UNIT 21 EMERGENCY CORE COOLING SYSTEM应急堆芯冷却系统
核电英文部分
last moment emergency shut-down 应急停堆系统【主科技词汇】近governing and emergency shutdown system 调速应急停车系统【航海航天词汇】近scram 紧急刹车; 紧急停堆; 快速停堆【主科技词汇】近scram 紧急刹车; 紧急停堆; 紧急停止运转的措施; 快速断开【航海航天词汇】近emergency 紧急; 意外; 应急; 急; 急救; 急症; 安全停车【主科技词汇】近reactor shut-off system 停堆系统【主科技词汇】近general emergency alarm system 通用紧急警报系统; 一般应急警报系统【航海航天词汇】近scram system 快速停堆系统【主科技词汇】近chemical shut-down system 化学停堆系统【航海航天词汇】近liquid shut-down system 液体停堆系统【主科技词汇】近scram 快速断开; 紧急刹车; 迅速停止或关闭反应堆【石油词汇】近reactor trip 反应堆事故停堆; 事故保护停堆【主科技词汇】近shutdown system 停车系统; 停机系统; 关闭系统【主科技词汇】近stand-by system 应急系统【主科技词汇】近damage control system 应急系统【航海航天词汇】近emergency system 应急系统【主科技词汇】近chemical emergency response information system 化学紧急情况回答信息系统; 化学品紧急反应信息系统【航海航天词汇】近scram button 快速停堆按钮; 应急按钮【主科技词汇】近emergency shut down 紧急停堆【物理词汇】近scram 紧急停堆【物理词汇】近reactor trip 反应堆事故停堆【航海航天词汇】近casualty power distribution system 应急配电系统【航海航天词汇】近emergency transfer system 应急过驳系统【航海航天词汇】近emergency survival system 应急救生系统【航海航天词汇】近emergency response system (ERS) 紧急应变系统【计算机网络词汇】近emergency operations system 应急操作系统【主科技词汇】近secondary braking system; emergency braking system 应急制动系统【汽车词汇】近emergency cooling system 应急冷却系统【主科技词汇】近emergency air system 应急空气系统【主科技词汇】近ERS 紧急应变系统【计算机网络词汇】近emergency reporting system 应急报告系统【主科技词汇】近system emergency protection 系统应急保护【主科技词汇】近manual scram (反应堆) 手动紧急停堆【主科技词汇】近scram control 紧急停堆控制【航海航天词汇】近reactor safety system 反应堆安全系统【航海航天词汇】近charging system 反应堆装料系统【航海航天词汇】近reactor control system 反应堆控制系统【主科技词汇】近reactor protection system 反应堆保护系统【航海航天词汇】近reactor auxiliary system 反应堆辅助系统【航海航天词汇】近reactor auxiliary systems 反应堆辅助系统【主科技词汇】近pile off-gas system 反应堆除气系统【主科技词汇】近reactor off-gas system 反应堆除气系统【主科技词汇】近reactor cooling system 反应堆冷却系统【航海航天词汇】近emergency broadcast system 应急用广播系统【主科技词汇】近jerk 痉挛; 反射; 急扭; 急牵; 急跳; 急停; 急撞【主科技词汇】近reactor nuclear instrument system 反应堆核测量系统【航海航天词汇】近reactor coolant system 反应堆冷却剂系统【航海航天词汇】近reactor water cleanup system 反应堆水净化系统【主科技词汇】近emergency public transport system 应急公共交通系统【汽车词汇】近emergency valve closing system 应急阀门关闭系统【航海航天词汇】近emergency satellite communications system 应急卫星通信系统【主科技词汇】近submarine emergency communication system 潜艇应急通信系统【主科技词汇】近open-cycle reactor system 开式循环反应堆系统【主科技词汇】近reactor power regulating system 反应堆功率调节系统【航海航天词汇】近harbor and emergency generator room 停泊和应急发电机间; 停港和应急发电机舱; 停港和应急发电机间【航海航天词汇】近emergency radio direction-finding system 应急无线电测向系统【航海航天词汇】近scram rod actuator 紧急停堆棒操纵机构【航海航天词汇】近emergency ship salvage material system 船舶应急救捞器材系统【航海航天词汇】近crash arrest 应急停车【航海航天词汇】近crash stop 紧急停车; 紧急停船; 全速急停车【航海航天词汇】近shutdown reactivity 停堆反应性【主科技词汇】近emergency stop area 应急停车带【汽车词汇】近emergency parking 应急停车场【主科技词汇】近emergency stopping device 应急停船装置【航海航天词汇】近reactor shut down 反应堆停止运转【电子工程词汇】近reactor scram 反应体紧急停止【电子工程词汇】近prompt shutdown coefficient 瞬发停堆系数【主科技词汇】近governing and emergency stop trip 调速应急停车脱扣【航海航天词汇】近crash stop test 应急全速停车试验【航海航天词汇】近system-down 系统故障; 系统停机【主科技词汇】近on-demand system 请求服务系统; 请求式系统; 应求系统; 即时回答系统【主科技词汇】近automatic emergency shut-down and slow-down circuit 自动应急停车和减速电路【航海航天词汇】近automatic emergency shut-down and slowdown circuit 自动应急停车和减速电路【航海航天词汇】近emergency operation 急症手术; 紧急手术; 应急操作; 应急运转【主科技词汇】近emergency service 紧急供电; 应急服务; 应急供电; 应急通信业务【主科技词汇】近reactor block 反应堆舱; 反应堆区; 反应堆室; 反应堆体【主科技词汇】近emergency transmitter 应急发报机; 应急发射机; 应急发送器; 应急发信机【航海航天词汇】近system response 系统反应; 系统频率特性【主科技词汇】近emergency outage 紧急停运; 事故停机【主科技词汇】近utility system 实用系统; 公用事业系统; 应用系统【主科技词汇】近crash stopping 紧急停船; 紧急停车【航海航天词汇】近emergency pump 危急排水泵; 应急泵; 备用泵; 事故应急泵【主科技词汇】近quenching system 急冷系统【石油词汇】近delivery system 收纸系统; 输送系统; 投掷系统; 供料系统【主科技词汇】近emergency trip 应急跳闸; 应急脱扣?【航海航天词汇】近jury 临时应急措施; 应急的【航海航天词汇】近emergency trip mechanism 应急释放机构; 应急跳闸机构; 应急脱扣机构【航海航天词汇】近two-bin inventory system 两堆存货系统; 两箱存储系统【主科技词汇】近on-off service 开-停系统【主科技词汇】近DCS 集散控制系统; 金刚石取心系统; 数据控制系统; 数据通信系统; 数字命令系统; 消自旋控制系统; 钻铤柱【石油词汇】近quench water system 急冷水系统【汽车词汇】近open system 开放式系统; 开放系统; 开路系统; 开式生态系统; 开系; 通用建筑体系; 非封闭系统【主科技词汇】近emergency strap-on chain 应急缚系链【进出口词汇】近integrated system 综合系统; 成套系统; 集成化系统; 集成系统; 集中式系统; 统一系统【主科技词汇】近main shut-down system 主停机系统【主科技词汇】近main shut-down 主停机系统【主科技词汇】近system stop page 系统停止页【主科技词汇】近adaptive system 适应性系统; 自适应系统【主科技词汇】近job-stack system 作业堆栈系统【主科技词汇】近lumped mass system 堆集质量系统【航海航天词汇】。
美国小堆核电技术介绍
Genera on III++ Technology
■ ■
Integral nuclear system design Passive safety systems ■ Four-year opera ng cycle between refueling ■ Less than five-percent enriched fuel ■ Secure underground containment
11525 N. Community House Road, Suite 500 Charlo e, NC 28277 USA Phone: 704.625.4900
The informa on contained herein is provided for general informa on purposes only and is not intended nor to be construed as a warranty, an offer, or any representa on of contractual or other legal responsibility. B&W mPower™ is a trademark of Babcock & Wilcox Nuclear Energy, Inc. © 2012 The Babcock & Wilcox Company. All rights reserved. Front Cover: B&W mPower™ reactor. Reactor design is not complete. Statements in this brochure are based on the final, cer fied reactor design. E201-1002 25KPP2A
核电英语
消防术语英文
精心整理<86>Durationoffireresistance耐火极限<87>Dynamictest动态试验<88>Dysprosium镝<89>DDTdeflagrationtodetonationtransision爆燃到爆轰的跃进消防基本术语GB5907－86第一部分FundamentalterminojogyoFfireprotectionPant1前言本标准规定了消防领域中所使用的基本术语和定义,适用于消防标准化、消防管理、消防工程、消防产品的生产、检验和认证、教学、出版及其他有关的工作领域。
11．1放火Arson1．2燃烧现象。
1．3Burn（1．4化。
1．51．6由燃烧或热解作用而产生的全部的物质。
1．7潜热能Calorificpotential当物质完全燃烧时所能释放出的燃烧热。
1．8爆裂Bursting在物体的内部或外部，由于超压力和(或)应力变化使物体急剧破裂的现象。
1．9爆炸Explosion由于物质急剧氧化或分解反应产生温度、压力增加或两者同时增加的现象。
1．10爆燃Deflagration以亚音速传播的爆炸。
1．11爆轰Detonation以冲击波为特征，以超音速传播的爆炸。
1．12爆炸极限Explosionlimit可燃的气体、蒸气或粉尘与空气混合后，遇火会产生爆炸的最高或最低的浓度。
1．13火Fire以释放热量并伴有烟或火焰或两者兼有为特征的燃烧现象。
1．14火灾Fire1．15灾分类》。
1．16Firerisk1．171．181．19fireload1．201．211．22火焰Flame发光的气相燃烧区域1．23火焰期Periodofflaming出现火焰的期间。
1．24防火Fireprevention防止火灾发生和（或）限制其影响的措施。
1．25灭火Extinguishment熄灭或阻止物质燃烧的措施。
l．26消防Fireprotection包括防火和灭火的措施。
核电 专 业 英 语 词 汇
1.1. 原子核、元素及材料中子neutron核nucleus （复数）nuclei 硼boron 硼酸boric acid可燃毒物burnable poison 硼浓度boron concentration不锈钢stainless steel奥氏体不锈钢austenitic stainless steel 铁素体不锈钢ferritic stainless steel马氏体不锈钢martensitic stainless steel 1.2. 术语1.2.1.工况衰变decay裂变fission燃耗burnup反应性reactivity裂变产物fission product临界criticality换料周期fuel cycle运行工况operating condition 停堆shutdown满功率运行full power operation 瞬态，瞬变transient衰变热decay heat余热residual heat厂用电house load次临界subcritical超临界supercritical慢化剂moderator冷却剂coolant溶剂solvent反射层reflector1.2.2.设备稳压器pressurizer (PRZ)蒸汽发生器Steam Generator (SG)屏蔽泵canned (motor) pump反应堆压力容器Reactor Pressure Vessel (RPV)包壳cladding安全壳containment堆芯，活性区core燃料棒fuel rod燃料组件fuel assembly控制棒control rod控制棒组件Control Element Assembly (CEA)控制棒驱动机构Control Element Drive Mechanism (CEDM) 柴油发电机diesel generator1.3. 系统压水堆Pressurized Water Reactor (PWR)反应堆冷却剂泵（主泵）Reactor Coolant Pump (RCP)反应堆冷却剂系统（一回路系统）Reactor Coolant System (RCS)一回路系统/主回路系统primary system一/二回路primary/secondary loop非能动余热导出系统passive decay heat removal system自动降压系统automatic depressurization system (ADS)化学与容积控制系统（化容系统）Chemical and V olume Control System 专设安全设施Engineered Safety Feature (ESF)余热排出系统Residual Heat-Removal System应急堆芯冷却系统Emergency Core Cooling System安注系统Safety Injection (SI) System非能动安全系统passive safety system设冷水component cooling water非能动堆芯冷却系统passive core cooling system1.4. 事故运行安全裕量operating margin冷却剂丧失事故（失水事故）Loss-of-coolant Accident (LOCA)假设始发事件postulated initiating events 事故工况accident condition单一故障准则single-failure criterion共因故障common cause failure纵深防御defense in depth 设计基准事故design basis accident 固有安全性inherent safety冗余性redundancy多样性diversity完整性integrity多层屏障multiple barrier放射性radioactivity海啸tsunami屏蔽shielding核安全准则nuclear safety criteria 1.5. 方向横向lateral纵向longitudinal 径向radial 垂直/立式安装vertically mounted 环向circumferential轴向axial1.6. 腐蚀腐蚀corrode, corrosion 气蚀cavitation点蚀/孔蚀pitting缝隙腐蚀crevice corrosion 冲蚀erosion老化ageing磨损wear蠕变creep 应力stress应变strain辐照肿胀irradiation swelling1.7. 阀门波动管surge line安全阀safety valve卸压阀relief valve爆破阀squib valve主蒸汽隔离阀main steam isolation valve。
电气英语词汇
Busbarframe
母线支架
buscouple
母联
button
按钮
Bypass/bypass
BYP
旁路
Bypassvalve
旁路阀
C
cabinet
柜
cable
电缆
calculator
计算器
caliber
管径、尺寸、大小
calorie
卡
caloric
热的、热量
Caloricvalue
发热量、热值
acceleration
加速
accelerator
加速器
accept
同意
access
存取
accomplish
完成,到达
accumulator
蓄电池,累加器
Accumulatorbattery
蓄电池组
accuracy
正确,精确
acid
酸性,酸的
Acidwashing
酸洗
acknowledge
确认,响应
Close
关闭
Closedcoolingwater
闭式冷却水
Closed-loop
闭环
Cluster
电池组、组、群
Coal
煤
Coalash
煤灰
Coalbreaker
碎煤机
Coalconsumption
耗煤量、煤耗
Coalcrusher
碎煤机
Coalhandling
输煤设备、输煤装置
Coaldust
煤粉
仪控
Controlloop
操纵环
Controloil
操纵油
核电专业英语词汇
