the tragedies of Aeschylus and Sophocles and Euripides, Aristophanes’s comedies, Plato’s Dialogues,ect.B. In the early part of the 19th century, in England alone, three young Romantic poets expressed their admiration of Greek culture in works which have themselves become classics: Byron’s Isles of Greece, Shelley’s Hellas and Prometheus Unbound and Keats’s Ode on a Grecian Urn.C. In the 20th century, there are Homeric parallels in the Irishman James Joyce’s modernist masterpiece Ulysses.3. What is the similarity and difference between Greek culture and Romanculture答：1) similarities:A. Both peoples had traditions rooted in the idea of the citizen-assembly.B. Their religions were alike enough for most of their deities to be readily identified, and their myths to be fused.C. Their languages worked in similar ways, both being members of the Indo-European language family.2) differences:A. The Romans built up a vast empire; the Greeks didn’t, except for the brief moment of Alexander’s conquests, which soon disintegrated.B. The Romans were confident in their own organizational power, their military and administrative capabilities.4. What is the Rome historical background答：1) The history of Rome divided into two periods: Before the year 27 ., Rome had been a republic; from the year 27 ., Octavius took supreme power as emperor with the title of Augustus and Roman Empire began.2) Two centuries later, the Roman Empire reached its climax, marked by land a rea’s extension: Encircling the Mediterranean.3) Strong military power: the famous Roman legions.4) In the Roman history ,there came two hundred years of peaceful time, which was guaranteed by the Roman legions,it was known as Pax Romana.5) Another important contribution made by the Romans to European culture was Roman Law.6) The empire began to decline in the 3rd century.A. In the 4th century the emperor Constantine moved the capital from Rome to it Constantinople (modern Istanbul).B. After 395, the empire was divided into East (The Byzantine Empire) and WestC. In 476 the last emperor of the West was deposed by Goths and this marked the end of the West Roman Empire.D. The East Roman Empire collapsed when Constantinople fell to the Turks in 1453.第二章填空题：1. ___________is by far the most influential in the West. Christianity2. The Hebrews history was recorded in _________of the Bible. the Old Testament3. The New Testament is about _________. the doctrine of Jesus Christ4. The story about God’s f looding to the human being and only good-virtue being saved was recorded in Genesis,Pentateuch, the Old Testament, the Bible, which was known as _________. Noah’s Ark.5. The Birth of Jesus was recorded in ________. Matthew6. The story about Jesus being pinned in the cross to death was known as_________. The Last Supper.7. The first English version of whole Bible was translated from the LatinVulgate in 1382 and was copied out by handby the early group of reformers led by _________. John Wycliff.名词解释:1. The Old TestamentThe Bible was divided into two sections: the Old Testament and the New Testament. The Old Testament is about God and the Laws of God. The word “Testament” means “agreement”, the agreement between God and Man.2. PentateuchThe Old Testament consists of 39 books, the oldest and most important of which are the first five books, called Pentateuch. Pentateuch contains five books: Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, Deuteronomy.3. GenesisGenesis is one of the five books in Pentateuch, it tells about a religious account of the origin of the Hebrews people, including the origin of the world and of man, the career of Issac and the life of Jacob and his son Joseph.4. ExodusExodus is one of the five books in Pentateuch, it tells about a religioushistory of the Hebrews during their flight from Egypt, the period when they began to receive God’s Law. Joshua brought the people safely back toCanaan.5. The Book of DanielThe Book of Daniel belongs to The Old Testament of the Bible. Ittells about the Hebrews being carried away into Babylon.论述简答题：1. What are the beliefs of Christianity答： Christianity based itself on two forceful beliefs which separate it fromall other religions.1）One is that Jesus Christ is the Son of God, and that God sent him to earth to live as humans live, suffer as humans suffer, and die to redeem mankind.2）The other is that God gave his only begotten son , so that whosoeverbelieves in him should not perish, but have everlasting life.2. What are the different translation editions of the Bible答：1)The oldest extant Greek translation of the Old Testament is known as the Septuagint. And it is still in use in the Greek Church today. But it only translated the Old Testament.2) The most ancient extant Latin version of the whole Bible is the Vulgate edition, which was done in 385-405 . By St. Jerome in common people’s language. It became the official Bible of the Roman Catholic Church throughout the world.3) The first English version of whole Bible was translated from the LatinVulgate in 1382 and was copied out by hand by the early group of reformers ledby John Wycliff.4) After John Wycliff’s version, appeared William Tyndale’s version. I t was based on the original Hebrew and Greek sources.5) The Great Bible ordered by Henry Ⅷ in 1539 to be placed in all the English churches was in part founded on Tyndale’s work.6) The most important and influential of English B ible is the “Authorized” or “King James” version, first published in 1611. It was produced by 54 biblical scholars at the command of King James. With its simple, majestic Anglo-Saxon tongue, it is known as the greatest book in the English languages.7) The Revised Version appeared in 1885, and the standard American edition ofthe Revised Version in 1901.8) The Good News Bible and the New English Bible.3. What is the great significance of the translations of the bible答：1) It is generally accepted that the English Bible and Shakespeare are two great reservoirs of Modern English.2) Miltion’s Paradise Lost, Bunyan’s Pilgrim’s Progress, Byron’s Cain, up to the contemporary Hemingway’s The Sun Also Rises, and Steinbeck’s East of Eden. They are not influenced without the effect of the Bible.第三章填空题：1. In _______ a Germanic (日耳曼) general killed the last Roman emperor and took control of the government. 4762. After 1054, the church was divided into _________ and _______. the Roman Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox Church.3. _______ is the one who translated into Latin both Old and New Testament from the Hebrew and Greek originals. St. Jerome4. ______introduced French and Italy writing the English native alliterative verse.5. Both ___________are the best representative of the middle English. Chaucerand The Canterbury Tales6. _________ paved the way for the development of what is the present-day European culture. the Middel Ages名词解释1. the Middle agesIn European history, the thousand-year period following the fall of the Western Roman Empire in the fifth century is called the Middle Ages. The middle ages is so called because it came between ancient times and modern times. To be specific, from the 5th century to 15th century.2. FeudalismFeudalism in Europe was mainly a system of land holding— a system of holding land in exchange for military service. The word “feudalism” was derived from the Latin “feudum”, a grant of land.3. The ManorThe centre of medieval life under feudalism was the manor. Manorswere founded on the fiefs of the lords. By the twelfth century manor houses were made of stone and designed as fortresses. They came to be called castles.4. Carolingian RenaissanceCarolingian Renaissance is derived from Charlemagne’s name in Latin, Carolus. The most interesting facet of this rather minor renaissance is the spectacle of Frankish or Germanic state reaching out to assimilate the riches of the Roman Classical and the Christianized Hebraic culture.5. Gothic1) The Gothic style started in France and quickly spread through all parts of Western Europe.2) It lasted from the mid-12th to the end of 15th century and, in some areas,into the 16th. More churches were built in this manner than in any other stylein history.3) The Gothic was an outgrowth of the Romanesque.论述简答题：1. Why is the middle ages is called Age of Faith答：1) During the Medieval times there was no central government to keep the order. The only organization that seemed to unite Europe was the Christian church.2) The Christian church continued to gain widespread power and influence.3) In the Late middle ages, almost everyone in western Europe wasa Christian and a member of the Christian Church. Christianity took the lead in politics, law, art, and learningfor hundreds of years.4) It shaped people’s lives. That is why the middle ages is also called the “Age of Faith”.2. What is the great significance of the Crusades答：1) The crusades brought the East into closer contact with the West. And they greatly influenced the history of Europe.2) During the wars while many of the feudal lords went to fight in Palestine, kings at home found opportunities to strengthen themselves. Thus among other things, Crusades helped to break down feudalism, which, in turn led to the rise of the monarchies.3) Besides, through their contact with the more cultured Byzantinesand Moslems, the western Europeans changed many of their old ideas. Their desire for wealth or power began to overshadow their religious ideals.4) The Crusades also resulted in renewing people’s interest in le arning and invention. By the 13th century, universities had spread all over Europe. Such knowledge as Arabic numerals, algebra , and Arab medicine were introduced to the West.5) As trade increased, village and towns began to grow into cities. And the rise of towns and trade in western Europe paved the way of the growth of strong national governments.3. How did learning and science develop in the Middle Ages答：1) Charlemagne and Carolingian Renaissance:A. He was crowned “Emperor of the Romans” by the pope in 800.B. Carolingian Renaissance is derived from Charlemagne’s name in Latin, Carolus. The most interesting facet of this rather minor renaissance is the spectacle of Frankish or Germanic state reaching out to assimilate the riches of the Roman Classical and the Christianized Hebraic culture.2) Alfred the Great and Wessex Centre of Learning:A. He promoted translations into the vernacular from Latin works.B. He also inspired the compilation of the Anglo-Saxon Chronicles.3) St. Thomas Aquinas and Scholasticism:4) Roger Bacon and Experimental Science:A. Roger Bacon, a monk, was one of the earliest advocates of scientific research.B. He called for careful observation and experimentation. His main work was the Opus maius.4. How did literature develop in the middle ages答：1) The epic was the product of the Heroic Age. It was an important and mostly used form in ancient literature.“National epic” refers to the epic written in verna cular languages—that is, the languages of various national states that came into being in the Middle Ages. Literary works were no longer all written in Latin. It was the starting pointof a gradual transition of European literature from Latin culture to a culture that was the combination of a variety of national characteristics. Both Beowulf and song of Roland were the representative works of the National Epics.2) Dante Alighieri and The Divine Comedy:A. His masterpiece, The Divine Comedy, is one of the landmarks of world literature.B. The poem expresses humanistic ideas which foreshadowed the spirit of Renaissance.C. Dante wrote his masterpiece in Italian rather than in Latin.3) Geoffery Chaucer and The Canterbury Tales:A. The Canterbury Tales were his most popular work.B. Most of the tales are written in verse which reflects Chaucer’s innovationby introducing into the native alliterativeverse the French and Italian styles.C. Chaucer is thus to be , regarded as the first short story teller and thefirst modern poet in English literature.D. Chaucer and the Canterbury Tales were representative of the Middle ages.5. What is the difference between the vernacular language used in the National epics and the vernacular language used by Mark twain答：1) The epic was the product of the Heroic Age. It was an important and mostly used form in ancient literature.“National epic” refers to the epic written in vernacular languages—that is, the languages of various national states that came into being in the Middle Ages.Literary works were no longer all written in Latin. It was the starting pointof a gradual transition of European literature from Latin culture to a culture that was the combination of a variety of national characteristics. Both Beowulf and song of Roland were the representative works of the National Epics.2) The vernacular language used by Mark twain refers to both local and colloq language used in the Mississippi area, with a strong characteristic of that region. Mark twain used vernacular language not only in dialogue, but also in narration.3) His representative works Life on the Mississippi.6. What were the power and influence of the Roman Catholic church in theMedieval times1) With a highly centralized and disciplined international organization from priests to Pope, the Roman Catholic Church seemed to be the only unity across the western Europe of the Medieval times. It developed a civilization based on Christianity and helped to preserve and pass on the heritage of the classical cultures by the official language of Latin.2) with the Pope as the supreme head of all the Christian Churchesof the western Europe, the Catholic (meaning universal) church received heavy taxes from lay people and various supports from nobles and kings. Church could remove any opponents political rights or even emperors,with the powerful symbol of the Inquisition, the Church court to punish heresy.3) The Medieval Church was the center of the Europeans’ daily life and almost everyone became a member of theChurch. People turned to the Church for comfort and spiritual guidance; the Church also was the center of holy communion, recreation, trade and communal activity.4) Clergy then was the only literate class, so kings and nobles used them to implement important secular governmental duties.5) The Church took the lead in politics, law, art, and learning throughout the “Age of Faith”. For example, Romanesque and Gothic arts were predominantly religious; in learning, it influenced greatly the western thinking with the monks’ work on copying and translating ancient books, the ChurchFathers’ philosop hy, Monasticism, Scholasticism and Experimental science.6) originally for regaining the holy city of Jerusalem, the Church launched 200-year Crusades, which helped to bread down feudalism and enhanced the cultural contact between the West and the East.第四章填空题：1. Renaissance started in ________ and ________ with the flowering of paintings, sculpture and architecture. Florence and Venice.2. In Renaissance literature of Italy, _______ was the representative poet. Petrarch3. At the heart of the Renaissance philosophy was the assertion of _________. the greatness of man.4. The idea of the greatness of man is reflected in __________ literature. Shakespeare’s5. The national religion established after reformation in England was called _______. The church of England or The Anglican Church.6. It was under the reign of _______ that reformation was successful in England. Henry Ⅷ.7. Montaigne was a French humanist known for his _______. “Essais”(Essays).8. The representative novelist of Renaissance in Spain was __________ with his famous work_______, which marked European culture entry into a new stage. Cervantes Don Quixote9. The Venus of Urbino is ___________ works. Titian10. _______ translated the whole Bible with the vernacular language. Martin Luther名词解释:1. RenaissanceGenerally speaking, Renaissance refers to the period between the 14th and mid-17th century. The word “Renaissance” means revival, specifically in this period of history, revival of interest in ancient Greek and Roman culture. Renaissance, in essence, was a historical period in which the European humanist thinkers and scholars made attempts to get rid of conservatism in feudalist Europe and introduce new ideas that expressed the interests of the rising bourgeoisie, to lift the restrictions in all areas placed by the Roman church authorities.2. ReformationThe Reformation was a 16th century religious movement as well as a socio-political movement. It began as Martin Luther posted on the door of the castle church at the University of Wittenberg his 95 thesis. This movement which swept over the whole of Europe was aimed atopposing the absolute authority of the Roman Catholic Church and replacing it with the absolute authority of the Bible. The reformists engaged themselves in translating the Bible into their mother tongues.3. Counter-ReformationBy late 1520 the Roman Catholic Church had lost its control overthe church in Germany. The Roman Catholic Church did not stay idle. They mustered their forces, the dedicated Catholic groups, to examine the Church institutions and introduce reforms and improvements, to bring back its vitality. This recovery of power is often called by historiansthe Counter-Reformation.论述简答题：1. What are the Geographical Discoveries in the Renaissance答：The Renaissance was the golden age of geographical discoveries: by the year of 1600 the surface of the known earth was doubled.1)Columbus: Columbus discovered the land of America. On his fourth voyage he explored the coast of Central America.2)Dias: Dias was a Portuguese navigator who discovered the Cape of Good Hope in 1487.3)Da Gama: Gama was a Portuguese navigator, who discovered the route to India round the Cape of Good Hope between the years of 1497 and 1498.4)Amerig：Amerigo was the Italian navigator on whose honour America was named. His discovered and explored the mouth of the Amazon and accepted South Americaas a new continent.2. What positive influence does the reformation exert on world culture答:1)The Roman Catholic Church was never the international court to which all rulers and states were to be morally responsible for.2)Economically, peasants all over Europe had no need to pay a good amount oftheir gains to the Pope.3)In educational and cultural matters, the monopoly of the church was broken.4)In religion, Protestantism brought into being different forms of Christianity to challenge the absolute rule of the Roman Catholic Church.5)In language, the dominant position of Latin had to give way to the national languages as a result of various translations of the Bible into the vernacular.6)In spirit, absolute obedience became out-moded and the spirit of quest,debate , was ushered in by the reformists.3. What contribution did the Renaissance make to the world culture答：1、The Renaissance created a culture which freed man to discover and enjoy the world in a way not possible under the medieval Church’s dispensation.2、The Reformation dealt the feudal theocracy a fatal blow.第五章填空题：1. The modern world, so far as mental outlook is concerned, begins in ________. the 17th century2. _________ formed the basis of all modern planetary astronomy and led to Newton’s discovery of the laws of gravitation. Kepler’s Laws3. “Knowledge is power.” By _____. Francis Bacon4. Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested. By _____. Francis Bacon5. Leviathan is written by ________. Tomas Hobbes6. The English Revolution is also called __________. Bourgeoisie Revolution.7. In _______, the Bill of Rights was enacted by the English Parliament. 16898. There are two leaders in the English Revolution. _______ was the man of action and ________ the man of thought. Cromwell, Milton.9. The best representative of French neoclassicism is ________. Molière名词解释：1. the laws of gravitation: the sun, the moon, the earth, the planets, and all the other bodies in the universe move in accordance with the same basic force, which is call gravitation.2. ClassicismClassicism implies the revival of the forms and traditions of the ancient world, a return to works of old Greek literature from Homer to Plato and Aristotle. But French classicism of the 17th century was not conscious of being a classical revival. It intended to produce a literature, French to the core, which was worthy of Greek and classical ideals.This neoclassicism reached its climax in France in the 17th century.3. Baroque ArtBaroque Art, flourished first in Italy, and then spread to Spain, Portugal, France in south Europe and to Flander and the Netherlands in the North. It was characterized by dramatic intensity and sentimental appeal with a lot of emphasis on light and colour.论述简答1. Why do we say the 17th century is a transitional period from middle ages to the modern times答：1) This advance began in science, in astronomy, physics and pure mathematics, owing to the work of Galileo, Kepler, Newton and Descartes. 2) The outlook of educated men was transformed. There was a profound change in the conception of men’s place in the universe.3) The new science and philosophy gave a great push to the political struggle waged by the newly emerged class, the bourgeoisie, and other chasses.4) The modern world, so far as mental outlook is concerned, begins in the 17th century.2. What are the merits shared by the Great Scientists of 17th century答：During the 17th century, the modern Scientific method began totake shape. It emphasized observation and experimentation beforeformulating a final explanation or generalization. Copernicus、Kepler、Galileo、Newton and other scientists of the time shared two merits which favoured the advance of science.1) First, they showed boldness in framing hypotheses.2) Second, they all had immense patience in observation.3) The combination of the two merits brought about fundamental changes in man’s scientific and philosophical thinking.3. What is Baconian Philosophical system答：1) The whole basis of his philosophy was practical: to give mankind mastery over the forces of nature by means of scientific discoveries and inventions.2) He held that philosophy should be kept separate from theology, not intimately be blended with it as in Scholasticism.3) Bacon established the inductive method. Induction means reasoning from particular facts or individual cases to a general conclusion.. Deductive method emphasized reasoning from a known principle to the unknown and from thegeneral to the specific.4) In a word, to break with the past, and to restore man to his lost mastery of the natural world. This was what Bacon called the Great Instauration.4. What is the difference between Hobbes and Locke in terms of nature Law答：For Locke, Nature Law, therefore, means a universally obligatory moral law promulgated by the human reason. Whereas for Hobbes it means the law of power, force and fraud.5. What is the different between Tomas Hobbes and John Locke in terms of Social Contract1) John Lock’s Social Contract consists of :A. Society is out of necessity, convenience and man’s own interest, and therefore, society is natural to man.B. The institution of political society and government must proceed from the consent of those who are incorporated into political society and subject themselves to government.C. Locke emphasized that the social contract must be understood as involving the individual’s consent to submit to the will of the majority and that the will of the majority must prevail.D. Locke also believed that the ruler of government is one partner of the social contract. If he violates the social contract, then government is effectively dissolved. This idea was welcomed by the Americans during the AmericanRevolution and the bourgeoisie revolution in England.2 Tomas Hobbes’ Social Contract consists of:A. It is necessary that there should be a common power or government backed by force and able to punish.B. Commonwealth, in Latin, Civitas.C. To escape anarchy, men enter into a social contract, by which they submit to the sovereign. In return for conferring all their powers and strength to the sovereign, men attain peace and security.D. The powers of the sovereign must be absolute, and it is only be the centralization of authority in one person that the evil can be avoided.E. As to the form of government, Hobbes preferred monarchy.F. Government was not created by God, but by men themselves.3) Although both Tomas Hob bes and John Locke used the term “social contract”, they differed fundamentally.A. Firstly, Hobbes argued men enter a social contract to escape the state of war, for, in his view, men are enemies and at war with each other. Locke argued men are equal and that they enter a social contract by reason.。
《欧洲文化入门》练习及参考答案
《欧洲文化入门》练习及参考答案欧洲文化入门各章练习及答案第一章填空题：1. The richness of European Culture was created by ________element and _________element. Greco-Roman Judeo-Christian2. The Homer’s epics consisted of_________. Iliad and Odyssey3. ________ is the first writer of “problem plays”. Euripides4. __________ is called “Father of History”. Herodotus5. ________is the greatest historian that ever lived. Thucydides6. The dividing range in the Roman history refers to ________.27 B.C.7. “I came, I saw, I conquered.” is a famous saying by _______. Julius Caesar8. The representation form of Greek Democracy is __________. citizen-assembly.判断题1. Euclid says “Give me a place to stand, and I will move the world”. (×) Archimedes2. Herodotus’s historical writing is on the war between Anthens and Sparta. (×) Greeks and Persians名词解释：1. Pax Romana答：In the Roman history ,there came two hundred years of peaceful time, which was guaranteed by the Roman legions, it was known as Pax Romana2. “Democracy” in ancient Greece答：1）Democracy means “exercise of power by the whole people”, but in Greece by “the whole people” the Greeks mea nt only the adult male citizens.2）Women, children, foreigners and slaves were excluded from Democracy.论述题：1. How did the Greek Culture originate and develop?1) Probably around 1200 B.C., a war was fought between Greece and troy. This is the war that Homer refers to in his epics.2) Greek culture reached a high point of development in the 5th century B.C.A. The successful repulse of the Persian invasion early in the 5th century.B. The establishment of democracy.C. The flourishing of science, philosophy, literature, art and historical writing in Athens.3)The 5th century closed with civil war between Athens and Sparta.4) In the second half of the 4th century B.C., Greece was conquered by Alexander, king of Macedon. Whenever he went and conquered, whenever Greek culture was found.5) Melting between Greek culture and Roman culture in 146B.C., the Romans conquered Greece.2. What is the great significance of Greek Culture on the later-on cultural development?答：There has been an enduring excitement about classical Greek culture in Europe and elsewhere Rediscovery of Greek culture played a vital part in the Renaissance in Italy and other European countries.1) Spirit of innovationThe Greek people invented mathematics and science and philosophy; They first wrote history as opposed to mere annals; They speculated freely about the nature of the world and the ends of life, without being bound in the fetters ofany inherited orthodoxy.2) Supreme AchievementThe Greeks achieved supreme achievements in nearly all fields of human endeavour: Philosophy, science, epic poetry, comedy, historical writing, architecture, etc.3) Lasting effectA. Countless writers have quoted, borrowed from and otherwise used Homer’s epics, the tragedies of Aeschylus and Sophocles and Euripides, Aristophanes’s comedies, Plato’s Dialogues,ect.B. In the early part of the 19th century, in England alone, three young Romantic poets expressed their admiration of Greek culture in works which have themselves become classics: Byron’s Isles of Greece, Shelley’s Hellas and Prometheus Unbound and Keats’s Ode on a Grecian Urn.C. In the 20th century, there are Homeric parallels in the Iri shman James Joyce’s modernist masterpiece Ulysses.3. What is the similarity and difference between Greek culture and Roman culture?答：1) similarities:A. Both peoples had traditions rooted in the idea of the citizen-assembly.B. Their religions were alike enough for most of their deities to be readily identified, and their myths to be fused.C. Their languages worked in similar ways, both being members of the Indo-European language family.2) differences:A. The Romans built up a vast empire; the Greeks didn’t, except for the brief moment of Alexander’s conquests, which soon disintegrated.B. The Romans were confident in their own organizational power, their military and administrative capabilities.4. What is the Rome historical background?答：1) The history of Rome divided into two periods: Before the year 27 B.C., Rome had been a republic; from the year 27 B.C., Octavius took supreme power as emperor with the title of Augustus and Roman Empire began.2) Two centuries later, the Roman Empire reached its climax, marked by land a rea’s extension: Encircling the Mediterranean.3) Strong military power: the famous Roman legions.4) In the Roman history ,there came two hundred years of peaceful time, which was guaranteed by the Roman legions, it was known as Pax Romana.5) Another important contribution made by the Romans to European culture was Roman Law.6) The empire began to decline in the 3rd century.A. In the 4th century the emperor Constantine moved the capital from Rome to Byzantium.Renamed it Constantinople (modern Istanbul).B. After 395, the empire was divided into East (The Byzantine Empire) and WestC. In 476 the last emperor of the West was deposed by Goths and this marked the end of the West Roman Empire.D. The East Roman Empire collapsed when Constantinople fell to the Turks in 1453.第二章填空题：1. ___________is by far the most influential in the West. Christianity2. The Hebrews history was recorded in _________of the Bible. the Old Testament3. The New Testament is about _________. the doctrine of Jesus Christ4. The story abo ut God’s flooding to the human being and only good-virtue being saved was recorded in Genesis, Pentateuch, the Old Testament, the Bible, which was known as _________. Noah’s Ark.5. The Birth of Jesus was recorded in ________. Matthew6. The story about Jesus being pinned in the cross to death was known as _________. The Last Supper.7. The first English version of whole Bible was translated from the Latin Vulgate in 1382 and was copied out by hand by the early group of reformers led by _________. John Wycliff.名词解释:1. The Old TestamentThe Bible was divided into two sections: the Old Testament and the New Testament. The Old Testament is about God and the Laws of God. The word “Testament” means “agreement”, the agreement between God and Man.2. PentateuchThe Old Testament consists of 39 books, the oldest and most important of which are the first five books, called Pentateuch. Pentateuch contains five books: Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, Deuteronomy.3. GenesisGenesis is one of the five books in Pentateuch, it tells abouta religious account of the origin of the Hebrews people, including the origin of the world and of man, the career of Issac and the life of Jacob and his son Joseph.4. ExodusExodus is one of the five books in Pentateuch, it tells about a religious history of the Hebrews during their flight from Egypt, the period when they began to receive God’s Law. Joshua brought the people safely back toCanaan.5. The Book of DanielThe Book of Daniel belongs to The Old Testament of the Bible. It tells about the Hebrews being carried away into Babylon.论述简答题：1. What are the beliefs of Christianity?答：Christianity based itself on two forceful beliefs which separate it from all other religions.1）One is that Jesus Christ is the Son of God, and that God sent him to earth to live as humans live, suffer as humans suffer, and die to redeem mankind.2）The other is that God gave his only begotten son , so that whosoever believes in him should not perish, but have everlasting life.2. What are the different translation editions of the Bible?答：1)The oldest extant Greek translation of the Old Testament is known as the Septuagint. And it is still in use in the Greek Church today. But it only translated the Old Testament.2) The most ancient extant Latin version of the whole Bible is the Vulgate edition, which was done in 385-405 A.D. By St. Jerome in common people’s language. It became the official Bible of the Roman Catholic Church throughout the world.3) The first English version of whole Bible was translated fromthe Latin Vulgate in 1382 and was copied out by hand by the early group of reformers led by John Wycliff.4) After John Wycliff’s version, appeared William Tyndale’s version. It was based on the original Hebrew and Greek sources.5) The Great Bible ordered by Henry Ⅷin 1539 to be placed in all the English churches was in part founded on Tyndale’s work.6) The most important and influential of English Bible is the “Authorized” or “King James” version,first published in 1611. It was produced by 54 biblical scholars at the command of King James. With its simple, majestic Anglo-Saxon tongue, it is known as the greatest book in the English languages.7) The Revised Version appeared in 1885, and the standard American edition of the Revised Version in 1901.8) The Good News Bible and the New English Bible.3. What is the great significance of the translations of the bible?答：1) It is generally accepted that the English Bible and Shakespeare are two great reservoirs of Modern English.2) Miltion’s Paradise Lost, Bunyan’s Pilgrim’s Progress, Byron’s Cain, up to the contemporary Hemingway’s The Sun Also Rises, and Steinbeck’s East of Eden. They are not influenced without the effect of the Bible.第三章填空题：1. In _______ a Germanic (日耳曼) general killed the last Roman emperor and took control of the government. 