英语直接引语变间接引语练习题

直接引语和间接引语的用法及练习

< xmlnamespace prefix ="v" ns ="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:vml" />[分享]直接引语和间接引语

一、直接引语和间接引语的意义：我们转述别人的话时，可以引用别人的原话，被引用的部分称为直接引语；

用自己的话转述别人的意思，被转述的部分称为间接引语。间接引语多数构成宾语从句。

二、直接引语改为间接引语时连词的使用：

1、直接引语为陈述句时，间接引语的连词用that，that可以省略。如：

“I have lived in the south for years,” Mrs Duncan said.

→Mrs Duncan told me (that) she had lived in the south for years. Duncan夫人说她在南方住了许多年。

“I shall tell him exactly what I think,” she said.

→She said (that) she would tell him exactly what she thought. 她说她将会告诉他她所想的。

2、直接引语为一般疑问句时，间接引语的连词用if / whether。如：

He said，“Are you interested in English?”

→He asked (me) if I was interested in English. 他问我是否对英语感兴趣。

He said，“Did you see him last night?”→He asked (me) whether I had seen him the night before.

他问我头天晚上是否见到了他。

3、直接引语为特殊疑问句时，间接引语的连词用特殊疑问句本身所带的疑问词如when，where，who，why，h

ow，how many，how old等等。如：

“What do you want?” he asked me.

→He asked me what I wanted. 他问我想要什么。

“How can we improve the condition of the soil?” the farmers asked him.

→The farmers asked him how they could improve the condition of the soil. 农民们询问他如何才能提高土壤的质量。

4、直接引语为祈使句时，间接引语不用连词，而是将直接引语改为动词不定式用作句子的宾语补足语。如：

She said to us，“Please sit down. ”

→She asked us to sit down.

He said，“Don’t make so much noise，boys. ”

→He told the boys not to make so much noise.

“Please explain why you’re two and a half hours late,” the boss said.

→The boss asked him to explain why he was two and a half hours late.

“Don’t give up!” Father shouted at him.

→Father told him in a loud voice not to give up.

“Get everything ready in half an hour,” the teacher said to the students.

→The teacher ordered the students to get everything ready in half an hour.

〖注〗主句的谓语动词有时要根据直接引语的情态和语气作相应的变化，如say说； tell sb. 告诉某人；a sk问/请求；suggest建议；order命令等等。

四、时态的变化：如主句的谓语动词为现在时态范畴，间接引语中的时态一般不作变化；但如果主句的谓语动词为过去时态范畴，则间接引语多改用相应的过去时态。其规律见下表：

直接引语间接引语

一般现在时一般过去时

现在进行时过去进行时

现在完成时过去完成时

一般将来时一般过去将来时

现在完成进行时过去完成进行时

一般过去时过去完成时

如：She’s preparing her lessons,” I said.

→I said that she was preparing her lessons.

I said to them，“He’ll get excited. ”

→I told t hem that he would get excited.

He said to me，“Jane spent all her time doing that. ”

→He told me that Jane had spent all her time doing that.

例外：

1、直接引语如果有表示具体过去时间的时间状语（如in 1992,last week）等，在变为间接引语时可以不变。如：

My father said to me，“I read the book in 1986. ”

→My father told me he read the book in 1986.

2、直接引语表达的意思是客观真理时，时态可以不变。如：

The geography teacher said to us，“The earth turns around the sun. ”