1.1. 原子核、核子及相关术语质子proton中子neutron电子electron核子nucleon核nucleus （pl.）nuclei 原子atom光子photon正电子positron量子quantum, quanta (pl.) 电子伏特electron-volt (eV) 兆电子伏特mega electron-volt (MeV) 同位素isotope原子序数atomic number质量数mass number超铀元素transuranium element元素周期表periodic table热中子thermal neutron快中子fast neutron复合核compound nucleus1.2. 相关元素与材料1.2.1.核燃料与增殖材料铀uranium（U）钚plutonium（Pu）氘，重氢deuterium，heavy hydrogen氚tritium混合氧化物燃料（MOX燃料）Mixed (Uranium and Plutonium) OXide fuel二氧化铀uranium dioxide浓缩铀enriched uranium贫铀depleted uranium 碳化铀uranium carbide钍thorium锂lithium锕系元素actinide element易裂变的fissile可裂变的、可裂变物质fissionable 增殖同位素fertile isotope核嬗变nuclear transmutation转化conversion1.2.2.其它核材料及核电厂用材料慢化剂moderator轻水light water重水heavy water石墨graphite冷却剂coolant氦helium液态金属liquid metal钠sodium包壳cladding铝aluminium镁magnesium锆zirconium锆2/4合金zircaloy-2/4不锈钢stainless steel控制材料control material通量展平flux-shaping银silver铟indium镉cadmium可燃毒物burnable poison硼boron硼酸boric acid锂lithium铍beryllium乏燃料spent fuel因科镍，因康INCONEL不锈钢stainless steel 1.3. 核反应及相关术语decay衰变fission裂变fusion聚变nuclear reaction核反应chain reaction链式反应cross section截面microscopic cross section微观截面macroscopic cross section宏观截面absorbing cross section吸收截面scattering cross section散射截面barn靶恩delayed neutron缓发中子prompt neutron瞬发中子prompt criticality瞬发临界fissile易裂变的fissionab可裂变的lemorderate / slow down慢化breeding ratio增殖比burnup燃耗reactivity反应性neutron cycle中子循环fission product裂变产物criticality临界prompt critical瞬发临界flux通量xenon氙iodine碘actinide锕系（元素）reactivity worth反应性价值慢化剂温度系数 moderator temperature coefficient反应性系数 reactivity coefficient剩余反应性 excess reactivity燃料比功率 fuel specific power倍增因子multiplication factor有效增殖系数effective multiplication factor；effective multiplication constant无限介质增殖系数infinite multiplication factor；infinite multiplication constant快中子增殖系数fast fission factor热中子利用系数thermal utilization factor不泄漏几率nonleakage probability逃脱共振俘获几率resonance escape probability四因子公式four-factor formula多普勒增宽Doppler broadening*总集成中子通量/总积分中子通量Total Integrated Neutron Flux = Integrated Flux or Fluence (注量) = Neutron density ⨯ Velocity ⨯Time [单位：n/m3⋅ m/s ⋅ s = n/m2]1.4. 反应堆压水堆Pressurized Water Reactor (PWR)沸水堆Boiling Water Reactor (BWR)加拿大重水铀反应堆（坎杜堆）CANadian Deuterium and Uranium reactor (CANDU) / pressurized heavy water reactor (PHWR)英国气冷堆（美诺克斯堆）British gas-cooled Magnox reactor高温气冷堆high temperature gas-cooled reactor (HTGR)快中子增殖反应堆fast breeder reactor (FBR)轻水堆Light Water Reactor (LWR)先进反应堆advanced reactor超临界水反应堆supercritical water reactor欧洲压水堆（第三代反应堆之一）European Pressurized water Reactor (EPR) （美国）先进压水堆600/1000（第三代(+)反应堆之一）AP(WR)600 / 10001.5. 核电厂部件、设备与系统燃料芯块fuel pellet燃料元件fuel element燃料棒fuel rod燃料组件fuel assembly定位格架spacer grid法兰flange密封环seal ring阻力塞plug(上/下)腔室(upper / lower ) plenum堆芯，活性区core反应堆压力容器Reactor Pressure V essel (RPV)上封头upper closure head液压螺栓拉伸机(张紧机) hydraulic stud tensioner包覆层clad (碳钢表面的防腐蚀堆焊层) 控制棒control rod控制棒组件Control Element Assembly (CEA)可燃吸收棒burnable absorber rod控制棒驱动机构Control Element Drive Mechanism (CEDM)变送器transmitter信号调理signal regulation吊篮barrel进/出口接管inlet / outlet nozzle冷/热端，冷/热腿，冷/热管段cold / hot leg 反应堆堆内构件reactor vessel internals肿胀swelling腐蚀corrode, corrosion 侵蚀erode, erosion氧化oxidation, oxidize完整性integrity反应堆冷却剂泵（主泵）Reactor Coolant Pump (RCP)屏蔽泵canned (motor) pump轴封泵shaft seal pump反应堆冷却剂系统（一回路系统）Reactor Coolant System (RCS)核蒸汽供应系统Nuclear Steam Supply System (NSSS)一回路primary loop/circuit一回路系统/主回路系统primary system二回路secondary loop稳压器pressurizer (PRZ)波动管surge line汽水分离器moisture separator干燥器（二/三级汽水分离器）steam dryer 安全阀safety valve卸压阀relief valve溢流阀overflow valve主蒸汽隔离阀main steam isolation valve单向阀check valve止回阀non-return valve主蒸汽联箱main steam header给水调节阀feed regulating valve蒸汽发生器Steam Generator (SG)主蒸汽管Main Steam Line (MSL)汽轮机steam turbine汽水分离再热器Moisture Separator Reheater (MSR)给水泵feed (water) pump上充泵charging pump凝汽器condenser发电机(electric) generator安全壳containment地基，基础foundation烟道stack贯穿件penetration核岛nuclear island常规岛conventional island核电厂配套子项Balance of Plant (BOP)一回路辅助系统auxiliary system for primary loop化学与容积控制系统（化容系统）Chemical and V olume Control System (CVCS)专设安全设施Engineered Safety Feature (ESF)余热排出系统Residual Heat-Removal System (RHRS)应急堆芯冷却系统Emergency Core Cooling System (ECCS),安注系统Safety Injection (SI) System直接注射系统direct vessel injection (DVI) 换料水箱Refueling Water Storage Tank (IRWST) (乏)燃料贮存水池(spent) fuel storage pool 燃料装卸系统fuel handling system蓄压箱accumulator机组unit辅助喷淋auxiliary spray柴油发电机Diesel generator自动保护系统Automatic Protective System (APS)自动降压系统automatic depressurization system (ADS)仪控系统Instrumentation and Control System (I & C system)开关设备，开关柜switch gear蒸汽轴封系统，压盖蒸汽密封系统gland steam system汽轮机旁路管turbine bypass line辅助给水泵auxiliary feedwater pump汽动给水泵turbine driven feedwater pump 导管conduit冷凝水泵condensate pump冷凝水增压泵condensate booster pump水润滑轴承water lubricated bearing人孔man way检修孔accessory port1.6. 反应堆运行运行operation运行工况operating condition操纵员operator维护maintenance监督、监视surveillance监督试样surveillance specimen辐照监督管irradiation surveillance capsule 辐照监督试样盒surveillance specimen compartment 硼浓度boron concentration稀释dilution / dilute硼注入 boron injection停堆shutdown紧急停堆scram / trip停役outage换料停堆refueling outage / refueling shutdown换料refuel卸料 discharge倒料 shuffling满功率运行full power operation负荷跟踪load following甩负荷load shedding, load rejection(控制棒等的)插入insertion(控制棒等的)抽出withdrawal反应堆调节系统Reactor Regulating System (RRS)(蒸汽发生器)排污、下泄blowdown规程procedure技术规格technical specification瞬态，瞬变transient安装调试installation and commissioning 冷态试验 cold functional test热态试验 hot functional test(反应堆)启动试验(reactor) start up test退役decommissioning主控室main control room方位角偏差azimuthal tilt径向功率分布radial power distribution轴向功率分布axial power distribution燃料管理方案fuel management scheme燃料-包壳交互作用fuel-clad interaction effect芯块-包壳交互作用(PCI) pellet-clad interaction(燃料)栅格、晶格lattice1.7. 反应堆安全核安全nuclear safety安全功能 safety function衰变热decay heat余热residual heat空泡系数void coefficient法律law法规regulation / code联邦管理法规Code of Federal Regulations (CFR)法案（美）Act导则guidance安全1/2/3级safety class 1/2/3可靠性reliability容限，裕量，边界margin堆芯热裕量core thermal margin堵管裕量tube plugging margin运行安全裕量operating margin标准，准则criterion，复数形式: criteria概率安全分析Probabilistic Safety Analysis (PSA)概率风险分析Probabilistic Risk Analysis (PRA)确定论安全分析deterministic safety analysis初步安全分析报告Preliminary Safety Analysis Report (PSAR)最终安全分析报告Final Safety Analysis Report (FSAR)安全评价报告safety evaluation report事件incident事故accident后果consequence严重事故severe accident堆芯损毁core damage堆芯融化core meltdown全厂断电station blackout冷却剂丧失事故（失水事故）Loss-of-coolant Accident (LOCA)反应性引入事故Reactivity Insertion Accident (RIA)未能紧急停堆的预计瞬变Anticipated Transient Without Scram (ATWS)失电Loss of Power失流Loss of flow先漏后破leak before break (LBB)故障安全，失效保护fail-safe单一故障准则single-failure criterion共因故障common cause failure固有安全性inherent safety非能动安全passive safety冗余性redundancy多样性diversity多层屏障multiple barrier纵深防御defense in depth潜热latent heat焓，热函sensible heat, enthalpy定期安全检查periodic safety inspection许可证license监管regulation核安全准则nuclear safety criteria三哩岛事故Three Mile Island (TMI) accident切尔诺贝利事故Chernobyl accident 工作不正常，故障malfunction失效failure假设始发事件postulated initiating events 事故工况accident condition严重事故severe accident事故处理accident management设计基准事故design basis accident负荷丧失事故loss of electrical load accident主给水丧失事故loss of main feed water accident卡棒事故stuck rod accident弹棒事故rod ejection accident堵管裕量tube plugging margin管道甩摆限制pipe whip restraint在役检查inservice inspection承压热冲击pressurized thermal shock1.8. 放射性与辐射防护radioactivity放射性scatter散射deflect, deflection折射衍射diffraction穿透penetrate, penetration交互作用interact, interaction ionization电离湮灭annihilate (v.), annihilation (n.) 衰减attenuate(v.), attenuation(n.) projectile入射离子radiation protection辐射防护radiation, ray辐射，射线irradiation辐照，（向外）辐射internal exposure内照射external exposure外照射occupational dose职业照射（剂量）fluence注量cosmic ray宇宙射线x-ray X射线α/β/γ射线α/β/γrayhealth physics保健物理shielding屏蔽biological shield生物屏蔽剂量dosedose equivalent剂量当量collective dose集体剂量individual dose个人剂量ingest, ingestion摄入，摄取inhale, inhalation吸入coma昏迷cramp绞痛diarrhea腹泻tremor颤抖vomit呕吐somatic身体的somatic effect躯体反应radiation sickness辐照病变symptom征兆therapy治疗survivor幸存者activation product活化产物effluent废水natural background天然本底sivert希弗spectrum谱雷姆rem氡radon as low as reasonably achievable (ALARA) 合理可行尽量低radioactive waste disposal放射性废物处理high-level (radioactive) waste高放废物low-level (radioactive) waste低放废物1.9. 有关机构International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) 国际原子能机构American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) 美国机械工程师学会Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC/USNRC) 美国核管会Department Of Energy (DOE) 美国能源部World Association of Nuclear Operators (W ANO) 世界核电运营者协会International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) 国际辐射防护委员会China Atomic Energy Authority （CAEA）中国国家原子能机构State Environment Protection Administration of China国家环保总局1.10. 其它术语1.10.1.表示方向lateral横向longitudinal纵向radial径向perpendicular to垂直于vertically mounted垂直/立式安装circumferential环向axial轴向periphery周边1.10.2.材料失效术语corrosion腐蚀stress corrosion cracking应力腐蚀开裂rapture, fracture, break断裂breach破口肿胀swellingcavitation气蚀pitting点蚀/孔蚀crevice corrosion缝隙腐蚀erosion冲蚀FAC flow accelerated corrosion流动加速腐蚀wastage耗蚀(SG tube) dent凹陷，凹痕fatigue疲劳ageing老化degradation降级wear磨损fretting wear微动磨损creep蠕变stress应力strain应变creep strength蠕变强度tensile strength抗拉强度yield strength屈服强度rapture strength断裂强度nil-ductility transition temperature零延性转变温度thermal stress热应力irradiation swelling辐照肿胀deposit welding, overlaying, build-up welding,surface welding堆焊seal weld密封焊heat affected zone (HAZ) 焊接热影响区1.10.3.核电工程术语procurement征购site厂址call for bid, call for tender招标commercial offer商务标technical offer技术标commencement开工contract合同firm contract不可更改的合同subcontract分包合同commitment承诺，任务job site工地，工作现场technical requirement 技术要求技术规格technical specificationnon-conformance不符合项delivery交货warehouse仓库construction schedule施工计划Free on Board (FOB) 离岸价格Cost Insurance and Freight (CIF) 到岸价格Engineering, Procurement & Construction EPC合同-设计采购建造power grid电网distribution system输变电系统1.10.4.其它compound化合物mixture混合物mass质量momentum动量energy能量potential (energy) 势能kinetic energy动能inertia惯性half-life半衰期mean free path平均自由程fuel cycle燃料循环hot spot热点hot-channel factor热管因子departure from nucleate boiling ratio (DNBR) 偏离泡核沸腾比heat transfer传热heat exchanger换热器heat conduction导热convection对流热辐射thermal / heat radiation干度quality蒸汽steam预应力钢筋混凝土prestressed reinforced concrete / prestressed concrete钢筋混凝土reinforced concrete铁钢沙混凝土Steel shot concret筋，钢筋束tendon流量分配flow distribution电网power grid业主utility承包商contractor分包商sub-contractor压降pressure drop压差differential pressure水位(water) level规定，条款；保障；装备provision地震earthquake地震的seismic飓风tornado暖通空调Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HV AC)热阱heat sink惰转coastdown惰转流量coastdown flow功率失常激增，功率漂移power excursion 减轻，缓解v. mitigate, n. mitigation公差、容差allowance间隙，公差clearance权重因子weighting factor 1.11. 