4762. After 1054, the church was divided into _________ and _______. the Roman Catholic Church and the Eastern OrthodoxChurch.3. _______ is the one who translated into Latin both Old and New Testament from the Hebrew and Greek originals. St. Jerome4. ______introduced French and Italy writing the English native alliterative verse.5. Both ___________are the best representative of the middle English. Chaucer and The Canterbury Tales6. _________ paved the way for the development of what is the present-day European culture. the Middel Ages名词解释1. the Middle agesIn European history, the thousand-year period following the fall of the Western Roman Empire in the fifth century is called the Middle Ages. The middle ages is so called because it came between ancient times and modern times. To be specific, from the 5th century to 15th century.2. FeudalismFeudalism in Europe was mainly a system of land holding—a system of holding land in exchange for military service. The word “feudalism” was derived from the Latin “feudum”, a grant of land. 3. The ManorThe centre of medieval life under feudalism was the manor. Manors werefounded on the fiefs of the lords. By the twelfth century manor houses were made of stone and designed as fortresses. They came to be called castles.4. Carolingian RenaissanceCarolingian Renaissance is derived from Charlemagne’s name in Latin, Carolus. The most interesting facet of this rather minor renaissance is the spectacle of Frankish or Germanic statereaching out to assimilate the riches of the Roman Classical and the Christianized Hebraic culture.5. Gothic1) The Gothic style started in France and quickly spread through all parts of Western Europe.2) It lasted from the mid-12th to the end of 15th century and, in some areas, into the 16th. More churches were built in this manner than in any other style in history.3) The Gothic was an outgrowth of the Romanesque.论述简答题：1. Why is the middle ages is called Age of Faith？答：1) During the Medieval times there was no central government to keep the order. The only organization that seemed to unite Europe was the Christian church.2) The Christian church continued to gain widespread power and influence.3) In the Late middle ages, almost everyone in western Europe was a Christian and a member of the Christian Church. Christianity took the lead in politics, law, art, and learningfor hundreds of years.4) It shaped people’s lives. That is why the middle ages is also called the “Age of Faith”.2. What is the great significance of the Crusades?答：1) The crusades brought the East into closer contact with the West. And they greatly influenced the history of Europe.2) During the wars while many of the feudal lords went to fight in Palestine, kings at home found opportunities to strengthen themselves. Thus among other things, Crusades helped to break down feudalism, which, in turn led to the rise of the monarchies.3) Besides, through their contact with the more cultured Byzantines and Moslems, the western Europeans changed many of their old ideas. Their desire for wealth or power began to overshadow their religious ideals.4) The Crusades also resulted in re newing people’s interest in learning and invention. By the 13th century, universities had spread all over Europe. Such knowledge as Arabic numerals, algebra , and Arab medicine were introduced to the West.5) As trade increased, village and towns began to grow into cities. And the rise of towns and trade in western Europe paved the way of the growth of strong national governments.3. How did learning and science develop in the Middle Ages?答：1) Charlemagne and Carolingian Renaissance:A. He was crowned “Emperor of the Romans” by the pope in 800.B. Carolingian Renaissance is derived from Charlemagne’s name in Latin, Carolus. The most interesting facet of this rather minor renaissance is the spectacle of Frankish or Germanic state reaching out to assimilate the riches of the Roman Classical and the Christianized Hebraic culture.2) Alfred the Great and Wessex Centre of Learning:A. He promoted translations into the vernacular from Latin works.B. He also inspired the compilation of the Anglo-Saxon Chronicles.3) St. Thomas Aquinas and Scholasticism:4) Roger Bacon and Experimental Science:A. Roger Bacon, a monk, was one of the earliest advocates of scientific research.B. He called for careful observation and experimentation. Hismain work was the Opus maius.4. How did literature develop in the middle ages?答：1) The epic was the product of the Heroic Age. It was an important and mostly used form in ancient literature.“National epic” refers to the epic written in vernacular languages—that is, the languages of various national states that came into being in the Middle Ages. Literary works were no longer all written in Latin. It was the starting point of a gradual transition of European literature from Latin culture to a culture that was the combination of a variety of national characteristics. Both Beowulf and song of Roland were the representative works of the National Epics.2) Dante Alighieri and The Divine Comedy:A. His masterpiece, The Divine Comedy, is one of the landmarks of world literature.B. The poem expresses humanistic ideas which foreshadowed the spirit of Renaissance.C. Dante wrote his masterpiece in Italian rather than in Latin.3) Geoffery Chaucer and The Canterbury Tales:A. The Canterbury Tales were his most popular work.B. Most of the tales are written in verse which reflects Chaucer’s innovation by introducing into the native alliterative verse the French and Italian styles.C. Chaucer is thus to be , regarded as the first short story teller and the first modern poet in English literature.D. Chaucer and the Canterbury Tales were representative of the Middle ages.5. What is the difference between the vernacular language used in the National epics and the vernacular language used by Mark twain?答：1) The epic was the product of the Heroic Age. It was an important and mostly used form in ancient literature.“National epic” refers to the epic written in vernacular languages—that is, the languages of various national states that came into being in the Middle Ages. Literary works were no longer all written in Latin. It was the starting point of a gradual transition of European literature from Latin culture to a culture that was the combination of a variety of national characteristics. Both Beowulf and song of Roland were the representative works of the National Epics.2) The vernacular language used by Mark twain refers to both local and colloq language used in the Mississippi area, with a strong characteristic of that region. Mark twain used vernacular language not only in dialogue, but also in narration.3) His representative works Life on the Mississippi.6. What were the power and influence of the Roman Catholic church in the Medieval times?1) With a highly centralized and disciplined international organization from priests to Pope, the Roman Catholic Church seemed to be the only unity across the western Europe of the Medieval times. It developed a civilization based on Christianity and helped to preserve and pass on the heritage of the classical cultures by the official language of Latin.2) with the Pope as the supreme head of all the Christian Churches of the western Europe, the Catholic (meaning universal) church received heavy taxes from lay people and various supports from nobles and kings. Church could remove any opponents political rights or even emperors, with the powerful symbol of the Inquisition, the Church court to punish heresy.3) The Medieval Church was the center of the Europeans’daily life and almost everyone became a member of the Church. People turned to the Church for comfort and spiritual guidance; the Church also was the center of holy communion, recreation, trade and communal activity.4) Clergy then was the only literate class, so kings and nobles used them to implement important secular governmental duties.5) The Church took the lead in politics, law, art, and learning throughout the “Age of Faith”. For example, Romanesque and Gothic arts were predominantly religious; in learning, it influenced greatly the western thinking with the monks’ work on copying and translating anc ient books, the Church Fathers’ philosophy, Monasticism, Scholasticism and Experimental science.6) originally for regaining the holy city of Jerusalem, the Church launched 200-year Crusades, which helped to bread down feudalism and enhanced the cultural contact between the West and the East.第四章填空题：1. Renaissance started in ________ and ________ with the flowering of paintings, sculpture and architecture. Florence and Venice.2. In Renaissance literature of Italy, _______ was the representative poet. Petrarch3. At the heart of the Renaissance philosophy was the assertion of _________. the greatness of man.4. The idea of the greatness of man is reflected in __________ literature. Shakespeare’s5. The national religion established after reformation in England was called _______. The church of England or TheAnglican Church.6. It was under the reign of _______ that reformation was successful in England. Henry Ⅷ.7. Montaigne was a French humanist known for his _______. “Essais”(Essays).8. The representative novelist of Renaissance in Spain was __________ with his famous work_______, which marked European culture entry into a new stage. Cervantes Don Quixote9. The Venus of Urbino is ___________ works. Titian10. _______ translated the whole Bible with the vernacular language. Martin Luther名词解释:1. RenaissanceGenerally speaking, Renaissance refers to the period between the 14th and mid-17th century. The word “Renaissance” means revival, specifically in this period of history, revival of interest in ancient Greek and Roman culture. Renaissance, in essence, was a historical period in which the European humanist thinkers and scholars made attempts to get rid of conservatism in feudalist Europe and introduce new ideas that expressed the interests of the rising bourgeoisie, to lift the restrictions in all areas placed by the Roman church authorities.2. ReformationThe Reformation was a 16th century religious movement as well as a socio-political movement. It began as Martin Luther posted on the door of the castle church at the University of Wittenberg his 95 thesis. This movement which swept over the whole of Europe was aimed at opposing the absolute authority of the Roman Catholic Church and replacing it with the absolute authority of the Bible. The reformists engaged themselves intranslating the Bible into their mother tongues.3. Counter-ReformationBy late 1520 the Roman Catholic Church had lost its control over the church in Germany. The Roman Catholic Church did not stay idle. They mustered their forces, the dedicated Catholic groups, to examine the Church institutions and introduce reforms and improvements, to bring back its vitality. This recovery of power is often called by historiansthe Counter-Reformation.论述简答题：1. What are the Geographical Discoveries in the Renaissance?答：The Renaissance was the golden age of geographical discoveries: by the year of 1600 the surface of the known earth was doubled.1)Columbus: Columbus discovered the land of America. On his fourth voyage he explored the coast of Central America.2)Dias: Dias was a Portuguese navigator who discovered the Cape of Good Hope in 1487.3)Da Gama: Gama was a Portuguese navigator, who discovered the route to India round the Cape of Good Hope between the years of 1497 and 1498.4)Amerig：Amerigo was the Italian navigator on whose honour America was named. His discovered and explored the mouth of the Amazon and accepted South America as a new continent.2. What positive influence does the reformation exert on world culture?答:1)The Roman Catholic Church was never the international court to which all rulers and states were to be morally responsible for.2)Economically, peasants all over Europe had no need to paya good amount of their gains to the Pope.3)In educational and cultural matters, the monopoly of the church was broken.4)In religion, Protestantism brought into being different forms of Christianity to challenge the absolute rule of the Roman Catholic Church.5)In language, the dominant position of Latin had to give way to the national languages as a result of various translations of the Bible into the vernacular.6)In spirit, absolute obedience became out-moded and the spirit of quest, debate , was ushered in by the reformists.3. What contribution did the Renaissance make to the world culture?答：1、The Renaissance created a culture which freed man to discover and enjoy the world in a way not possible under the medieval Church’s dispensation.2、The Reformation dealt the feudal theocracy a fatal blow.第五章填空题：1. The modern world, so far as mental outlook is concerned, begins in ________. the 17th century2. _________ formed the basis of all modern planetary astronomy and led to Newton’s discovery of the laws of gravitation. Kepler’s Laws3. “Knowledge is power.” By _____. Francis Bacon4. Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested. By _____. Francis Bacon5. Leviathan is written by ________. T omas Hobbes6. The English Revolution is also called __________. BourgeoisieRevolution.7. In _______, the Bill of Rights was enacted by the English Parliament. 16898. There are two leaders in the English Revolution. _______ was the man of action and ________ the man of thought. Cromwell, Milton.9. The best representative of French neoclassicism is ________. Molière名词解释：1. the laws of gravitation: the sun, the moon, the earth, the planets, and all the other bodies in the universe move in accordance with the same basic force, which is call gravitation.2. ClassicismClassicism implies the revival of the forms and traditions of the ancient world, a return to works of old Greek literature from Homer to Plato and Aristotle. But French classicism of the 17th century was not conscious of being a classical revival. It intended to produce a literature, French to the core, which was worthy of Greek and classical ideals. This neoclassicism reached its climax in France in the 17th century.3. Baroque ArtBaroque Art, flourished first in Italy, and then spread to Spain, Portugal, France in south Europe and to Flander and the Netherlands in the North. It was characterized by dramatic intensity and sentimental appeal with a lot of emphasis on light and colour.论述简答1. Why do we say the 17th century is a transitional period from middle ages to the modern times? 答：1) This advance began in science, in astronomy, physics and pure mathematics,owing to the work of Galileo, Kepler, Newton and Descartes.2) The outlook of educated men was transformed. There wasa prof ound change in the conception of men’s place in the universe.3) The new science and philosophy gave a great push to the political struggle waged by the newly emerged class, the bourgeoisie, and other chasses.4) The modern world, so far as mental outlook is concerned, begins in the 17th century.2. What are the merits shared by the Great Scientists of 17th century？答：During the 17th century, the modern Scientific method began to take shape. It emphasized observation and experimentation before formulating a final explanation or generalization. Copernicus、Kepler、Galileo、Newton and other scientists of the time shared two merits which favoured the advance of science.1) First, they showed boldness in framing hypotheses.2) Second, they all had immense patience in observation.3) The combination of the two merits brought about fundamental changes inman’s scientific and philosophical thinking.3. What is Baconian Philosophical system?答：1) The whole basis of his philosophy was practical: to give mankind mastery over the forces of nature by means of scientific discoveries and inventions.2) He held that philosophy should be kept separate from theology, not intimately be blended with it as in Scholasticism.3) Bacon established the inductive method. Induction means reasoning from particular facts or individual cases to a generalconclusion.. Deductive method emphasized reasoning from a known principle to the unknown and from the general to the specific.4) In a word, to break with the past, and to restore man to his lost mastery of the natural world. This was what Bacon called the Great Instauration.4. What is the difference between Hobbes and Locke in terms of nature Law?答：For Locke, Nature Law, therefore, means a universally obligatory moral law promulgated by the human reason. Whereas for Hobbes it means the law of power, force and fraud.5. What is the different between Tomas Hobbes and John Locke in terms of Social Contract?1) John Lock’s Social Contract consists of :A. Society is out of necessity, convenience and man’s own interest, and therefore, society is natural to man.B. The institution of political society and government must proceed from the consent of those who are incorporated into political society and subject themselves to government.C. Locke emphasized that the social contract must be understood as involving the individual’s consent to submit to the will of the majority and that the will of the majority must prevail.D. Locke also believed that the ruler of government is one partner of the social contract. If he violates the social contract, then government is effectively dissolved. This idea was welcomed by the Americans during the American Revolution and the bourgeoisie revolution in England.2 Tomas Hobbes’ Social Contract consists of:A. It is necessary that there should be a common power orgovernment backed by force and able to punish.B. Commonwealth, in Latin, Civitas.C. To escape anarchy, men enter into a social contract, by which they submit to the sovereign. In return for conferring all their powers and strength to the sovereign, men attain peace and security.D. The powers of the sovereign must be absolute, and it is only be the centralization of authority in one person that the evil can be avoided.E. As to the form of government, Hobbes preferred monarchy.F. Government was not created by God, but by men themselves.3) Although both Tomas Hobbes and John Locke used the term “social contract”, they differed fundamentally.A. Firstly, Hobbes argued men enter a social contract to escape the state of war, for, in his view, men are enemies and at war with each other. Locke argued men are equal and that they enter a social contract by reason.B. Secondly, Hobbes argued that individuals surrender their rights to one man, the sovereign whose power is absolute.Locke argued that the individuals surrender their rights to the community as a whole. According to him, by majority vote a representative is chosen, but his power not absolute. If he fails to implement the people’s will, the people have the right to overthrow him.4. What is the great significance of the English Revolution?1、It was the first time that capitalism has defeated absolute monarchy in history.2、The English Revolution marked that the modern times are approaching.。
2015春欧洲文化入门(阅读)判断题
1．第1题Like the Jews, the Christians rejected the Greco-Roman gods and the Cult of the Living Emperors.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.02．第2题The Italian Renaissance was largely credited to the economic success in Italy at that time.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.03．第3题Dante was the first Italian writer to compose in his native language rather than in Latin.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.04．第4题The term “dictator” did not have its present day’s derogatory meaning in the period of the Roman Republic.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.05．第5题The institution of the senate in the Roman Republic could be traced to the Etruscan tradition.您的答案：正确题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.06．第6题Octavian kept the republican system in name in order to gain support.您的答案：正确题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.07．第7题Ptolemy’s geocentric theory remained very popular in Europe for centuries.您的答案：正确题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.08．第8题Legends have it that the Garden of Eden situated on the Mesopotamian plain.您的答案：正确题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.09．第9题Similar to all ancient agricultural societies, ancient Egyptians also divided a year into four seasons.您的答案：错误题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.010．第10题All Egyptian gods have a human body and an animal head.您的答案：错误题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.011．第11题The Minoan civilization is often regarded as the first advanced civilization of Europe.您的答案：正确题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.012．第12题The Greek city-states varied greatly in their governmental structures.您的答案：错误题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.013．第13题It was only in the 16th century that the Church of Rome’s monopoly began to meet the challenge for religious reform.您的答案：错误题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.014．第14题Reading of the Bible and his theological teaching made clearer Luther’s idea about the malpractices of the Church.您的答案：正确题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.015．第15题Lyric is a poetic form so called because it was originally sung by individuals or a chorus accompanied by a musical instrument called the lyre.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.016．第16题The Holy Roman Emperor Charles V helped the Pope in the movement of Catholic Counter-Reformation.您的答案：错误题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.017．第17题The Northern Renaissance is the term used to describe the Renaissance in northern Europe, ormore broadly in Europe outside Italy.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.018．第18题Marsilio Ficino, the first man to translate Plato’s complete works from Greek into Latin, was known as a Neo-Platonist.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.019．第19题Romanesque architecture was known by its massive quality, round arches, barrel vaults, thick walls, sturdy pillars, small windows, large towers and decorative arcading.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.020．第20题Romance combined features of both vernacular epic and vernacular lyric.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.021．第21题Earlier Christian leaders all agreed that the gospel was intended for Jews and non-Jews as well to hear.您的答案：错误题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.022．第22题Mesopotamian civilization was based on the tradition, culture and custom of one single group of ancient people living in the region.您的答案：错误题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.023．第23题The Hammurabi Code is the oldest known legal document in human history.您的答案：错误题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.024．第24题Though the idea of democracy originated in Athens, the practice was very different from today’s western countries.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.025．第25题According to Aristotle, Form (or Idea) exists as a higher reality than the material world.您的答案：错误题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.026．第26题In the Middle Ages, Christians in Western Europe only needed to pay one tenth of their annual income to the Church of Rome.您的答案：错误题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.027．第27题According to Luther, the Bible was the only source of political and religious authority.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.028．第28题The characteristic features of the Gothic style included pointed arches, ribbed vaults, flying buttresses, thinner walls, large andstained-glass windows.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.029．第29题An important product of vernacular romance literature was the Romance of the Rose.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.030．第30题The Romans were extremely intolerant of foreign religions.您的答案：错误题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.031．第31题By the 15th century the Pope had become powerful in both the secular life of the Europeans as well as in their religious life.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.032．第32题All city-states of northern Italy belonged to the Holy Roman Empire during the Renaissance.您的答案：错误题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.033．第33题During the Renaissance, many Italian scholars began to learn Greek because they wanted totranslate Latin works into Greek.您的答案：错误题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.034．第34题It was the Romans who created the name “Africa” after they conquered the Carthage Empire.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.035．第35题Universities served only a limited sector of the medieval population, only for men and the wealthy; women and the poor were kept out of education.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.036．第36题Medieval fables are regarded as forerunners of the modern short story.您的答案：错误题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.037．第37题At the age of 30, Jesus started to preach; but he had no intention to create a new religion.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.038．第38题It was the Sumerians who first started systematic agriculture.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.039．第39题In the ancient Egyptian society there were only male pharaohs.您的答案：错误题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.040．第40题Athenian magistrate Solon devised the Council of 500 as a check to the power of the nobles.您的答案：错误题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.041．第41题Christian Humanism helped pave the way for the Protestant Reformation.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.042．第42题To allow a person to buy God’s forgiveness and ransom his way out of hell, the Church developed the sale of indulgences.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.043．第43题During the 12th and 13th centuries, Romanesque style gradually took the place of Gothic style in architecture.您的答案：错误题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.044．第44题Seven Sacraments are recognized by Catholic Church, Orthodox Churches and ProtestantChurches.您的答案：错误题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.045．第45题In his incomplete Summa of Theology, Thomas Aquinas sought to reconcile systematically Christian doctrine and Greek philosophy.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.046．第46题That the early Christians suffered systematical persecution by the Roman authorities was a myth.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.047．第47题During the Renaissance, all scholars and artists abandoned medieval qualities and embraced modern values over night.您的答案：错误题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.048．第48题“Middle English” was the national language of the England during the Early Middle Ages.您的答案：错误题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.049．第49题In the Roman Republic, citizenship was determined by blood only. In other words, only when both parents were native Romans could a person become Roman citizen.您的答案：错误题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.050．第50题Out of great respect for traditions, the Romans were reluctant to make reforms.您的答案：错误题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.051．第51题The Laws of the Twelve Tables was the first written law in Rome.您的答案：正确题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.052．第52题The Americans learnt from the ancient Rome in creating their federal government.您的答案：正确题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.053．第53题The Romans were extremely intolerant of foreign religions.您的答案：错误题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.054．第54题The basic units of the first human civilization were city-states.您的答案：正确题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.055．第55题The Hammurabi Code ensured that every one is equal before the law.您的答案：错误题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.056．第56题Mount Olympus is the highest point in Greece and home of the mythical Greek gods. ？您的答案：正确题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.057．第57题Acropolis is an open space or plaza that served both as a market and as a place where citizens could assemble.您的答案：错误题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.058．第58题Among the Olympian gods, Zeus was the chief deity and he was mainly worshipped at Olympia.您的答案：正确题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.059．第59题The sales of Church offices led to low religious and personal standards of the clergymen.您的答案：正确题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.060．第60题Due to the Protestant Reformation and the Catholic Counter-Reformation, the Church of Rome lost its authority to settle all disputes among Christians.您的答案：错误题目分数：1.0此题得分：0.0作业总得分：99.0。
欧洲文化练习题(1-7章)
第一节希腊文化Greek Culture1. Which culture reached a high point of development in the 5th century B.C.?A.Greek CultureB.Roman CultureC.Egyptian CultureD.Chinese Culture2. In( )the Romans conquered Greece.A.1200B.C. B.700B.C. C.146B.C.D.the 5th century3. Which of the following works described the war led by Agamemnon against the city of Troy?A.Oedipus the kingB.IliadC.OdysseyD.Antigone4. Which of the following is NOT the greatest tragic dramatist of ancient Greece?A.AristophanesB.EuripidesC.SophoclesD.Aeschylus5. Which of the following is NOT the play written by Aeschylus?A.AntigoneB.AgamemnonC.PersiansD.Prometheus Bound6. Which of the following is NOT the play written by Sophocles?A.ElectraB.AntigoneC.Trojan WomanD.Oedipus the king7. Which of the following is the play written by Euripides?A.AntigoneB.PersiansC.ElectraD.Medea8. Who was the founder of scientific mathematics?A.HeracleitusB.AristotleC.SocratesD.Pythagoras9. Who ever said that "You can not step twice into the same river."?A.PythagorasB.HeracleitusC.DemocritusD.Aristotle10. ( )believed that the highest good in life was pleasure, freedom from pain and emotional upheaval.A.SophistsB.CynicsC.SkepticsD.Epicureans11. ( )is said to have told the king :"Give me a place to stand, and I will move the world."A.ArchimedesB.AristotleC.PlatoD.Euclid第二节罗马文化Roman Culture1. Who wrote "Captive Greece took her rude conqueror captive."?A.SapphoB.PlatoC.VirgilD.Horace2. Increasingly troubled by the inroads of northern tribes such as Goths, the West Roman Empire finally collapsed in( ) A.D..A.395B.27C.1453D.4763. Who wrote "I came ,I saw,Iconquered"?A.HoraceB.Julius CaesarC.VirgilD.Marcus Tullius Cicero4. The author of the philosophical poem On the Nature of Things is( )A.VirgilB.Julius CaesarC.HoraceD.Lucretius5. Which of the following is not Roman architecture?A.The ColosseumB.The PanthenonC.The ParthenonD.Pont du Gard True or False1. Greek culture reached a high point of development in the 6th century B.C (5th)F2. The Iliad deals with the alliance of the states of the southern mainland of Greece, led by Agamemnon in their war against the city of Troy.T3. Sappho, was considered the most important lyric poet of ancient Greece.T4. Herodotus is often called …Father of History‟ and he wrote about the wars between Greeks and Romans. ( Greeks and Persians)F5. The greatest names in European philosophy are Socrates, Plato and Aristotle ,who were active in the 5th and 4th century B.CT6. Socrates ever said “you cannot step twice into the same river”. (Heraclitus)F7. Archimedes is ever now well-now for his Elements ,a testbook of geometry.-F第二章《圣经》与基督教1. Which of the following is by far the most influential in the West?A.BuddismB.IslamismC.ChristianityD.Judaism2. The Old Testament consists of 39 books, the oldest and most important of which are the first five books, called( )A.ExodusmandmentsC. AmosD.Pentateuch3. At the age of 30, Jesus Christ received the baptism at the hands of _____.A.St.PeterB.St.PaulC.John BaptistD.John Wycliff4. Which of the following emperors issued the Edict of Milan and made Christianity legal in 313? ____.A.Augustus IB.Thedosius IC.Nero ID.Constantine I5. Which of the following emperors made Christianity the official religion of the empire and outlawed all other religions in 392 A.D.?A.TheodosiusB.AugustusC.Constantine ID. Nero Caesar6. By 1963, the whole of the Bible had been translated in _____languages.A.288B.974C.1202D.1547. When printing was invented in the 1500‟s, the ____Bible was the first complete work printed.A.EnglishtinC.AramaicD.Hebrew8. When did the standard American edition of the Revised Version appear? ____A.1885B.1611C.1901D.1979第三章中世纪第一节庄园与教堂1. In the latter part of the 4th century, which of the following tribles swept into Europe from central Asia, robbing and killing large numbers of the half civilized Germanic tribes? ____A.the MongoliansB.the HunsC.the TurkishD.the Syrians2. The Middle Ages id also called the ____.A. "Age of Christianity"B. "Age of Literature"C. "Age of Holy Spirit"D. "Age of Faith"3. In 732, who gave his soldiers estates known as fiefs as a reward for their service? ___A.Charles Martel, a Frankish rulerB. Charles I, a Turkish rulerC. Constantine I, a Frankish rulerD. St.Benedict, an Italian ruler4. According to the code of chivalry, which of the following is not pledged to do for a knight? _____A.to be loyal to his lordB. B.to fight for the churchC. to obey without question the orders of the abbotD. to respect women of noble birth5. When was the Church divided into the Roman Catholic Church and Eastern Orthodox Church? _____A.after 1066B. after 1296C. after 1054D. after 4766. Under feudalism, what were the three classes of people of western Europe? ____A.clergy, knights and serfsB. Pope, bishop and peasantsC.clergy, lords and peasantsD. knights, nobles and serfs7. By which year the Moslems had taken over the last Christian stronghold and won the crusaders and ruled all the territory in Palestine that crusaders had fought to control? _____A.1270B.1254C.1096D.1291第二节学术、科学、文学艺术与建筑8. Which of the following was crowned "Emperor of the Romans” by the Pope in 800?