期末练习题 (4)

TenⅠ. Mark the following statements with “T” if they are true or “F” if they are false1.If we are not fully aware of the nature and mechanism of our language, we will be ignorant ofwhat constitutes our essential humanity.2. A phoneme is the smallest unit of sound and cannot be further analyzed.3.Anthropological linguistics refers to the approach which studies language over variousperiods of time and at various historical stages.4.The features that define our human languages can be called distinctive features.5.The stimulus-response model provides the point of departure for behaviorist research.6.V oice is a grammatical category of verbs which expresses the subjective attitude of thespeaker towards the state of affairs described by the utterance.7.“The ideal user’s knowledge of the rules of his language” defined by Chomsky iscommunicative competence.8.AUTHORIAL STYLE looks closely at how linguistic choices help to construct textualmeaning. When we examine it, we will need to examine linguistic choices which are intrinsically connected with meaning and effect on the reader.9. Phonetic similarity means that the allophones of a phoneme must bear some phonetic resemblance.10. Slips of the tongue or pen made by either foreign language learners or native speakers are generally referred to as lapses.11. A lingua franca has to be a native language currently spoken by particular people.12. Manner of Articulation is the only way by which we tell whether a sound is a consonant or not.13. Noun phrases, verb phrases and prepositional phrases usually form endocentric constructions.14. Embedding is the means by which one clause is included in the main clause in syntactic subordination.15. Meaning is extracted from text or speech by relating what is presented to information stored in short-term memory.16. In English some books is a case of number relativism.17. T he belief that speakers of different language perceive and experience the world differently is the notion of language relativism.18. A single phoneme always represents a single morpheme.19. Blending is a form of compounding, in which a new word is created by cutting the final part, initial part or cutting both the initial and the final of a word.20. Parole is the term used by Saussure to refer to utterances.Ⅱ. Fill in each of the following blanks with an appropriate word with the hint of the initial letter (W rite complete word forms on your answer sheet).1.The r________ theory of meaning which related the meaning of a word to the real world.2.R________ is the term used in linguistics to describe the relationship between a particularstyle of language and its context of use.3.V_______ is made with the back of the tongue and the soft palate. An example in English is[k] as in cat.4.Evidence in support of lateralization for language in the left hemisphere of the brain comesfrom researches in d_______ listening tasks.5. A major theory in p_______ is the theory of conversational implicature, proposed by Grice.6.In the aspect of sense relation, when a word is a hyponym of itself, it is called an a_________.7.Bound morphemes contain two types: roots and a________.8.The p_________ function of language can extend to control of reality as on some magical orreligious occasions.9.Foreign language learners will subconsciously use their L1 knowledge in learning the foreignlanguage and this is called language t_________.10.When two words are c________ antonyms, one always presupposes the other.Ⅲ. Mark the choice that best completes the statement1._____ function constructs a model of experience and logical relations.A. InterpersonalB. TextualC. MetalingualD. Ideational2.______ is not the term used to classify the English consonants in terms of manner of articulation.A. ApproximantB. LateralC. PlosiveD. Bilabial3.In the following word _______, the articulation of bilabial is not manifested.A.petB. metC. howD. web4.Triphthongal glides in English can be heard in the word _______.A.tideB. toyC. howD. wire5.In the words maps, dogs, watches, mice and sheep, each of /s/, /z/, /iz/, /ai/ and /i:/ is a(an) ______ of the plural form.A.allomorphB. allophoneC. similar phoneme D .counter phoneme6.In the word international, national is ________.A.a suffixB. a rootC. a stemD. a prefix7.The agent of the sentence Sam was hit by a truck running behind a car is ________.A.a carB. SamC. a truckD. none of the above8.The following statements are in accordance with Halliday's opinions on language EXPECT _______.A.The use of language involves a network of systems of choicesnguage is never used as a mere mirror of reflected thoughtnguage is a system of abstract forms and signsnguage functions as a piece of human behaviorponential Analysis is a way proposed by the _______ semanticists to analyze the word meaning.A. structuralB. cognitiveC. behavioralD. functional10. Of the following pairs of words, ____belongs to the type of complementary antonyms.A. employer/employeeB. captive/freeC. rich/poorD. Fast/slow11. The following are factors that help to produce near synonyms EXCEPT___A. conceptual differenceB. stylistic differenceC. dialectal differenceD. connotative difference12. The research purposes of sociolinguistics include all the following EXCEPT____A. to generalize the societal rules that explain and constrain language behaviorB. to discover the relationship between speakers’ social status and their phonological variationsC. to determine the