有必要了解的词汇与短语as a rule of thumb根据经验by orders of magnitude以数量级incipient failure早期故障, 初期故障eliminate, elimination消除derive, derivation, deduce, deduction导出，起源mechanism, approach, principle, theory机理，原理susceptible敏感的susceptibility敏感性toxic有毒的acute急剧的inherit遗传hereditary遗传性的altitude高度postulate, postulation假定，假设permeable可渗透的, 有渗透性的impermeable不可渗透的brittle fracture脆性破裂embrittlement脆化toughness韧性ductility延展性第2章阅读理解题练习2.1. Passage 1As a result reactor designers have paid great attention to the inherent safety of reactors which can be achieved by negative temperature and power coefficients and fail-safe control systems. It can be said with some confidence that present-day thermal reactors are safe in the sense that under no conceivable circumstance can they explode like a bomb, and control systems have been designed which can, in the event of any malfunction on the part of the reactor or its associated plant, automatically and rapidly shut down the reactor, i.e. make it subcritical by a substantial amount, in a very few seconds.1. According to the paragraph, inherent safety of reactors can be achieved by . （C）A. the operators;B. positive temperature and positive power coefficients;C. negative temperature and negative power coefficients;D. passive safety system and positive power coefficients.2. The best title of the passage may probably be . （D）A. fail-safe control system；B. thermal reactor safety and operation;C. automatic protective system;D. inherent safety design of reactors.2.2. Passage IIThe biological shield should contain some hydrogen compound to slow down fast neutrons, and be dense enough to attenuate gamma radiation effectively. Concrete satisfies both these requirements fairly well and is suitable for landbase reactors. Barytes (重晶石) concrete, containing the heavy element barium, and steel-shot concrete have been used for biological shields. They are more dense than ordinary concrete, with improved shielding properties, however their higher cost offsets this advantage. The biological shield for a marine reactor, which is usually a fairly compact pressurized water reactor, must satisfy a minimum space and weight requirement. This leads to a shield design which consists typically of alternate layers of water (for fast neutron slowing) and steel (for gamma ray attenuation).3. According to the above passage, is not possible for constructing biological shield? （C）A. steel;B. concrete;C. graphite;D. paraffin wax.4. Which of the following sentences is not true? （D）A. The biological shield is designed mainly to slow down fast neutrons and attenuate gamma radiation.B. The marine reactor uses alternative steel and water layers as its biological shield.C. The combination of heavy element concrete and steel bars could improve the shielding properties.D. The biological shield should use hydrogen element to slow down fast neutron and attenuate gamma radiations.2.3. Passage IIIIn order to mitigate the effects of large release of steam (an potentially of radioactivity) in the containment, two full capacity independent safety systemsare provided; the reactor building spray system and the reactor building emergency coolers. The systems are designed to provide cool water to condense discharge steam and to prevent containment pressure from reaching its design limit. Individual systems differ considerably but a typical system may be described as follows; The initial capacity of the systems in removing heat from the containment atmosphere is typically 253GJ/hr.When a containment pressure of 4psig is reached, the emergency coolers of the reactor building are actuated. In their post accident mode, the system consists of three units each with a fan and an emergency cooler. As the reactor building air is circulated across a tubular heat exchanger, a portion of steam is condensed. These coolers alone would be capable of returning the containment pressure to near atmospheric within 24 hr after an accident. When the pressure reaches a level of 10 psig, the second safety system, the reactor building spray system, is automatically actuated. It consists of a pump, piping, headers, and spray nozzles arranged uniformly under the containment dome. It can spray borated water into the reactor building at a rate of 11.35m3/min. A sodium hydroxide additive is also provided in the spray water to increase the retention of iodine, and hence, to reduce its concentration in the containment atmosphere in the event of a sizable breach of fuel cladding.5. Two full capacity independent safety systems are provided for the design purpose of . （A）A. condensing the steam released into the containment when pressure exceeds design limit.B. maintaining the high pressure in the containmentC. discharging large amount of steamD. mitigating the effect of radiation hazard to the containment.6. The reactor building spray system will be actuated automatically . （C）A. after 24 hours after the accident;B. immediately after the accident;C. when the containment pressure reaches a level of design limit;D. when the air in the containment is circulated through the heat exchanger.7. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT? （B）A. The emergency cooler consists of fans and heat exchangers.B. The emergency cooler system can spray borated water into containment.C. All the two system are applied for returning the containment pressure tobe blow atmospheric after the accident.D. Sodium hydroxide additive is provided in the spray water to reduce the amount of radioactive fission produces.2.4. Passage IVMany reactor-years of operating experience have shown that it is not the fission chain reaction in the reactor core that is the most likely source of malfunction and accidents, but the “conventional”components of the power plant such as pumps, valves, switches, relays and parts under stress such as pressure vessel or pipework. Human error on the part of operating and maintenance staff has also proved to be a rather frequent source of trouble in nuclear power plant.These factors are not peculiar to nuclear power plant, but they assume great importance because of the hazardous nature of nuclear reactors. Designers have to ensure that all systems should as far as possible be fail-safe and redundant, i.e. if one system fails to function correctly, another is available to fulfill the same function.As stated above, nuclear reactors cannot explode like nuclear bombs. This primarily because of the fast acting negative thermal feedback due to Doppler broadening of the 238U absorption resonances. In addition in thermal reactors where neutrons are moderated, the prompt neutron lifetime Lp is the order of 10-4 second; in a bomb, since the neutrons are unmoderated, the prompt neuron lifetime is of the order of 10-8 seconds. Finally, reactor fuel consists typically of 2 to 3 percent 235U, where as nuclear weapons contain almost pure 239Pu. The net effect of these difference is that, even in a reactor which is totally out of control and gone prompt critical, the reactor period will not be much less than a second or so. In a nuclear bomb, the period is of the order of nanoseconds.(1)According to the text, the most likely source of troubles in a nuclear comes fromA.Core of the reactorB.Conventional componentsC.Parts under stressD.Human error(2)The first sentence of second paragraph “These factors are not peculiar to …”,what does “These factors” mean?A.Human errorB.Malfunction of conventional componentsC.Fission chain reaction in the coreD.All of the above(3)What make the pressurized water reactors can not explode like a nuclear bomb?A.Doppler broadening of the 238U absorption resonancesB.The neutrons are moderatedC.PWR fuel contains much less fissile isotopes than nuclear bombD.All of the above(4)The last two sentences “The net effect of … is of the order of nanoseconds.” Givea comparison about the reactor period, what does the author most likely toexpress?A.The reactor period is too short comparing with a nuclear bombB.The 239Pu in a nuclear bomb is more easily to go prompt criticalityC.The nuclear reactor can not generate large amount of heat as a nuclear bombdoes within very short time, therefore nuclear reactor can not explode.D.The author wants to give us a reference about the data of the reactor periodtime.2.5. Passage VThe primary functions of the control rod drive mechanisms (CRDM) are to insert or withdraw rod cluster control assemblies and gray rod control assembles into or from the core to control average core temperature at a designed speed. A schematic diagram of CRDM is given in Fig 1. Control rod withdrawal one step involves six actions.1) Moveable Gripper Coil B-on.The latch-locking plunger rises andswings the movable gripper latchesinto the drive rod assembly groove. Asmall axial clearance exists betweenthe latch teeth and the drive rod.2) Stationary Gripper Coil A-off.The force of gravity, acting upon thedrive rod assembly and attachedcontrol rod, causes the stationarygripper and plunger to movedownward 1/16 inch, transferring theload of the drive rod assembly andattached control rod to the movablegripper latches. The plungerFig 1. Control rod drive mechanism continues to move downward andswings the stationary gripper latches out of the drive rod assembly groove.3) Lift Coil C-on. The 5/8-inch gap between the movable gripper pole and the lift pole closes, and the drive rod assembly rises one step length.4) Stationary Gripper Coil A-on. The plunger rises and rises the gap below the stationary gripper pole. The three links, pinned to the plunger, swing the stationary gripper latches into a drive rod assembly groove. The latches contact the drive rod assembly and lift it a small fraction of an inch. The small vertical drive rod assembly movement transfers the drive rod assembly load from the movable gripper latches to the stationary gripper latches.5) Movable Gripper Coil –off. The latch-locking plunger separates from the movable gripper pole under the force of a spring and gravity. Three links, pinned to the plunger, swing the three movable gripper latches out of the drive rod assembly groove.6) Lift Coil C –off. The gap between the movable gripper pole and the life pole opens. The movable gripper latches drop 5/8 inch to a position adjacent to a drive rod assemble groove.Repetition of the above six actions will make another step of withdrawal movement of control rod.(1)According to the text, the most likely source of troubles in a nuclear comes fromA.Core of the reactorB.Conventional componentsC.Parts under stressD.Human error(2)According to the text, the most likely source of troubles in a nuclear comes fromA.Core of the reactorB.Conventional componentsC.Parts under stressD.Human error第3章句子翻译－举例3.1. Which 从句(1)The atoms of all elements, which at one time were thought to be thefundamental particles of nature, consist of numbers of three more fundamental particles-protons, neutrons and electrons. 曾经被认为是自然界中基础粒子的原子是由多个更基础的粒子组成－质子、中子和电子。