__A. St.Thomas AquinasB. CharlemagneC. ConstantineD. King James9. Who was the ruler of the Anglo-Saxon kingdom of Wessex and contributed greatly to the medieval European culture? ____A.Charles IB. Constantine IC. Alfred the GreatD. Charles the Great10. Which country‟s epic does Song of Roland belong to? ____A.EnglishB. GermanicC. HebrewD.French第四章文艺复兴与宗教改革第一节意大利文艺复兴1. Where did the Renaissance start with the following of paintings, sculpture and architecture? _____A.in Greece and RomeB.in Florence and VeniceC.in Milan and FlorenceD.in Italy and Germany2. When did the Renaissance reach its height with its center moving to Milan, then to Rome, and created High Renaissance? ____A.in the 11th centuryB.in the 15th centuryC.in the 16th centuryD.in the 17th century3. Which of the following works is written by Boccaccio? _____A.DecameronB.CanzoniersC.DavidD.Moses4. Which of the following paintings was based on the story in the Bible with Maria riding on a donkey ready to face the hardship ahead? _____A.TempestaB.Sacred and Profane LoveC.Flight into EgyptD.The Return of the Hunters5. Who is the author of the painting, Betrayal of Judas? ____A.GiottoB.BrunelleschiC.DonatelloD.Giorgione6. Which of the following High Renaissance artists was best known for hisMadona(Virgin Mary)? ____A.TitianB.da VinciC.MichelangeloD.Raphael7. Which of the following High Renaissance artists is the father of the modern mode of painting? _____A.RaphaelB.TitianC.da VinciD.Michelangelo第二节宗教改革与反宗教改革8. who took up the translation of the Bible into English for the first time? _____A. Jan HusB. John WyclifC. Martine LutherD. John Calvin9. who is the author of Institutes of the Christian Religion(基督教要义)? _____A. John WyclifB. Jan HusC. John CalvinD. Erasmus第三节其他国家的宗教改革10. which of the following works was written by Rabelais, in which he praises the greatness of man, expresses his love of life and his reverence and sympathy for humanist learning?___A. Gargantua and PantagruelB. Don QuixoteC. The Praise of FollyD. Utopia11. who put down this world-famous motto “what do I know?” in his essays?_____A. CervantesB. RabelaisC. MontaigneD.Shakespeare12. in _____ , Cervantes satirized a very popular type of literature at the time, the romance of chivalry.A. Don QuixoteB. HamletC.LeviathanD. The Life and Surprising Adventures of Robinson Crusoe13. which of the following is NOT French writer or poet?_____A. CervantesB.Pierre de RonsardC.RabelaisD. Montaigne14. in 1516, who published the first Greek edition of the new Testment?_____A. BruegelB. ErasmusC.El GrecoD. Rabelais15. “ To be, or not to be, --that is the question” is from whose works?_____A. ChaucerB. DanteC. Roger BaconD. Shakepeare16. in The Revolution of Heavenly Orbs, put forward his theory that the sun, not the earth, is the center of the universe. ____A. KeplerB. GalileoC. NewtonD. Copernicus17._____, author of Prince, is called “Father of political science” in the west.A. MachiavelliB. DanteC. BaconD. Locke第五章17世纪第一节科学1. The first major advance of modern science occurred in .A. anatomyB. astronomyC. printingD. geographical discoveries2. The author of The Revolution of the Heavenly Orbs is .A. KeplerB. CopernicusC. GalileoD. Newton3. In The Revolution of the Heavenly Orbs, put forward his theory that the sun, not the earth, is the center of the universe.A. KeplerB. GalileoC. NewtonD. Copernicus4. Galileo is the greatest name in the physics of the 17th century. His telescope magnified objects .A. a thousand timesB. a hundred timesC. ten-thousand timesD. five-hundred times5. which of the following about Galileo is NOT true?A. He invented the telescope and was the first to apply the telescope to the study ofthe skies.B. He discovered the law of inertiaC. He discovered the importance of acceleration in dynamics.D. He was the first to establish the law of falling bodies.6. which of the following statements about Newton‟s contribution to the science is NOT true?A. He discovered the law of the universal gravitation.B. He invented calculus.C. He discovered that white light is composed of all the colors of the spectrum.D. He discovered the law of relativity.7. and Newton invented independently the differential and integral calculus.A. DescartesB. CopernicusC. LeibnizD. Kepler第二节英国的哲学、政治学和文学8. said, “ Knowledge is power.”A. ShakespeareB. Francis BaconC. Thomas HobbesD. John Locke9. Which of the following works was not written by Francis Bacon?A. Essay Concerning Human UnderstandingB. The Novum Organum (New Method)C. The New AtlantisD. The Advancement of Learning10. Which of the following philosophers believed that man is selfish by nature?A. John LockeB. DescartesC. Pierre GassendiD. Thomas Hobbes11. Which of the following works is NOT written by John Milton?A. Paradise LostB. AreopagiticaC. Samson AgonistesD. Andromaque12. In 1644, John Milton wrote a protest against a parliamentary decree reimposing complete censorship of the press. This was his best-known prose .A. AndromaqueB. AreopagiticaC. Paradise Lost13. Which of the following philosophers ever said “ I think, therefore I am”?A. Francis BaconB. Pierre GassendiC. Descartes14. Which of the following philosophers believed that knowledge of the universe andcertain principle and laws of physics is innate?A. John LockeB. Pierre Gassendi D. Descartes15. “ I walk, therefor I am” is whose slogan?A. John LockeB. Pierre Gassendi D. Francis Bacon16. Which of the following works displays the grand style of Corneille‟s work?A. Le CidB. AndromaqueC. TartuffeD. Le Misanthrope17. Which of the following artists helped to bring the Roman Baroque style to its climax?A. RubensB. BorrominiC. CaravggioD. Bernini18. Which of the following artists helped to spread the Baroque style to North Europe?A. RubensB. VelazquezC. BorrominiD. Bernini19. In the middle of the 17th century, which country was the richest and the mostpowerful country in Europe?A. FlanderB. the NetherlandsC. EnglandD. France第六章启蒙时期1.whose doctrines of the separation of powers became one of the most important principles of the U.S. constitution？A. John LockeB. RousseauC. MontesquieuD. V oltaire2. Which of the following works is the most famous of V oltaire‟s novels?A. CandideB. The New HeloiseC. EmileD. Laocoon3. “Man is born free, and everywhere he is in chains. ”A re whose most famous world?A. MontesquieuB. RousseauC. V oltaireD. Diderot4. Who ever said that “nature made men happy and good, but society makes him evil and miserable”?A. DiderotB. V oltaireC. MontesquieuD. Rousseau5. Who is NOT famous for his theory of social contract?A. HobbesB. BaconC. LockeD. Rousseau6. Which of the following works is a classic of modern aesthetics?A. LaocoonB. FaustC. The RobberD. Wallenstein第7章浪漫主义1. Which of the following two poets called the “lakers”?A. Wordsworth and ColeridgeB. Goethe and SchillerC. Byron and KeatsD. Pushkin and Lermontov2. If winter comes, can spring be far behind?” is from the ending line of “Ode to the West Wind” by .A. WordsworthB. KeatsC. PushkinD. Shelley3. Which of the following writers wrote Ode to a Nightingale and died very young?A. ByronB. KeatsC. ShelleyD. Wordsworth4. Which of the following writers or poets is usually called the father of European historical novel?A. GoetheB. Victor HugoC. PushkinD. Walter Scott5. which of the following works was introduced to China at the end of the 19th century through Lin Shu‟s translation, which bore the romantic title《撒克逊劫后英雄略》?A. The Heart of Mid-LothianB. Boris GodunovC. The BetrothedD. Ivanhoe6. Who is the author of Notre Dame de Paris and Les Miserables on which there have been many films based?A. George SandB. Daniel DefoeC. Victor HugoD. Henry Fidlding7. Which of the following Romantic writers ever fought for women‟s freedom in love and marriage?A. George SandB. ChateaubriandC. Victor HugoD. Taylor Coleridge8. In which of the following works did Pushkin create a character, who was the first “superfluous man” in Russian literature?A. Eugene OneginC. Ruslan and LiudmilaD. A Hero of Our Time9. Which of the following is not regard as a romantic writer?A. WordsworthB. ShelleyC. Pushkin10. Which of the following musicians was NOT from Germany?A. MendelssohnB. BrahmsC. Schumann11. The composer of Swan Lake was , a genius in symphonic music.A. TchaikovskyB. Chopin D. Mozart。
欧洲文化入门总复习题
欧洲文化入门复习题（2、3章）一：选择（51’）1:Hebrew---Israelite---Jew Jew---Jewish---Judaism Judaism---Christianity2:Pentateuch(摩西五经)：Genesis(创世纪)、Exodus(出埃及记)、Leviticus(利未记)、Numbers(民数计)、Deuteronomy(申命记)3：The fall of man: Adam and Eve、the Garden of Eden4: Noah’s Ark5:Moses(a famous Hebrew leader) 、Exodus、40 years、the mountainous Sinai、Ten Commandments6:While in Babylon in the 6th century B.C., the Hebrews, now known as Jews, formed synagogues(大会堂) to practise their religion.7:如今有多少犹太人？15 million8:Jesus 出生地：那瑟勒死亡地：耶路撒冷郊外髑髅地·各各地Baptism: 30 years、John baptist9:Diocletian destroyed、Constantine and the Edict of Milan in 133、Theodosius official10: the new testament(新约)：the birth、teaching、death（The Crucifixion耶稣被钉十字架）、resurrection of Jesus11：现代英语两大宝库：the English Bible and Shakespeare12:228 years13:the Code of Chivalry：to protect the week, to fight for church, to be loyal to his lord, to respect women of noble birth.14:half civilized Germanic tribes: Visigoths, the Franks, the Angle and Saxons, the Vandals15:Feudalism(封建主义) the Manor(庄园) serfs(农奴) Charles Martel in 732. 16:After 1054, the Roman Catholic church and Eastern Orthodox church17:three groups in feudalism: clergy(牧师最高) lords peasants(农民最低)18：the crusades(十字军) 8 times 200 yearsBy 1291, the moslems had taken over the last Christain stronghold.19:Emperor of the Romans(神圣罗马皇帝): Charlemagne(查理曼大帝)20:Alfred the Great(Anglo-Saxdon) contributed to medieval European culture21:real scientific progress began in the 12th and 13th centuries.Roger bacon(a monk) is an advocate of scientific research.Opus maius, and encyclopedia（自然哲学总则）22:National Epics: Beowulf(Anglo-saxon/英国) Song of Roland(French/法国) 荷马史诗代表作Iliad(伊利亚特）和Odysse（奥德赛）Geoffrey Chaucer(杰弗里乔叟) and the Canterbury tales(坎特伯雷故事)23：Romanesque(罗马建筑) Gothic(哥特式建筑)：stained glass windows are the Holy Scriptures24:哲学三杰（苏格拉底，柏拉图，亚里士多德）顺序不能打乱二：简答（6道）1:Two Major Elements in European CultureEuropean culture is made up of many elements, which have gone through changes over the centuries. Two of these elements are considered to be more enduring and they are: the Greco-Roman element, and the Judeo-Christian element. However, there has been a complex interplay between the two, which adds to the richness of the culture.2:Why should Chinese students of English bother about European culture?Well, English culture is a part of European culture and language cannot be learned without some knowledge of the culture Behind it.Further, European culture itself is a part of world culture. Some knowledge of it is necessary to us as citizens of the world, particularly when our country is going ahead with modernization and taking an active part in world affairs.3：Ten Commandments(摩西十诫)1）You shall have no other gods before me.除了我以外，你不可有别的神。
[VIP专享]2015春欧洲文化入门选择题
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1．第1题Which one of the following statements about “Jacques rebellion” is NOT true?A.The peasants involved in the rebellion had a clear political program and organization.B.The rebellion took its name from a contemptuous nickname used by the French nobles for any peasant.C.Rebellious peasants burned down castles, murdered their lords, and raped their lords’ wives.D.Within a month the rebellion was suppressed by French nobles.您的答案：A题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.02．第2题The following kings were called “new monarchs”, EXCEPTA.Louis XI of FranceB.Friedrich I of GermanyC.Henry VII of EnglandD.Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain您的答案：B题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.03．第3题Of the following orders of columns, which one is more formal and dignified and mainly usedin mainland Greece?A.DoricB.IonicC.Corinthianposite您的答案：A题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.04．第4题Which of the following statements aboutWestern Schism is NOT true?A.France recognized the French antipope Clement.B.England recognized Pope Urban.C.Scotland followed the French.D.The emperor of Holy Roman Empire in Germany recognized Clement.您的答案：D题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.05．第5题Which description of the traditional Greek religion is incorrect?A.Ancient Greeks believed that the gods have human forms and human personality.B.For the Greeks, the gods only favored those people and states that honored them.C.In ancient Greece, the main religious ceremony took place inside the temple.D.Oracles also played an important part in the Greek religion and beliefs.您的答案：D题目分数：1.5此题得分：0.06．第6题What was the main difference between serfs and slaves in Western Europe?A.the amount of personal libertyB.the hereditary personal statusC.the military protection provided by the lordD.the obligation to work on the land您的答案：C题目分数：1.5此题得分：1.57．第7题Which of the following reform measures resulted in the moral decline of the Romans? A.limiting the amount of land owned by individual citizensB.selling grain at a low price to citizensC.distributing public land to landlesscitizensD.cutting down land taxes or rent您的答案：B题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.08．第8题The poetic creation of _____ glorifies Rome’s conquests and achievements.A.Virgil (70-19B.C.)B.Horace (65-8 B.C.)C.Ovid (43 B.C.-17 A.D.)D.Juvenal (55-130 A.D.)您的答案：A题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.09．第9题Beginning in the 4th century, army units of German were__.A.suppressed by the RomansB.eliminated by the RomansC.welcomed into the Roman Empire to defend the RomansD.driven by the Romans to settle in depopulated areas.您的答案：C题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.010．第10题The Roman Empire reached it largestterritorial extent during the reign of _____.A.Julius Caesar (46-44B.C.)B.Octavian (27 B.C.-14 A.D.)C.Trajan (98-117 A.D.)D.Constantine the Great (306-337 A.D.)您的答案：C题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.011．第11题Starting from the reign of which Roman emperor such jobs as bakery and military service became hereditary?A.OctavianB.DiocletianC.ConstantineD.Theodosius您的答案：A题目分数：1.0此题得分：0.012．第12题Who is usually regarded as the “father of history”?A.HerodotusB.ThucydidesC.XenophonD.Polybius您的答案：A题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.013．第13题Which is not one of the things that the Viscontis, the Sforzas and the Medicis had in common?A.They were wealthy and powerful families in Italy.B.They were rulers of Milan during the Renaissance.C.They ordered the construction of great architectures.D.They were generous patrons of artists and intellectuals.您的答案：B题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.014．第14题Which one is not a period of ItalianRenaissance Art?A.Early RenaissanceB.Middle RenaissanceC.High Renaissancete Renaissance您的答案：B题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.015．第15题Who did not belong to the Florentine School of the Early Renaissance art?A.BrunelleschiB.DonatelloC.MasaccioD.Raphael您的答案：D题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.016．第16题All the following statements about the Scholasticism are true, EXCEPTA.Some scholars tried in vain to forbid the study and teaching of Aristotle’s thoughtB.Some argued that reason alone could lead to truthC.Some argued that ultimate truth could not be discovered by reason, but was revealed to human by God in His mystical waysD.The most fruitful achievement was the attempt to harmonize faith and reason by the leading scholar St. Augustine您的答案：D题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.017．第17题Which of the following was NOT true about the early Christians?A.They defied the Roman political authoritiesB.They accepted the idea that emperors weredivine.C.They banned paganismD.They suffered religious persecution您的答案：B题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.018．第18题For some Muslims, Qur’an should not be translated because_____.A.it is impious to translate the very words of Allah.B.it is too difficult to translate the rhymed prose of Qur’an.C.the original meaning of Qur’an would be distorted.D.the beauty of Arabic language would be violated.您的答案：C题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.019．第19题Which one is not the factor that led to the disintegration of the Carolingian Empire after Charlemagne’s death?A.the regional and ethnic diversityB.the conflicts between different successors to the throneC.the destructive attacks of non-Christian invadersD.the emergence of feudalism您的答案：D题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.020．第20题Which one of the following statements about the Black Death is NOT true?A.It is estimated to have killed 30% – 60% of Europe’s population.B.The death rate in some larger cities inItaly may have been as high as 60 percent.C.In northern France, villages suffered mortality rates of 30 percent, and cities experienced losses as high as 40 percent.D.Death caused by the Black Death worsened the situation of surviving peasants and laborers.您的答案：D题目分数：0.5此题得分：0.521．第21题Which one of the following statements about the English Parliament in 1259 is NOT true?A.it included two knights from every countyB.it included two burgesses from every townC.it included the king’s Great Council (barons, bishops, judges, advisors)D.it was a major check on royal authority您的答案：D题目分数：0.5此题得分：0.522．第22题All the following statements featured the Capetian kings of France, EXCEPTA.The Capetian kings established strong royal power by conquest, as William had done in EnglandB.They kept the support of the popes by defending the Christian faith and by going on crusades.C.They carefully defined the powers of their officials and closely supervised them, while using church officials as administratorsD.They developed Paris as both a trading center and a royal capital您的答案：A题目分数：0.5此题得分：0.523．第23题Christianity originated from__.A.TurkeyB.PalestineC.North AfricaD.the Western Europe您的答案：B题目分数：0.5此题得分：0.524．第24题Which one is not the main characteristic of Shakespeare as a Renaissance man?A.His interest in classical cultureB.His belief in humanismC.His support of individualismD.His consciousness of national identity您的答案：D题目分数：0.5此题得分：0.525．第25题In terms of science, what was the significant shift in thinking during the Renaissance Age?A.the inclusion of science in the educational programB.the emphasis on how things happened in natureC.the development of new scientific methodsD.the acceptance of heliocentric theory您的答案：B题目分数：0.5此题得分：0.526．第26题What is the limit of term for the members of the Senate of the Roman Republic?A.2 yearsB.4 yearsC.5 yearsD.life您的答案：D题目分数：0.5此题得分：0.527．第27题Which of the following statements about Byzantine classicism is true?A.The Byzantines revered ancient Greek literature, philosophy and historiography.B.The Byzantines emphasized Greek scientific and mathematical tradition.C.The Byzantines were not only imitative, but also creative in their study of Greek tradition.D.The Byzantine authors thought they could eventually surpass ancient Greek authors.您的答案：A题目分数：0.5此题得分：0.528．第28题It was during the ____ that the Romans were defeated by the famous Carthaginian general Hannibal.A.the 1st Punic WarB.the 2nd Punic WarC.the 3rd Punic WarD.the 4th Punic War您的答案：B题目分数：0.5此题得分：0.529．第29题Olive trees and grapevine were introduced into Italy by ______.A.EtruscansB.GreekstinsD.Egyptians您的答案：B题目分数：0.5此题得分：0.530．第30题Britain was turned into a Roman province in________.A.the 1st centuryB.C.B.the 1st centuryC.the 2nd centuryD.the 3rd century.您的答案：B题目分数：0.5此题得分：0.531．第31题All of the following Roman officers were produced by election EXCEPT ____.A.consulB.dictatorC.tribuneD.magistrate您的答案：B题目分数：0.5此题得分：0.532．第32题Which one of the following architectural constructions was not typical Roman?A.domeB.vaultC.archD.column您的答案：D题目分数：0.5此题得分：0.533．第33题Which of the following group of people did not constitute a class in Sparta?A.the native SpartansB.foreignersC.slavesD.nobles您的答案：D题目分数：0.5此题得分：0.534．第34题Magna Carta in 1215 in England was significant in that it __.A.really weakened the power of the churchB.spoke for the common peopleC.really weakened the power of the kingD.spoke for the nobles您的答案：C题目分数：0.5此题得分：0.535．第35题What is the Central Middle Ages also called?A.“Age of Art”B.“Age of History”C.“Age of Faith”D.“ Age of Science”您的答案：C题目分数：0.5此题得分：0.536．第36题What were the three forms of vernacular literature for town dwellers?A.epic poetry, romance poetry and dramasB.fabliaux, fables and romance poetryC.lyric poetry, epic poetry and romance poetryD.fabliaux, fables and dramas您的答案：D题目分数：0.5此题得分：0.537．第37题Major changes in Roman religious life were mainly a result of _____.A.foreign cultural invasionB.trade and commerceC.territorial expansion of RomeD.interest in spiritual matters您的答案：C题目分数：1.5此题得分：1.538．第38题For those who want to convert to Islam, which of the following pillars of Islam is of the utmost importance?A.reciting the Muslim statement of faith with convictionB.performing ritual prayers five times a dayC.giving money or gifts to the poor and the needyD.observing a month-long fast every year and making a pilgrimage to Mecca您的答案：A题目分数：1.5此题得分：1.539．第39题What one is a correct description of the western European feudalism in the Early Middle Ages?A.Feudalism was a product of the Carolingian world and it operated on two levels.B.A feudal king’s actual power depended on the number of his vassals.C.A vassal holding a fief must not divide it into smaller fiefs.D.Financial service was the main reason for the feudal system to exist.您的答案：A题目分数：1.5此题得分：1.540．第40题Which of the following statements about The Hundred Years’ War is NOT true?A.The most famous weapons were the longbow and cannon used by the English.B.Firearms played a significant role in the battles.C.Horse-riding knights became more important army force than infantry.D.Europeans relied more and more on cannon for defensive wars.您的答案：C题目分数：1.5此题得分：1.541．第41题The Roman expansion had many consequences EXCEPT ______.A.Rome became the hegemony in the Mediterranean region.B.economic gains for all RomansC.social conflicts and slave uprisingsD.increased political power for military commanders您的答案：B题目分数：1.5此题得分：1.542．第42题Which one of the following groups of the people could vote in the Roman assemblies?A.Roman generals and adult male plebiansB.anyone whose parents were RomansC.adult Roman males and females.D.literate Greek slaves您的答案：A题目分数：1.5此题得分：1.543．第43题Which statement about the “civic humanism”is wrong?A.It was developed by some Florentine scholars during the fifteenth century.B.It believed that virtue could only be obtained by participating in public life.C.It encouraged people to pursue material pleasures and fulfill their desires.D.It was the same with the “Christian Humanism” of Northern Renaissance.您的答案：D题目分数：1.5此题得分：1.544．第44题All of the following political ideas can be accredited to the Romans EXCEPT ____.A.popular sovereigntyB.social contract theoryC.democracyD.separations of power您的答案：C题目分数：1.5此题得分：1.545．第45题Which of the following statements about art in the Central Middle Ages is NOT true?A.Architecture was the foremost art form.B.Schools were the primary focus of architectural endeavors.C.Architecture integrated all the visual arts in presentations of Christianity’s rich symbolic and spiritual values.D.Other arts were used to decorate churches with sculpture and painting, woodcarving and metalwork, and stained glass.您的答案：B题目分数：1.5此题得分：1.546．第46题The following descriptions of the Mycenaean culture are true EXCEPT for ____.A.The Mycenaeans were the first people known to have spoken Greek.B.The Mycenaeans regarded the Minoans as their potential enemies.C.The Mycenaean raid on Crete was recorded in Homer’s epics.D.The Mycenaean era is also called the “Age of Heroes”.您的答案：C题目分数：1.5此题得分：1.547．第47题In the Early Middle Ages, the Roman Church and the Eastern Church were divided over the following issues EXCEPT for ______.A.IconoclasmB.official languageC.explanation of the Holy SpiritD.baptism您的答案：D题目分数：1.5此题得分：1.548．第48题Which is not the similarity shared by Chaucer’s Canterbury Tales and Boccaccio’s Decameron?A.a collection of storiesB.satirical and humorous languageC.vivid characterizationD.religious themes您的答案：D题目分数：1.5此题得分：1.549．第49题Which description of the Age of Pericles is NOT true?A.It is the Golden Age of classical Greece.B.It was when Athens secured its status as the capital of Hellenic civilization.C.It witnessed great developments in democracy, economy, art and science.D.It was when the nobles became a major force in politics.您的答案：D题目分数：1.5此题得分：1.550．第50题Which one is NOT the factor that contributed to the success of the Byzantine Empire?A.prestige of the emperormitment to classicismC.flourishing tradeD.a well- trained army您的答案：B题目分数：1.5此题得分：1.551．第51题Which is not one of the three great achievements of Italian Renaissance art?A.the revival of classical textsB.the discovery of linear perspectiveC.the knowledge of anatomyD.the knowledge of the classical forms您的答案：A题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.052．第52题Who was not one of the three masters of the High Renaissance art?A.Leonardo da VinciB.RaphaelC.El GrecoD.Michelangelo您的答案：C题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.053．第53题What were the three forms of vernacular Literature for nobles?A.epic poetry, romance poetry and dramasB.fabliaux, fables and romance poetryC.lyric poetry, epic poetry and romance poetryD.fabliaux, fables and dramas您的答案：C题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.054．第54题In the year of ____, Constantine the Great issued Edit of Milan which officially made Christianity legal.A.311B.313C.324D.380您的答案：B题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.055．第55题Which form of literature was unpopular in the medieval Islamic world?A.poetryB.proseC.historyD.drama您的答案：D题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.056．第56题Which city was NOT a prominent trading centre during the Early Middle Ages?A.Constantinop leB.MeccaC.MedinaD.Baghdad您的答案：C题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.057．第57题The following statements about the English Peasants’ Revolt of 1381 are true EXCEPT______.A.It accomplished its objectives.B.It received help from members of the noble classesC.It succeeded in showing the nobles what peasants were capable of when dissatisfied.D.It marked the beginning of the end of serfdom in medieval England.您的答案：A题目分数：0.5此题得分：0.558．第58题Which of the following statements about villages in the Middle Ages is NOT true?A.Villages ranged in size from ten to several hundred peasant families, living in a cluster of cottages surrounded by their fields.B.Most villages had woodland which provided burning wood and building materials.C.Many villages had a stream or pond for water supply, fish and a water mill for grinding grain.D.Few villages had a few artisans and traders who combined farm work with other labor.您的答案：D题目分数：0.5此题得分：0.559．第59题Which of the following statements about the development of science in the Central Middle Ages is NOT true?A.Translation of Greek and Arabic scientific works gave new impetus to the study of science.B.Arabic numbers were introduced by Italian mathematician Leonardo de Pisa.C.Robert Grosseteste, Roger Bacon and others made Cambridge University the center of scientific studies during the thirteenth century.D.Bacon wrote three important books, Great Work, Small Work and Third Work.您的答案：C题目分数：0.5此题得分：0.560．第60题The second founding father of Christianity was _____.A.St. PeterB.St. PaulC.St. AthanasiusD.St. Augustine您的答案：B题目分数：0.5此题得分：0.561．第61题Who was regarded as the “father of oil painting”?A.MasaccioB.BotticelliC.Albrecht D黵erD.Jan van Eyck您的答案：D题目分数：0.5此题得分：0.562．第62题Who was not a believer in the heliocentric theory?A.Nicolas CopernicusB.Johannes KeplerC.GalileoD.Francis Bacon您的答案：D题目分数：0.5此题得分：0.563．第63题Which of the following descriptions of Constantinople is NOT true?A.It was the most important trading centre in Europe in the Early Middle Ages.B.It was the political and intellectual centre of the Middle Ages.C.It dazzled visitors with its grand buildings and great wealth.D.University of Constantinople did not have any Muslim students.您的答案：D题目分数：0.5此题得分：0.564．第64题Which description of the Islamic philosophy is true?A.Al-Farabi believed that philosophy and religion are not reconcilable.B.Al-Ghazali regarded Greek philosophy as corrupters of Islamic faith.C.Averro雜 believed that philosophical truth can not be tested.D.Averro雜 thought that philosophers can not truly comprehend theological truth.您的答案：B题目分数：0.5此题得分：0.565．第65题That Aeneid, the legendary founder of the city of Rome, was the prince of _____ suggests a certain link between the Roman civilization and ancient Near East.A.EtruriaB.GreeceC.TroyD.Phoenicia您的答案：C题目分数：0.5此题得分：0.566．第66题Which one of the following was NOT a member of the First Triumvirate?A.CrassusB.SullaC.PompeyD.Caesar您的答案：B题目分数：0.5此题得分：0.567．第67题Which one of the Roman Emperors resembles the “philosopher king” praised by Plato?A.Trajan (r. 98-117 A.D.)B.Hadrian (r. 117-138 A.D.)C.Antoninus Pius (r. 138-161 A.D.)D.Marcus Aurelius (r. 161-180 A.D.)您的答案：D题目分数：0.5此题得分：0.568．第68题In the early days of the Roman Republic,______ had the most important law making power.A.the Assembly of CenturyB.the Plebian CouncilC.the Assembly of CuriaeD.the Tribal Assembly您的答案：D题目分数：0.5此题得分：0.069．第69题Whose power was gradually reduced in the process of Athenian political reforms?A.People’s AssemblyB.People’s CourtC.Council of citizensD.Council of nobles您的答案：D题目分数：0.5此题得分：0.570．第70题In the first Greco-Persian War, Greek army defeated the Persian forces and won a smashing victory in the battle of ____.A.ThermopylaeB.MarathonC.SalamisD.Plataea您的答案：B题目分数：0.5此题得分：0.571．第71题All the following statements about the medieval commune are true EXCEPT__.mune had its own local government, its own court, its own tax-collecting agencies and its own customs.B.Some communes gained their independence by paying lords to grant it to them, while others governed alongside their lord.C.No communes battled violently for rights of self-governance.munes in Italy gained the right not only to govern themselves but also to rule the farmland and villages around them.您的答案：C题目分数：0.5此题得分：0.572．第72题Which of the following statements about the third Crusade is NOT true?A.it had a strong start, but a weak endB.Frederick drowned on the wayC.Philip quarreled with Richard and went homeD.Richard stayed longer, and took Jerusalem.您的答案：D题目分数：0.5此题得分：0.573．第73题In Early Middle Ages, Western European civilization differed from the Byzantine and Islamic Empires in the following aspects EXCEPT for _____.A.the influence from the Germanic and Romancevernacular languages.B.the unstable political situation and a lack of central powerC.the influence of ancient Greco-Roman civilizations.D.the lower level of intellectual and literary accomplishment您的答案：C题目分数：1.5此题得分：1.574．第74题Which of the following descriptions of pre-Islamic Arabia is not true?A.Pre-Islamic Arabia was backward and underdeveloped.B.Pre-Islamic Arabs showed no interest in sea trade.C.Mecca was one of the most important trading centers.D.Pre-Islamic Arabs would pray to their tribal gods or goddesses.您的答案：B题目分数：1.5此题得分：1.575．第75题Which of the following statements is NOT true?A.The Hundred Years’ War harmed England more than France.B.The war stimulated the development of new weapons.C.The war speeded up the development of the English Parliament.D.The war promoted the growth of modern nationalism and awakened the national consciousness in the mind of their people.您的答案：A题目分数：1.5此题得分：1.576．第76题The government of the Roman Republic included all of the following branches EXCEPT ______.A.the executive branchB.the deliberative branchC.the legislative branchD.the judicial branch您的答案：D题目分数：1.5此题得分：1.577．第77题Roman religion was _____.A.borrowed entirely from the GreeksB.not purely RomanC.invented by RomansD.borrowed from the Egyptians您的答案：B题目分数：1.5此题得分：1.578．第78题Which factor directly resulted in the first great split in Christianity in 1054?A.The rulers of most European peoples adopted Christianity for themselves and their subjectsB.The invasions from Vikings and Magyars not only destroyed many churches and monasteries but also greatly damaged the church institutionsC.There were few schools to train clergy, and many church officers were shallow and incompetentD.Pope Leo IX asserted the supreme authority of the papacy and clashed with the Patriarch of Constantinople Michael Cerularius您的答案：D题目分数：1.5此题得分：1.579．第79题Concerning the economy of the Byzantine Empire, Islamic Empire and western Europeduring the Middle Ages, which statement is NOT true?A.Byzantine had the most powerful economy in the world before the 7th century.B.Islamic economy in the 7th century was already very prosperous.C.Islamic Empire had the world’s leading economy during the mid-8th and mid-13th century.D.Western Europe overtook Byzantine in economy in the late Middle Ages.您的答案：B题目分数：1.5此题得分：1.580．第80题All the following made up the basic social structure of medieval rural communities EXCEPT___.A.The villageB.The manorC.The parish churchD.The guild您的答案：D题目分数：1.5此题得分：1.581．第81题Which one of the following statements about the condition of the Jews during the Roman time was NOT true?A.In 64B.C. Pompey conquered Judea and turned it into a Roman province.B.The Jews had to pay heavy tax, but they enjoyed limited self-rule.C.Faced with Roman persecution, the Jews had to worship the Roman emperors as gods.D.The Jewish people hoped for salvation led by a prophet.您的答案：C题目分数：1.5此题得分：1.582．第82题In the Early Middle Ages, the Roman Church and the Eastern Church were divided over the following issues EXCEPT for ______.A.IconoclasmB.official languageC.explanation of the Holy SpiritD.baptism您的答案：D题目分数：1.5此题得分：1.583．第83题Which description of Greek democracy of the Archaic Period is not true?A.It began as an expanded version of oligarchy.B.It is the same with modern democracy.C.It ensured an easier coexistence between different classes.D.Solon’s reforms laid the foundation for the Athenian democracy.您的答案：B题目分数：1.5此题得分：1.584．第84题Compared with Italian Renaissance, Northern Renaissance had the following distinctive features except for ______.A.strong national flavorB.great religious concernC.influence of classicismD.belief in Christian humanism您的答案：C题目分数：1.5此题得分：1.585．第85题The following descriptions of the second Greco-Persian War are true EXCEPT for _____.A.The Persian army was led by Xerxes I, who was Darius son.B.All Greek city-states united to counter the Persian invasion.C.The Greek army was greatly outnumbered by the Persian army.D.The Greek army won a decisive victory in the straits between Athens and Salamis.您的答案：B题目分数：1.5此题得分：1.586．第86题Which one of the following statements was NOT a factor that brought about the agricultural growth during the Central Middle Ages?A.The climate improved and the temperature was higher.B.More lands were under cultivated.C.Farming technology improved greatly.D.The food price dropped drastically.您的答案：D题目分数：1.5此题得分：1.587．第87题Which description of the Hellenistic civilization is incorrect?A.It was a cosmopolitan and open culture.B.It was a mixture of Greek and Oriental cultures.C.It helped to popularize Greek thinking and life styles.D.Its commercial, cultural and intellectual centre was Athens.您的答案：D题目分数：1.5此题得分：1.588．第88题Epicureanism and Stoicism are similar in the following ways except for____.A.Both were concerned with the good of the individual.B.Both were idealistic in world view.C.Both believed that reason is the key to solution of social problems.D.Both thought highly of the peace of mind.您的答案：B题目分数：1.5此题得分：1.589．第89题Three of the following statements are true with the early experience of Christianity. Which one is the exception?A.Unlike the Jews, the early Christians of the Roman Empire suffered persecution.B.Christianity was not the official religion of the Roman Empire until the 4th century.C.Christianity spread in the cities of the empire, first in the east and later in the west.D.It was Constantine’s toleration for all religions that brought new life to Christianity.您的答案：A题目分数：1.5此题得分：1.590．第90题The prose writing of _____ had the greatest influence on Latin literature in the Middle Ages.A.Livy (59B.C.-18 A.D.)B.Cicero (106-43 B.C.).C.Ovid (43 B.C.-17 A.D.)D.Juvenal (55-130 A.D.)您的答案：B题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.091．第91题Which of the following is NOT true aboutEmperor Constantine the Great?A.He concentrated power in his own hands.B.He made Christianity the state religion.C.He abandoned Rome as the imperial capital.D.He tolerated all religions in the Roman Empire.您的答案：B题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.092．第92题The economic success of the early Roman Empire was mainly achieved by _____.A.small farmersB.slavesC.serfsD.Roman legions您的答案：B题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.093．第93题The gladiator show indicated Romans’ love for _____.A.adventureB.funC.violenceD.entertainment您的答案：C题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.094．第94题Which Hellenistic kingdom ruled Egypt and parts of the Middle East?A.Ptolemaic KingdomB.Antigonid KingdomC.Seleucid KingdomD.Pergamum Kingdom您的答案：C题目分数：1.0此题得分：0.0。