symbolic value of language varieties for their speakersD. to draw inferences about the relationship between register and kinds of change in language13.The presence of a conversational implicature relies on all the following factors EXCEPT____A. the Principle of MannerB. the conventional meaning of words usedC. the CPD. the linguistic and situational contexts14. The following statement “There is a mixture of the tiger and the ape in the character of a Frenchman” is an example of ____A. metonymyB. synecdoche15.The utility of the corpus is increased when it has been_______A.encodedB. sortedC. annotatedD. programmed16.To know how much a learner has mastered the content of a particular course, a teacher should set up _____ test.A.an aptitudeB. an achievementC. a diagnosticD. a proficiency17.The opinion that " Errors show that the learner has not changed his mother tongue habits into desired habits of the new language" is very likely to be held by______A.structuralistsB. functional grammariansC. transformational-generative grammariansD. formalists18.Which of the following findings concerning basic processes in reading is NOT true?A.The reader is believed to carry out the processes required to understand each word and its relationship to previous words in the sentence as soon as that word is encountered.B.The reader's eyes move across a page of text smoothly.C.The perceptual span encompasses fewer letters to the left of fixation but more to the right.D.The perceptual span covers almost 20 letters.19.Firth did not regard language as_____A.a social processB.a set of agreed-upon semiotics and signalsC.a means of doing things and making others do thingsD.a means of social life20. MOOD and MODALITY in Systemic Functional Grammar help to realize _______ function.A.ideationalB. textualC. interpersonalD. metalingual21.In a syllable, a vowel often serves as ________.A.Peak or NucleusB. OnsetC. CodaD. Stress22.In terms of the meaning expressed by words, they can be classified into _________.A.grammatical words and lexical wordsB.content words and lexical wordsC.grammatical words and function wordsD.full words and empty words23.Ploy-morphemic words other than compounds may be divided into _________.A.roots and affixesB.bound morphemes and free morphemesC.free morphemesD.roots and free morphemes24._________ can best describe the following group of words.A.inflection and compoundB. compound and derivationC. inflection and derivationD. derivation and blending25. In English, CASE is a special form of the noun which frequently corresponds to a combination of preposition and noun, and it is realized in all the following channels EXCEPT .A.inflectionB. following a prepositionC. word orderD. following an adjective26. Which of the following is NOT included in G. Leech’s seven types of meaning?A. Connotative meaningB. Referential meaningC. Contextual meaningD. Affective meaning27. studies the internal structure of simple propositions.A. Predicate calculusB. Propositional calculusC. Sentential calculusD. Truth value28. Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis, also called as Linguistic determinism, has alternatively been referred to as .A. Linguistic resemblanceB. Linguistic relativityC. Linguistic universalityD. Linguistic rationality29. Four categories of Maxims in Grice’s Cooperative Principle include all the following EXCEPT .A. MANNERB. RELATIONC. CANCELLABILITYD. QUANTITY30. The following are MT research methods EXCEPT .A. The linguistic approachB. The interlingual approachC. The transfer approachD. The corpus-based31. The sense relation which holds the pair of words here----there is .A. homonymyB. complementary antonymyC. gradable antonymyD. converse antontmy32. The sense relation which holds the pair of words before----after is .A. homonymyB. complementary antonymyC. gradable antonymyD. converse antontmy33. The sense relation which holds the pair of words sweet-suite is .A. homonymyB. complementary antonymyC. gradable antonymyD. synonymy34. The sense relation which holds the pair of words richer-poorer is .A. homonymyB. complementary antonymyC. gradable antonymyD. converse antontmy35. The sense relation which holds the pair of words morning star-evening star is .A. synonymyB. hyponymyC. gradable antonymyD. homonymy36. The sense relation which holds the pair of words potato chips-junk food is .A. synonymyB. hyponymyC. HomonymyD. converse antontmy37. In plain English CAUSE(x, (~HA VE(x,y))) means .A. x gives y xB. x does not have yC. x causes y not to have xD. x causes x not to have y38. The connective implication cprresponds to the English .A. “if…then”B. “if and only if…”C. “and”D. “or”39. Cognitive linguists look at the sentence I fell into a depression as a case of metaphors.A. ontologicalB. structuralC. orientationalD. vertical40. Pair falls into the syntagmatic association.A. pen-writeB. black-whiteC. judge-guardD. farm-harmIV. Answer the following questions brieflye your linguistic knowledge of sense relations to explain what makes the followinghumorous. (10 points)a.Question: Why was Six afraid?Answer: Because Seven Eight Nine.b. Education kills by degrees.2.What design feature/s of language does each of the following language phenomena show?Explain briefly why you think so. (20 points)a. cir encircle or circularb. 我感冒了= I have a cold/ I caught a cold. (English)= Hargab baa ku haya. (Somali)=Tá slaghdán ort. (Irish)= 저는감기가. (Korean)c. 小虎：妈妈，我昨晚梦见你带我去迪斯尼乐园了。