核专业英语词汇
核电厂专业英语词汇人工的artificial化学键chemical bond化合物compound上标superscript下标subscript放射性的radioactive加权平均weighted mean质量mass单位，机组unit质量亏损mass defect结合能binding energy动能kinetic energy势能potential, potential energy排斥repulsion吸引attraction轰击bombardment发射（出）emission (n.), emit (v.)能级energy level裂变fission 聚变fusion衰变decay核反应nuclear reaction链式反应chain reaction辐射，射线radiation可裂变的fissionable易裂变的fissile碎片fragment激发excite静电的electrostatic（二）放射性相互作用interaction摄入ingest吸入inhale动能kinetic energy势能potential (energy)量子quantum屏蔽shielding正电子positron加速器accelerator放射性radioactivity湮灭annihilation光电效应photoelectric effect（三）核反应衰减attenuation放大amplification弹性的elastic非弹性的inelastic宏观截面macroscopic cross section微观截面microscopic cross section转变，转化transmutation扩散diffusion热核反应堆thermonuclear reactor（四）核材料燃料fuel燃料芯块fuel pellet慢化剂moderator冷却剂coolant包壳cladding 控制棒control rod密度density热导率，传热系数thermal conductivity比热specific heat粘性viscosity饱和saturation热力性质，热物性thermodynamic property反应性reactivity升华sublime金属间化合物inter-metallic compound裂变产物fission product裂变碎片fission fragment腐蚀产物corrosion product冷轧cold pressing烧结sintering开裂crack蠕变creep高温气冷堆High Temperature Gas-cooled Reactor (HTGR)（中子）通量展平flux-shaping（五）核反应堆理论自持的链式反应self-sustaining chain reaction燃料循环fuel cycle临界(a) critical次临界(a) subcritical超临界(a) supercritical临界(n) criticality临界尺寸critical size共振resonance弹性散射碰撞elastic scattering collision热中子利用系数thermal utilization factor慢化slow down换料(v) refuel快中子增殖反应堆，快堆Fast Breeding Reactor (FBR)堆芯，活性区core再生区blanket半透膜semi-permeable membrane旋转spin (过去分词：spun)热中子反应堆，热堆thermal reactor快堆fast reactor（十）压水反应堆压水反应堆，压水堆Pressurized Water Reactor (PWR)蒸汽发生器steam generator一次侧primary side二次侧secondary side发电机electrical generator, generator燃料芯块fuel pellet包壳cladding堆芯core给水泵feed(water) pump反应堆（压力）容器reactor vessel, pressure vessel硼酸boric acid化学补偿控制chemical shim control堆坑reactor pit气密的airtight再生区blanket用户，业主，业界utility卖主，供应商vendor, supplier制造商manufacturer 多重屏障multiple barriers纵深防御defense in depth冗余性redundancy多样性diversity独立性independence包容contain安全级safety class失效failure安全功能safety function反应堆冷却剂系统Reactor Coolant System (RCS)在役检查inservice inspection汽水分离器moisture separator干燥器steam dryer堆内构件reactor internals反应堆冷却剂泵，主泵reactor coolant pump (RCP), main pump稳压器pressurizer波动管surge line剖视图sectional view一次冷却剂primary coolant主蒸汽main steam反应性引入reactivity insertion浓度concentration信号调理signal conditioning反应堆紧急停堆reactor trip汽机脱扣turbine trip可靠性reliability 规范，法规code燃耗burnup（十一）反应堆容器与堆内构件监视surveillance样品，试样specimen安装mount临界值，限值threshold （机）接合，啮合，对位engage凸缘，凸起部，轮毂boss逐渐变细的tapered圆顶dome围板shroud（十二）反应堆堆芯与燃料可燃吸收棒burnable absorber rod固有安全性inherent safety非能动安全passive safety能动安全active safety套管，套筒sleeve定位格架spacer grid星形架，蜘蛛spider（十三）压水堆冷却剂系统主要设备U形管蒸汽发生器U-tube steam generator核供汽系统Nuclear Steam Supply System (NSSS)一次系统primary system 二次系统secondary system主蒸汽main steam汽轮机，透平机械turbine给水与凝汽系统feed and condensate system热管段，热腿hot leg冷管段，冷腿cold leg堵管裕量tube plugging margin在¼¼情况下in the event of换热器heat exchanger (HX)节热器，省煤器economiz给水feedwater一次进口水室inlet plenum一次进口接管primary inlet nozzle一次出口水室outlet plenum一次出口接管primary outlet nozzle管板tubesheet喷放；（SG）排污blowdown上升段riser下降段downcomer满功率full power (FP)额定功率rated power额定负荷rated load化学和容积控制系统Chemical and Volume Control System (CVCS)加热，升温heatup冷却，降温cooldown喷淋管线spray line辅助喷淋管线auxiliary spray line上充泵charging pump 上充charge下泄letdown水位water level, level备用的backup过压保护overpressure protection安全壳内换料水箱In-containment Refueling Water Storage Tank (IRWST)换料水箱Refueling Water Storage Tank (RWST)安全阀safety valve卸压阀relief valve全厂断电station blackout (SBO)（蒸汽）干度quality空泡份额void fraction热冲击thermal shock急冷，骤冷quench（十四）压水堆系统与安全壳裂变碎片fission fragment轻水反应堆Light Water Reactor (LWR)热机thermal engine原动机prime mover反馈feedback一（次）回路primary loop二（次）回路secondary loop核电厂配套子项Balance of Plant (BOP)一次压力边界primary pressure boundary隔离阀isolation valve失效failure故障fault, malfuction卡诺效率Carnot efficiency热机效率engine efficiency高温热源，热库hot reservoir低温热源cold reservoir摩擦friction余热排出系统ResidualHeat-Removal System (RHRS)换料(n) refueling应急堆芯冷却系统Emergency Core- Cooling System (ECCS)补水与排水feed and bleed专设安全设施Engineered Safety Feature (ESF)设备冷却水系统Component Cooling System止回阀non-return valve蓄压箱accumulator电动阀motor-driven valve气动阀pneumatic valve安注泵safety injection pump安全壳containment钢筋混凝土reinforced concrete预应力钢筋混凝土prestressed reinforced concrete英制压力单位psi = pounds per square inch 英制压力单位（表压）psig = pounds per square inch gauge环形的annular 潜热latent heat显热sensible heat启动startup飞射物，导弹missile蒸汽管线steamline安全壳地坑containment sump（十六）主蒸汽、给水与凝汽系统机组unit负荷load主蒸汽集管main steam header给水联箱feedwater header给水回热循环regenerative feed heating cycle磨损wear污垢，结垢fouling装量inventory蒸汽（旁路）排放steam dump冷凝器排放condenser steam dump大气排放atmospheric steam dump除氧器排放deoxidizer steam dump电缆electric cable辅助给水系统auxiliary feedwater system压差differential pressure, pressure differential, pressure difference增压泵booster pump增压boost pressure吸入口suction凝汽器condenser凝汽器热阱condenser hotwell给水流量调节阀feed regulating valve给水调节旁通阀feed regulating bypass valve疏水drain阶跃变化step change线性（斜坡）变化ramp change溢流阀overflow valve工艺汽process steam紧急停堆trip; scram停堆shutdown停堆，停堆期outrage手动地manually自动地automatically质量流率mass flow rate关断阀shutoff valve（十七）核电厂运行运行因子operation factor负荷因子load factor使用因子，运行因子service factor可利用因子availability技术规范technical specification稳压器汽空间建立draw a pressure steam bubble未能紧急停堆的预计瞬变Anticipated Transient Without Scram (ATWS)未能紧急停堆的预计瞬变Anticipated Transient Without Trip (ATWT)失电loss of power失流loss of flow辅助喷淋auxiliary spray采样sampling（十九）核安全核安全nuclear safety过热overheating破裂rupture置信度confidence负温度系数negative temperature coefficient 事故accident堆年reactor-year快堆fast reactor热堆thermal reactor失效安全fail safe三哩岛事故Three Mile Island accident (TMI accident)切尔诺贝利事故Chernobyl accident设计基准事故Design Basis Accident (DBA)严重事故severe accident熔融meltdown多普勒展宽Doppler broadening反应性引入事故Reactivity Insertion Accident (RIA)冷却剂丧失事故，失水事故Loss-Of-Coolant Accident (LOCA)自动保护系统Automatic Protective System (APS)瞬发临界prompt critical蒸汽发生器传热管破裂Steam Generator Tube Rapture (SGTR)确定性安全分析deterministic safety analysis概率安全分析Probabilistic Safety Assessment (PSA)。
反应堆安全分析英文缩写
ABWR advanced boiling water reactor 先进沸水堆APWR advanced pressurized water reactor 先进压水堆AP advance passive plant 先进非能动电厂ADS accelerator driven system加速器驱动机构AFP auxiliary feedwater pump 辅助给水泵ATWS anticipated transient without screen 未能停堆的预计瞬变ANSI American national standards Institute 美国标准协会BDBA beyond design basic accident 超设计基准事故BOL beginning of life 寿期初CEFR china experimental fast reactor 中国实验快堆CSS containment spray system 安全壳喷淋系统CVCS chemical and volume control system 化容控制系统CSRDM control and safety rod drive mechanism 控制棒安全棒驱动机构CHF critical heat flux 临界热流密度DHX direct heat exchanger直接热交换器DBA design basic accident 设计基准事故DOE department of energy 美国能源部DCH direct containment heating 直接安全壳加热DNBR departure from nuclear boiling ratio 偏离泡核沸腾比ESD emergency shutdown device 紧急停堆仪器ECCS emergency core cooling system 应急堆芯冷却系统EPR European pressurized reactor 欧洲压水堆ESS emergency shutdown system 紧急停堆系统EFS emergency feedwater system 应急给水系统ESF emergency safety features 专设安全设施EPRI the electric power research institute 美国电力研究会EOL end of life 寿期末EFPD effective full power days 有效满功率天数EM evaluation model 评价模型EFW emergency feed water 紧急供水GFR gas-cooled fast reactor 气冷快堆HEM homogeneous equilibrium model 均相平衡模型HPIS high pressure injection system 高温安注系统HTGR high-temperature gas-cooled reactor 高温气冷堆HTTR high-temperature test reactor 高温工程试验堆IFR integral fast reactor 整体快堆IHX integral heat exchanger 中间热交换器INSAG International nuclear safety 国际核安全咨询IDCOR industry degraded core rule making 工业退役堆芯规则LFR lead-cooled fast reactor 铅冷快堆LPIS low pressure injection system 低压安注系统LOCA loss of coolant accident 失水事故LOFA loss of flow accident 失流事故LOFW loss of boilen feed water 丧失蒸汽发生器给水LOOP loss of offsite power 热阱丧失事故MHTGR modular high-temperature gas-cooled reactor 模块化高温气冷堆MSR molten salt reactor 熔盐堆MSIV main steam isolation value 主蒸汽管道隔离阀MSLB main steam line break 主蒸汽管道破裂NRC nuclear regulatory commission 美国核管会PBMR pebble bed modular reactor 球床模块式反应堆PCRV prestressed concrete reactor vessel 预应力混凝土反应堆容器PIUS process inherent ultimate safety 过程固有最终安全堆PRA probabilistic risk assessment 概率风险评价PSA probabilistic safety assessment 概率安全评价PFBR prototype fast breeder reactor 快中子增殖堆RCS reactor coolant system 反应堆冷却系统RCP reactor coolant pump 反应堆冷却剂泵POH reactor outlet header 反应堆出口集管RIH reactor inlet header 反应堆入口集管RHR residual heat removal 余热排出系统RELAP reactor excursion and leak analysis program 反应堆泄漏分析程序RSS reactor safety study 反应堆安全研究RIA reactivity insertion accident 反应堆引入事故SBLOCA small break loss of coolant accident 小破口失水事故SARP severe accident research program 严重事故研究项目SFR sodium-cooled fast reactor 钠冷快堆SIR safe integral reactor 固有安全堆SCWR super-critical-water reactor 超临界水冷堆SPX super-phoenix reactor 超级凤凰堆SGTR steam generator tube rupture 蒸汽发生器传热管道破裂事故SGCC state grid corporation of china 国家电网公司THTR thorium high-temperature nuclear reactor 钍高温气冷堆VHTR very-high-temperature reactor 超高温气冷堆。