欧洲文化常识测试英语题型
《欧洲文化入门》复习题（一）Division One: Greek Culture and Roman Culture Greek Culture I.填空these elements of these elements are two of to be be considered to are considered elements, two culture is many elements, 1.European is made European culture of many up of made up more enduring and they are the Greco-Roman element and the Judeo-Christian element. th century. 2.Greek culture reached a high point of development in the 5th century B. C., all Greece was brought under the rule of Alexander, 3.In the second half of the 4king of Macedon. 4.In 146 B. C. the Romans conquered Greece. th century. 5.Greek culture reached a high point of development in the 5become the world’s foremost amateur sports sports have become foremost amateur the world’s Revived in 6.Revived in 18961896, , the Olympic Games the Olympic Games have competition. 7.Ancient Greeks considered Homer to be the author of their epics. southern mainland the southern mainland of Greece, led of the led by of Greece, by with the deals with 8.The Iliad deals the alliance alliance of the states of the states of Agamemnon in their war against the city of Troy. war to Trojan war the Trojan to his his home, island of home, island of after the deals with 9.The Odyssey deals with the the return of Odysseus return of Odysseus after Ithaca. 10.Of the many lyric poets of ancient Greece, two are still admired by readers today: Sappho and Pindar. 11.Sappho was considered the most important lyric poet of ancient Greece. 12.Pindar is best known for his odes celebrating the victories at the athletic games, such as the 14 Olympic odes. 13.The three great tragic dramatists of ancient Greece are Aeschylus, Sophocles, and Euripides. Prometheus Bound, Persians and Agamemnon. 14.Aeschylus wrote such plays as Antigone. Oedipus the King, , Electra, and A ntigone15.Sophocles wrote such tragic plays as such plays plays as and Trojan in such as Andromache, Medea, , and mainly about 16.Euripides Euripides wrote wrote mainly women in about women W omen. th century B. C.. Its best writer was Aristophanes, who has edy also flourished in the 5left eleven plays, including Frogs, Clouds, Wasps and Birds. tween Greeks and 18.Herodotus is often called ―Father of Historyǁ. He wrote about the wars bePersians. 19.Thucydides described the war between Athens and Sparta and between Athens and Syracuse, a Greek state on the Island of Sicily. 20.Pythagoras was a bold thinker who had the idea that all things were numbers. 21.Pythagoras was the founder of scientific mathematics. 22.Heracleitue believed fire to the primary element of the universe, out of which everything else had arisen. 23.The greatest names in European philosophy are Socrates, Plato and Aristotle. 24.Democritus was one of the earliest philosophical materialists and speculated about the atomic structure of matter. 25.In the 4th century B. C., four schools of philosophers often argued with each other, they are the Cynics, the Sceptics, the Epicureans, and the Stoics. Elements, a textbook of geometry. 26.Euclid is well-known for his 27.To illustrate the principle of the level, Archimedes is said to have told the king: ―Give me a place to stand, and I will move the world.ǁ28.Greek architecture can be grouped into three styles: the Doric style which is also called the masculine style; the Ionic style which is also called the feminine style; and a later style that is called the Corinthian style. 29.The Acropolis at Athens and the Parthenon are the finest monument of Greek architecture and sculpture in more than 2000 years. 30.In the 2020th century, In the Irishman James James Joyce’s modernist Joyce’s modernist the Irishman are Homeric century, there there are Homeric parallels parallels in in the masterpiece Ulysses. II.选择th century B. C.? 1.Which culture reached a high point of development in the 5A.Greek Culture B.Roman Culture C.Egyptian Culture D.Chinese Culture 2.In ___________ the Roman conquered Greece. A.1200 B. C. B.700 B. C. C.146 B. C. D.The 5th century 3.Which of the following works described the war led by Agamemnon against the city of Troy? A.Oedipus the King B.Iliad C.Odyssey D.Antigone 4.Which of the following is NOT the plays written by Aeschylus? A.Antigone B.Agamemnon C.Persians D.Prometheus Bound 5.Which of the following is NOT the plays written by Sophocles? A.Electra B.Antigone C.Trojan Woman D.Oedipus the King 6.Which of the following is the play written by Euripides? A.Antigone B.PersiansC.ElectraD.Medea7.Which of the following is NOT the greatest tragic dramatist of ancient Greece? A.Aristophanes B.Euripides C.Sophocles D.Aeschylus 8.Who ever said that ―You can not step twice into the same riverǁ?A.Pythagoras B.Heracleitus C.Aristotle 9.Who was the founder of scientific mathematics? A.Heracleitus B.Aristotle C.Socrates D.Pythagoras the measure of all thingsǁ?10.Who is chiefly noted for his doctrine that ―man isA.Protagoras B.Pythagoras C.Pyrrhon D.Epicurus III.名词解释1.Aeschylus 2.Plato 3.The Cynics IV.简答与问答1.What are the major elements in European culture? 2.What were the main features of ancient Greek society? 3.Who were the outstanding dramatists of ancient Greece? What important plays did each of them write? lato’s ideas. Why do people call him an idealist?4.Tell some of P l ato’s ideas. Why do people call him an idealist?5.Give some examples to show the enormous influence of Greek culture on English literature. Roman Culture I. 填空conquest of C. marked marked Roman of Greece, Greece, which then was then which was Roman conquest burning of The burning 1.The of Corinth Corinth in 146 B. in 146 B. C. reduced to a province of the Roman Empire. 2.The Roman writer Horace said: ―Captive Greece took her rude conqueror captiveǁ.3.In 27 B. C. Octavius took supreme power as emperor with the title of Augustus. lasting two peace lasting two hundred years, a a remarkable remarkable of peace hundred years, 4.The period of The Romans Romans enjoyed long period enjoyed a a long phenomenon in history known as the Pax Romana. the 44th century, 5.In In the from Rome Rome to to Byzantium, Byzantium, capital from emperor Constantine the capital the emperor century, the Constantine moved moved the renamed it Constantinople ( modern Istanbul ). 6.In 476 the last emperor of the west was deposed by the Coths and marked the end of the West Roman Empire. 7.The East Roman Empire collapsed when Constantinople fell to the Turks in 1453. 8.Julius Caesar recorded what he did and saw in the various military campaigns he took part in and these writings, collected in his Commentaries, are models of succinct Latin. Aeneid. 9.Virgil was the greatest of Latin poets and wrote the great epic, the 10.The Pantheon is the greatest and the best preserved Roman temple, which was built in 27 B. C. And reconstructed in the 2th century A. D.. 11.She-wolf is the statue which illustrates the legend of creation of Roman. II.选择1.Who wrote, ―I came, I saw, I conqueredǁ?A.Horace B.Julius Caesar C.Virgil D.Marcus Tullius Cicero On the Nature of things is ___________. 2.The author of the philosophical poem A.Virgil B.Julius Caesar C.Horace D.Lucretius 3.Which of the following is not Roman architecture? A.The Colosseum B.The Panthenon C.The Parthenon D.Pont du Gard 4.Who wrote, ―Captive Greece took her rude conqueror captiveǁ?A.Sappho B.Plato C.Virgil D.Horace III.名词解释1.Julius Caesar 2.The Pax Romana IV.简答与问答the Greeks? And what what was with the Greeks? And common with the chief difference was the chief What did have in common did the 1.What Romans have in the Romans between them? 2.What is the book for which Virgil has been famous throughout the centuries? In what way is the book linked with the Greek past? 3.Why do we say Aeneas is a truly tragic hero? Division Two: The Bible and Christianity The Old Testament Ⅰ填空题is by worship, Christianity by far Christianity is to worship, most the most far the all the the religions Among all 1.Among seek to religions by people seek which people by which influential in the West. 2. Both Judaism and Christianity originated in Palestine the hub of migration and trade routes, which led to exchange of ideas over wide areas. 3. Some 3800 years ago the ancestors of the Jews – the Hebrews – wandered through the deserts of the Middle East. 4. About 1300 B.C., the Hebrews came to settle in Palestine, known as Canaan at that time, and formed small kingdoms. 5. The king of the Hebrews was handed down orally from one generation to another in the form of folktales and stories, which were recorded later in the Old Testament . . 6. The Bible is a collection of religious writings comprising two parts: the Old Testament and the and the New Testament. 7. The old Testament consists of 39 books, the oldest and most important of which are first five books, called Pentateuch. 8. When the Hebrews left the desert and entered the mountainous Sinai, Moses climbed to the top top of of the the mountain mountain to to receive receive from from God God message, message, which which came came to to be be known known as as the the Ten Ten Commandments. 9. Chronologically Amos is the earliest prophet in the Old Testament. 10. In Babylon in the 6th century B.C., the Hebrews, now known as Jews, formed synagogues to practise their religion. II 选择题1. Which of the following is by far the most influential in the West?_______ A. Buddism B. Islamism C. Christianity D. Judaism 2. The Old Testament consists of 39 books, the oldest and most important of which are the first five books, called __________. A. Exodus B. Commandments C. Amos D. Pentaeuch3. Which of the following is NOT the content of the Ten Commandments?_______ A. Honour your father and your mother B. Do not commit suicide C. Do not desire your neighbour’s wifeD. Do not take the name of God in vain 4. When in Babylon the Hebrews formed synagogues to practise their religion? ______ A. in 169 B.C. B. in the 4th century C. in 76 B.C. D. in the 6th centuryⅢ 名词解释1. the Bible 2. the Pentateuch 3. Ten Commandments Ⅳ 简答与问答1. What was the Hebrews major contribution to world civilization? 2. Why do we say Judaism and Christianity are closely related? 3. What are the Ten Commandments about? Rise of Christianity Ⅰ填空题1.At the age of 30, Jesus received the baptism at the hands of John Baptist. 2.Jesus spent most of his life in Galilee, where he apparently made a sensation. 3.Jesus of Nazareth lived in Palestine during the reign of the first Roman Emperor Augustus. 4.Jesus went with his disciples to Jerusalem for the Passover, but was betrayed by Juda. 5.In 313 the Edict of Milan was issued by Constantine I and granted religious freedom to all and made Christianity legal. 6.In 392 A.D, Emperor Theodosius made Christianity the official religions of the empire and outlawed all other religions. of Jesus disciples of the disciples Jesus to to spread in the gospel in spread gospel led the the Jesus died, After Jesus 7.After died, St. St. Peter St. Paul and St. Peter and Paul led Mediterranean regions. Ⅱ选择题1.After the _______ century Nestorianism reached China. A. sixth B. fifth C. second D. third the official religion of official religion empire and and the empire of the emperors made Which of 2.Which of the the following made Christianity following emperors Christianity the outlawed all other religions? __________ A. Theodosius B. Augustus C. Constantine I D. Nero Caesar 3.Which of the following emperors issued the Edict of Milan and made Christianity legal in 313? __________ A. Augustus B. Thedosius C. Nero D. Constantine I4.At the age of 30, Jesus Christ received the baptism at the hands of _________. A. St. Peter B. St. Paul C. John Baptist D. John Wycliff Ⅲ名词解释1.The Edict of Milan Ⅳ简答与问答1.How did the relations between Christians and the Roman government change? The New Testament Ⅰ填空题1.By 300 A.D. each local church was called a parish and had a full time leader known as priest. accepted as as part accounts were of the New the New four accounts part of were accepted the end Towards the century four end of 2.Towards fourth century he fourth of he Testament, which tells the beginning of Christianity. before they they came Joseph, before she was was together, she came together, to Joseph, as Jesus’ When as 3.When Jesus’ mother mother Mary was espoused Mary was espoused to found with child of the Holy Ghost the Passover, but was Passover, but was betrayed betrayed by Juda and by Juda and disciples to for the Jesus went 4.Jesus with his went with Jerusalem for to Jerusalem his disciples caught at the Last Supper. Translations of the Bible Ⅰ填空题1.Except a few passages in the related Armaic dialect the Old Testament was originally written in Hebrew. And the New Testament was originally written in a popular form of Greek. is known Testament is known as the Septuagint, as Old Testament as the Septuagint, as oldest extant 2.The The oldest the Old extant Greek of the translation of Greek translation according the fictional letter of Aristeas, it was translated by 72 translators in 72 days. Vulgate edition, which was 3.The most ancient extant Latin version of the whole Bible is the nguage. done in 384 –405 A.D. by St. Jerome in common people’s la4.The first English version of whole Bible was translated from the Latin Vulgate in 1382 and was copied out by hand by the early group of reformers led by John Wycliff. is the the ――AuthorizedBible is English Bible King James’ or King Authorizedǁ ǁ or James’ The most 5.The of English most important important and influential of and influential version, first published in 1611. Ⅱ选择题1.By 1693, the whole of the Bible had been translated in _________languages. A. 228 B. 974 C. 1202 D. 154 2.The oldest extant Greek translation of the Old Testament is known as ________. A. the Latin Vulgate B. the Aristeas C. the ―Authorizedǁ D. the SeptuagintBible was was the _______ Bible complete work work first complete the first the _______ 1500’s, the When printing 3.When was invented printing was invented in the 1500’s, in the printed. A. English B. Latin C. Aramaic D. Hebrew 4.When did the standard American edition of the Revised Version appear? _______ A. 1885 B. 1611 C. 1901 D. 1979 Division Three: The Middle Ages Manor and Church Ⅰ填空题1.In European history, the thousand year period following the fall of the West Roman Empire in the fifth century is called the Middle Ages. Europe was scene of was the and wars and frequent wars of frequent the scene the fifth Between the 2.Between fifth and and eleventh centuries, West eleventh centuries, West Europe invasions. 3.The Middle Age is a period in which classical, Hebrew and Gothic heritage merged. system of holding ––a a system of holding land in of land in holding land land holding in Europe Feudalism in 4.Feudalism Europe was was mainly system of mainly a a system exchange for military service. 5.In 732 Charles Martel, a Frankish ruler gave his soldiers estates known as fiefs as a reward for their service. 6.The center of medieval life under feudalism was the manor. By the the 1212th century 7.By castle, which which were made of and stone and of stone were made manor houses century manor called castle, houses came came to be called to be designed as fortress. 8.As a knight, he was pledged to protect the weak, to fight for the church, to be loyal to his lord and to respect women of noble birth. These rules were known as code of chivalry, from which the western idea of good manners developed. for war by fighting war by each other other in batters mock batters in mock fighting each the medieval In the trained for medieval days 9.In days a a knight knight was was trained called tournaments. Church and Roman Catholic Catholic Church the Eastern the Roman Eastern and the the Church After 1054, 10.After 1054, the Church was divided into was divided into the Orthodox Church. 11. The most important of all the leaders of Christian thought was Augustine of Hippo who lived in North Africa in the fifth century. 12. Under Under feudalism, feudalism, people people of of western western Europe Europe were were mainly mainly divided divided into into three three classes: classes: clergy, clergy, lords and peasants. 13. The The Pope Pope not not only only ruled ruled Roman Roman and and parts parts of of Italy Italy as as a a king, king, he he was was also also the the head head of of all all Christian churches in western Europe. 14. In In the the Medieval Medieval times times the the Church Church set set up up a a church church court court –– the the Inquisition Inquisition to to stamp stamp out out so-called heresy. 15. One of the most important sacraments was Holy Communion, which was to remind people that Christ had died to redeem man. 16. To To express express their their religious religious feelings, feelings, many many people people in in the the Middle Middle Ages Ages went went on on journeys journeys to to sacred sacred places places where where early early Christian Christian leaders leaders had had lived. lived. The The most most important important of of all all was was Jerusalem. 17. With With a a return return attack against attack against the the Moslems, Moslems, the the Western Christians Western Christians launched launched a a series series of of holy holy wars called the Crusades. Ⅱ 选择题 1. In In the the later later part part of of the the 44th century, century, which which of of the the following following tribes tribes swept swept into into Europe Europe from from central central Asia, Asia, robbing robbing and and killing killing a a large large numbers numbers of of the the half half civilized civilized Germanic Germanic tribes? tribes? ________ A. the Mongolians B. the HunsC. the Turkish D. the Syrians 2. The Middle Ages is also called the _________. A. ―Age of Christianityǁ B. ―Age of LiteratureǁC. ―Age of Holy Spiritǁ D. ―Age of Faithǁ3. According to the code of chivalry, which of the following is not pledged to do for a knight? _______ A. To be loyal to his lord B. To fight for the church C. To obey without question the orders of the abbot D. To respect women of noble birth 4. In 732, who gave his soldiers estates known as fiefs as a reward for their service? _________ A. Charles Martel, a Frankish ruler B. Charles I, a Turkish ruler C. Constantine I, a Frankish ruler D. St. Benedict, a Italian ruler 5. When When was was the the Church Church divided divided into into the the Roman Roman Catholic Catholic Church Church and and Eastern Eastern Orthodox Orthodox Church?_________ A. after 1066 B. after 1296 C. after 1054D. after 476 6. Which of the following about the knight or noble in the Middle Ages in Western Europe is NOT true?____________ A. Almost all nobles were knights in the Medieval days. B. A noble began his education as a page at the age of seven. C. As a knight, he was pledged to fight for the church. D. At about fourteen, the page became a knight. 7. When was a noble crowned as a knight in the Middle Ages in Western Europe? _______ A. At the age of 14. and ran errands good manners and ran errands for the B.When he was learned good manners for the was taught taught to prayers, learned to say say his his prayers, ladies. C.At a special ceremony known as dubbing. D.When he was pledged to fight for the church. what the monks must the monks must do do before entering the before entering the is NOT of the Which of 8.Which the following following is true about NOT true about what monastery according to the Benedictine Rule? A.They had to attend service 6 times during the day and once at midnight. B.They could promise to give up all their possession before entering the monastery. C.They were expected to work 5 hours a day in the fields surrounding the monastery. D.They had to obey without question the orders of the abbot. 9.Under feudalism, what were the three classes of people of western Europe?________ A. clergy, knights and serfs B. Pope, bishop and peasants C. clergy, lords and peasants D. knights, nobles and serfs 10.By which year the Moslems had taken over the last Christian stronghold and won the crusades and ruled all the territory in Palestine that the crusaders had fought to control? ________ A. 1270 B. 1254 C. 1096 D. 1291Ⅲ名词解释1.the Middle Ages 2.Manor 3.Code of Chivalry 4.Benedictine Rule 5.the Crusades Ⅳ简答与问答1.Who was Charles Martel? 2.What was the difference between a serf and a free man? 3.Into what three groups were people divided under feudalism? 4.What happened in Western Europe after the decline of the Roman Empire? Learning and Science, Literature, Art and Architecture Ⅰ填空题1.Charlemagne, who temporarily restored order in western and central Europe, was perhaps the most important figure of the medieval period. Emperor of the Romansǁ by the Pope in 800.2.Charlemagne w as crowed ―E mperor of the Romans3.The Summa Theologica by St. Thomas Aquinas forms an enormous system and sums up all the knowledge of medieval theology. research and and called Scientific research careful for careful of Scientific called for Bacon was 4.Roger advocates of Roger Bacon was one of earliest advocates the earliest one of the observation and experimentation. vernacular languages – that is, the languages of 5.―National epicǁ refers to the epic written in various national states that came into being in the Middle Ages. 6.Beowulf is an Anglo-Sexon epic, in alliterative verse, originating from the collective efforts of oral literature. , is one of 7.Dante Alighieri was the greatest poet of Italy, his masterpiece, The Divine Comedy, is one of the landmarks of world literature. 8. Chaucer was a great English poet, The Canterbury Tales were his most popular work for their were his most popular work for their power of observation, piercing irony, sense of humor and warm humanity. 9. Chaucer writers in dialect used by Londoners, and by the sheer weight and popularity of his writings he sets it firmly on the way towards Modern English. 10. The style of architecture under Romanesque art is characterized by massiveness, solidity and monumentality with all overall blocky appearance. 11. The Gothic style started in France and quickly spread through all parts of western Europe. Ⅱ 选择题1. Which of the follo wing was crowned ―Emperor of the Romansǁ by the Pope in 800? ______ A. St. Thomas Aquinas B. CharlemagneC. Constantine D. King James 2. Who Who was was the the ruler ruler of of the the Anglo-Saxon Anglo-Saxon kingdom kingdom of of Wessex Wessex and and contributed contributed greatly greatly to to the the medieval European culture? _________ A. Charles I B. Constantine I C. Alfred the Great D. Charles the Great 3. Does Song of Roland belong to which country’s epic? _________A. English B. Germanic C. Hebrew D. French4. Who is the author of the Opus Maius ? ________ A. Roger Bacon B. Dante Alighieri C. Chaucer D. St. Thomas Aquinas Ⅲ 名词解释1. Carolingian Renaissance 2. Beowulf 3. Song of Roland 4. The Canterbury tales 5. Romanesque 6. Gothic Ⅳ 简答与问答1.What was the merit which Charlemagne and Alfred the Great share? Division IV: Renaissance and ReformationRenaissance in ItalyⅠ 填空题1. Generally speaking, Renaissance refers to the period between the 14th and mid 17th century. 2. Humanism is the essence of the Renaissance. 3. In essence, Renaissance was a historical period in which the European humanist thinkers and scholars made attempts to get rid of conservatism in feudalist Europe and introduce new ideas that that expressed expressed the the interests interests of of bourgeoisie, bourgeoisie, to to lift lift the the restrictions restrictions in in all all areas areas placed placed by by the the Roman Church authorities. 4. Renaissance Renaissance started started in in Florence Florence and and V enice V enice with with the the flowering flowering of of paintings, paintings, sculpture sculpture and and architecture. 5.Beginning from the 11th century, cities began to rise in central and north Italy. 6.Decameron is a collection of 100 tales told by 7 young ladies and 3 younger gentlemen on their way to escape the Black Death of 1348. Canzoniers, a book of lyrical songs written in his Italian dialect. 7.Petrach was best known for 8.The Renaissance artists introduced in their works scientific theories of anatomy and perspective. 9.The four representative artists of High Renaissance in Italy are Leonardo da Vinci, michelangelo, Raphael and Titian. Mona do da Vinci’s major works: Last Supper is the most famous of religious pictures; Loenardo da Vinci’s major works: 10.LoenarLisa probably is the world’s most famous portrait.from the himself from freed himself the old tradition of of he freed old tradition of art created a a style Michelangelo created style of 11.Michelangelo in which art in which he decoration on the one hand and documentary realism on the other. colour on oil colour on canvas canvas as established oil as the typical the typical have established 12.Titian’s painting is Titian’s painting to have acknowledged to is acknowledged medium of the pictorial tradition in western art. 13.In world trade, Italy had lost its supremacy because of the discovery of America in 1492 and the rounding of the Cape of Good Hope in 1488, the opening of an all-water route to India which provided a cheaper means of transport. 14.Petrach is looked up as the father of modern poetry. 15.Italy is regarded as the birthplace of the Renaissance. Ⅱ选择题1.Where did the Renaissance start with the flowering of paintings, sculpture and architecture? _______ A. in Greece and Rome B. in Florence and VeniceC. in Milan and Florence D. in Italy and Germany 2.When did the Renaissance reach its height with its center moving to Milan, then to Rome, and created High Renaissance? ___________ A. in the 11th century B. in the 15th century C. in the 16th century D. in the 17th century 3.Which of the following works is written by Boccaccio? _______ A. Decameron B. Canzoniers C. DavidD. Moses4.Who is the author of the painting, Betrayal of Judas? ________ A. Giotto B. Brunelleschi C. Donatello D. Giorgione 5.Which of the following High Renaissance artists is the father of the modern mode of painting? _______ A. Raphael B. Titian C. da Vinci D. Michelangelo known for best known for his Madona (Virgin (Virgin artists was his Madona was best Which of Renaissance artists of the 6.Which High Renaissance following High the following Mary)? A. Titian B. da Vinci C. Michelangelo D. Raphael7.Which of the following paintings was based on the story in the Bible with Maria riding on a donkey ready to face the hardship ahead? ________ A. Tempesta B. Sacred and Profane Love C. Flight into Egypt D. The Return of the Hunters。
2015秋华师网院在线作业_欧洲文化入门[试题]
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2015秋华师网院在线作业_欧洲文化入门[试题] 1(第1题What were the three forms of vernacular Literature for nobles?A.epic poetry, romance poetry and dramasB.fabliaux, fables and romance poetryC.lyric poetry, epic poetry and romance poetryD.fabliaux, fables and dramas您的答案:C题目分数:1.0此题得分:1.02(第2题Which one of the following statements about the condition of the Jewsduring the Roman time was NOT true?A.In 64B.C. Pompey conquered Judea and turned it into a Roman province. B.The Jews had to pay heavy tax, but they enjoyed limitedself-rule. C.Faced with Roman persecution, the Jews had to worship the Romanemperors as gods.D.The Jewish people hoped for salvation led by a prophet. 您的答案:C题目分数:1.0此题得分:1.03(第3题Which one is NOT the factor that contributed to the success of the Byzantine Empire?A.prestige of the emperormitment to classicismC.flourishing tradeD.a well- trained army您的答案:B题目分数:1.0此题得分:1.04(第4题Which factor did not facilitate the Islamic expansion? A.the well- organized Muslim ruling elite and a powerful Muslim army. B.people’s dissatisfaction with imperial rule in some Middle Eastareas.C.the tolerance of those cultures different from IslamD.the influence of the strict monotheism of Islam您的答案:D题目分数:1.0此题得分:1.05(第5题What was the main difference between serfs and slaves in Western Europe?A.the amount of personal libertyB.the hereditary personal statusC.the military protection provided by the lordD.the obligation to work on the land您的答案:C题目分数:1.0此题得分:1.06(第6题Which city was NOT a prominent trading centre during the Early MiddleAges?A.Constantinop leB.MeccaC.MedinaD.Baghdad您的答案:C题目分数:1.0此题得分:1.07(第7题Which of the following statements is NOT true?A.The Hundred Years’ War harmed Engla nd more than France.B.The war stimulated the development of new weapons.C.The war speeded up the development of the English Parliament.D.The war promoted the growth of modern nationalism and awakened thenational consciousness in the mind of their people. 您的答案:A题目分数:1.0此题得分:1.08(第8题Which one of the following statements about the medievaluniversitiesis NOT true?A.The first university appeared in Italy.B.Bologna University was governed by a corporation of students, apattern followed by other southern universities.C.University of Paris was dominated by a corporation of teachers, apattern followed by other northern universities.D.A migration of scholars from Cambridge led to the establishment ofthe University of Oxford in England. 您的答案:D题目分数:1.0此题得分:1.09(第9题All the following made up the basic social structure of medievalruralcommunities EXCEPT___.A.The villageB.The manorC.The parish churchD.The guild您的答案:D题目分数:1.0此题得分:1.010(第10题Christianity originated from__. A.TurkeyB.PalestineC.North AfricaD.the Western Europe您的答案:B题目分数:1.0此题得分:1.011(第11题The second founding father of Christianity was _____.A.St. PeterB.St. PaulC.St. AthanasiusD.St. Augustine您的答案:B题目分数:1.0此题得分:1.012(第12题Britain was turned into a Roman province in ________.A.the 1st centuryB.C.B.the 1st centuryC.the 2nd centuryD.the 3rd century.您的答案:B题目分数:1.0此题得分:1.013(第13题All of the following political ideas can be accredited to the Romans EXCEPT ____.A.popular sovereigntyB.social contract theoryC.democracyD.separations of power您的答案:C题目分数:1.0此题得分:1.014(第14题The following descriptions of the Mycenaean culture are true EXCEPT for ____.A.The Mycenaeans were the first people known to have spoken Greek.B.The Mycenaeans regarded the Minoans as their potential enemies.C.The Mycenaean raid on Crete was recorded in Homer’s epics.D.The Mycenaean era is also called the “Age of Heroes”. 您的答案:C题目分数:1.0此题得分:1.015(第15题Whose power was gradually reduced in the process of Athenian politicalreforms?A.People’s AssemblyB.People’s CourtC.Council of citizensD.Council of nobles您的答案:D题目分数:1.0此题得分:1.016(第16题In the first Greco-Persian War, Greek army defeated the Persian forces and won a smashing victory in the battle of ____.A.ThermopylaeB.MarathonC.SalamisD.Plataea您的答案:B题目分数:1.0此题得分:1.017(第17题Which description of the Age of Pericles is NOT true?A.It is the Golden Age of classical Greece.B.It was when Athens secured its status as the capital of Hellenic civilization.C.It witnessed great developments in democracy, economy, art and science.D.It was when the nobles became a major force in politics.您的答案:D题目分数:1.0此题得分:1.018(第18题Which one of the following statements was NOT a factor that brought about the agricultural growth during the Central Middle Ages?A.The climate improved and the temperature was higher.B.More lands were under cultivated.C.Farming technology improved greatly.D.The food price dropped drastically.您的答案:D题目分数:1.0此题得分:1.019(第19题Which of the following statements is NOT true?A.The pope was assisted by the papal curiaB.The curia was an extensive bureaucracy which contained specialized departmentsC.The curia was directed by the College of Cardinals whose members were selected by kingsD.Like kings, the popes issued laws, hired masters to collect revenues and judge cases, even declared wars您的答案:C题目分数:1.0此题得分:1.020(第20题What were the three forms of vernacular literature for town dwellers?A.epic poetry, romance poetry and dramasB.fabliaux, fables and romance poetryC.lyric poetry, epic poetry and romance poetryD.fabliaux, fables and dramas您的答案:D题目分数:1.0此题得分:1.021(第21题Three of the following statements are true with the early experience of Christianity. Which one is the exception?A.Unlike the Jews, the early Christians of the Roman Empire sufferedpersecution.B.Christianity was not the official religion of the Roman Empireuntilthe 4th century.C.Christianity spread in the cities of the empire, first in the east and later in the west.D.It was Constantine’s toleration for all religions that brought newlife to Christianity.您的答案:A题目分数:1.0此题得分:1.022(第22题Roman religion was _____.A.borrowed entirely from the GreeksB.not purely RomanC.invented by RomansD.borrowed from the Egyptians您的答案:B题目分数:1.0此题得分:1.023(第23题Which of the following is NOT true about Emperor Constantine the Great?A.He concentrated power in his own hands.B.He made Christianity the state religion.C.He abandoned Rome as the imperial capital.D.He tolerated all religions in the Roman Empire. 您的答案:B题目分数:1.0此题得分:1.024(第24题The gladiator show indicated Romans’ love for _____. A.adventureB.funC.violenceD.entertainment您的答案:C题目分数:1.0此题得分:1.025(第25题All of the following statements about slavery in Roman society are trueEXCEPT____.A.Wars provided the Romans with many new slaves.B.Slavery was a highly productive economic system.C.The offspring of slaves would automatically be slaves.D.Like in Sparta, slaves in Rome were public goods. 您的答案:D题目分数:1.0此题得分:1.026(第26题Which description of the traditional Greek religion is incorrect?A.Ancient Greeks believed that the gods have human forms and humanpersonality.B.For the Greeks, the gods only favored those people and states thathonored them.C.In ancient Greece, the main religious ceremony took place inside thetemple.D.Oracles also played an important part in the Greek religion andbeliefs.您的答案:C题目分数:1.0此题得分:1.027(第27题Which statement about the humanist education during the Renaissance is wrong?A.The goal of education was to produce independent, virtuous andcapable men who excelled in many different fields.B.The program of study relied heavily on classical training, but italso contained many other subjects.C.The Renaissance education enhanced the impact of the humanistideason the ruling class and the elite.D.The educational program of the humanists placed a high value onscience.您的答案:D题目分数:1.0此题得分:1.028(第28题Which description of Petrarch is wrong?A.He was known as the “father of humanism”.B.He was the first to coin the term “Dark Ages”.C.He valued his Italian writings more than his Latin writings.D.He was financed by Galeazzo II Visconti.您的答案:C题目分数:1.0此题得分:1.029(第29题Which is not one of the three great achievements of Italian Renaissanceart?A.the revival of classical textsB.the discovery of linear perspectiveC.the knowledge of anatomyD.the knowledge of the classical forms您的答案:A题目分数:1.0此题得分:1.030(第30题Which is the key feature of the Mannerism of the Late Renaissance art? A.the invention of new artistic techniquesB.the imitation of Greek and Roman stylesC.the representation of idealized human figuresD.the use of intense colors, strange themes and twisted figures. 您的答案:D题目分数:1.0此题得分:1.031(第31题Which of the following statements about the Crusades is NOT true? A.On the way to the Holy Land, a crusader wore the white cross on hisoutfitB.The Crusades increased the power of the Papacy and the wealth of theChurchC.The Crusades strengthened the power of national monarchies andundermined feudalismD.The Crusades set the first example of European expansionism 您的答案:A题目分数:1.0此题得分:1.032(第32题What were the three classes of people in the Central Middle Ages?A.Pope, peasants and noblesB.kings, lords and monksC.clergy, lords and peasantsD.warriors, peasants and priest您的答案:C题目分数:1.0此题得分:1.033(第33题Which categories of publication does Erasmus’s The Praise of Folly belong to?A.clever satires to expose people’s errorsB.serious moral books to offer people Christian guidanceC.scholarly editions of basic Christian textsD.collection of stories to amuse people您的答案:A题目分数:1.0此题得分:1.034(第34题Which one is not the main characteristic of Shakespeare as aRenaissance man?A.His interest in classical cultureB.His belief in humanismC.His support of individualismD.His consciousness of national identity 您的答案:D题目分数:1.0此题得分:1.035(第35题Who was regarded as the “father of oil painting”?A.MasaccioB.BotticelliC.Albrecht D黵erD.Jan van Eyck您的答案:D题目分数:1.0此题得分:1.036(第36题Who was not a believer in the heliocentric theory?A.Nicolas CopernicusB.Johannes KeplerC.GalileoD.Francis Bacon您的答案:D题目分数:1.0此题得分:1.037(第37题Of the following philosophical schools, which one had perhaps the greatest influence on Roman laws and government?A.EpicureanismB.StoicismC.CynicismD.Neo- Platonism您的答案:B题目分数:1.0此题得分:1.038(第38题All the following constitute the main forms of heresy, EXCEPTA.mysticismB.flagellanti smC.Lollards and HussitesD.worshipers您的答案:D题目分数:1.0此题得分:1.039(第39题During the Wat Tyler Rebellion, the rebels marched into London and executed the following important officials, EXCEPTA.Lord ChancellorB.Lord TreasurerC.magistrate of London, William TongeD.Archbishop of Canterbury您的答案:C题目分数:1.0此题得分:1.040(第40题Which of the following descriptions of Constantinople is NOT true?A.It was the most important trading centre in Europe in the Early MiddleAges.B.It was the political and intellectual centre of the Middle Ages.C.It dazzled visitors with its grand buildings and great wealth.D.University of Constantinople did not have any Muslim students. 您的答案:D题目分数:1.0此题得分:1.041(第41题For those who want to convert to Islam, which of the followingpillarsof Islam is of the utmost importance?A.reciting the Muslim statement of faith with convictionB.performing ritual prayers five times a dayC.giving money or gifts to the poor and the needyD.observing a month-long fast every year and making a pilgrimage toMecca您的答案:A题目分数:1.0此题得分:1.042(第42题Alcuin established ______ as the basis for education during the Carolingian renaissance. A.the Carolingian minuscule B.trivium and quadrivium C.medieval LatinD.biblical texts您的答案:B题目分数:1.0此题得分:1.043(第43题Olive trees and grapevine were introduced into Italy by ______.A.EtruscansB.GreekstinsD.Egyptians您的答案:B题目分数:1.0此题得分:1.044(第44题The first city- builders in Italy were ________.A.the GreeksB.the LatinsC.the EtruscansD.the Italians您的答案:C题目分数:1.0此题得分:1.045(第45题Of the following orders of columns, which one is more formal and dignified and mainly used in mainland Greece?A.DoricB.IonicC.Corinthianposite您的答案:A题目分数:1.0此题得分:1.046(第46题The Hundred Years’ War arose from the following causes, EXCEPT, A.The territorial disputes between England and France. B.The clash of economic interest in Flanders.C.Famine, plague, economic turmoil, social upheaval.D.The dispute over the French royal succession.您的答案:C题目分数:1.0此题得分:1.047(第47题Which of the following statements about Joan of Arc is NOT true?A.She was born in a well-to-do peasant family.B.She grew up with a strong religious belief.C.Charles refused her to accompany the army.D.She was burned at stake.您的答案:C题目分数:1.0此题得分:1.048(第48题Which of the following stat ements about The Hundred Years’ War is NOTtrue?A.The most famous weapons were the longbow and cannon used by the English.B.Firearms played a significant role in the battles.C.Horse-riding knights became more important army force than infantry.D.Europeans relied more and more on cannon for defensive wars. 您的答案:C 题目分数:1.0此题得分:1.049(第49题Which description of the Age of Renaissance is correct? A.The Renaissance happened right after the Late Middle Ages in time. B.The Renaissance reached a peak at the end of the sixteenth century. C.The Renaissance began as a literary movement.D.The Renaissance was opposed to humanism.您的答案:C题目分数:1.0此题得分:1.050(第50题The Roman expansion had many consequences EXCEPT ______. A.Rome became the hegemony in the Mediterranean region. B.economic gains forall RomansC.social conflicts and slave uprisingsD.increased political power for military commanders 您的答案:B题目分数:1.0此题得分:1.051(第51题Which one of the following statements about “Jacques rebellion” is NOT true?A.The peasants involved in the rebellion had a clear political programand organization.B.The rebellion took its name from a contemptuous nickname used by theFrench nobles for any peasant.C.Rebellious peasants burned down castles, murdered their lords, andraped their lords’ wives.D.Within a month the rebellion was suppressed by French nobles. 您的答案:A题目分数:1.0此题得分:1.052(第52题The Council of Constance markedA.the largest religious gathering of the Late Middle Ages.B.the end of the Western Schism.C.the success in dealing with the problems of heresy.D.the success in dealing with the problems of the church reform. 您的答案:B 题目分数:1.0此题得分:1.053(第53题During the Great Famine, starvation even drove some people to eat thefollowing living creatures, EXCEPTA.catsB.ratsC.snakesD.dogs您的答案:C题目分数:1.0此题得分:1.054(第54题Which of the following statements about Western Schism is NOT true?A.France recognized the French antipope Clement.B.England recognized Pope Urban.C.Scotland followed the French.D.The emperor of Holy Roman Empire in Germany recognized Clement.您的答案:D题目分数:1.0此题得分:1.055(第55题Which of the following reform measures resulted in the moral decline of the Romans?A.limiting the amount of land owned by individual citizensB.selling grain at a low price to citizensC.distributing publicland to landless citizens D.cutting down land taxes or rent 您的答案:B题目分数:1.0此题得分:1.056(第56题The prose writing of _____ had the greatest influence on Latinliterature in the Middle Ages.A.Livy (59B.C.-18 A.D.)B.Cicero (106-43 B.C.).C.Ovid (43 B.C.-17 A.D.)D.Juvenal (55-130 A.D.)您的答案:B题目分数:1.0此题得分:1.057(第57题Starting from the reign of which Roman emperor such jobs as bakery andmilitary service became hereditary?A.OctavianB.DiocletianC.ConstantineD.Theodosius您的答案:A题目分数:1.0此题得分:0.058(第58题Which description of the Hellenistic civilization is incorrect? A.It was a cosmopolitan and open culture.B.It was a mixture of Greek and Oriental cultures.C.It helped to popularize Greek thinking and life styles.D.Its commercial, cultural and intellectual centre was Athens. 您的答案:D题目分数:1.0此题得分:1.059(第59题Major changes in Roman religious life were mainly a result of _____.A.foreign cultural invasionB.trade and commerceC.territorial expansion of RomeD.interest in spiritual matters您的答案:C题目分数:1.0此题得分:1.060(第60题Beginning in the 4th century, army units of German were__.A.suppressed by the RomansB.eliminated by the RomansC.welcomed into the Roman Empire to defend the RomansD.driven bythe Romans to settle in depopulated areas. 您的答案:C题目分数:1.0此题得分:1.061(第61题The Italian Renaissance scholars did all the following things except for ____.A.reviving many classical texts forgotten or lost for a long time.B.spreading the knowledge beyond the small circle of scholars.C.refusing to accept religious teaching or read religious works.D.paying more attention to man’s world and life on earth. 您的答案:C题目分数:1.0此题得分:1.062(第62题Which of the following Renaissance writers was not known for his sonnets?A.DanteB.PetrarchC.Edmund SpencerD.William Shakespeare您的答案:A题目分数:1.0此题得分:1.063(第63题Which statement about the “civic humanism” is wrong?A.It was developed by some Florentine scholars during the fifteenthcentury.B.It believed that virtue could only be obtained by participating inpublic life.C.It encouraged people to pursue material pleasures and fulfilltheirdesires.D.It was the same with the “Christian Humanism” of NorthernRenaissance.您的答案:D题目分数:1.0此题得分:1.064(第64题Who did not belong to the Florentine School of the Early Renaissance art?A.BrunelleschiB.DonatelloC.MasaccioD.Raphael您的答案:D题目分数:1.0此题得分:1.065(第65题Which factor directly resulted in the first great split in Christianity in 1054?A.The rulers of most European peoples adopted Christianity for themselves and their subjectsB.The invasions from Vikings and Magyars not only destroyed many churches and monasteries but also greatly damaged the church institutionsC.There were few schools to train clergy, and many church officers were shallow and incompetentD.Pope Leo IX asserted the supreme authority of the papacy and clashed with the Patriarch of Constantinople Michael Cerularius 您的答案:D题目分数:1.0此题得分:1.066(第66题1066 marked the__A.defeat of the VikingsB.Norman Conquest of EnglandC.death of William ID.death of Alfred the Great您的答案:B题目分数:1.0此题得分:1.067(第67题All the following statements about the Scholasticism are true, EXCEPTA.Some scholars tried in vain to forbid the study and teaching of Aristotle’s thoughtB.Some argued that reason alone could lead to truthC.Some argued that ultimate truth could not be discovered by reason, but was revealed to human by God in His mystical waysD.The most fruitful achievement was the attempt to harmonize faith and reason by the leading scholar St. Augustine您的答案:D题目分数:1.0此题得分:1.068(第68题In the year of ____, Constantine the Great issued Edit of Milan whichofficially made Christianity legal.A.311B.313C.324D.380您的答案:B题目分数:1.0此题得分:1.069(第69题In the Early Middle Ages, the Roman Church and the Eastern Church weredivided over the following issues EXCEPT for ______. A.IconoclasmB.official languageC.explanation of the Holy SpiritD.baptism您的答案:D题目分数:1.0此题得分:1.070(第70题For some Muslims, Qur’an should not be translated because_____. A.it is impious to translate the very words of Allah. B.it is too difficult to translate the rhymed prose of Qur’an. C.the original meaning of Qur’an would be distorted. D.the beauty of Arabic language would be violated. 您的答案:C题目分数:1.0此题得分:1.071(第71题Which one is not the factor that led to the disintegration of theCarolingian Empire after Charlemagne’s deat h? A.the regional and ethnic diversityB.the conflicts between different successors to the throneC.the destructive attacks of non-Christian invadersD.the emergence of feudalism您的答案:D题目分数:1.0此题得分:1.072(第72题In Early Middle Ages, Western European civilization differed from theByzantine and Islamic Empires in the following aspects EXCEPT for _____.A.the influence from the Germanic and Romance vernacular languages.B.the unstable political situation and a lack of central powerC.the influence of ancient Greco-Roman civilizations.D.the lower level of intellectual and literary accomplishment您的答案:C题目分数:1.0此题得分:1.073(第73题The Late Middle Ages were marked by the following features, EXCEPT?A.Plague and famine caused millions of death in Europe.B.Along with depopulation came social unrest and conflicts.C.Rivalry between feudal governments led to wars, the most violentbeing the Hundred Years’ War fought between Germany and Italy.D.Peasant uprisings and urban revolts broke out in many countries.您的答案:C题目分数:1.0此题得分:1.074(第74题Which of the following statements about Papacy at Avignon is NOT true?A.The reform measures of Avignon papacy turned the papacy into a morespiritual than political institution.B.Several popes were Frenchmen, and 113 out of the 134 new cardinalscreated by the popes were French.C.Papal influence in England and in Germany declined.D.This period in church history is called the Babylonian Captivity.您的答案:A题目分数:1.0此题得分:1.075(第75题Which of the following statements about villages in the Middle Ages is NOT true?A.Villages ranged in size from ten to several hundred peasant families, living in a cluster of cottages surrounded by their fields.B.Most villages had woodland which provided burning wood andbuilding materials.C.Many villages had a stream or pond for water supply, fish and a water mill for grinding grain.D.Few villages had a few artisans and traders who combined farm workwith other labor.您的答案:D题目分数:1.0此题得分:1.076(第76题Which of the following statements about the development of sciencein the Central Middle Ages is NOT true?A.Translation of Greek and Arabic scientific works gave new impetusto the study of science.B.Arabic numbers were introduced by Italian mathematician Leonardode Pisa.C.Robert Grosseteste, Roger Bacon and others made CambridgeUniversity the center of scientific studies during the thirteenth century.D.Bacon wrote three important books, Great Work, Small Work andThird Work.您的答案:C题目分数:1.0此题得分:1.077(第77题In the year _____ Christianity became the official religion of the Roman Empire.A.311B.313C.324D.380您的答案:D题目分数:1.0此题得分:1.078(第78题Christians considered pagan gods_____.A.as demonsB.as humansC.incredibleD.supernatural您的答案:A题目分数:1.0此题得分:1.079(第79题Which is not the similarity shared by Chaucer’s Canterbury Tales andBoccaccio’s Decameron?A.a collection of storiesB.satirical and humorous languageC.vivid characterizationD.religious themes您的答案:D题目分数:1.0此题得分:1.080(第80题Who was not a representative writer of Northern Renaissance?A.Giovanni BoccaccioB.William ShakespeareC.Fran鏾is RabelaisD.Miguel de Cervantes您的答案:A题目分数:1.0此题得分:1.081(第81题In terms of science, what was the significant shift in thinking duringthe Renaissance Age?A.the inclusion of science in the educational programB.the emphasis on how things happened in natureC.the development of new scientific methodsD.the acceptance of heliocentric theory 您的答案:B 题目分数:1.0此题得分:1.082(第82题What is the limit of term for the members of the Senate of the Roman Republic?A.2 yearsB.4 yearsC.5 yearsD.life您的答案:D题目分数:1.0此题得分:1.083(第83题Pope Urban VI started to reform the church and wanted to abolish the following abuses, EXCEPTA.SimonyB.PluralismC.AbsenteeismD.homosexual您的答案:D题目分数:1.0此题得分:1.084(第84题Which of the following statements about ciompi is NOT true?A.They formed a ciompi guild.B.They formed a people’s militia.C.They granted political representation in the government.D.They had not lost their hold on power.您的答案:D题目分数:1.0此题得分:1.085(第85题Constantine the Great named the new imperial capital ______.A.ConstantinopleB.ByzantiumC.New RomeD.Istanbul您的答案:C题目分数:1.0此题得分:1.086(第86题Which of the following statements about Byzantine classicism is true?A.The Byzantines revered ancient Greek literature, philosophy and historiography.B.The Byzantines emphasized Greek scientific and mathematical tradition.C.The Byzantines were not only imitative, but also creative in their study of Greek tradition.D.The Byzantine authors thought they could eventually surpassancient Greek authors.您的答案:A题目分数:1.0此题得分:1.087(第87题What event marked the climax of Charlemagne’s career and the formation of western European civilization?A.Charlemagne became the Frankish king and ruled most of Western Europe.B.Charlemagne produced the best government Europe had seen since theRomans.C.Charlemagne built a united Christian society and had an alliance with the papacy.D.Charlemagne was crowned “Holy Roman Emperor” by the Pope.您的答案:D题目分数:1.0此题得分:1.088(第88题It was during the ____ that the Romans were defeated by the famous Carthaginian general Hannibal.A.the 1st Punic WarB.the 2nd Punic WarC.the 3rd Punic WarD.the 4th Punic War您的答案:B题目分数:1.0此题得分:1.089(第89题The government of the Roman Republic included all of the following branches EXCEPT ______.A.the executive branchB.the deliberative branchC.the legislative branchD.the judicial branch您的答案:D题目分数:1.0此题得分:1.090(第90题Which one of the following groups of the people could vote in the Romanassemblies?A.Roman generals and adult male plebiansB.anyone whose parents were RomansC.adult Roman males and females.D.literate Greek slaves 您的答案:A题目分数:1.0此题得分:1.091(第91题Which one of the Roman Emperors resembles the “philosopher king”praised by Plato?A.Trajan (r. 98-117 A.D.)B.Hadrian (r. 117-138 A.D.)C.Antoninus Pius (r. 138-161 A.D.)D.Marcus Aurelius (r. 161-180 A.D.) 您的答案:D题目分数:1.0此题得分:1.092(第92题All of the following Roman officers were produced by election EXCEPT ____.A.consulB.dictatorC.tribuneD.magistrate您的答案:B题目分数:1.0此题得分:1.093(第93题Who replaced the Council of 400 with the Council of 500? A.SolonB.PersistratusC.CleisthenesD.Pericles您的答案:C题目分数:1.0此题得分:1.094(第94题Which description of Spartan women is incorrect?。
欧洲文化入门复习题
《欧洲文化入门》复习题（一）Division One: Greek Culture and Roman CultureGreek CultureI.填空1.European culture is made up of many elements, two of these elements are consideredto be more enduring and they are the Greco-Roman element and the Judeo-Christian element.2.Greek culture reached a high point of development in the 5th century.3.In the second half of the 4th century B. C., all Greece was brought under the ruleof Alexander, king of Macedon.4.In 146 B. C. the Romans conquered Greece.5.Greek culture reached a high point of development in the 5th century.6.Revived in 1896, the Olympic Games have become the world’s foremost amateur sportscompetition.7.Ancient Greeks considered Homer to be the author of their epics.8.The Iliad deals with the alliance of the states of the southern mainland of Greece,led by Agamemnon in their war against the city of Troy.9.The Odyssey deals with the return of Odysseus after the Trojan war to his home,island of Ithaca.10.Of the many lyric poets of ancient Greece, two are still admired by readers today:Sappho and Pindar.11.Sappho was considered the most important lyric poet of ancient Greece.12.Pindar is best known for his odes celebrating the victories at the athletic games,such as the 14 Olympic odes.13.The three great tragic dramatists of ancient Greece are Aeschylus, Sophocles,and Euripides.14.Aeschylus wrote such plays as Prometheus Bound, Persians and Agamemnon.15.Sophocles wrote such tragic plays as Oedipus the King, Electra, and Antigone.16.Euripides wrote mainly about women in such plays as Andromache, Medea, and TrojanWomen.edy also flourished in the 5th century B. C.. Its best writer was Aristophanes,who has left eleven plays, including Frogs, Clouds, Wasps and Birds.18.Herodotus is often called “Father of History”. He wrote about the wars betweenGreeks and Persians.19.Thucydides described the war between Athens and Sparta and between Athens andSyracuse, a Greek state on the Island of Sicily.20.Pythagoras was a bold thinker who had the idea that all things were numbers.21.Pythagoras was the founder of scientific mathematics.22.Heracleitue believed fire to the primary element of the universe, out of whicheverything else had arisen.23.The greatest names in European philosophy are Socrates, Plato and Aristotle.24.Democritus was one of the earliest philosophical materialists and speculatedabout the atomic structure of matter.25.In the 4th century B. C., four schools of philosophers often argued with eachother, they are the Cynics, the Sceptics, the Epicureans, and the Stoics.26.Euclid is well-known for his Elements, a textbook of geometry.27.To illustrate the principle of the level, Archimedes is said to have told theking: “Give me a place to stand, and I will move the world.”28.Greek architecture can be grouped into three styles: the Doric style which isalso called the masculine style; the Ionic style which is also called the feminine style; and a later style that is called the Corinthian style.29.The Acropolis at Athens and the Parthenon are the finest monument of Greekarchitecture and sculpture in more than 2000 years.30.In the 20th century, there are Homeric parallels in the Irishman James Joyce’s modernist masterpiece Ulysses.II.选择1.W hich culture reached a high point of development in the 5th century B. C.?A.Greek CultureB.Roman CultureC.Egyptian CultureD.Chinese Culture2.I n ___________ the Roman conquered Greece.A.1200B.C.B.700 B.C.C.146 B. C.D.The 5th century3.W hich of the following works described the war led by Agamemnon against the cityof Troy?A.Oedipus the KingB.IliadC.OdysseyD.Antigone4.W hich of the following is NOT the plays written by Aeschylus?A.AntigoneB.AgamemnonC.PersiansD.Prometheus Bound5.W hich of the following is NOT the plays written by Sophocles?A.ElectraB.AntigoneC.Trojan WomanD.Oedipus the King6.W hich of the following is the play written by Euripides?A.AntigoneB.PersiansC.ElectraD.Medea7.W hich of the following is NOT the greatest tragic dramatist of ancient Greece?A.AristophanesB.EuripidesC.SophoclesD.Aeschylus8.W ho ever said that “You can not step twice into the same river”?A.PythagorasB.HeracleitusC.Aristotle9.W ho was the founder of scientific mathematics?A.HeracleitusB.AristotleC.SocratesD.Pythagoras10.Who is chiefly noted for his doctrine that “man is the measure of all things”?A.ProtagorasB.PythagorasC.PyrrhonD.EpicurusIII.名词解释1.A eschylus2.P lato3.T he CynicsIV.简答与问答1.W hat are the major elements in European culture?2.W hat were the main features of ancient Greek society?3.W ho were the outstanding dramatists of ancient Greece? What important plays dideach of them write?4.T ell some of Plato’s ideas. Why do people call him an idealist?5.G ive some examples to show the enormous influence of Greek culture on Englishliterature.Roman CultureI.填空1.The burning of Corinth in 146 B. C. marked Roman conquest of Greece, which wasthen reduced to a province of the Roman Empire.2.The Roman writer Horace said: “Captive Greece took her rude conqueror captive”.3.In 27 B. C. Octavius took supreme power as emperor with the title of Augustus.4.The Romans enjoyed a long period of peace lasting two hundred years, a remarkablephenomenon in history known as the Pax Romana.5.In the 4th century, the emperor Constantine moved the capital from Rome toByzantium, renamed it Constantinople ( modern Istanbul ).6.In 476 the last emperor of the west was deposed by the Coths and marked the endof the West Roman Empire.7.The East Roman Empire collapsed when Constantinople fell to the Turks in 1453.8.Julius Caesar recorded what he did and saw in the various military campaignshe took part in and these writings, collected in his Commentaries, are models of succinct Latin.9.Virgil was the greatest of Latin poets and wrote the great epic, the Aeneid.10.The Pantheon is the greatest and the best preserved Roman temple, which was builtin 27 B. C. And reconstructed in the 2th century A. D..11.She-wolf is the statue which illustrates the legend of creation of Roman.II.选择1.W ho wrote, “I came, I saw, I conquered”?A.HoraceB.Julius CaesarC.VirgilD.Marcus Tullius Cicero2.T he author of the philosophical poem On the Nature of things is ___________.A.VirgilB.Julius CaesarC.HoraceD.Lucretius3.W hich of the following is not Roman architecture?A.The ColosseumB.The PanthenonC.The ParthenonD.Pont du Gard4.W ho wrote, “Captive Greece took her rude conqueror captive”?A.SapphoB.PlatoC.VirgilD.HoraceIII.名词解释1.Julius Caesar2.The Pax RomanaIV.简答与问答1.What did the Romans have in common with the Greeks? And what was the chiefdifference between them?2.What is the book for which Virgil has been famous throughout the centuries? Inwhat way is the book linked with the Greek past?3.Why do we say Aeneas is a truly tragic hero?Division Two: The Bible and ChristianityThe Old TestamentⅠ填空题1.Among all the religions by which people seek to worship, Christianity is by farthe most influential in the West.2.Both Judaism and Christianity originated in Palestine the hub of migration andtrade routes, which led to exchange of ideas over wide areas.3.Some 3800 years ago the ancestors of the Jews – the Hebrews – wandered throughthe deserts of the Middle East.4.About 1300 B.C., the Hebrews came to settle in Palestine, known as Canaan atthat time, and formed small kingdoms.5.The king of the Hebrews was handed down orally from one generation to anotherin the form of folktales and stories, which were recorded later in the Old Testament.6.The Bible is a collection of religious writings comprising two parts: the OldTestament and the New Testament.7.The old Testament consists of 39 books, the oldest and most important of whichare first five books, called Pentateuch.8.When the Hebrews left the desert and entered the mountainous Sinai, Moses climbedto the top of the mountain to receive from God message, which came to be known as the Ten Commandments.9.Chronologically Amos is the earliest prophet in the Old Testament.10.In Babylon in the 6th century B.C., the Hebrews, now known as Jews, formedsynagogues to practise their religion.II 选择题1.Which of the following is by far the most influential in the West?_______A. BuddismB. IslamismC. ChristianityD. Judaism2.The Old Testament consists of 39 books, the oldest and most important of whichare the first five books, called __________.A. ExodusB. CommandmentsC. AmosD. Pentaeuch3.Which of the following is NOT the content of the Ten Commandments?_______A.Honour your father and your motherB.Do not commit suicideC.Do not desire your neighbour’s wifeD.Do not take the name of God in vain4.When in Babylon the Hebrews formed synagogues to practise their religion? ______A. in 169B.C. B. in the 4th centuryC. in 76 B.C.D. in the 6th centuryⅢ名词解释1.the Bible2.the Pentateuch3.Ten CommandmentsⅣ简答与问答1.What was the Hebrews major contribution to world civilization?2.Why do we say Judaism and Christianity are closely related?3.What are the Ten Commandments about?Rise of ChristianityⅠ填空题1.At the age of 30, Jesus received the baptism at the hands of John Baptist.2.Jesus spent most of his life in Galilee, where he apparently made a sensation.3.Jesus of Nazareth lived in Palestine during the reign of the first Roman EmperorAugustus.4.Jesus went with his disciples to Jerusalem for the Passover, but was betrayedby Juda.5.In 313 the Edict of Milan was issued by Constantine I and granted religiousfreedom to all and made Christianity legal.6.In 392 A.D, Emperor Theodosius made Christianity the official religions of theempire and outlawed all other religions.7.After Jesus died, St. Peter and St. Paul led the disciples of Jesus to spreadgospel in the Mediterranean regions.Ⅱ选择题1.After the _______ century Nestorianism reached China.A. sixthB. fifthC. secondD. third2.Which of the following emperors made Christianity the official religion of theempire and outlawed all other religions? __________A. TheodosiusB. AugustusC. Constantine ID. Nero Caesar3.Which of the following emperors issued the Edict of Milan and made Christianitylegal in 313? __________A. AugustusB. ThedosiusC. NeroD. Constantine I4.At the age of 30, Jesus Christ received the baptism at the hands of _________.A. St. PeterB. St. PaulC. John BaptistD. JohnWycliffⅢ名词解释1.The Edict of MilanⅣ简答与问答1.How did the relations between Christians and the Roman government change?The New TestamentⅠ填空题1.By 300 A.D. each local church was called a parish and had a full time leaderknown as priest.2.Towards the end of he fourth century four accounts were accepted as part of theNew Testament, which tells the beginning of Christianity.3.When as Jesus’ mother Mary was espoused to Joseph, before they came together,she was found with child of the Holy Ghost4.Jesus went with his disciples to Jerusalem for the Passover, but was betrayedby Juda and caught at the Last Supper.Translations of the BibleⅠ填空题1.Except a few passages in the related Armaic dialect the Old Testament wasoriginally written in Hebrew. And the New Testament was originally written ina popular form of Greek.2.The oldest extant Greek translation of the Old Testament is known as theSeptuagint, as according the fictional letter of Aristeas, it was translated by 72 translators in 72 days.3.The most ancient extant Latin version of the whole Bible is the Vulgate edition,which was done in 384 – 405 A.D. by St. Jerome in common people’s language.4.The first English version of whole Bible was translated from the Latin Vulgatein 1382 and was copied out by hand by the early group of reformers led by John Wycliff.5.The most important and influential of English Bible is the “Authorized” orKing James’ version, first published in 1611.Ⅱ选择题1.By 1693, the whole of the Bible had been translated in _________languages.A. 228B. 974C. 1202D. 1542.The oldest extant Greek translation of the Old Testament is known as ________.A. the Latin VulgateB. the AristeasC. the “Authorized”D. the Septuagint3.When printing was invented in the 1500’s, the _______ Bible was the first completework printed.A. EnglishB. LatinC. AramaicD. Hebrew4.When did the standard American edition of the Revised Version appear? _______A. 1885B. 1611C. 1901D. 1979Division Three: The Middle AgesManor and ChurchⅠ填空题1.In European history, the thousand year period following the fall of the WestRoman Empire in the fifth century is called the Middle Ages.2.Between the fifth and eleventh centuries, West Europe was the scene of frequentwars and invasions.3.The Middle Age is a period in which classical, Hebrew and Gothic heritage merged.4.Feudalism in Europe was mainly a system of land holding – a system of holdingland in exchange for military service.5.In 732 Charles Martel, a Frankish ruler gave his soldiers estates known as fiefsas a reward for their service.6.The center of medieval life under feudalism was the manor.7.By the 12th century manor houses came to be called castle, which were made ofstone and designed as fortress.8.As a knight, he was pledged to protect the weak, to fight for the church, tobe loyal to his lord and to respect women of noble birth. These rules were known as code of chivalry, from which the western idea of good manners developed.9.In the medieval days a knight was trained for war by fighting each other in mockbatters called tournaments.10.After 1054, the Church was divided into the Roman Catholic Church and the EasternOrthodox Church.11.The most important of all the leaders of Christian thought was Augustine of Hippowho lived in North Africa in the fifth century.12.Under feudalism, people of western Europe were mainly divided into three classes:clergy, lords and peasants.13.The Pope not only ruled Roman and parts of Italy as a king, he was also the headof all Christian churches in western Europe.14.In the Medieval times the Church set up a church court – the Inquisition tostamp out so-called heresy.15.One of the most important sacraments was Holy Communion, which was to remindpeople that Christ had died to redeem man.16.To express their religious feelings, many people in the Middle Ages went onjourneys to sacred places where early Christian leaders had lived. The most important of all was Jerusalem.17.With a return attack against the Moslems, the Western Christians launched aseries of holy wars called the Crusades.