反应堆堆型及相关名词术语
◎反应堆堆型及相关名词术语:反应堆reactor重水堆heavy-water reactor ( HWR)轻水堆light-water reactor ( LWR)沸水堆boiling water reactor (BWR)压水堆pressurized water reactor (PWR)气冷堆gas-cooled reactor (GCR)高温气冷堆high-temperature gas-cooled reactor (HTGR) 实验堆experimental reactor商用堆commercial reactor commerce物项item反应堆容器reactor vessel反应堆压力容器reactor pressure vessel (RPV)反应堆堆芯reactor core堆内构件reactor internals external燃料元件fuel element燃料组件fuel assembly installation控制棒control rod调节棒regulating rod(堆芯) 吊篮(core) barrel中子源neutron source乏燃料spent fuel反应堆冷却剂系统reactor coolant system（反应堆冷却剂系统）压力边界pressure boundary反应堆冷却剂环路reactor coolant loop反应堆冷却剂泵reactor coolant pump一次冷却剂primary coolant二次冷却剂secondary coolant稳压器pressurizer 变压器transformer一回路primary circuit二回路secondary circuit第六课时反应堆冷却剂除水系统(reactor) coolant degassing system核设备疏水和排水系统（轻水堆）nuclear component drain and vent system feed water容积控制箱（压水堆）volume control tank安全系统safety system保护系统protection system安全系统支持设施safety system support features应急堆芯冷却系统emergency core cooling system高压安全注射系统high head safety injection system低压安全注射系统low head safety injection system安全注射箱accumulator堆芯喷淋系统core spray system安全壳喷淋系统containment spray system安全壳排水地坑containment drainage sump再循环地坑recirculation sump recycle安全壳隔离系统containment isolation system安全壳贯穿件containment penetration assembly penetrate设备闸门equipment hatch气密闸门air lock辅助给水系统auxiliary feed water system应急给水系统emergency feed water system换料refueling装料fuel loading卸料discharge泄漏leakage停堆shutdown停堆冷却系统shutdown cooling system余热排出系统residual heat removal system residue换料腔refueling cavity换料水箱refueling water tank燃料装卸和贮存系统fuel handling and storage system燃料运输通道fuel transfer tube pipe(核电厂)的运行operation (of NPP) construction installation commissioning operation核事故nuclear accident技术规格书specification不符合项nonconformance质保大纲QA (quality assurance) program 图纸drawing （平面图plan剖面图section示意图sketch曲线图curve details详图details）nuclear energy 核能nuclear fission 核裂变nuclear fusion 核聚变nuclear radiation 核辐射nuclear reaction 核反应nuclear reactor核反应堆nuclear waste 核废料nuclear weapon 核武器Nuclear Island / NI 核岛Conventional Island/CI 常规岛Reactor Building 反应堆厂房Auxiliary Building 核辅助厂房Annex Building 核附属厂房Diesel Generating Building 柴油机发电厂房Radwaste Treatment Building 核废料处理厂房Containment Vessel / CV 安全壳容器Steam Generator 蒸发器Turbine Building 汽轮机厂房。
康明斯COOLING SYSTEM冷却系统
当有其它冷却器与散热器串联安装时的组合匹配特性
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应用工程培训
风扇效率
Cooling System 冷 却 系 统
Guidelines 设 计 指 南－ 冷却 性能
系统总效率 ＝ i
实 际 风 量Q＝ 理 论 风 量Q0 X 效 率
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应用工程培训
Cooling System 冷 却 系 统
Coolant Recommendations 冷却液推荐
康明斯公司推荐在大多数气候条件下使用50％乙 烯乙二醇或丙烯乙二醇基的防冻液与50％纯净水 的混合液作发动机的冷却液。对使用湿缸套的C系 列以上的发动机还需要添加规定浓度的防腐蚀剂 DCA4。某些新型防冻液可以不需要DCA4，如加 德士公司的Extended Life Coolant.
EXTENDED LIFE COOLANTS
BOILING PROTECTION 沸点保护
温度
水 平 線 計 量 計 的 壓 力 (kPa)
应用工程培训
Cooling System 冷 却 系 统
Verification Procedure 评审程序
加注试验 (Cooling System Fill)
Guidelines 设 计 指 南－ 冷却 性能
典 型 散 热 器 特 性 －－ 单 位 芯 子
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应用工程培训
Cooling System 冷 却 系 统
Guidelines 设 计 指 南－ 冷却 性能
散 热 器 阻 力 特 性 －－ 调整 后
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应用工程培训
Cooling System 冷 却 系 统
应用
轻载 中载 重载
轮机英语各章节考点试题
1船舶主推进装置（19-20’）1.1船舶动力装置概述1.1.1船舶动力装置的组成和类型及对船舶动力装置的要求1. Each type of engine has its application on board ship. The ____ main propulsion diesel engine operates on the two-stroke cycle.A. low speedB. medium speedC. high speedD. steam speed1.2 船舶柴油机1.2.1 船舶柴油机的基本特性2. The cetane number of a diesel fuel oil indicates its ____.A. viscosityB. acid contentC. heating valueD. ignition quality3. The operation between two fuel injections is called a ____.A. turning cycleB. working cycleC. working hourD. working stroke1.2.2 船舶柴油机的工作原理和基本结构4. The greatest turbulence in a diesel engine cylinder is created by the ____.A. shape of the combustion chamberB. fuel injection spray patternC. cylinder swept volumeD. degree of penetration of the fuel oil droplets5. Because the tie bolts are so close to the crankshaft, some engines employ____ to hold the crankshaft main bearing cap in position instead of conventional studs and nuts.A. through boltsB. jack boltsC. tap boltsD. fitted bolts6. ____for attachment to the propeller shaft also accommodates the turning gear and is integrally forged the crankshaft.A. The coupling flangeB. The camshaftC. The crosshead pinD. The cylinder jackets7. Which of the two events listed occurs simultaneously in a two-stroke \cycle diesel engine?A. Exhaust and scavengingB. Scavenging and compressionC. Ignition and expansionD. Exhaust and compression8. The rotary motion of a diesel engine piston crankshaft is obtained from the up and down motion of the piston via the _____.A. camshaftB. reduction gearsC. rocker armD. connecting or piston rod9. Combustion gases formed in the cylinder of a diesel engine are prevented from blowing past the piston by___.A. cylinder valveB. compression ringsC. piston skirtsD. oil rings10. On a large diesel engine installation, crankshaft axial alignment is maintained by the____.A. piston rod guidesB. engine thrust bearingC. crosshead bearingD. main shaft flexible coupling11. In a two-stroke cycle diesel engine, the process of scavenging begins as the ____.A. piston nears and passes TDCB. latter part of down strokeC. piston passes BDCD. early part of the down stroke1.2.3 船舶柴油机的工作系统、操纵系统和控制系统12._____controls the fuel oil temperature in order to provide oil at the correct viscosity for combustion.A. The pressure switchB. The temperature controllerC. The flow meterD. The viscosity regulator13. A___ ensures a constant pressure at the fuel line.A. transfer pumpB. control air bottleC. pressure regulating valveD. non returning valve14. Oil control rings used in two-stroke cycle diesel engines are located near the bottom of the pistonskirt in order to____.A. increase the liner area covered by the oil filmB. maintain an oil film on the lower liner where scuffing is prevalentC. keep excess oil away from intake and export portsD. help cushion piston skirt side thrust by providing a hydrodynamic oil wedge15. Under normal conditions, the main source of crankcase oil contamination is attributed to____. A. metal particles loosened by wear B. air when air cleaners are not usedC. condensation of water vaporsD. breakdown of the lubricating oil by dilution16. The most common cause of lowering the crankcase lube oil flash point is____.A. with a higher pressureB. at a lower pressureC. no more pressureD. in a greater pressure17. In a diesel engine closed freshwater cooling system, the amount of coolant flowing through the heat exchanger is controlled by the____.A. suction pressure regulatorB. thermostatic bypass valveC. sea water temperatureD. water level in the expansion valve18. V ents are led from the engine to ___ for the release of air from the cooling water.A. the cooling jacketsB. the head tankC. the cooling water pumpD. the scavenging box19. On opposite ends of a single shaft of a turbocharger are a gas driven____ and a air compressor, which are sealed each other.A. charge air receiverB. scavenging air beltC. turbineD. air cooler20. The supercharger takes air out of the surrounding atmosphere and then feeds it to the engine’s____.A. inlet valvesB. exhaust valvesC. emergency valvesD. non-return valves21. Each cylinder has one starting valve which is usually opened by air pressure and closed by___.A. nuts and boltsB. new jointsC. spring forceD. sealing rings22. When ____ is operated, a supply of pilot air enables the remote valve to open.A. the distributorB. the air start leverC. the turning gearD. the cylinder air start valve23. A device which functions to bring a diesel engine to a full stop to protect it from damage is known is ____.A. torque limiterB. over-speed tripC. over-speed governorD. load limit governor24. When the rev/min increases, the governor weights move___, causing subsequent motions.A. inwardsB. out wardsC. upwardsD. downwards25. The purpose of an after-cooler is to___.A. reduce the turbocharger operating temperatureB. increase the pressure of the inlet airC. increase the density of the inlet airD. reduce the blower operating temperature1.2.3船舶运行中柴油机的管理26. Thermocouple pyrometers are used on large, main propulsion diesel engines to indicate the temperature of the_____.A. cooling water leaving each cylinderB. fuel oil entering the injectorC. exhaust gases at various locationsD. lube oil at the bearing supplies27. A diesel engine crankcase ventilation system____.A. prevent spark generationB. removes combustible gasesC. determines the level of combustible gasesD. provides inert gas generation in crankcase1.3船舶推进装置1.3.1 船舶推进装置的传动方式28.____ is used to prevent the entry of sea water to the machinery space.A. A special sealing glandB. PropellerC. TailshaftD. Sterntube bearing2船舶辅助机械（30’）2.1 船用锅炉2.1.1 船用锅炉的类型29. In a ___ boiler the water flows through the inside of the tubes while the hot gases pass around the outside.A. water-tubeB. fire-tubeC. exhaust gasD. none of the above2.1.2 船用锅炉的结构特点30. Soot blowers should be used in proper sequence so that____.A. excess stresses will not be set up in the boilerB. the decks will not be covered with sootC. the soot will be swept toward the uptakesD. there will not be a loss of steam pressure2.1.3 船用锅炉的运行管理31. The boiler feed pump discharge pressure is higher than the steam drum pressure to___.A. ensure feed water flow into the boilerB. keep the steam drum pressure highC. prevent the water hammer in the feed lineD. help the feed water flash to steam2.1.4 船用锅炉的故障分析和排除32. A feed pump for an auxiliary boiler might lose suction if the ____.A. boiler water level is lowB. feedwater is too hotC. boiler steam demand is lowD. feedwater is too cold33. Flame failure in an automatically fired auxiliary boiler can from a(an)___.A. incorrect electrode settingB. incorrect nozzle positionC. clogged fuel nozzleD. broken high tension lead2.2 船用泵2.1.1 船用泵的类型34. A vane pump belongs to ____ according to its working principle.A. reciprocating pumpB. positive displacement pumpC. centrifugal pumpD. centripetal pump2.1.2 常见船用泵的工作原理和结构特点35. The amount of fluid delivered by a gear pump can be regulated by_____.A. throttling the pressure lineB. changing the speed of the rotorC. Either A or BD. None of the above is true2.2.3 船舶通用泵系的布置原则和特点36. Which of the valve \s listed will be cycled from the fully open to fully close when the handle is turned 90 degree?A. A rising stem gate valveB. A globe stop valveC. A check valveD. A butterfly valve2.2.4 常见船用泵的运行管理和故障排除37. A spur gear pump should be operated with the discharge valve____.A. slightly openedB. throttledC. fully openedD. halfway opened38. Pitting in the suction areas of a centrifugal pump bronze impeller is usually caused by___.A. cavitationB. electrolysisC. abrasionD. corrosion2.3 船舶制冷和空调装置2.3.1 制冷原理和制冷循环39. Refrigerant entering the compressor of a refrigeration system should be in which of the following conditions?A. Sub-cooled liquidB. Sub-cooled vaporC. Superheated vaporD. Liquid2.3.2 船用空调系统的组成及主要设备40. The process of removing moisture from air is known as___.A. humidificationB. dehumidificationC. vaporizationD. evaporation2.3.3 船舶空调装置运行管理41. As the amount of moisture in the air increases, the difference between the dry bulb and the wet bulb temperature will ____.A. increaseB. decreaseC. remain unchangedD. be greatest at dew point2.4 船舶防污染设备2.4.1 油水分离器的工作原理及运行管理42. Oily water separators are used to ensure that ships don’t discharge oil when pumping out____.A. ballast waterB. boiler waterC. bilge waterD. sewage water43. Where an excessive level of contamination is detected an alarm is sounded and diverting valves are operated. The discharging liquid is then passed to____.A. overboardB. a bilge wellC. a slop tankD. a hot well2.4.2 焚烧炉的工作原理及运行管理44. Which of the following would not be burnt in an incinerator on board?A. waste oilB. waste clothesC. oil ragsD. waste food45. The solid waste was charged into the incinerator through_____.A. the solid waste dump chuteB. an access doorC. the same way for waste oil burnersD. a charging opening2.4.3 生活污水处理装置的工作原理及运行管理46. When anaerobic bacteria convert the sewage to an inert sludge, ____.A. no oxygen is neededB. oxygen is necessaryC. oxygen is given offD. no gas is produced2.5 分油机、空压机和海水淡化装置2.5.1 分油机的工作原理及运行管理47. For a purifier, changing to a gravity disc with larger hole diameter will move the interface towards the _____.A. bowel peripheryB. bowel centerC. upper surfaceD. lower surface48. When finish working on the separator you should ____ firstly.A. cut off the powerB. cut off the oil inletC. open guide water valveD. close oil outlet valve49. Sediment collects in a tubular purifier____.A. on the top coverB. on the discsC. in drain line on the discD. on sides of bowl2.5.2 空压机的原理及运行管理50. Compressed air is supplied by air compressors to____.A. the air receiversB. the starting valvesC. the cylinder coversD. the distributors2.5.3 海水淡化原理51. The advantages of flash type evaporators, as compared to submerged tube type evaporators, include_____.A. less internal corrosion because of lower brine densityB. higher temperature evaporation for lower salinity of the distillate producedC. less scale formation in a flash evaporatorD. less feed-water required for a flash evaporator52. A salinity indictor is used to determine the ____.A. cause of salt contaminationB. location of salt water contaminationC. chemical makeup of feed-waterD. level of alkalinity in condensate2.6 船舶甲板机械2.6.1 液压泵、控制阀件和油马达的机构特点53. _____ can be used to prevent hydraulic system overload or keep the pressure of oil outlet from pump constant.A. Overflow valveB. Reducing valveC. Balancing valveD. Reducing valve or balancing valve54. Among the basic categories of equipment, which of the following is used to convert hydraulic energy into continuous rotary motion?A. Hydraulic pumpB. V alveC. Hydraulic cylinderD. Hydraulic motor2.6.2 起货机的机构特点及其故障分析和排除55. The oil in a cargo winch gear box should be sampled periodically to____.A. prevent the gear box from leakingB. prevent the oil from becoming inflammableC. make sure it has not become contaminatedD. make sure the motor bearings are lubricated2.6.3 锚机的结构特点及其故障分析和排除56.____are used to handle anchors and chains.A. Cargo winchesB. Mooring winchesC. WindlassD. Cargo hatches2.6.4 绞缆机的结构特点及其故障分析和排除57. Winch gears must be maintained in proper alignment to prevent____.A. overheating of the lube oilB. over speeding of the motorC. wear on the braking systemD. damage to the teeth2.6.5 液压系统的管理58. Before doing any work on the hydraulic system equipped with accumulators, you should____.A. drain any accumulators and purge with oxygenB. bleed off all stored energy from the accumulators completelyC. charge the accumulators to prevent the system energy lossD. pump the hydraulic fluid into the accumulators to prevent fluid loss.59. Hydraulic machinery failures are commonly caused by contamination of the hydraulic fluid and___.A. fluid frictionB. fluid turbulenceC. component misalignmentD. pressure surges3 船舶电气(12’)3.1 船用发电机3.1.1 船用发电机结构特点60. In an alternating current electrical system, a low system power factor is a direct sign of ____.A. wasted energyB. efficiency operationC. a short in the exciter field windingsD. an excessive number of minor system grounds61. With a purely ____ load the voltage and current are in phase, giving a power factor of one.A. inductiveB. resistanceC. combinedD. capacitate3.1.2 船用发电机的并车和解列62. If two A.C. generators are to be operated in parallel, the load is distributed evenly by ____.A. means of rheostatB. a balance coilC. adjusting the governor settingsD. changing excitation63. The operation of ___ two alternators requires the voltages to be equal and also in phase.A. parallelingB. series-mountingC. runningD. control3.1.3 船用发电机的故障分析和排除64. Accidental grounds in a shipboard electrical system must be repaired as soon as possible as they will___.A. result in immediate power outagesB. damage circuit breakerC. appear on the ground detection systemD. damage insulation and may cause outages3.2 船用配电板的分类及组成、应急配电板、配电箱65. ____ is not a part of the main switchboard on board.A. BusbarB. Load panel of main generatorC. Paralleling panelD. Shore connecting box66. Usually, emergency electricity supplies to____ on board.A. cargo winchesB. windlassC. steering gearD. main air compressor67. Shore power must be ___ during dock repair.A. disconnectedB. switched offC. cut offD. connected3.3 船舶电气设备3.1.1 船舶电气设备概况68. An ohmmeter can be used to measure____.A. current flow in a circuitB. voltage between two points in a circuitC. circuit continuityD. power3.2.2 电气控制设备69.Electrical circuits are protected against overheating by means of a(an)____.A. circuit breakerB. amplifierC. diodeD. capacitor3.2.3 电气设备的运行管理70.Sparking at the brushes of a running motor could be an indication of ___.A. normal operationB. dirty commutatorC. increased brush capacityD. water vapor absorption71. All of the following operating characteristics are listed on the name plates of the motors used on board ship except the ___.A. temperature riseB. horsepowerC. input kilowattsD. operating voltage4 船舶轮机管理4.1操作规程4.1.1 备车72. One hour before sailing, the duty engineer and officer should check____.A. tachometer and engine telegraphB. oil and water reservesC. clock and engine telegraph and test the rudderD. crews4.1.2 巡回检查73. Which of the following item is the cause to the damage of parts and excess wearing?A. overloadB. the odds of the loadC. the default of loadD. overload and the odds of the load4.1.3 完车74. After “finished with engine”, which of the following cannot be shut off by the duty engineer?A. Fuel oil booster pumpB. The main starting valveC. The sea chestD. The main cooling sea water pump4.2 安全管理知识4.2.1 轮机部操作安全注意事项75. To avoid excessive surge pressure when bunkering, you should ____.A. bunker at normal rateB. check for kicks in hoseC. close valves slowlyD. shut valves before topping off4.2.2. 