Ⅱ选择题1.In the later part of the 4th century, which of the following tribes swept intoEurope from central Asia, robbing and killing a large numbers of the half civilized Germanic tribes? ________A. the MongoliansB. the HunsC. the TurkishD. the Syrians2.The Middle Ages is also called the _________.A. “Age of Christianity”B. “Age of Literature”C. “Age of Holy Spirit”D. “Age of Faith”3.According to the code of chivalry, which of the following is not pledged to dofor a knight? _______A. To be loyal to his lordB. To fight for the churchC. To obey without question the orders of the abbotD. To respect women of noble birth4.In 732, who gave his soldiers estates known as fiefs as a reward for their service?_________A. Charles Martel, a Frankish rulerB. Charles I, a Turkish rulerC. Constantine I, a Frankish rulerD. St. Benedict, a Italian ruler5.When was the Church divided into the Roman Catholic Church and Eastern OrthodoxChurch?_________A. after 1066B. after 1296C. after 1054D. after4766.Which of the following about the knight or noble in the Middle Ages in WesternEurope is NOT true?____________A.Almost all nobles were knights in the Medieval days.B. A noble began his education as a page at the age of seven.C.As a knight, he was pledged to fight for the church.D.At about fourteen, the page became a knight.7.When was a noble crowned as a knight in the Middle Ages in Western Europe? _______A.At the age of 14.B.When he was taught to say his prayers, learned good manners and ran errandsfor the ladies.C.At a special ceremony known as dubbing.D.When he was pledged to fight for the church.8.Which of the following is NOT true about what the monks must do before enteringthe monastery according to the Benedictine Rule?A.They had to attend service 6 times during the day and once at midnight.B.They could promise to give up all their possession before entering themonastery.C.They were expected to work 5 hours a day in the fields surrounding themonastery.D.They had to obey without question the orders of the abbot.9.Under feudalism, what were the three classes of people of western Europe?________A. clergy, knights and serfsB. Pope, bishop and peasantsC. clergy, lords and peasantsD. knights, nobles and serfs10.By which year the Moslems had taken over the last Christian stronghold and wonthe crusades and ruled all the territory in Palestine that the crusaders had fought to control? ________A. 1270B. 1254C. 1096D. 1291Ⅲ名词解释1.the Middle Ages2.Manor3.Code of Chivalry4.Benedictine Rule5.the CrusadesⅣ简答与问答1.Who was Charles Martel?2.What was the difference between a serf and a free man?3.Into what three groups were people divided under feudalism?4.What happened in Western Europe after the decline of the Roman Empire?Learning and Science, Literature, Art and ArchitectureⅠ填空题1.Charlemagne, who temporarily restored order in western and central Europe, wasperhaps the most important figure of the medieval period.2.Charlemagne was crowed “Emperor of the Romans” by the Pope in 800.3.The Summa Theologica by St. Thomas Aquinas forms an enormous system and sumsup all the knowledge of medieval theology.4.Roger Bacon was one of the earliest advocates of Scientific research and calledfor careful observation and experimentation.5.“National epic” refers to the epic written in vernacular languages – thatis, the languages of various national states that came into being in the Middle Ages.6.Beowulf is an Anglo-Sexon epic, in alliterative verse, originating from thecollective efforts of oral literature.7.Dante Alighieri was the greatest poet of Italy, his masterpiece, The DivineComedy, is one of the landmarks of world literature.8.Chaucer was a great English poet, The Canterbury Tales were his most popularwork for their power of observation, piercing irony, sense of humor and warm humanity.9.Chaucer writers in dialect used by Londoners, and by the sheer weight andpopularity of his writings he sets it firmly on the way towards Modern English.10.The style of architecture under Romanesque art is characterized by massiveness,solidity and monumentality with all overall blocky appearance.11.The Gothic style started in France and quickly spread through all parts of westernEurope.Ⅱ选择题1.Which of the following was crowned “Emperor of the Romans” by the Pope in 800?______A. St. Thomas AquinasB. CharlemagneC. ConstantineD. King James2.Who was the ruler of the Anglo-Saxon kingdom of Wessex and contributed greatlyto the medieval European culture? _________A. Charles IB. Constantine IC. Alfred the GreatD. Charles the Great3.Does Song of Roland belong to which country’s epic? _________A. EnglishB. GermanicC. HebrewD. French4.Who is the author of the Opus Maius? ________A. Roger BaconB. Dante AlighieriC. ChaucerD. St. Thomas AquinasⅢ名词解释1.Carolingian Renaissance2.Beowulf3.Song of Roland4.The Canterbury tales5.Romanesque6.GothicⅣ简答与问答1.What was the merit which Charlemagne and Alfred the Great share?Division IV: Renaissance and ReformationRenaissance in ItalyⅠ填空题1.Generally speaking, Renaissance refers to the period between the 14th and mid17th century.2.Humanism is the essence of the Renaissance.3.In essence, Renaissance was a historical period in which the European humanistthinkers and scholars made attempts to get rid of conservatism in feudalist Europe and introduce new ideas that expressed the interests of bourgeoisie, to lift the restrictions in all areas placed by the Roman Church authorities.4.Renaissance started in Florence and Venice with the flowering of paintings,sculpture and architecture.5.Beginning from the 11th century, cities began to rise in central and north Italy.6.Decameron is a collection of 100 tales told by 7 young ladies and 3 youngergentlemen on their way to escape the Black Death of 1348.7.Petrach was best known for Canzoniers, a book of lyrical songs written in hisItalian dialect.8.The Renaissance artists introduced in their works scientific theories of anatomyand perspective.9.The four representative artists of High Renaissance in Italy are Leonardo daVinci, michelangelo, Raphael and Titian.10.Loenardo da Vinci’s major works: Last Supper is the most famous of religiouspictures; Mona Lisa probably is the world’s most famous portrait.11.Michelangelo created a style of art in which he freed himself from the oldtradition of decoration on the one hand and documentary realism on the other.12.Titian’s painting is acknowledged to have established oil colour on canvas asthe typical medium of the pictorial tradition in western art.13.In world trade, Italy had lost its supremacy because of the discovery of Americain 1492 and the rounding of the Cape of Good Hope in 1488, the opening of an all-water route to India which provided a cheaper means of transport.14.Petrach is looked up as the father of modern poetry.15.Italy is regarded as the birthplace of the Renaissance.Ⅱ选择题1.Where did the Renaissance start with the flowering of paintings, sculpture andarchitecture? _______A. in Greece and RomeB. in Florence and VeniceC. in Milan and FlorenceD. in Italy and Germany2.When did the Renaissance reach its height with its center moving to Milan, thento Rome, and created High Renaissance? ___________A. in the 11th centuryB. in the 15th centuryC. in the 16th centuryD. in the 17th century3.Which of the following works is written by Boccaccio? _______A. DecameronB. CanzoniersC. DavidD. Moses4.Who is the author of the painting, Betrayal of Judas? ________A. GiottoB. BrunelleschiC. DonatelloD. Giorgione5.Which of the following High Renaissance artists is the father of the modern modeof painting? _______A. RaphaelB. TitianC. da VinciD.Michelangelo6.Which of the following High Renaissance artists was best known for his Madona(Virgin Mary)?A. TitianB. da VinciC. MichelangeloD. Raphael7.Which of the following paintings was based on the story in the Bible with Mariariding on a donkey ready to face the hardship ahead? ________A. TempestaB. Sacred and Profane LoveC. Flight into EgyptD. The Return of the HuntersⅢ名词解释1.Renaissance2.DecameronⅣ简答与问答1.What made Italy the birthplace of the Renaissance?2.What are the main elements of humanism? How are these elements reflected in artand literature during the Italian Renaissance?3.How did Italian Renaissance art and architecture break away from medievaltradition?4.In what way was Leonardo da Vinci important during the Renaissance?Reformation and Counter-ReformationⅠ填空题1.The Reformation led by Martin Luther which swept over the whole of Europe wasaimed at opposing the absolute authority of the Roman Catholic Church and replacing it with the absolute authority of the Bible.2.Martin Luther was the German leader of the Protestant Reformation. His doctrinemarked the first break in the unity of the Catholic Church.3.When the Pope refused to recognized Henry’s marriage with Anne Boleyn, BritishParliament, in 1534, passed the Act of Supremacy which marked the formal break of the British with the Papal authorities.4.Ignatius and his followers called themselves the Jesuits, members of the Societyof Jesus.5.John Calvin put his theological thoughts in his Institutes of the ChristianReligion, which was considered one of the most influential theological works of all times.Ⅱ选择题1.Who took up the translation of the Bible into English for the first time? ________A. Jan HusB. John WyliffC. Martin LutherD. John Calvin2.Who is the author Institutes of the Christian Religion?A. John WycliffB. Jan HusC. John CalvinD.Erasmus3.In whose reign did the formal break of the British with the papal authorities take place?____A. Elizabeth IB. William IC. Edward IIID. Henry VIII4.After the formal break of the British with the papal authorities, who was the head of the church? _______A. KingB. PopeC. BishopD. QueenⅢ名词解释1.Calvinism2.the Council of Trent3.Counter-ReformationⅣ简答与问答1.What are the doctrines of Martin Luther?2.What was the significance of the Reformation in European civilization?Renaissance in other CountriesⅠ填空题1.The Protestant group in France was known as the Huguenots whose rivalry withthe Catholic Church led to the wars of religion from 1562 to 1598.2.In 1492 the Moors that had ruled Spain for four centuries were driven out fromtheir last stronghold.3.In 1492 Columbus discovered American and claimed America for Spain.4.The author of Don Quixote is Cervantes.5.Albrecht Dürer was the leader of the Renaissance in Germany. His engravingsare unsurpassed and his paintings of animals and plants are exceedinglysensitive.6.Under the reign of Elizabeth I, England began to embark on the road tocolonization and foreign control that was to take it onto its heyday of capitalist development.7.Thomas More was a great humanist during the Renaissance. Among his writings thebest known is Utopia.8.Cervantes crowned literature of Spain and Shakespeare of England during theRenaissance.Ⅱ选择题1.Which of the following works was written by Rabelais, in which he praises thegreatness of man, expresses his love of love and his reverence and sympathy for humanist learning? _______A.Gargantua and PantagruelB. Don QuixoteC. The Praise of FollyD. Utopia2.Whose motto put down in his essays “What do Know” is world famous?________A. CervantesB. RabelaisC. MontaigneD. Shakespeare3.Which of the following works is worth reading for Montaigne’s humanist ideasand a style which is easy and familiar? ________A. SonnetsB. DecameronC. RabelaisD. Of Repentance4.Which of the following is NOT French writer poet? _______A. CervantesB. Pierre de RonsardC. RabelaisD. Montaigne5.In 1516 who published the first Greek edition of the New Testament?_________A. BruegelB. ErasmusC. El GrecoD. Rabelais6.“To be, or not to be, -- that is the question ” from whose works? _______A. ChaucerB. DanteC. Roger BaconD. ShakespeareⅢ简答与问答1.Why did England come later than other countries during the Renaissance? In whatway was English Renaissance different from that of other countries? Who were the major figures and what were their contributions?Science and Technology during the RenaissanceⅠ填空题1.The Renaissance was the golden age of geographical discoveries: by the year of1600 the surface of the known earth was doubled.2.Columbus was a Genoese-born navigator and discoverer of the New World.3.Dias was a Portuguese navigator who discovered the Cape of Good Hope.4.Vasco da Gama was a Portuguese navigator, who discovered the route to India roundthe Cape of Good Hope between the year of 1497 and 1498.5.Amerigo Vespucci was the Italian navigator in whose honor America was named6.Amerigo Vespucci discovered and explored the mouth of the Amazon and acceptedSouth America as a new continent.7.Copernicus came to be known as father of modern astronomy.。
欧洲文化入门试题及答案
（0174）《欧洲文化入门》复习思考题I. Choose the most appropriate one for the following blanks.1. Two major elements in European culture are ____.A. the Greek and RomanB. the Judaism and ChristianityC. the Greco-RomanD. A and B2. ____ deals with the Trojan War (the Greek states led by Agamemnon in their war against the city of Troy ).A. The OdysseyB. The IliadC. Prometheus BoundD. Persians3. The play Prometheus Bound was written by _____.A. AeschylusB. AristophanesC. EuripidesD. Sophocles4. The best writer of comedy of the ancient Greece was ____ , who is Father of Comedy.A. EuripidesB. AristophanesC. SophoclesD. Aeschylus5. ____ was one of the earliest exponents of the atomic theory.A. HomeB. HeracleitueC. DemocritusD. Socrates6, ____by Plato is a book about the ideal state ruled by a philosopher but barring poets.A. DialoguesB. The ApologyC. The RepublicD. Symposium7. Dante called ____ “ the master of those who know”.A, Aristotle B. Plato C. Socrates D. Archimedes8. Euclid is even now well-known for his ____.A. ElementsB. PoeticsC. EthicsD. Politics9. ____ has been a big subject for discussion among writers and artists.A, Discus Thrower B, Venus de MiloC, Laocoon group D, Parthenon10. Herodotus , Father of History, wrote about the war between ____ .A. Athens and SpartaB. Athens and SyracuseC. Athens and PersiansD. Greeks and Persians11. It is _____ who was the founder of scientific mathematics.A. HeracleitusB. AristotleC. SocratesD. Pythagoras12.Octavius took supreme power as emperor with the title of ____ in 27 B. C..Rome B. Augustus C. The Roman Empire D. Pax Romana13. The great epic, The Aeneid, was written by _____.A. LucretiusB. VirgilC. Julius CaesarD. Cicero14. The oldest and most important of the Old Testament of 39 books are the first five books, called ____.A. DeuteronomyB. ExodusC. the PentateuchD. Genesis15. In ____ the Jews were carried away into the Babylonian Captivity(巴比伦之囚).A. 169B.C. B. 586 B. C. C. 536 B. C. D, 721 B.C.16. The most important and influential of English Bible is ____, first published in 1611.A. The SeptuagintB. The VulgateC. Wycliff’s versionD. Authorized version17. ____ is the oldest extant Greek translation of the Old Testament.A. The SeptuagintB. The VulgateC. Wycliff’s versionD. Authorized version18. It is generally accepted that ____ and Shakespeare are two great reserviors of Modern English.A. the BibleB. the English BibleC. the New TestamentD. the Old Testament19. The Middle Ages is a period in which _____ , _____ and Gothic heritages merged.A. Greco-Roman, ChristianityB. classical, ChristianC. Greek, RomanD. classical, Hebrew20. The centre of medieval life under feudalism was _____.A. knighthoodB. the manorC. the ChurchD. polis21. In 1054, the Christian Church was divided into ____ and the Eastern Orthodox Church.A. ChristianityB. the Roman ChurchC. the Roman Catholic ChurchD. the Western Catholic22. _____ by Aquinas forms an enormous system and sums up all the knowledge of medieval theology.A. Summa TheologicaB. Summa Contra GentilesC. Opus maiusD. Beowulf23. The Anglo-Saxon epic ____ originated from the collective effort of oral literature.A. Song of RolandB. the Anglo-Saxon Chronicles.C. BeowulfD. the Divine Comedy24. Generally speaking, Renaissance refers to the period between ____.A. the 13th and 15th centuriesB. the 14th and mid-17th centuryC. the 15th and 16th centuriesD. the 14th and 16th centuries25. ____ is the essence of the Renaissance.The revival of interest in ancient Greek and Roman cultureAttempts to get rid of conservatismThe flowering of paintings, sculpture and architectureHumanism26. Fracesco Petrarch, the author of ____, is known as Father of Humanism.A. the DecameronB.CanzoniersC. DavidD. Sleeping Venus27. After Reformation, _____ came into being.A. ChristianityB. CalvinismC. LutheranismD. Protestantism28. Which was NOT true about Durer?A, The leader of the Renaissance in Germany B, A master of woodcutC, Never being to Italy D, A follower of Martin Luther29. Father of modern astronomy is ____.A. Da VinciB. Amerigo VespucciC. Nicolaus CopernicusD. Marchiavelli30. Vasari was best known for his entertaining biographies of _____.A. FabricaB. PrinceC. the Divine ComedyD. Lives of the Artists31. _____’s theories have given rise to important developments of modern science, ranging from Freudian psychology to Einsteinian physics.A. Galileo GalileiB. Gottfried Wilhelm von LeibnizC. Sir Isaac NewtonD. Johannes Kepler32. In the first _____ , Locke flatly rejected the theory of divine right of kings.A. the Advancement of LearningB. the New AtlantisC. Essay Concerning human UnderstandingD. Treatise of Civil Government33. Thomas Hobbes’s _____ is one of the most celebrated political treatises in European literature.A. LeviathanB. the Advancement of LearningC. Essay Concerning human UnderstandingD. Treatise of Civil Government34. The theme of _____ is the fall of men.A. New MethodB. Treatise of Civil GovernmentC. Essay Concerning human UnderstandingD. Paradise Lost35. _____ was the best representative dramatist of French classical comedies.A. CorneilleB. RacineC. MolièreD. Descartes36. Which of the following artists helped to gring the Roman Baroque style to its climax?A. RubensB. BerniniC. BorrominiD. Caravaggio37. Whose doctrines of the separation of powers became one of the most important principles of the U.S.constitution? ______A. John LockeB. RousseauC. V oltaireD. Montesquieu38. In which of Diderot’s works, the author developed his materialist philosophy and fore-shadowed the doctrine of evolutions as later proposed by Charles Darwin? ______A. Philosophical ThoughtsB. Rameau’s NephewC. Elements of PhysiologyD. Encyclopedie39. _____ , novelist, is often called the founder of English domestic novel.A. Walter ScottB. Henry FieldingC. Samuel JohnsonD. Samuel Richardson40. Which of the Lessing’s works was a landmark in the 18th-century German drama? _____A. Minna Von BarnhelmB. LaocoonC. Hamburgische DramaturgieD. Nathan the Wise41. In _____ , Goethe draws on a immense variety of cultural material. It is not only his own masterpiece but the greatest work of German literature.A. the Sorrow of Young WertherB. FaustC. Wilhelm Meister’s TravelsD. Poetry and Truth42. Among Schiller’s works, _____ was a play best known to the Chinese audience.A. The RobbersB. WallensteinC. Cabal and LoveD. Wilhelm Tell43. Kant’s years of his philosophical studies are crystalized in three difficult books; among them ,_____ was the most important single book by any modern pholosopher.General History of Nature and Theory of the HeavensCritique of Practical ReasonC. Critiquue of JudgementD. Critique of Pure Reason44. It has been said that “ the world had waited centuries for _____ and he was only to remain here a momen t”.A. BeethovenB. HaydnC. MozartD. Bach45. Which of the following writers or poets is usually called the father of European historical novel? ______.A. GoetheB. Victor HugoC. Daniel DefoeD. Walter Scott46. In 1798, _______, a volume of poems by Wordsworth and Coleridge, made literary history.A. Songs of ExperienceB. Lyrical BalladsC. Isles of GreeceD. Ode to the West Wind47. Which of the following Romant ic writers ever fought for women’s freedom in love and marriage? _____A. George SandB. Victor HugoC. Daniel DefoeD. Henry Fielding48. ______ stood in the van of the Romantic movement in Russia, ______ is generally recognized as his masterpiece.A. Lermontov, A Hero of Our TimeB. Pushkin, Luslan and LiudmilaC. Pushkin, Boris GodunovD. Pushkin, Eugene Onegin49. The publication of Mickiewicz’s _____ is uaually taken as the beginning of Romantic ism in Polish literature.A. Sonnets from the CrimeaB. Konrad WallenrodC. Ballads and RamancesD. Pan Tadeusz50. Beethoven’s _____ is a choral symphony, choosing as a text for the finale Shiller’s Ode to Joy.A. Symphony No. 3B. Symphony No. 5C. Symphony No. 6D. Symphony No. 951. _____ sought to revolutionize the opera by making it a combination of the arts: dramatic, musical, and scenic.A. BerliozB. ChopinC. WagnerD. Verdi52. Based on _____ , Marx and Engels developed their own dialectical materialism.the German classical philosophy B. the English classical political economythe Utopian Socialism D. the Manifesto of the Communist Party53. Just as Darwin discovered the law of development of _____, so Marx discovered the law of development of _____.the survival of the fittest, the communist partythe natural selection, the scientific socialismorganic nature, human historyD. natural species, historical societies54. In 1858 Darwin received a letter from _____, who, working independently, also came to the conclusion concerning the origin of the species by means of natural selection.A. John Stevens HenslowB. Charles LyellC. Thomas HuxleyD. Alfred Russel Wallace55. Zola defined the theory of _____ and illustrated it in his great work entitled _____. naturalism, Les Rougen-Macquarts B. naturalism, Madame BovaryC. realism, the Human ComedyD. realism, the Charterhouse of Parma56. ____ was the first master of fiction in Russia to leave romantic conventions and go to life for his subjects.A. Nikolai GogolB. Ivan Sergeyevich TurgenevC. Fyodor DostoyevskyD. Count Leo Tolstoy57. _____ holds an important position in his own country’s cultural history as an ethical philosopher and religious reformer.A. Nikolai GogolB. Ivan Sergeyevich TurgenevC. Fyodor DostoyevskyD. Count Leo Tolstoy58. Amo ng Ibsen’s masterpieces, _____ is a plea for the emancipation of women.A. GhostsB. A Doll’s HouseC. the Wild DuckD. Hedda Gabler59. Among Charles Dickens’s works, _____ has the most intricate, complic ated plot.A. Oliver TwistB. Hard TimesC. David CopperfieldD. Bleak House60. _____, George Eliot’s masterpiece, is regarded by some critics as the finest English novel of the 19th century.A. MiddlemarchB. The Mill on the FlossC. Adam BedeD. Silas Marner61. The term “ impressionism” was taken directly from the title of _____ Impressionism: Sunrise (1872).A. Renoir’sB. Pissarro’sC. Manet’sD. Monet’s62. _____ was particularly good at doing portraits of ballet dancers in opera houses.A. RenoirB. DegasC. MonetD. Pissarro63. ______ reacted against impressionism by using color to suggest his own emoyion and temperament.A. Paul CézanneB. Paul GauguinC. Vincent van GoghD. Auguste Rodin64. In Freudian system, _____ is the container of the instrinctual urges.A. IdB. EgoC. SuperegoD. Oedipus Comlex65. T.S. Eliot’s long poem _____ is his major contibution to English poetry.the Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock B. Four QuartetsC. the Waste LandD. imagism66. _____ by James Joyce is considered his most mature work and the single best fiction ever written since the beginning of the 20th century.A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man B. DublinersC. Finnegans WakeD. Ulysses67. The term “ Angry Young Man” came to be widely used only after the publication of _____ play Look Back in Anger (1956).A. John Osborne’sB. Kingsley Amis’sC. Allen Ginsberg’sD. Jack Kerouac’s68. _____ poem Howl, written in 1956, was regardedas an important development in American poetry.A. John Osbor ne’sB. Kingsley Amis’sC. Allen Ginsberg’sD. Jack Kerouac’s69. _____ is known as the first “ cubist” novel: in his novels , one finds a precise, neutral description of things, registered with a camera’s eye.A. Samuel BeckettB. Nathalie SarrauteC. Jean-Paul SartreD. Alain Robbe-Grillet70. _____ masterpiece was a play called Waiting for Godot (1952), which was rememdered as one of the most famous Absurd Drama.A. Nathalie Sarraute’sB. Sam uel Beckett’sC. Jean-Paul Sartre’sD. Alain Robbe-Grillet’sII．Match the names of Column A with the appropriate items of Column B.Column A Column B1. Sophocles a. the founder of the inductive method2. Democritus b. Don Giovanni3. Virgil c. one of the earliest exponents of the atomic theory4. Thomas Aquinas d. a universal genius5. Da Vinci e. The Execution of the Third of May6. John Calvin f. Eugene Onegin7. Andreas Vesalius g. the Oedipus complex8. Giorgio Vasari h. The Aeneid9. Goya i. Fabrica10. Percy Bysshe Shelley j. Prometheus Unbound11. Alessandro Manzoni k. Critique of Pure Reason12. Aleksander Pushkin l. The Revolution of the Heavenly Orbs13. Immanuel Kant m. Encyclopédie14. Jean-Jacques Rousseau n. the first to use the term Renaissance15. RenéDescartes o. Institutes of the Christian Religion16. Francis Bacon p. the supreme figure in scholasticism17. Nicolaus Copernicus q. The Betrothed18. Jean Racin r. The Social Contract19. Diderot s. Phaèdra20. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart t. the founder of analytical geometry21. Euclid [ ] (a) Eugene Onegin22. da Vinci [ ] (b) Ten Commandments23. Galileo [ ] ( c ) the Cantos24. T.S. Eliot [ ] (d) Elements25. Milton [ (e) Moll Flanders26. Defoe [ ] (f) Last Supper27. Pushkin [ ] (g) The Waste Land28. Mozart [ ] (h) Paradise Lost29. Moses [ ] ( i) The Marriage of Figaro30. Ezra Pound [ ] (j) the Starry Messenger21. Charlemagne [ ] (a) author of "The Red and the Black"22. Raphael [ ] (b) Polish astronomer23. Virgil [ ] (c) Emperor of the Romans24. Copernicus [ ] (d) Dutch Baroque painter25. Cromwell [ ] (e) author of the painting of Madonna26. Rembrandt [ ] (f) Latin poet27. Handel [ ] g) author of the poem "London"28. William Blake [ ] (h) Ulysses29. Stendhal [ ] (i) leader of the English revolution30. James Joyce [ ] (j) composer of Messiah21. Plato [ ] (a) the Society of Jesus22. Dante [ ] (b) Socialism : Utopian and Scientific23. Ignatius [ ] (c) Dialogues24. Bacon [ ] (d) the mazurkas25. Engels [ ] e) The Counterfeiters26. James Joyce [ ] (f) Faust27. Shelley [ ] (g) the Divine Comedy28. Goethe [ ] (h) the Advancement of Learning29. Chopin [ ] (i) Ulysses30. Andre Gide [ ] (j) Prometheus Unbound1. Which of the following is not true about Aristotle?A. In Aristotle the great humanist and the great man of science meet.B. Aristotle founded the school of the Stoics.C. Aristotle was tutor of Alexander.D. Aristotle wrote many books on logic, politics, poetry, rhetoric and other subjects.2. Which of the following statements is true about the Roman Empire?A. The Roman Empire had never been divided.B. The Roman Empire was divided into East and West in 395 A. D.C. The Roman Empire was later called Byzantium.D. The Roman Empire was conquered by the Turks in the 15th century.3. The Bible has been regarded as __________.A. a religious bookB. literatureC. record of great mindsD. 'all of the above4. The Catholic Church should be characterized as__________.A. a loosely organized religious institutionB. a highly centralized European organizationC. a highly centralized and disciplined international organizationD. a highly centralized and disciplined western organization.5. The Crusades were wars between __________.A. the Arabs and the Christian PilgrimsB. the Turks and the Christians in Western EuropeC. the Christians in Western Europe and the MoslemsD. the Arabs and the Turks6. St. Thomas Aquinas defended in his works __________.A. feudal hierarchy of societyB. divine power of feudal rulersC. the Pope' s supremacy over secular rulersD. all of the above7. The motto Montaigne put down in the essays was __________.A. What do I know?B. I doubt therefore I think.C. Give me a place to stand, and I will move the world.D. Only to stand out of my light.8. Vasco da Gama was a Portuguese navigator who __________.A. discovered the Cape of Good HopeB. discovered the route to India round the Cape of Good HopeC. explored the mouth of the AmazonD. was the first to visit Cuba and Haiti9. Which of the following laws was discovered by Newton?A. l,aw of inertia.B. Law of falting bodies.C. Law of" relativity.D. Law of universal gravitation.10. In Locke' s political philosophy, the chief reason for the institution of civil government was __________.A. the protection of private propertyB. the upholding of free thinkingC. the abolishment of the rule of the churchD. regulation of economy11. Which of the following is" not true about the developments of the Industrial Revolution?A. The substitution of water power for human power.B. The introduction of machine.C. The beginning of the factory system.D. The growth of modem capitalism and the working class.12. "Man is born free, and everywhere he is in chains. "This is a remark made by __________.A. V oltaireB. RousseauC. DiderotD. Moliere13. In the works of __________.one can see the spirit of the Age of Reason.A. HandelB. HaydnC. BachD. Mozart14. The poem of Byron' s that was translated into Chinese at the turn of the 20th centuryA. Don JuanB. Defence of PoetryC. Ode to a NightingaleD. Isles of Greece15. Throughout his his, Beethoven struggled to pass on through his music __________.A. the spirit of the French RevolutionB. the spirit of Byronic heroesC. ideas of a moral natureD. the praise of natural beauty16. __________. is considered to be the poet of the piano.A. MozartB. ChopinC.SchubertD. Schumann17. Which of the following works was not written by Charles Dickens?A. A Tale of Two Cities.B. The Mayor of Casterbridge.C. David Copperfield.D. Pickwick Papers.18. The author of the short story The Necklace was __________.A. O' HenryB. Jack LondonC. Mark TwainD. Maupassant19. "The apparition of these faces in the crowd/Petals on a wet, black bough. "The author of these lines was __________.A. William FaulknerB. Ezra PoundC. T. S. EliotD. William Butler Yeats20. __________.was regarded as the greatest Russian literary figure of the 20th century.A. SholokhovB. TolstoyC. ChekhovD. Gorky第二部分非选择题In the following part there are two columns. The left hand column consists of a list of names. The right hand column consists of a list of rifles, names of organizations or works. Match each name in the left hand column with corresponding title or organization or work in the right hand column and put the number a or b or c etc. in the bracket on the answer sheet. ( 10 points, 1 point each)2l. Augustine ( ) (a) To the Lighthouse22. Aristotle ( ) (b) Ethics23. Shakespeare ( ) (c) Kubla Khan24. Mark Twain ( ) (d)A Hero of Our Time25. Titian ( ) (e) Othello26, Virginia Woolf ( ) (f) Meditations27. Newton ( ) (g) The Confession28. Coleridge ( ) (h) the Venus of Urbino29. Lermontov ( ) (i) Life on, the Mississippi30. Descartes ( ) ( j ) Mathematical Principles PhilosohyGive a one-sentence answer to each of the following questions. Write your answer in the corresponding space on the answer sheet. ( 20 points ,2 points each )31. What are the three styles in Greek architecture?32. What was Marcus Cicero noted for?33. What is the importance of the Middle Ages in terms of development of culture?34. Why was Jan Hus condemned to be burnt at stake?35. What is the theory put forward by Copernicus in his work "The Revolution of the Heavenly Orbs" ?36. What is Montesquieu' s redefinition of law?参考答案I. 1.B 2. B 3. D 4. C 5. C 6. D 7. A 8. B 9. D 10. A II.A 12. B 13. C 14. D15. C 16. B17. E 18. D 19. B 20. D11.21.8 22. b 23. e 24. i 25. h 26;a 27. j 28. e 29. d 30, fm. 31. Greek architecture can be grouped into three styles: the Doric style (or the masculine style), the Ionic style(or the feminine style),and the Corinthian style.32. Marcus Cicero was noted for his oratory and fine writing style.33. The fusion and blending of different ideas and practices in the Middle ages paved the way for the development of what iv the present-day European culture.34. Because Jan Hus attacked the abases of the church in his sermons and writings.35. The theory put forward by Copernicus is that the sun, not the earth is the centre of the universe.36. Montesquieu redefined law as the necessary relationships which derive from the nature of things.Write between 100 - 120 words on the following topic in the corresponding space on the answer sheet. (10 points)45. What are the distinctive features of Renaissance art?45. The Renaissance art has the following distinctive features:(1) Art broke away from the domination of the church. Artists who used to be craftsmen commissioned by the church to paint the design became a separate strata like writers and poets doing noble and creative work.(2)Themes of paintings changed from purely celestial realm focusing on the stories of the Bible ,of God Jesus and Mary to an appreciation of all aspects of nature and man. Even when the themes remained celestial, the heroes were given human qualities and given strong muscles and sinews Of man.(3) The artists studied the ruins of Roman and Greek temples and put many of the principles of ancient civilization into their works. They began to be supported by individual collectors. (4) Artists introduced in their works scientific theories of anatomy and perspective.。
欧洲文化入门 复习题