船舶防火防爆的措施及守则76. The most likely place for a fire to start trough the process of spontaneous combustion is in __.A. an electrical switchboardB. the pressure tanksC. the fuel oil tanksD. the oily rag bin4.2.3 机舱应急设备的使用及管理77. If the overflow tank high-level alarm sounds while the fuel oil tanks are being topped off, the engineer should____.A. close the static leg filling valveB. close the overflow tank filling valveC. reduce the fuel oil pumping rateD. stop the fuel oil pumping operation78. As a duty engineer, as soon as you hear the fire and emergency signal, you should ensure that___.A. ring buoys are thrown overboardB. engines are stoppedC. fire pump are startedD. life preserver have been issued to everyone79. Following agrounding, you can best determine that a SLACK fuel oil tank has been holed by ____.A. sounding the tankB. waiting for the vessel to listC. examining tank boundariesD. checking fuel oil strainers4.2.4 船员个人安全知识80. Which one might be used most likely in case of a fire?A. Life jacketB. SCBAC. LifeboatD. Torch4.3 油、物料和备件的管理81. The flash point of a petroleum product is an indication of its____.A. viscosityB. pour pointC. volatilityD. lower explosive limit4.4 船舶修理和检验4.4.1 修理的类别82. ______, where minor repairs are carried out with a ship in service, often during a stay in port. This may be remote from a ship repair site.A. V oyage repairB. Routine dockingC. Damage repairD. Concersion4.4.2. 轮机坞修工程83. When a ship in the dock repairing, engine department should emphasize on the inspection of ____.A. sea valve chest, sea valve, thrusterB. steering and shafting systemC. sea water systemD. fresh water system4.4.3 船舶检验的类别与作用84. The additional mark____ in the Classification Certificate for Machinery means propulsion apparatus is remotely controlled on the navigation bridge control station, and engine assembly control station is unmanned periodically.A. BRCB. MCCC. AUT-0D. AUT-14.5 防污染管理及PSC检查4.5.1 油类记录薄与IOPP证书85. If an incorrect entry were made in the Oil Record Book, you should_____.A. erase the entry and rewrite itB. notify the ship’s officer- in-chargeC. completely black it out and make the correct entry alongsideD. draw a single line through the wrong entry and initial it.86. The valid period of the IOPP on board isn’t more than ____.A. one yearB. two yearsC. four yearsD. five years4.5.2 PSC检查中的明显理由与更详细检查87.If____, the PSCO should proceed to a more detailed inspection.A. the PSCO’s general impression confirm a good standard of maintenanceB. the certificates are validC. the SCO believes the ship doesn’t meet the requirementsD. the PSCO can’t find deficiencies at first glance5 国际公约与规则(13’)5.1 STCW公约5.1.1 STCW78/95公约中有关轮机值班的基本原则88. STCW78/95 states that the officer in charge of the engineering watch is the _____ representative.A. ship-owner’sB. master’sC. chief engineer’sD. manager’s89. At an unsheltered anchorage the chief engineer officer shall consult with the master whether or not to _____.A. do engine repair workB. clean sear water filterC. maintain an underway watchD. take bunkering5.1.2 轮机员的基本职责和道德90. Who is in the charge of the auxiliary boiler?A. The chief engineerB. The second engineerC. The third engineerD. The fourth5.1.3 驾机联系制度91. The bridge should the engine room ___ before passing through congested o shallow waterway.A. 24 hoursB. 2 hoursC. 1 hourD. 15 minutes5.2 MARPOL73/78公约5.2.1 MARPOL73/78公约中有关含油污水的排放规则92. While loading bunkers, you notice oil on the water near the vessel,. What should you do first?A. Stop loadingB. Notify the harbor administrationC. Determine if the vessel is the source of the pollutionD. Start the main engine and put them in gear to disperse the spill93. If an oil spill occurs on deck, you should_____.A. cover the area with foamB. cover the area with absorbent materialC. wash down immediately with a fire hoseD. wash down immediately with an oil dispersing solvent.94. To receive oil residues from the purification of fuel and lubricating oils in the machinery spaces, what kind of tanks should be provided on board?A. Bilge tankB. Sludge tankC. Overflow tankD. Oil collecting tank5.2.2 有关国家、港口的防污染规则95. Disposal of all kinds of garbage but_____ is prohibited within Special Area.A. plasticsB. comminuted or ground papers, rag , glass, metal etc.C. food waste comminuted or groundD. incinerator ash96. When the garbage is mixing with some discharges having different disposal or dischargerequirements, ____ shall apply.A. any requirement appointed by the PSC officerB. the most suitable requirementC. the most stringent requirementD. no requirement5.3 SOLAS 公约5.3.1 SOLAS 公约的基本精神和基本原则97. The SOLAS Convention is the main international convention____.A. about marine pollution preventionB. covering safety of lifeC. about marineD. about ship and port security5.4 ISM、ISPS等规则和公约5.4.1 ISM 规则简介98. In the ISM Code, “company” doesn’t mean___.A. the ship ownerB. the manager or bareboat chartererC. a person assuming the responsibility for ship operationD. a business enterprise dealing with freight5.4.2 ISPS 规则简介99. _____ shall set security levels and provide guidance for protection from security incidents.A. The Contracting GovernmentsB. The Port AuthoritiesC. The masterD. The Company Security Officer5.4.3 其他最新公约和规则100. According to Maritime Labour Convention, 2006, the maximum hours of work shall not exceed__.A. 14 hours in any 24-hour periodB. 72 hours in any seven-day periodC. 10 hours in any 24-hour periodD. 88 hours in any seven-day period。
盾构机英语词汇
accumulator 蓄能器adjacent switch 接近开关agitator 搅拌机air bubble 气泡air-buffer 气体缓冲器air cleaner 空气滤清器air-compressor 空气压缩机air-conditioner 空调air filter 空气过滤器air-lock 气闸air outlet 放气，排气air pump 气泵air tank 空气箱air valve 气阀air vent 气孔align cylinder 校正油缸allowed variation 容许偏差alternator 交流发电机angle 角度antenna 天线anti-rotation device 反转装置，防止旋转装置anti-wear plate 耐磨板arm 臂arm retainer 臂固定架articulation cylinder 关节油缸articulation jack 铰接千斤顶articulation jack pin 铰接千斤顶连接销articulation jack pin mounting jig 铰接油缸连接销安装夹具articulation lip seal 关节法兰盘密封articulation rubber sponge seal 关节海绵橡胶密封assembly 装配，组装auto grease lubricator 自动滑脂润滑器auto oil lubricator 自动注油器automatic control 自动控制automatic drain 自动放泄阀valve 自动排水阀automatic feed water pump 自动供水泵automatic oil lubrication 自动润滑auxiliary cutter bit 辅助切削刀auxiliary transformer 辅助变压器back filling injection device 壁后注浆装置back filling injection port 壁后注浆孔backlash 间隙，齿隙back up 后配套装置balancing value 平衡阀ball joint 球窝接头ball tap 球形旋塞ball valve 球阀band 嵌条base plate 底座beam 梁bearing 轴承bearing house 轴承座bearing house stopper 轴承座挡块bearing lubrication unit 轴承润滑装置bearing pad 轴承垫belt 皮带belt conveyor 皮带输送机belt tensioning cylinder 皮带张紧油缸bend 弯管，弯头binder 粘合剂blade 叶片，刀片blind plug 废堵，盲塞block （阀）板，（阀）块bogie 转向架，车轮bolt 螺栓boom 起重臂bore diameter 孔径boring machine 钻机boss 轮毂bracket 托架，支柱brake 制动器breakdown 故障breaker 断路器，开关（电）breather 通气孔；通风装置broken line 虚线，点线brush 刷子，毛刷brush seal 刷子密封bucket 铲斗，挖斗built-in stroke sensor 内置式行程传感器bulkhead 舱壁，隔板bush 衬套，轴瓦butterfly valve 碟型阀butt joint 对接button 按钮cable 电缆cable bearer 电缆支架cable duct 电缆导管cable rack 电缆架cable reel 电缆卷盘cable tray 电缆桥架cable way 电缆通道cable with connector 带接头的电缆cam follower 凸轮从动件can 罐头cap 盖，帽cardan joint 万向接头carriage 车架cat walk 走道，过道，通道cat walk bracket 走道支架center cutter 中心转刀center line 中心线center shaft 中轴center slide deck 中间的移动平台centralized grease system 集中润滑系统centrifugal pump 离心泵chain 链条chain block 导链滑车chain link 链节chamber 室charge 装料；充电charger 装料设备，装（送）料机charging hopper 装料料斗chart 图，图表check valve 单向阀chemical grouting 化学灰浆chute 斜槽；滑槽circuit 电路circuit breaker 断路开关clamp 钳，夹紧clay 粘土cleaner 滤清器cleaning pump 洗涤泵cleaning water injection port 清洗水注入孔clearance （机器零件之间的）间隙clevis 弹簧钩，U形夹clogging 堵塞clutch 离合器collapse detector 土体塌陷探测器collar 轴衬colour display 彩显column 立柱component 部件compressed air 压缩空气compressor 空气压缩机computer 计算机connecting beam 联结双梁connecting pin fixing plate 联结销固定板connecting shaft 联结轴connecting stay 联结支柱connection tool 联结工具connector 接头consent 插座contactor 接触器，开关contra fan 逆流式通风机control 控制control box 控制箱control cabin 控制室control panel 控制面板control room 控制室controlled inlet valve 可控进给阀controlled outlet valve 可控压力阀controller 控制装置cooling water pump 冷却水泵copy cutter 仿形刀copy cutter bit 仿形刀刀片copy cutter jack 仿形刀千斤顶coupler 联结器coupling 联结器coupling for cutter detector 刀盘探测器的联结器cover 盖子cover plate 盖板current 电源current failure 断电，停电curve 曲线cushion rubber 缓冲橡胶cutting edge 切消刃cutter bit 刀盘切割刀，硬质合金刀cutter bit hold 切削刀刀架，硬质合金刀刀架cutter chamber 刀盘隔仓cutter driving motor 刀盘驱动马达cutter drive power 刀盘驱动电源cutter driving unit 刀盘驱动装置cutter drum 刀具盘体cutter head 刀盘刀头cutter head gear motor 刀盘减速箱cutter ring 刀圈cutter seal 刀盘密封cutter spoke 刀盘轮辐cutter tooth 刀齿cutter torque 刀盘扭矩cutter motor 刀盘驱动马达cycle 周期，循环cylinder 油缸cylinder guide ring 油缸导向环data 数据deck 平台；面板deck handrail 平台扶手deck stand 平台架子deck stand support 平台支柱dedusting system 除尘系统delay time 延期detail 细节detector 探测器dewatering 排水dewatering pump 排水泵diagram 图表diameter 直径digger 挖掘机disc cutter 盘形滚刀discharge valve 放泄阀，排气阀discharge hopper 卸料斗displacement 位移displacement detector 位移传感器distribution 分配distribution valve 分配阀distributor 配电器drain 排出口drainage water lifting pump 排水提升泵drawing 图纸drill equipment 钻头装置drill machine 钻机drive 驱动drive system 驱动系统driving motor 驱动马达driving motor cooling system 驱动马达冷却系统drum 滚筒double arm 双臂（式）double blade 双刀片double gate 双闸门double nut 双螺母dust wiper 除尘器earth collapse detector 土体勘查装置earth and sand destruction 土砂破坏检测装置detection deviceearth and sand seal 土砂密封earth load gauge 土压测量计earth pressure balance shield 土压平衡盾构earth pressure detector 土压勘查装置elastic ring 弹性圈elbow joint 弯管接头electric motor 电动马达electric valve 电磁阀eletronic component 电气元件elongation capacity 延性end plate 端板emergency dewatering hose 紧急排水软管emergency dewatering pump 紧急排水泵emergency light 应急灯emergency break 紧急制动器emergency stop 紧急停机encoder 编码器engineering plastic knob 工程塑料捏手equalizer 平衡器equipment 设备erector 拼装机erector grip assembly 拼装机夹紧装置erector torque 拼装机扭矩excavation 开挖excavation diameter 开挖直径excavation face 开挖面excavation speed 开挖速度expansion tank 油枕extend-retract 伸缩extension 伸extension jack 伸缩油缸extension port 延伸出口eye plate 眼板eye bolt 带圈螺栓fan 风扇，风机fault 故障feed 供给；送料feed valve 进给阀feeder hopper 加料器feeder hopper 进料斗filter 过滤器fishtail cutter 鱼尾形切削刀fixing bolt 紧固螺栓fixing plate 固定板flange 法兰flapper 铰链板flapper 有铰链大门float switch 浮动球阀开关floor