《欧洲文化入门》复习题（一）Division One: Greek Culture and Roman CultureGreek CultureI.填空1.European culture is made up of many elements, two of these elements are considered to bemore enduring and they are the Greco-Roman element and the Judeo-Christian element.2.Greek culture reached a high point of development in the 5th century.3.In the second half of the 4th century B. C., all Greece was brought under the rule of Alexander,king of Macedon.4.In 146 B. C. the Romans conquered Greece.5.Greek culture reached a high point of development in the 5th century.6.Revived in 1896, the Olympic Games have become the world’s foremost amateur sportscompetition.7.Ancient Greeks considered Homer to be the author of their epics.8.The Iliad deals with the alliance of the states of the southern mainland of Greece, led byAgamemnon in their war against the city of Troy.9.The Odyssey deals with the return of Odysseus after the Trojan war to his home, island ofIthaca.10.Of the many lyric poets of ancient Greece, two are still admired by readers today: Sapphoand Pindar.11.Sappho was considered the most important lyric poet of ancient Greece.12.Pindar is best known for his odes celebrating the victories at the athletic games, such as the14 Olympic odes.13.The three great tragic dramatists of ancient Greece are Aeschylus, Sophocles, and Euripides.14.Aeschylus wrote such plays as Prometheus Bound, Persians and Agamemnon.15.Sophocles wrote such tragic plays as Oedipus the King, Electra, and Antigone.16.Euripides wrote mainly about women in such plays as Andromache, Medea, and TrojanWomen.edy also flourished in the 5th century B. C.. Its best writer was Aristophanes, who hasleft eleven plays, including Frogs, Clouds, Wasps a nd Birds.tween Greeks and 18.Herodotus is often called “Father of History”. He wrote about the wars bePersians.19.Thucydides described the war between Athens and Sparta and between Athens and Syracuse,a Greek state on the Island of Sicily.20.Pythagoras was a bold thinker who had the idea that all things were numbers.21.Pythagoras was the founder of scientific mathematics.22.Heracleitue believed fire to the primary element of the universe, out of which everything elsehad arisen.23.The greatest names in European philosophy are Socrates, Plato and Aristotle.24.Democritus was one of the earliest philosophical materialists and speculated about the atomicstructure of matter.25.In the 4th century B. C., four schools of philosophers often argued with each other, they arethe Cynics, the Sceptics, the Epicureans, and the Stoics.26.Euclid is well-known for his Elements, a textbook of geometry.27.To illustrate the principle of the level, Archimedes is said to have told the king: “Give me aplace to stand, and I will move the world.”28.Greek architecture can be grouped into three styles: the Doric style which is also called themasculine style; the Ionic style which is also called the feminine style; and a later style that iscalled the Corinthian style.29.The Acropolis at Athens and the Parthenon are the finest monument of Greek architecture andsculpture in more than 2000 years.modernist30.In the 20th century, there are Homeric parallels in the Irishman James Joyce’smasterpiece Ulysses.II.选择1.Which culture reached a high point of development in the 5th century B. C.?A.Greek CultureB.Roman CultureC.Egyptian CultureD.Chinese Culture2.In ___________ the Roman conquered Greece.A.1200B.C.B.700 B.C.C.146 B. C.D.The 5th century3.Which of the following works described the war led by Agamemnon against the city of Troy?A.Oedipus the KingB.IliadC.OdysseyD.Antigone4.Which of the following is NOT the plays written by Aeschylus?A.AntigoneB.AgamemnonC.PersiansD.Prometheus Bound5.Which of the following is NOT the plays written by Sophocles?A.ElectraB.AntigoneC.Trojan WomanD.Oedipus the King6.Which of the following is the play written by Euripides?A.AntigoneB.PersiansC.ElectraD.Medea7.Which of the following is NOT the greatest tragic dramatist of ancient Greece?A.AristophanesB.EuripidesC.SophoclesD.Aeschylus8.Who ever said that “You can not step twice into the same river”？A.PythagorasB.HeracleitusC.Aristotle9.Who was the founder of scientific mathematics?A.HeracleitusB.AristotleC.SocratesD.Pythagorasthe measure of all things”？10.Who is chiefly noted for his doctrine that “man isA.ProtagorasB.PythagorasC.PyrrhonD.EpicurusIII.名词解释1.Aeschylus2.Plato3.The CynicsIV.简答与问答1.What are the major elements in European culture?2.What were the main features of ancient Greek society?3.Who were the outstanding dramatists of ancient Greece? What important plays did each of themwrite?4.Tell some of P lato’s ideas. Why do people call him an idealist?5.Give some examples to show the enormous influence of Greek culture on English literature.Roman CultureI. 填空1.The burning of Corinth in 146 B. C. marked Roman conquest of Greece, which was thenreduced to a province of the Roman Empire.2.The Roman writer Horace said: “Captive Greece took her rude conqueror captive”．3.In 27 B. C. Octavius took supreme power as emperor with the title of Augustus.4.The Romans enjoyed a long period of peace lasting two hundred years, a remarkablephenomenon in history known as the Pax Romana.5.In the 4th century, the emperor Constantine moved the capital from Rome to Byzantium,renamed it Constantinople ( modern Istanbul ).6.In 476 the last emperor of the west was deposed by the Coths and marked the end of the WestRoman Empire.7.The East Roman Empire collapsed when Constantinople fell to the Turks in 1453.8.Julius Caesar recorded what he did and saw in the various military campaigns he took part inand these writings, collected in his Commentaries, are models of succinct Latin.9.Virgil was the greatest of Latin poets and wrote the great epic, the Aeneid.10.The Pantheon is the greatest and the best preserved Roman temple, which was built in 27 B. C.And reconstructed in the 2th century A. D..11.She-wolf is the statue which illustrates the legend of creation of Roman.II.选择1.Who wrote, “I came, I saw, I conquered”？A.HoraceB.Julius CaesarC.VirgilD.Marcus Tullius Cicero2.The author of the philosophical poem On the Nature of things is ___________.A.VirgilB.Julius CaesarC.HoraceD.Lucretius3.Which of the following is not Roman architecture?A.The ColosseumB.The PanthenonC.The ParthenonD.Pont du Gard4.Who wrote, “Captive Greece took her rude conqueror captive”？A.SapphoB.PlatoC.VirgilD.HoraceIII.名词解释1.Julius Caesar2.The Pax RomanaIV.简答与问答1.What did the Romans have in common with the Greeks? And what was the chief differencebetween them?2.What is the book for which Virgil has been famous throughout the centuries? In what way is thebook linked with the Greek past?3.Why do we say Aeneas is a truly tragic hero?Division Two: The Bible and ChristianityThe Old TestamentⅠ填空题1.Among all the religions by which people seek to worship, Christianity is by far the mostinfluential in the West.2.Both Judaism and Christianity originated in Palestine the hub of migration and trade routes,which led to exchange of ideas over wide areas.3.Some 3800 years ago the ancestors of the Jews – the Hebrews – wandered through the desertsof the Middle East.4.About 1300 B.C., the Hebrews came to settle in Palestine, known as Canaan at that time, andformed small kingdoms.5.The king of the Hebrews was handed down orally from one generation to another in the formof folktales and stories, which were recorded later in the Old Testament.6.The Bible is a collection of religious writings comprising two parts: the Old Testament and theNew Testament.7.The old Testament consists of 39 books, the oldest and most important of which are first fivebooks, called Pentateuch.8.When the Hebrews left the desert and entered the mountainous Sinai, Moses climbed to thetop of the mountain to receive from God message, which came to be known as the Ten Commandments.9.Chronologically Amos is the earliest prophet in the Old Testament.10.In Babylon in the 6th century B.C., the Hebrews, now known as Jews, formed synagogues topractise their religion.II 选择题1.Which of the following is by far the most influential in the West?_______A. BuddismB. IslamismC. ChristianityD. Judaism2.The Old Testament consists of 39 books, the oldest and most important of which are the firstfive books, called __________.A. ExodusB. CommandmentsC. AmosD. Pentaeuch3.Which of the following is NOT the content of the Ten Commandments?_______A.Honour your father and your motherB.Do not commit suicideC.Do not desire your neighbour’s wifeD.Do not take the name of God in vain4.When in Babylon the Hebrews formed synagogues to practise their religion? ______A. in 169B.C. B. in the 4th centuryC. in 76 B.C.D. in the 6th centuryⅢ名词解释1.the Bible2.the Pentateuch3.Ten CommandmentsⅣ简答与问答1.What was the Hebrews major contribution to world civilization?2.Why do we say Judaism and Christianity are closely related?3.What are the Ten Commandments about?Rise of ChristianityⅠ填空题1.At the age of 30, Jesus received the baptism at the hands of John Baptist.2.Jesus spent most of his life in Galilee, where he apparently made a sensation.3.Jesus of Nazareth lived in Palestine during the reign of the first Roman Emperor Augustus.4.Jesus went with his disciples to Jerusalem for the Passover, but was betrayed by Juda.5.In 313 the Edict of Milan was issued by Constantine I and granted religious freedom to all andmade Christianity legal.6.In 392 A.D, Emperor Theodosius made Christianity the official religions of the empire andoutlawed all other religions.7.After Jesus died, St. Peter and St. Paul led the disciples of Jesus to spread gospel in theMediterranean regions.Ⅱ选择题1.After the _______ century Nestorianism reached China.A. sixthB. fifthC. secondD. third2.Which of the following emperors made Christianity the official religion of the empire andoutlawed all other religions? __________A. TheodosiusB. AugustusC. Constantine ID. Nero Caesar3.Which of the following emperors issued the Edict of Milan and made Christianity legal in 313?__________A. AugustusB. ThedosiusC. NeroD. Constantine I4.At the age of 30, Jesus Christ received the baptism at the hands of _________.A. St. PeterB. St. PaulC. John BaptistD. John WycliffⅢ名词解释1.The Edict of MilanⅣ简答与问答1.How did the relations between Christians and the Roman government change?The New TestamentⅠ填空题1.By 300 A.D. each local church was called a parish and had a full time leader known as priest.2.Towards the end of he fourth century four accounts were accepted as part of the NewTestament, which tells the beginning of Christianity.mother Mary was espoused to Joseph, before they came together, she was 3.When as Jesus’ found with child of the Holy Ghost4.Jesus went with his disciples to Jerusalem for the Passover, but was betrayed by Juda andcaught at the Last Supper.Translations of the BibleⅠ填空题1.Except a few passages in the related Armaic dialect the Old Testament was originally writtenin Hebrew. And the New Testament was originally written in a popular form of Greek.2.The oldest extant Greek translation of the Old Testament is known as the Septuagint, asaccording the fictional letter of Aristeas, it was translated by 72 translators in 72 days.3.The most ancient extant Latin version of the whole Bible is the Vulgate edition, which wasnguage.done in 384 –405 A.D. by St. Jerome in common people’s la4.The first English version of whole Bible was translated from the Latin Vulgate in 1382 andwas copied out by hand by the early group of reformers led by John Wycliff.5.The most important and influential of English Bible is the “Authorized” o r King James’ version, first published in 1611.Ⅱ选择题1.By 1693, the whole of the Bible had been translated in _________languages.A. 228B. 974C. 1202D. 1542.The oldest extant Greek translation of the Old Testament is known as ________.A. the Latin VulgateB. the AristeasC. the “Authorized”D. the Septuagint3.When printing was invented in the 1500’s, the _______ Bible was the first complete workprinted.A. EnglishB. LatinC. AramaicD. Hebrew4.When did the standard American edition of the Revised Version appear? _______A. 1885B. 1611C. 1901D. 1979Division Three: The Middle AgesManor and ChurchⅠ填空题1.In European history, the thousand year period following the fall of the West Roman Empire inthe fifth century is called the Middle Ages.2.Between the fifth and eleventh centuries, West Europe was the scene of frequent wars andinvasions.3.The Middle Age is a period in which classical, Hebrew and Gothic heritage merged.4.Feudalism in Europe was mainly a system of land holding –a system of holding land inexchange for military service.5.In 732 Charles Martel, a Frankish ruler gave his soldiers estates known as fiefs as a reward fortheir service.6.The center of medieval life under feudalism was the manor.7.By the 12th century manor houses came to be called castle, which were made of stone anddesigned as fortress.8.As a knight, he was pledged to protect the weak, to fight for the church, to be loyal to his lordand to respect women of noble birth. These rules were known as code of chivalry, from whichthe western idea of good manners developed.9.In the medieval days a knight was trained for war by fighting each other in mock batterscalled tournaments.10.After 1054, the Church was divided into the Roman Catholic Church and the EasternOrthodox Church.11.The most important of all the leaders of Christian thought was Augustine of Hippo who livedin North Africa in the fifth century.12.Under feudalism, people of western Europe were mainly divided into three classes: clergy,lords and peasants.13.The Pope not only ruled Roman and parts of Italy as a king, he was also the head of allChristian churches in western Europe.14.In the Medieval times the Church set up a church court –the Inquisition to stamp outso-called heresy.15.One of the most important sacraments was Holy Communion, which was to remind peoplethat Christ had died to redeem man.16.To express their religious feelings, many people in the Middle Ages went on journeys tosacred places where early Christian leaders had lived. The most important of all was Jerusalem.17.With a return attack against the Moslems, the Western Christians launched a series of holywars called the Crusades.Ⅱ选择题1.In the later part of the 4th century, which of the following tribes swept into Europe fromcentral Asia, robbing and killing a large numbers of the half civilized Germanic tribes?________A. the MongoliansB. the HunsC. the TurkishD. the Syrians2.The Middle Ages is also called the _________.A. “Age of Christianity”B. “Age of Literature”C. “Age of Holy Spirit”D. “Age of Faith”3.According to the code of chivalry, which of the following is not pledged to do for a knight?_______A. To be loyal to his lordB. To fight for the churchC. To obey without question the orders of the abbotD. To respect women of noble birth4.In 732, who gave his soldiers estates known as fiefs as a reward for their service? _________A. Charles Martel, a Frankish rulerB. Charles I, a Turkish rulerC. Constantine I, a Frankish rulerD. St. Benedict, a Italian ruler5.When was the Church divided into the Roman Catholic Church and Eastern OrthodoxChurch?_________A. after 1066B. after 1296C. after 1054D. after 4766.Which of the following about the knight or noble in the Middle Ages in Western Europe isNOT true?____________A.Almost all nobles were knights in the Medieval days.B. A noble began his education as a page at the age of seven.C.As a knight, he was pledged to fight for the church.D.At about fourteen, the page became a knight.7.When was a noble crowned as a knight in the Middle Ages in Western Europe? _______A.At the age of 14.B.When he was taught to say his prayers, learned good manners and ran errands for theladies.C.At a special ceremony known as dubbing.D.When he was pledged to fight for the church.8.Which of the following is NOT true about what the monks must do before entering themonastery according to the Benedictine Rule?A.They had to attend service 6 times during the day and once at midnight.B.They could promise to give up all their possession before entering the monastery.C.They were expected to work 5 hours a day in the fields surrounding the monastery.D.They had to obey without question the orders of the abbot.9.Under feudalism, what were the three classes of people of western Europe?________A. clergy, knights and serfsB. Pope, bishop and peasantsC. clergy, lords and peasantsD. knights, nobles and serfs10.By which year the Moslems had taken over the last Christian stronghold and won the crusadesand ruled all the territory in Palestine that the crusaders had fought to control? ________A. 1270B. 1254C. 1096D. 1291Ⅲ名词解释1.the Middle Ages2.Manor3.Code of Chivalry4.Benedictine Rule5.the CrusadesⅣ简答与问答1.Who was Charles Martel?2.What was the difference between a serf and a free man?3.Into what three groups were people divided under feudalism?4.What happened in Western Europe after the decline of the Roman Empire?Learning and Science, Literature, Art and ArchitectureⅠ填空题1.Charlemagne, who temporarily restored order in western and central Europe, was perhaps themost important figure of the medieval period.Emperor of the Romans” by the Pope in 800.2.Charlemagne w as crowed “3.The Summa Theologica by St. Thomas Aquinas forms an enormous system and sums up allthe knowledge of medieval theology.4.Roger Bacon was one of the earliest advocates of Scientific research and called for carefulobservation and experimentation.vernacular languages – that is, the languages of 5.“National epic” refers to the epic written invarious national states that came into being in the Middle Ages.6.Beowulf is an Anglo-Sexon epic, in alliterative verse, originating from the collective efforts oforal literature.7.Dante Alighieri was the greatest poet of Italy, his masterpiece, The Divine Comedy, is one ofthe landmarks of world literature.8.Chaucer was a great English poet, The Canterbury Tales were his most popular work for theirpower of observation, piercing irony, sense of humor and warm humanity.9.Chaucer writers in dialect used by Londoners, and by the sheer weight and popularity of hiswritings he sets it firmly on the way towards Modern English.10.The style of architecture under Romanesque art is characterized by massiveness, solidity andmonumentality with all overall blocky appearance.11.The Gothic style started in France and quickly spread through all parts of western Europe.Ⅱ选择题1.Which of the follo wing was crowned “Emperor of the Romans” by the Pope in 800? ______A. St. Thomas AquinasB. CharlemagneC. ConstantineD. King James2.Who was the ruler of the Anglo-Saxon kingdom of Wessex and contributed greatly to themedieval European culture? _________A. Charles IB. Constantine IC. Alfred the GreatD. Charles the Great3.Does Song of Roland belong to which country’s epic? _________A. EnglishB. GermanicC. HebrewD. French4.Who is the author of the Opus Maius? ________A. Roger BaconB. Dante AlighieriC. ChaucerD. St. Thomas AquinasⅢ名词解释1.Carolingian Renaissance2.Beowulf3.Song of Roland4.The Canterbury tales5.Romanesque6.GothicⅣ简答与问答1.What was the merit which Charlemagne and Alfred the Great share?Division IV: Renaissance and ReformationRenaissance in ItalyⅠ填空题1.Generally speaking, Renaissance refers to the period between the 14th and mid 17th century.2.Humanism is the essence of the Renaissance.3.In essence, Renaissance was a historical period in which the European humanist thinkers andscholars made attempts to get rid of conservatism in feudalist Europe and introduce new ideasthat expressed the interests of bourgeoisie, to lift the restrictions in all areas placed by theRoman Church authorities.4.Renaissance started in Florence and Venice with the flowering of paintings, sculpture andarchitecture.5.Beginning from the 11th century, cities began to rise in central and north Italy.6.Decameron is a collection of 100 tales told by 7 young ladies and 3 younger gentlemen ontheir way to escape the Black Death of 1348.7.Petrach was best known for Canzoniers, a book of lyrical songs written in his Italian dialect.8.The Renaissance artists introduced in their works scientific theories of anatomy andperspective.9.The four representative artists of High Renaissance in Italy are Leonardo da Vinci,michelangelo, Raphael and Titian.Last Supper is the most famous of religious pictures; Mona 10.Loenardo da Vinci’s major works:Lisa probably is the world’s most famous portrait.11.Michelangelo created a style of art in which he freed himself from the old tradition ofdecoration on the one hand and documentary realism on the other.painting is acknowledged to have established oil colour on canvas as the typical 12.Titian’smedium of the pictorial tradition in western art.13.In world trade, Italy had lost its supremacy because of the discovery of America in 1492 andthe rounding of the Cape of Good Hope in 1488, the opening of an all-water route to Indiawhich provided a cheaper means of transport.14.Petrach is looked up as the father of modern poetry.15.Italy is regarded as the birthplace of the Renaissance.Ⅱ选择题1.Where did the Renaissance start with the flowering of paintings, sculpture and architecture?_______A. in Greece and RomeB. in Florence and VeniceC. in Milan and FlorenceD. in Italy and Germany2.When did the Renaissance reach its height with its center moving to Milan, then to Rome, andcreated High Renaissance? ___________A. in the 11th centuryB. in the 15th centuryC. in the 16th centuryD. in the 17th century3.Which of the following works is written by Boccaccio? _______A. DecameronB. CanzoniersC. DavidD. Moses4.Who is the author of the painting, Betrayal of Judas? ________A. GiottoB. BrunelleschiC. DonatelloD. Giorgione5.Which of the following High Renaissance artists is the father of the modern mode of painting?_______A. RaphaelB. TitianC. da VinciD. Michelangelo6.Which of the following High Renaissance artists was best known for his Madona (VirginMary)?A. TitianB. da VinciC. MichelangeloD. Raphael7.Which of the following paintings was based on the story in the Bible with Maria riding on adonkey ready to face the hardship ahead? ________A. TempestaB. Sacred and Profane LoveC. Flight into EgyptD. The Return of the HuntersⅢ名词解释1.Renaissance2.DecameronⅣ简答与问答1.What made Italy the birthplace of the Renaissance?2.What are the main elements of humanism? How are these elements reflected in art andliterature during the Italian Renaissance?3.How did Italian Renaissance art and architecture break away from medieval tradition?4.In what way was Leonardo da Vinci important during the Renaissance?Reformation and Counter-ReformationⅠ填空题1.The Reformation led by Martin Luther which swept over the whole of Europe was aimed atopposing the absolute authority of the Roman Catholic Church and replacing it with theabsolute authority of the Bible.2.Martin Luther was the German leader of the Protestant Reformation. His doctrine marked thefirst break in the unity of the Catholic Church.3.When the Pope refused to recognized Henry’s marriage with Anne Boleyn, British Parliament,in 1534, passed the Act of Supremacy which marked the formal break of the British with thePapal authorities.4.Ignatius and his followers called themselves the Jesuits, members of the Society of Jesus.5.John Calvin put his theological thoughts in his Institutes of the Christian Religion, which wasconsidered one of the most influential theological works of all times.Ⅱ选择题1.Who took up the translation of the Bible into English for the first time? ________A. Jan HusB. John WyliffC. Martin LutherD. John Calvin2.Who is the author Institutes of the Christian Religion?A. John WycliffB. Jan HusC. John CalvinD.Erasmus3.In whose reign did the formal break of the British with the papal authorities take place?____A. Elizabeth IB. William IC. Edward IIID. Henry VIII4.After the formal break of the British with the papal authorities, who was the head of the church?_______A. KingB. PopeC. BishopD. QueenⅢ名词解释1.Calvinism2.the Council of Trent3.Counter-ReformationⅣ简答与问答1.What are the doctrines of Martin Luther?2.What was the significance of the Reformation in European civilization?Renaissance in other CountriesⅠ填空题1.The Protestant group in France was known as the Huguenots whose rivalry with the CatholicChurch led to the wars of religion from 1562 to 1598.2.In 1492 the Moors that had ruled Spain for four centuries were driven out from their laststronghold.3.In 1492 Columbus discovered American and claimed America for Spain.4.The author of Don Quixote is Cervantes.5.Albrecht Dürer was the leader of the Renaissance in Germany. His engravings areunsurpassed and his paintings of animals and plants are exceedingly sensitive.6.Under the reign of Elizabeth I, England began to embark on the road to colonization andforeign control that was to take it onto its heyday of capitalist development.7.Thomas More was a great humanist during the Renaissance. Among his writings the bestknown is Utopia.8.Cervantes crowned literature of Spain and Shakespeare of England during the Renaissance.Ⅱ选择题1.Which of the following works was written by Rabelais, in which he praises the greatness ofman, expresses his love of love and his reverence and sympathy for humanist learning?_______A.Gargantua and PantagruelB. Don QuixoteC. The Praise of FollyD. Utopia2.Whose motto put down in his essays “What do Know” is world famous?________A. CervantesB. RabelaisC. MontaigneD. Shakespearehumanist ideas and a style 3.Which of the following works is worth reading for Montaigne’ｓwhich is easy and familiar? ________A. SonnetsB. DecameronC. RabelaisD. Of Repentance4.Which of the following is NOT French writer poet? _______A. CervantesB. Pierre de RonsardC. RabelaisD. Montaigne5.In 1516 who published the first Greek edition of the New Testament?_________A. BruegelB. ErasmusC. El GrecoD. Rabelais6.“To be, or not to be, -- that is the question ” from whose works? _______A. ChaucerB. DanteC. Roger BaconD. ShakespeareⅢ简答与问答1.Why did England come later than other countries during the Renaissance? In what way wasEnglish Renaissance different from that of other countries? Who were the major figures and what were their contributions?Science and Technology during the RenaissanceⅠ填空题1.The Renaissance was the golden age of geographical discoveries: by the year of 1600 thesurface of the known earth was doubled.。
欧洲文化试卷C答案
《欧洲文化入门》试卷（C卷）答案I.每题3分，共30分。
1.Iliad，Odyssey2. Socrates, Plato, Aristotle3．t he Old Testament, the New Testament4．W ordsworth, Coleridge5. ImpressionismII. 每空3分，共30分。
TFTFT FTFTFIII. 共10分。
1. Iliad is one of the two ancient Greek epics that have survived, the other being Odyssey. (1分) The author is considered to be Homer. (1分)They are not about events of Homer’s own time, but about great men and wars of a remoter age, probably in the period 1200—1100B. C. (2分)2. The Iliad deals with the alliance of the states of the southern mainland of Greece, led by Agamemmon in their war against the city of Troy. (2分)The heroes are Hector on the Trojan side and Achilles and Odyssysseus on the Greek. (2分)In the final battle, Hector was killed by Achilles and Troy was sacked and burned by the Greeks. (2分) IV.共20分.1. Renaissance as a period in western civilization may be explained differently.(1分) But generally speaking, it refers to the period between 14th and mid 17th century. (1分) Renaissance started in Florence and Venice with the flourishing of paintings, sculpture and architecture. (2分) From Italy the movement went to embrace the rest of Europe. (1分) In different countries, however, the movement occurred in different periods with different emphasis. (2分) Where the impact with Italy was most strongly felt in fine arts, in France it was literature and in England it was philosophy and drama. (2分)2. The word “Renaissance”means revival, specifically in this period of history, revival of interest in ancient Greek and Roman culture. (2分) Renaissance, therefore, in essence, was a historical period in which the European humanist thinkers and scholars made attempts to get rid of conservatism in feudalist Europe (2分) andintroduce new ideas that expressed the interests of the rising bourgeoisie, (2分) to lift the restrictions in all areas placed by the Roman church authorities. (2分)3. The Renaissance created a culture which freed man to discover and enjoy the world in a way not possible under the medieval Church’s dispensation. (2分) In this release lay the way of development of the modern world. (1分)V. 共10分。
(完整版)自考《欧洲文化入门试卷及答案练习题》
课程《欧洲文化入门》考试时间 120 分钟日期年月日姓名学号学院班级Ⅰ.Read the following unfinished statements or questionas carefully. For each unfinished statement or question, four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D are given. Choose the one that you think best completes the statement or answers the question. Write the letter of the answer you have choosen in the corresponding spcae on the answer sheet. (40 points, 2 point for each)1.———— was the founder of scientific mathematics.A. PythagorasB. DemocritusC. AristotleD. Diogenes2. Which of the following figures was regarded as “the master of those who know”byDante?A. PlatoB. SocratesC. AristotleD. Cicero3.________ was called “the greatest historian that ever lived”by Macaulay.A. ThucydidesB. HerodotusC. SocratesD. Aristotle4. The first king to unite the Hebrews was a warrior-famer name________ .A. MosesB. JoshuaC. SaulD. David5. Who issued the Edict of Milan in 313,whick granted religious freedom to all and madeChristianity legal?A. DomitianB. ValerianC. ConstantineD. Theodosius6. The ancestors of the Jews are called Hebrews which mean ________ .A. wanderersB. travelersC. tradersD. merchants7. In the latter part of the fourth century the ________ swept into Europe from centralAsia.A. TurkishB. HunsC. AthensD. Roman8. Apart from being a place of worship, the ________ was a place for recreation and thecenter of trade and community activity.A. bridgeB. church buildingC. villageD. subway9. For two centuries beginning from the late fifteenth century,________ was the goldencity which gave birth to a whole generation of poets, scholars,artists and sculptors.A. MilanB. FlorenceC. VeniceD. the papal states10. which of the following figures knows “how to make beauty yield meaning and meaningyield beauty”?.A. BoccaccioB. ShakespeareC. RaphaelD. Petrarch11. ________ is recognized as the father of the modern European novel and has had greatimpact on world literature.A. Don QuixoteB. hamletC. Gargantua and PantagruelD. Utopia12. The English poet Alexander Pope once wrote:Nature and Nature’laws lay hid innight.God said, “let________ be”, and all was light.A. CopernicusB. KeplerC. NewtonD. Einstein13. It is generally believed that modern philosophy begins with Francis Bacon in Englandand with ________ in France.A. CorneilleB. LockeC. RousseauD. Descartes14. The great contribution of St.Jerome was ________.A. the building of monasteriesB. the translation of Old and New Testaments into LatinC. the setting up of the church systemD. none of the above15. Which of the following is not true about Dante?A. Dante was a great Italian poet.B. Dante wrote BeowulfC. Dante wrote his masterpiece in ItalianD. Dante was a great political thinker16. Scientists in the 17th century,such ans Galileo and Newton,attached great importanceto ________ .A. deductive reasoningB. classical authorityC. direct observation and experimentD. humanist learning17. Which of the following is not true about Aristotle?A. In Aristotle the great humanist and the great man of science meet.B. Aristotle founded the school of the Stoics.C. Aristotle was tutor of Alexander.D. Aristotle wrote many books on logic,politics, poetry, rhetoric and other subjects.18. ________ believed that the highest good in life was pleasure, freedom from pain andemotional upheaval. .A. SophistsB. CynicsC. ScepticsD. Epicureans19. ________ is said to have told the king of Syracuse: “Give me a place to stand, andI will move the world.”A. ArchimedesB. AristotleC. PlatoD. Euclid20. In The Revolution of the Heavenly Orbs,________ put forward his theory that the sun,not the earth, is the center of the universe.A. KeplerB. GalileoC. NewtonD. CopernicusⅡ.In the following part there are two columns.The left hand column consists of a list of names. The right hand column consists of a list of titles, names of organizations,works or remarks in the right hand column and put the number a or b or c etc. in the bracket on the test paper.(10 points, 1 point each)21.St.Jerome [ ] (a)Latin version of Bible22.Dante [ ] (b)The City of God23.Aristophanes [ ] (c)The Canterbury Tales24.Virgil [ ] (d)Aeneid25.Constantine [ ] (e)Last Supper26.Augustine [ ] (f)Virgin Mary27.Chaucer [ ] (g)Edict of Milan28.Leonardo da Vinci [ ] (h)Frogs29.Raphael [ ] (i)The Divine Comedy30.Homer [ ] (j)OdysseyⅢ.Give a one-sentence answer to each of the following question. Write your answer in the corresponding space on the test paper.(20 points, 2 points each)31.Among many elements which constitute European culture, what are the two major ones?32.What are the four schools of philosophers who often argued with each other in the4th century B.C.in Greece?33.What gave birth to Christianity?34.What does the Old Testament mainly deal with?35.What classes were the people of weatern Europe under feudalism mainly divided into?36.Why did the Crusades go on about 200 years? the two men who made great efforts to promote learning in the Middle Ages.38.Which period does Renaissance refer to in the European history?39.List tow most famous pictures painted by Leonardo da Vinci.40.Who established oil colour on canvas as the typical medium of the pictorial traditionin western art?IV.Explain each of the following terms in English. Write your answer in the corresponding space on the test paper in around 40 words.(20 points, 5points each)41.Athens’democrach42.Beowulf43.John Locke44.OdysseyV.Write Between 100-120 Words on the following topic in the corresponding space on the test paper.(10 points)45.What is Baconian philosophical system and the different between inductie method (推理法)and deductive method(演绎法)?课程《欧洲文化入门》答案Ⅰ.1-10: A, C, A, C, C, A, B, B, B, D11-20: A, C, D, B, B, C, B, D, A, DⅡ. 21a,22i,23h,24d,25g,26b,27c,28e,29f,30jⅢ.31.The major elements are the Greco-Roman element and the Judeo-Christian element.32.The four schools of philosophers are Cynics,the Sceptics,the Epicureans and theStoics.33.It was the Jewish tradition that gave birth to Christianity.34.The Old Testment is about God and the Laws of God.35.people of western Europe under feudalism were mainly divided into threeclasses:clergy,lords and peasants.36.In 1071 the armies of the Turkish Moslems occupied Palestine, killing many Christainpilgrims and even selling many others as slaves, which roused great indignation among Christains in western Europe and resulted in the crusades lasting on about 200 years.37.They are Charlemagne and Alfred the Great.38.Renaissance refers to the period between the 14th and mid 17th century.39.Mona Lisa and Last Supper are Leonardo da Vinci’s most famous pictures.40.It was the great Venetian painter Titian.IV41.Athens was a democracy. Democracy means “exercise of power by the whole people”,butby“the whole people”the Greeks meant only the adult male citizens, and citizenship was a set of rights which a man inherited from his father.42.Beowulf is an Anglo-Saxon epic, in alliterative verse, originating from thecollective efforts of oral literature. The story is set in Denmard of Sweden and tells how the hero, Beowulf, defeats the monster Grendel and Grendel’s mother, a sea monster,but eventually receives his own death in fighting with a fire dragon.43.John Locke was a great English empiricist and an outstanding political philosopher,whose writing on economics, politics and religion expressed the ideas of the time.44.Odyssey deals with the return of Odysseus after the Trojan war to his home islandof Ithaca. It describes many adventures he ran into on his long sea voyage and how finally he was reunited with his faithful wife Penelope.V.45.The answer as follows:1.The whole basis of his philosophy was practical: to give mankind mastery over theforces of nature by means of scientific discoveries and inventions.2.He held that philosophy should be kept separate from theology, not intimately beblended with is as in Scholasticism.3.Bacon established the inductive method. Induction means reasoning from particularfacts or individual cases to a general conclusion. Deductive method emphasized reasoning from a known principle to the unknown and from the general to the specific.4.In a word, to break with the past, and to restore man to his lost mastery of naturalworld. This was what Bacon called the Great Instauration.。
欧洲文化入门试题及答案
欧洲文化入门试题及答案（0174）《欧洲文化入门》复习思考题I. Choose the most appropriate one for the following blanks.1. Two major elements in European culture are ____.A. the Greek and RomanB. the Judaism and ChristianityC. the Greco-RomanD. A and B2. ____ deals with the Trojan War (the Greek states led by Agamemnon in their war against the city of Troy ).A. The OdysseyB. The IliadC. Prometheus BoundD. Persians3. The play Prometheus Bound was written by _____.A. AeschylusB. AristophanesC. EuripidesD. Sophocles4. The best writer of comedy of the ancient Greece was ____ , who is Father of Comedy.A. EuripidesB. AristophanesC. SophoclesD. Aeschylus5. ____ was one of the earliest exponents of the atomic theory.A. HomeB. HeracleitueC. DemocritusD. Socrates6, ____by Plato is a book about the ideal state ruled by a philosopher but barring poets.A. DialoguesB. The ApologyC. The RepublicD. Symposium7. Dante called ____ “ the master of those who know”.A, Aristotle B. Plato C. Socrates D. Archimedes 8. Euclid is even now well-known for his ____.A. ElementsB. PoeticsC. EthicsD. Politics9. ____ has been a big subject for discussion among writers and artists.A, Discus Thrower B, Venus de MiloC, Laocoon group D, Parthenon10. Herodotus , Father of History, wrote about the war between ____ .A. Athens and SpartaB. Athens and SyracuseC. Athens and PersiansD. Greeks and Persians11. It is _____ who was the founder of scientific mathematics.A. HeracleitusB. AristotleC. SocratesD. Pythagorastook supreme power as emperor with the title of ____ in 27 B.C..Rome B. Augustus C. The Roman Empire D. Pax Romana13. The great epic, The Aeneid, was written by _____.A. LucretiusB. VirgilC. Julius CaesarD. Cicero14. The oldest and most important of the Old Testament of 39 books are the firstfive books, called ____.A. DeuteronomyB. ExodusC. the PentateuchD. Genesis15. In ____ the Jews were carried away into the Babylonian Captivity(巴比伦之囚).A. 169B.C. B. 586 B. C. C. 536 B. C. D, 721 .16. The most important and influential of English Bible is ____, first publishedin 1611.A. The SeptuagintB. The VulgateC. Wycliff’s versionD. Authorized version17. ____ is the oldest extant Greek translation of the Old Testament.A. The SeptuagintB. The VulgateC. Wycliff’s versionD. Authorized version18. It is generally accepted that ____ and Shakespeare are two great reserviors of Modern English.A. the BibleB. the English BibleC. the New TestamentD. the Old Testament19. The Middle Ages is a period in which _____ , _____ and Gothic heritages merged.A. Greco-Roman, ChristianityB. classical, ChristianC. Greek, RomanD. classical, Hebrew20. The centre of medieval life under feudalism was _____.A. knighthoodB. the manorC. the ChurchD. polis21. In 1054, the Christian Church was divided into ____ and the Eastern Orthodox Church.A. ChristianityB. the Roman ChurchC. the Roman Catholic ChurchD. the Western Catholic22. _____ by Aquinas forms an enormous system and sums up all the knowledge of medieval theology.A. Summa TheologicaB. Summa Contra GentilesC. Opus maiusD. Beowulf23. The Anglo-Saxon epic ____ originated from the collective effort of oral literature.A. Song of RolandB. the Anglo-Saxon Chronicles.C. BeowulfD. the Divine Comedy24. Generally speaking, Renaissance refers to the period between ____.A. the 13th and 15th centuriesB. the 14th and mid-17th centuryC. the 15th and 16th centuriesD. the 14th and 16th centuries25. ____ is the essence of the Renaissance.The revival of interest in ancient Greek and Roman culture Attempts to get rid of conservatismThe flowering of paintings, sculpture and architectureHumanism26. Fracesco Petrarch, the author of ____, is known as Father of Humanism.A. the DecameronC. DavidD. Sleeping Venus27. After Reformation, _____ came into being.A. ChristianityB. CalvinismC. LutheranismD. Protestantism28. Which was NOT true about DurerA, The leader of the Renaissance in Germany B, A master ofwoodcutC, Never being to Italy D, A follower of Martin Luther29. Father of modern astronomy is ____.A. Da VinciB. Amerigo VespucciC. Nicolaus CopernicusD. Marchiavelli30. Vasari was best known for his entertaining biographies of _____.A. FabricaB. PrinceC. the Divine ComedyD. Lives of the Artists31. _____’s theories have given rise to important developments of modern science, ranging from Freudian psychology to Einsteinian physics.A. Galileo GalileiB. Gottfried Wilhelm von LeibnizC. Sir Isaac NewtonD. Johannes Kepler32. In the first _____ , Locke flatly rejected the theory of divine right of kings.A. the Advancement of LearningB. the New AtlantisC. Essay Concerning human UnderstandingD. Treatise of Civil Government33. Thomas Hobbes’s _____ is one of the most celebrated political treatises in European literature.A. LeviathanB. the Advancement of LearningC. Essay Concerning human UnderstandingD. Treatise of Civil Government34. The theme of _____ is the fall of men.A. New MethodB. Treatise of Civil GovernmentC. Essay Concerning human UnderstandingD. Paradise Lost35. _____ was the best representative dramatist of French classical comedies.A. CorneilleB. RacineC. MolièreD. Descartes36. Which of the following artists helped to gring the Roman Baroque style to its climaxA. RubensB. BerniniC. BorrominiD. Caravaggio37. Whose doctrines of the separation of powers became one of the most important principles of the ______A. John LockeB. RousseauC. VoltaireD. Montesquieu38. In which of Diderot’s works, the auth or developed his materialist philosophy and fore-shadowed the doctrine of evolutions as later proposed by Charles Darwin ______A. Philosophical ThoughtsB. Rameau’s N ephewC. Elements of PhysiologyD. Encyclopedie39. _____ , novelist, is often called the founder of English domestic novel.A. Walter ScottB. Henry FieldingC. Samuel JohnsonD. Samuel Richardson40. Which of the Lessing’s works was a landmark in the 18th-century German drama _____A. Minna Von BarnhelmB. LaocoonC. Hamburgische DramaturgieD. Nathan the Wise41. In _____ , Goethe draws on a immense variety of cultural material. It is not only his own masterpiece but the greatest work of German literature.A. the Sorrow of Young WertherB. FaustC. Wilhelm Meister’s TravelsD. Poetry and Truth42. Among Schiller’s works, _____ was a play best known to the Chinese audience.A. The RobbersB. WallensteinC. Cabal and LoveD. Wilhelm Tell43. Kant’s years of his philosophical studies are crystalized in three difficult books; among them ,_____ was the most important single book by any modern pholosopher.General History of Nature and Theory of the HeavensCritique of Practical ReasonC. Critiquue of JudgementD. Critique of Pure Reason44. It has been said that “ the world had waited centuries for _____ and he was only to remain here a moment”.。
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2015春欧洲文化入门选择题欧洲文化入门选择题1( Which one of the following statements about “Jacques rebellion” is NOT true?A.The peasants involved in the rebellion had a clear political program and organization.B.The rebellion took its name from a contemptuous nickname used by the French nobles for any peasant.C.Rebellious peasants burned down castles, murdered their lords, and raped their lords’ wives.D.Within a month the rebellion was suppressed by French nobles. 您的答案:A2( The following kings were called “new monarchs”, EXCEPTA.Louis XI of FranceB.Friedrich I of GermanyC.Henry VII of EnglandD.Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain您的答案:B3( Of the following orders of columns, which one is more formal and dignified and mainly used in mainland Greece?A.DoricB.IonicC.Corinthianposite 您的答案:A4( Which of the following statements about Western Schism is NOT true? A.France recognized the French antipope Clement.B.England recognized Pope Urban.C.Scotland followed the French.D.The emperor of Holy Roman Empire in Germany recognized Clement. 您的答案:D5( Which description of the traditional Greek religion is incorrect?A.Ancient Greeks believed that the gods have human forms and human personality.B.For the Greeks, the gods only favored those people and states that honored them.C.In ancient Greece, the main religious ceremony took place inside the temple.D.Oracles also played an important part in the Greek religion and beliefs. 您的答案:D6( What was the main difference between serfs and slaves in Western Europe? A.the amount of personal libertyB.the hereditary personal statusC.the military protection provided by the lordD.the obligation to work on the land 您的答案:C7( Which of the following reform measures resulted in the moral decline of the Romans?A.limiting the amount of land owned by individual citizensB.selling grain at a low price to citizensC.distributing public land to landless citizensD.cutting down land taxes or rent您的答案:B8( The poetic creation of _____ glorifies Rome’s conquests and achievements.A.Virgil (70-19B.C.) B.Horace (65-8 B.C.)17 A.D.) D.Juvenal (55-130 A.D.) 您的答案:A C.Ovid (43 B.C.-9( Beginning in the 4th century, army units of German were__.A.suppressed by the RomansB.eliminated by the RomansC.welcomed into the Roman Empire to defend the RomansD.driven by the Romans to settle in depopulated areas. 您的答案:C10( The Roman Empire reached it largest territorial extent during the reign of _____.A.Julius Caesar (46-44B.C.)B.Octavian (27 B.C.-14 A.D.)C.Trajan (98-117 A.D.)D.Constantine the Great (306-337 A.D.) 您的答案:C11( Starting from the reign of which Roman emperor such jobs as bakery and military service became hereditary?A.OctavianB.DiocletianC.ConstantineD.Theodosius 您的答案:A12( Who is usually regarded as the “father of history”?A.HerodotusB.ThucydidesC.XenophonD.Polybius 您的答案:A13( Which is not one of the things that the Viscontis, the Sforzas and the Medicis had in common?A.They were wealthy and powerful families in Italy.B.They were rulers of Milan during the Renaissance.C.They ordered the construction of great architectures.D.They were generous patrons of artists and intellectuals. 您的答案:B 14( Which one is not a period of Italian Renaissance Art? A.Early Renaissance B.Middle RenaissanceC.High Renaissancete Renaissance 您的答案:B15( Who did not belong to the Florentine School of the Early Renaissance art?A.BrunelleschiB.DonatelloC.MasaccioD.Raphael 您的答案:D16( All the following statements about the Scholasticism are true, EXCEPT A.Some scholars tried in vain to forbid the study and teaching of Aristotle’s thoughtB.Some argued that reason alone could lead to truthC.Some argued that ultimate truth could not be discovered by reason, but was revealed to human by God in His mystical waysD.The most fruitful achievement was the attempt to harmonize faith and reason by the leading scholar St. Augustine 您的答案:D 17( Which of the following was NOT true about the early Christians?A.They defied the Roman political authoritiesB.They accepted the idea that emperors were divine.C.They banned paganismD.They suffered religious persecution您的答案:B18( For some Muslims, Qur’an should not be translated because_____.A.it is impious to translate the very words of Allah.B.it is too difficu lt to translate the rhymed prose of Qur’an.C.the original meaning of Qur’an would be distorted.D.the beauty of Arabic language would be violated.您的答案:C19( Which one is not the factor that led to the disintegration of the Carolingian Empire after Ch arlemagne’s death?A.the regional and ethnic diversityB.the conflicts between different successors to the throneC.the destructive attacks of non-Christian invadersD.the emergence of feudalism您的答案:D20( Which one of the following statements about the Black Death is NOT true?A.It is estimated to have killed 30% –60% of Europe’s population.B.The death rate in some larger cities in Italy may have been as high as 60 percent.C.In northern France, villages suffered mortality rates of 30 percent, and cities experienced losses as high as 40 percent.D.Death caused by the Black Death worsened the situation ofsurviving peasants and laborers.您的答案:D21( Which one of the following statements about the English Parliament in 1259 is NOT true?A.it included two knights from every countyB.it included two burgesses from every townC.it included the king’s Great Council (barons, bishops, judges, advisors)D.it was a major check on royal authority您的答案:D22( All the following statements featured the Capetian kings of France, EXCEPTA.The Capetian kings established strong royal power by conquest, as William had done in EnglandB.They kept the support of the popes by defending the Christianfaith and by going on crusades.C.They carefully defined the powers of their officials and closely supervised them, while using church officials as administratorsD.They developed Paris as both a trading center and a royal capital 您的答案:A 23( Christianity originated from__.A.TurkeyB.PalestineC.North AfricaD.the Western Europe您的答案:B24( Which one is not the main characteristic of Shakespeare as a Renaissance man?A.His interest in classical cultureB.His belief in humanismC.His support of individualismD.His consciousness of national identity您的答案:D25( In terms of science, what was the significant shift in thinking during the Renaissance Age?A.the inclusion of science in the educational programB.the emphasis on how things happened in natureC.the development of new scientific methodsD.the acceptance of heliocentric theory您的答案:B26( What is the limit of term for the members of the Senate of the Roman Republic?A.2 yearsB.4 yearsC.5 yearsD.life您的答案:D27( Which of the following statements about Byzantine classicism is true? A.The Byzantines revered ancient Greek literature, philosophy and historiography.B.The Byzantines emphasized Greek scientific and mathematical tradition.C.The Byzantines were not only imitative, but also creative in their study of Greek tradition.D.The Byzantine authors thought they could eventually surpass ancient Greek authors. 您的答案:A28( It was during the ____ that the Romans were defeated by the famous Carthaginian general Hannibal.A.the 1st Punic WarB.the 2nd Punic WarC.the 3rd Punic WarD.the 4th Punic War 您的答案:B29( Olive trees and grapevine were introduced into Italy by ______.A.EtruscansB.GreekstinsD.Egyptians 您的答案:B30( Britain was turned into a Roman province in ________. A.the 1st century B.C. B.the 1st centuryC.the 2nd centuryD.the 3rd century. 您的答案:B31( All of the following Roman officers were produced by election EXCEPT ____.A.consulB.dictatorC.tribuneD.magistrate 您的答案:B32( Which one of the following architectural constructions was not typical Roman?A.domeB.vaultC.archD.column 您的答案:D33( Which of the following group of people did not constitute a class in Sparta?A.the native SpartansB.foreignersC.slavesD.nobles您的答案:D34(Magna Carta in 1215 in England was significant in that it __.A.really weakened the power of the churchB.spoke for the common peopleC.really weakened the power of the kingD.spoke for the nobles 您的答案:C35( What is the Central Middle Ages also called?A.“Age of Art”B.“Age of History”C.“Age of Faith”D.“ Age of Science” 您的答案:C36( What were the three forms of vernacular literature for town dwellers? A.epic poetry, romance poetry and dramasB.fabliaux, fables and romance poetryC.lyric poetry, epic poetry and romance poetryD.fabliaux, fables and dramas 您的答案:D37( Major changes in Roman religious life were mainly a result of_____. A.foreign cultural invasionB.trade and commerceC.territorial expansion of RomeD.interest in spiritual matters 您的答案:C38( For those who want to convert to Islam, which of the following pillars of Islam is of the utmost importance?A.reciting the Muslim statement of faith with convictionB.performing ritual prayers five times a dayC.giving money or gifts to the poor and the needyD.observing a month-long fast every year and making a pilgrimage to Mecca 您的答案:A39( What one is a correct description of the western European feudalism in the Early Middle Ages?A.Feudalism was a product of the Carolingian world and it operated on two levels.B.A feudal king’s actual power depended on the number of his vassals.C.A vassal holding a fief must not divide it into smaller fiefs.D.Financial service was the main reason for the feudal system to exist. 您的答案:A40( Which of the following statements about The Hundred Years’ War is NOT true?A.The most famous weapons were the longbow and cannon used by the English.B.Firearms played a significant role in the battles.C.Horse-riding knights became more important army force than infantry.D.Europeans relied more and more on cannon for defensive wars. 您的答案:C41( The Roman expansion had many consequences EXCEPT ______. A.Rome became the hegemony in the Mediterranean region. B.economic gains forall RomansC.social conflicts and slave uprisingsD.increased political power for military commanders您的答案:B42( Which one of the following groups of the people could vote inthe Roman assemblies?A.Roman generals and adult male plebiansB.anyone whose parents were RomansC.adult Roman males and females.D.literate Greek slaves您的答案:A43( Which statement about the “civic humanism” is wrong?A.It was developed by some Florentine scholars during the fifteenth century.B.It believed that virtue could only be obtained by participating in public life.C.It encouraged people to pursue material pleasures and fulfilltheir desires.D.It was the same with the “Christian Humanism” of Northern Renaissance.您的答案:D44( All of the following political ideas can be accredited to the Romans EXCEPT ____.A.popular sovereigntyB.social contract theoryC.democracyD.separations of power 您的答案:C45( Which of the following statements about art in the Central Middle Ages is NOT true?A.Architecture was the foremost art form.B.Schools were the primary focus of architectural endeavors.C.Architecture integrated all the visual arts in presentations of Christianity’s rich symbolic and spiritual values.D.Other arts were used to decorate churches with sculpture and painting, woodcarving and metalwork, and stained glass.您的答案:B46( The following descriptions of the Mycenaean culture are true EXCEPT for ____.A.The Mycenaeans were the first people known to have spoken Greek.B.The Mycenaeans regarded the Minoans as their potential enemies.C.The Mycenaean raid on Crete was recorded in Homer’s epics.D.The Mycenaean era is also called the “Age of Heroes”.您的答案:C47( In the Early Middle Ages, the Roman Church and the Eastern Church were divided over the following issues EXCEPT for ______.A.IconoclasmB.official languageC.explanation of the Holy SpiritD.baptism 您的答案:D48( Which is not the simi larity shared by Chaucer’s Canterbury Tales and Boccaccio’s Decameron?A.a collection of storiesB.satirical and humorous languageC.vivid characterizationD.religious themes 您的答案:D49( Which description of the Age of Pericles is NOT true? A.It is the Golden Age of classical Greece.B.It was when Athens secured its status as the capital of Hellenic civilization.C.It witnessed great developments in democracy, economy, art and science.D.It was when the nobles became a major force in politics. 您的答案:D50( Which one is NOT the factor that contributed to the success of the Byzantine Empire?A.prestige of the emperormitment to classicismC.flourishing tradeD.a well- trained army 您的答案:B51( Which is not one of the three great achievements of Italian Renaissance art?A.the revival of classical textsB.the discovery of linearperspective C.the knowledge of anatomy D.the knowledge of the classical forms 您的答案:A52( Who was not one of the three masters of the High Renaissance art?A.Leonardo da VinciB.RaphaelC.El GrecoD.Michelangelo 您的答案:C53( What were the three forms of vernacular Literature for nobles?A.epic poetry, romance poetry and dramasB.fabliaux, fables and romance poetryC.lyric poetry, epic poetry and romance poetryD.fabliaux, fables and dramas您的答案:C54( In the year of ____, Constantine the Great issued Edit of Milan which officially made Christianity legal.A.311B.313C.324D.380 您的答案:B55( Which form of literature was unpopular in the medieval Islamic world? A.poetry B.prose C.history D.drama 您的答案:D56(第56题Which city was NOT a prominent trading centre during the EarlyMiddle Ages?A.Constantinop leB.MeccaC.MedinaD.Baghdad您的答案:C57( The following statements about the English Peasants’ Revolt of 1381 are true EXCEPT ______.A.It accomplished its objectives.B.It received help from members of the noble classesC.It succeeded in showing the nobles what peasants were capable of when dissatisfied.D.It marked the beginning of the end of serfdom in medieval England. 您的答案:A58( Which of the following statements about villages in the Middle Ages is NOT true?A.Villages ranged in size from ten to several hundred peasant families, living in a cluster of cottages surrounded by their fields.B.Most villages had woodland which provided burning wood and building materials.C.Many villages had a stream or pond for water supply, fish and a water mill for grinding grain.D.Few villages had a few artisans and traders who combined farm work with other labor.您的答案:D59( Which of the following statements about the development of science in the Central Middle Ages is NOT true?A.Translation of Greek and Arabic scientific works gave new impetus to the study of science.B.Arabic numbers were introduced by Italian mathematician Leonardode Pisa.C.Robert Grosseteste, Roger Bacon and others made Cambridge University the center of scientific studies during the thirteenth century.D.Bacon wrote three important books, Great Work, Small Work and Third Work. 您的答案:C60( The second founding father of Christianity was _____. A.St.Peter B.St. Paul C.St. Athanasius D.St. Augustine 您的答案:B 61( Who was regarded as the “father of oil painting”?A.MasaccioB.BotticelliC.Albrecht DerD.Jan van Eyck 您的答案:D62( Who was not a believer in the heliocentric theory?A.Nicolas CopernicusB.Johannes KeplerC.GalileoD.Francis Bacon 您的答案:D63( Which of the following descriptions of Constantinople is NOT true? A.It was the most important trading centre in Europe in the Early MiddleAges.B.It was the political and intellectual centre of the Middle Ages.C.It dazzled visitors with its grand buildings and great wealth.D.University of Constantinople did not have any Muslim students. 您的答案:D64( Which description of the Islamic philosophy is true?Farabi believed that philosophy and religion are not reconcilable.A.Al-B.Al-Ghazali regarded Greek philosophy as corrupters of Islamic faith.C.Averro雜 believed that philosophical truth can not be tested.D.Averro雜 thought that philosophers can not truly comprehend theological truth. 您的答案:B65( That Aeneid, the legendary founder of the city of Rome, was the prince of _____ suggests a certain link between the Roman civilization and ancient Near East.A.EtruriaB.GreeceC.TroyD.Phoenicia 您的答案:C66( Which one of the following was NOT a member of the First Triumvirate? A.Crassus B.Sulla C.Pompey D.Caesar 您的答案:B 67( Which one of the Roman Emperors resembles the “philosopher king” praised by Plato?A.Trajan (r. 98-117 A.D.)B.Hadrian (r. 117-138 A.D.)161 A.D.) D.Marcus Aurelius (r. 161-180 A.D.) C.Antoninus Pius (r. 138-您的答案:D68( In the early days of the Roman Republic, ______ had the most important law making power.A.the Assembly of CenturyB.the Plebian CouncilC.the Assembly of CuriaeD.the Tribal Assembly 您的答案:D69( Whose power was gradually reduced in the process of Athenian political reforms?A.People’s AssemblyB.People’s CourtC.Council of citizensD.Council of nobles 您的答案:D70( In the first Greco-Persian War, Greek army defeated the Persian forces and won a smashing victory in the battle of ____. A.Thermopylae B.Marathon C.Salamis D.Plataea 您的答案:B71( All the following statements about the medieval commune are true EXCEPT__.mune had its own local government, its own court, its own tax-collecting agencies and its own customs.B.Some communes gained their independence by paying lords to grant it to them, while others governed alongside their lord.C.No communes battled violently for rights of self-governance.munes in Italy gained the right not only to govern themselves but also to rule the farmland and villages around them.您的答案:C72( Which of the following statements about the third Crusade is NOT true?A.it had a strong start, but a weak endB.Frederick drowned on the wayC.Philip quarreled with Richard and went homeD.Richard stayed longer, and took Jerusalem. 您的答案:D73( In Early Middle Ages, Western European civilization differed from the Byzantine and Islamic Empires in the following aspects EXCEPT for _____.A.the influence from the Germanic and Romance vernacular languages.B.the unstable political situation and a lack of central powerC.the influence of ancient Greco-Roman civilizations.D.the lower level of intellectual and literary accomplishment 您的答案:C74( Which of the following descriptions of pre-Islamic Arabia is not true?A.Pre-Islamic Arabia was backward and underdeveloped.B.Pre-Islamic Arabs showed no interest in sea trade.C.Mecca was one of the most important trading centers.D.Pre-Islamic Arabs would pray to their tribal gods or goddesses. 您的答案:B 75( Which of the following statements is NOT true?A.The Hundred Years’ War harmed England more than France.B.The war stimulated the development of new weapons.C.The war speeded up the development of the English Parliament.D.The war promoted the growth of modern nationalism and awakened the national consciousness in the mind of their people.您的答案:A76( The government of the Roman Republic included all of the following branches EXCEPT ______.A.the executive branchB.the deliberative branchC.the legislative branchD.the judicial branch 您的答案:D77( Roman religion was _____.A.borrowed entirely from the GreeksB.not purely RomanC.invented by RomansD.borrowed from the Egyptians 您的答案:B78( Which factor directly resulted in the first great split in Christianity in 1054?A.The rulers of most European peoples adopted Christianity for themselves and their subjectsB.The invasions from Vikings and Magyars not only destroyed many churches and monasteries but also greatly damaged the churchinstitutions C.There were few schools to train clergy, and many church officers were shallow and incompetentD.Pope Leo IX asserted the supreme authority of the papacy andclashed with the Patriarch of Constantinople Michael Cerularius 您的答案:D79( Concerning the economy of the Byzantine Empire, Islamic Empire and western Europe during the Middle Ages, which statement is NOT true? A.Byzantine had the most powerful economy in the world before the 7th century.B.Islamic economy in the 7th century was already very prosperous.C.Islamic Empire had the world’s leading economy during the mid-8th andmid-13th century.D.Western Europe overtook Byzantine in economy in the late Middle Ages. 您的答案:B80( All the following made up the basic social structure of medieval rural communities EXCEPT___.A.The villageB.The manorC.The parish churchD.The guild 您的答案:D81( Which one of the following statements about the condition of the Jews during the Roman time was NOT true?A.In 64B.C. Pompey conquered Judea and turned it into a Roman province. B.The Jews had to pay heavy tax, but they enjoyed limitedself-rule. C.Faced with Roman persecution, the Jews had to worship the Roman emperors as gods.D.The Jewish people hoped for salvation led by a prophet. 您的答案:C82( In the Early Middle Ages, the Roman Church and the Eastern Church were divided over the following issues EXCEPT for ______.A.IconoclasmB.official languageC.explanation of the Holy SpiritD.baptism 您的答案:D83( Which description of Greek democracy of the Archaic Period isnot true?A.It began as an expanded version of oligarchy.B.It is the same with modern democracy.C.It ensured an easier coexistence between different classes.D.Solon’s reforms laid the foundation for the Athenian democracy.您的答案:B84( Compared with Italian Renaissance, Northern Renaissance had the following distinctive features except for ______.A.strong national flavorB.great religious concernC.influence of classicismD.belief in Christian humanism 您的答案:C85( The following descriptions of the second Greco-Persian War are true EXCEPT for _____.A.The Persian army was led by Xerxes I, who was Darius son.B.All Greek city-states united to counter the Persian invasion.C.The Greek army was greatly outnumbered by the Persian army.D.The Greek army won a decisive victory in the straits between Athens and Salamis.您的答案:B86( Which one of the following statements was NOT a factor that brought about the agricultural growth during the Central Middle Ages?A.The climate improved and the temperature was higher.B.More lands were under cultivated.C.Farming technology improved greatly.D.The food price dropped drastically. 您的答案:D87( Which description of the Hellenistic civilization is incorrect?A.It was a cosmopolitan and open culture.B.It was a mixture of Greek and Oriental cultures.C.It helped to popularize Greek thinking and life styles.D.Its commercial, cultural and intellectual centre was Athens. 您的答案:D 88( Epicureanism and Stoicism are similar in the following ways except for____.A.Both were concerned with the good of the individual.B.Both were idealistic in world view.C.Both believed that reason is the key to solution of social problems.D.Both thought highly of the peace of mind.您的答案:B89( Three of the following statements are true with the early experience of Christianity. Which one is the exception?A.Unlike the Jews, the early Christians of the Roman Empire suffered persecution.B.Christianity was not the official religion of the Roman Empire until the 4th century.C.Christianity spread in the cities of the empire, first in the east and later in the west.D.It was Constantine’s toleration for all religions that brought new life to Christianity.您的答案:A90( The prose writing of _____ had the greatest influence on Latin literature in the Middle Ages.A.Livy (59B.C.-18 A.D.) B.Cicero (106-43 B.C.).C.Ovid (43 B.C.-17 A.D.) D.Juvenal (55-130 A.D.) 您的答案:B91( Which of the following is NOT true about Emperor Constantine the Great?A.He concentrated power in his own hands.B.He made Christianity the state religion.C.He abandoned Rome as the imperial capital.D.He tolerated all religions in the Roman Empire.您的答案:B92( The economic success of the early Roman Empire was mainly achieved by _____.A.small farmersB.slavesC.serfsD.Roman legions 您的答案:B93( The gladiator show indicated Romans’ love for _____.A.adventureB.funC.violenceD.entertainment您的答案:C94( Which Hellenistic kingdom ruled Egypt and parts of the Middle East? A.Ptolemaic Kingdom B.Antigonid KingdomC.Seleucid KingdomD.Pergamum Kingdom 您的答案:C95( The Italian Renaissance scholars did all the following things except for ____.A.reviving many classical texts forgotten or lost for a long time.B.spreading the knowledge beyond the small circle of scholars.C.refusing to accept religious teaching or read religious works.D.paying more attention to man’s world and life on earth.您的答案:C96( Which description of Petrarch is wrong?A.He was known as the “father of humanism”.B.He was the first to coin the term “Dark Ages”.C.He valued his Italian writings more than his Latin writings.D.He was financed by Galeazzo II Visconti. 您的答案:C97( Which one does NOT indicate that Euripides was the most revolutionary dramatist in ancient Greece?A.His creation of less heroic and more realistic characters.B.His sharp criticism of conventional values.C.His view of the human soul as a place where opposing forces struggle.D.His use of graceful language and perfect form. 您的答案:D 98( Which one of the following statements about the Great Famine is NOT true?A.It was the worst famine in European history.B.It lasted for seven hard years.C.In cities alone, there was shortage of food supplies.D.By the time it ended, the Great Famine had wiped out 10 percent to 15 percent of the entire European population. 您的答案:C99( The Council of Constance markedA.the largest religious gathering of the Late Middle Ages.B.the end of the Western Schism.C.the success in dealing with the problems of heresy.D.the success in dealing with the problems of the church reform. 您的答案:B100( During the Great Famine, starvation even drove some people to eatthe following living creatures, EXCEPTA.catsB.ratsC.snakesD.dogs 您的答案:C。