drain 地面排水flow 流量flow control valve 流量控制阀flow conveyor 流动输送机（输送水泥用）flow-meter 流量计flow ing carriage 后续车架flow rate 流量flow pipe 输送管flow sheet 流程图fluorescent light 荧光灯foam 泡沫force 力frame 支架front trunk 前壳体full bore ball valve 球阀（四面都带接头）fuse 保险丝grantry 台架gap 空隙gasket 垫片gate 闸门gate plate 闸门板gear 齿轮gear box 齿轮箱，减速器gear box with brake 带制动器的减速箱gear pump 齿轮泵generator 发电机gland 电缆封头；密封套globe valve 球（形）阀gouging 表面切割governor 调节器，调速器grease 油脂grease gun 润滑脂枪，牛油枪grease lubrication 滑脂润滑grease pump 油脂泵grease seal 润滑脂密封grip 夹具，把手grip bolt 夹紧螺栓grip cylinder 夹紧油缸gripper 夹具装置gripper shoe 夹具撑靴ground 地面guide pipe 导管guide rod 导杆guide roller 导向滚筒gyro 陀螺仪half coupling 半联结器hammer 锤handle 摇柄handrail 栏杆，扶手hanger 吊钩hand-operating device 手动操作hexagon head bolt 六角头螺栓hexagon nut 六角螺母hexagon socket screw 内六角螺栓high density slurry 高密度泥浆high density slurry shield 高密度泥水盾构high-pressure VCB panel 高压VCB配电板hinge 铰链hob 齿轮滚刀hoist 葫芦hoist beam 起吊运输梁hoist rail 起吊运输轨道holder 刀架hole 孔hollow shaft 空心轴hook 弯钩；吊钩hood 盖，套；防护罩hopper 料斗horizontal thrust 水平方向hose 软管hose clamp 软管夹hose rack 软管托架H.V cable reel 高压电缆卷筒H.V cell 高压电池hydraulic 液压hydraulic control unit 液压控制系统hydraulic drive 液压驱动hydraulic oil tank 油箱hydraulic motor 液压马达indicator 指示灯injection 加注injection hole 注入孔injection pipe 注浆管injection pump 注浆泵injection valve 喷射阀；注浆阀inlet valve 进给阀inner diameter 内径inner tube 内壳体inside diameter 内径inspection 检查inspection cover 观测盖板，检查盖inspection hole 检查孔inspection lamp 检修（用）灯inspection window 观察窗installation 安装installation board 安装板interlock 联锁interlock pin 联锁销intermediate beam 中间梁intermediate bearing 中间轴承intermediate coupling device 中间联结（藕合）装置intermediate shaft 中间轴inverter 变换器，倒相器jack 油缸，千斤顶jet valve 喷射阀jib 旋臂jib crane 旋臂起吊装置jig 夹具joint 接头junction valve 连接阀key 键key plate 止转板kit 工具箱knock pin 定位销ladder 梯子lap 搭接；重叠laser 激光laser beam 激光束laser sensor 激光传感器leader pin 导销leak 泄漏left 左level 水平，水位level gauge 液位计lever sensor 水平传感器lifetime 使用寿命lift 升降机；电梯lift cylinder 提升油缸lift jack 提升油缸lifting beam 提升梁lifting piece 吊攀lifting rod 提升杆light 光，灯光lighting 照明lime 石灰limit 限制limiter 限制器limit switch 限位开关line filter 线路滤波器liner 衬套，衬垫lining 衬板，衬垫link chain 扁节链，平环链lip seal 唇形密封load 载荷lubrication 润滑lubricating unit 润滑装置machine plane 机加工面main bearing 主轴承maker 生产厂家，制造厂商manhole lid 人行孔盖manifold 阀板man lock 人行闸manipulator 操纵装置，机械手material 材料measure 测量；量度measure stroke sensor 测量行程传感器middle beam 中间梁mode 模式molten metal 熔融金属海瑞克盾构设备－英汉对照英文汉语proportional valve block 流量阀brake valve 闸阀double prestress valve 流量阀proportional valve block 流量阀valve 闸阀valve 闸阀ball valve 球阀ball valve w/lever/ 球阀shuttle valve 闸阀ball valve 球阀check valve sae11/2 闸阀valve 闸阀ball valve 球阀nozzle 喷嘴proportional valve 流量阀pressure reducing valve 减压阀plate 连接块plate 连接块erector 管片安装机cutting wheel drive 刀盘主驱动tank 水箱cylinder 液压油缸waggon 运输料槽jack 千斤顶thrust jacks unit+stroke meas 主推进油缸planetary gear 齿轮箱gear oil cooler 齿轮油冷却器thermometer 0-80 degrees c 温度计ball valve 球阀valve 闸阀control block 接线板plate 连接块mechanical directional control 方向控制器pressure control valve 流量阀control block 接线板slide block 滑动轴承阻挡块hydraulik block 液压阀组pressure reducing valve 减压阀non return valve 止回阀one-way restrictor zp 闸门directional control valve 流量阀pressure reducing valve zp 流量阀ball valve dn13 球阀block ball valve 球阀nonreturn valve 止回阀ball valve dn13 球阀pressure transducer 压力传感器hydraulic block 液压阀组ball valve dn13 球阀control block 接线板current dividing coil 线圈pressure fuse 保险融管pressure switch with indicatio 压力计shaft 连接轴flowmeter 流量计interlock means 管接头compressed air pump 压缩空气泵washer 垫片cylinder head screw 螺丝screw / m24x360 螺丝washer 垫片nut m24 螺母filter 过滤器round cord 密封圈screw / m16x40 螺丝ventilation filter 过滤器measuring device 测量装置binding 扎带dive motor pump 排液泵sheet metal package 盾体连接块erector parts 安装机连接梁rail 导轨gate valve 闸阀pressure gauge , type 213.53 压力表hexagon nut 螺帽lamp 灯泡pump 冷却泵thrust jacks unit+stroke meas 推进油缸compensator 补偿器seal 密封件placa de goma 密封件plug 销子load support 支架screw fitting 管接头screw pump 螺旋泵high pressure filter 过滤器level control 水平控制仪steel tank 水箱sound absorber 吸音器pressure gaugehard rock tunnel boring machine 岩石隧道钻挖机tunnel boring machine 隧道掘进机tunnel boring works 隧道挖掘工程hard-rock tunnel boring 硬岩平巷掘进机钻进法盾构机 tunnel boring machine (TBM); 土压平衡盾构隧道技术 Pressurized TBMs, EPB; 泥水加压平衡盾构Slurry Shield TBM; TBM 硬岩全断面隧道TMB for hard rock。
应急专业词汇
emergency auxiliary power 事故备用电源
emergency battery 应急电池
emergency bilge pump 紧急舱底污水泵
emergency boat 应急救生艇
emergency brake gear 紧急闸装置
emergency brake switch 紧急闸开关
emergency device 应急装置
emergency diesel-electric generator set 备用柴油发电机组
emergency disconnection 应急断开
emergency disengage switch 应急断开电门
emergency district 禁伐林区
emergency egress window 紧急出口窗户
emergency egress 紧急出口
emergency ejection 应急弹射
emergency ejector seat 应急弹射座椅
emergency electric power source 备用电源
emergency exchange 应急交换
emergency exit hatch 应急出口舱盖
emergency exiபைடு நூலகம் ladder 应急出口梯
emergency exit lighting 紧急出口照明
emergency exit marking system 安全出口标志系统
emergency and rescue equipment 应急救援设备
emergency apparatus 应急设备
emergency application valve 紧急作用阀
汽车配件说明手册说明书
CONTINUEDAccessories.................................Installation .105...............Accessory Power Socket .70ACCESSORY (Ignition Key.......................................Position).53....................Additives,Engine Oil .130...............................Airbag (SRS).9,18..............................Air Conditioning .74.......................Air Pressure,Tires .146.............................Alarm,Anti-theft .53......................................Antifreeze .132Anti-lock Brakes (ABS)....................Indicator Light .41,118...................................Operation .117.Anti-theft Steering Column Lock .53............................Anti-theft System .94......................................Audio Panel .71..................................Audio System .78...............Automatic Speed Control .95............................Capacities Chart .180.............Carbon Monoxide Hazard .34........................Cargo,.107..............CAUTION,Explanation of .ii ...........................................CD Care .85........................CD Error Messages .86.....................................CD Changer .84.......CD Changer Error Messages .87.........................................CD Player .83........................Certification Label .178...................................Chains,.150Changing Oil........................................How to .130......................................When to .121....................Changing a Flat Tire .155...Charging System Indicator .40,166............Checklist,Before Driving .112........Back-up Light Replacement .141BatteryCharging System...........................Indicator .40,166............................Jump Starting .162..............................Maintenance .151............................Specifications .181................................Before Driving .99....................................Belts,Seat . 8 ,15.............................Beverage Holder .70..................................Booster Seats .31............................................Brakes .116...........Anti-lock System (ABS).117.............Break-in,New Linings .100...........................................Fluid .136.........................................Parking .67.................System Indicator .40,168..............Wear Indicators,Disc .117.............................Braking System .116.................Break-in,New Vehicle .100..Brightness Control,Instruments .49........................Brights,Headlights .48.........................Bulb Replacement .137..........................Back-up Lights .141.................................Headlights .137...........Side Turn Signal Lights .139............................Specifications .181............Turn Signal Lights .139,141..............................Bulbs, Halogen . 137how to carry tires IndexBACI..............................Economy,Fuel .104............Emergencies on the Road .153.............Battery,Jump Starting .162................Changing a Flat Tire .155.....Charging System Indicator .166..................Checking the Fuses .170.........Hazard Warning Flashers .49.....Low Oil Pressure Indicator .166...Malfunction Indicator Lamp .167..................Overheated Engine .163...........................Emergency Brake .67......................Emergency Flashers .49............Emergency Trunk Opener .55.......................Emissions Controls .185.....................................Child Safety .22..............................Booster Seats .31...................................Child Seats .26.....Important Safety Reminders rger Children .30......................Risk With Airbags .23.............................Small Children .26.......................................Child Seats .26Cleaning.................................Floor Mats .143...................................Seat Belts .143...................................Clutch Fluid .136........................CO in the Exhaust pact .154.............Controls,Instruments and .70..............................Convertible Top .61...............Convertible Top Cover .63..Lowering the Convertible Top .61................................Maintenance .65.....Raising the Convertible Top .64Coolant........................................Adding .132....................................Checking .103.........................Proper Solution .132...................Temperature Gauge .45Crankcase Emission Control........................................System .185..............Cruise Control Operation .95................Cruise Control Indicator .42......................................Cup Holder .70Customer Relationsrmation .192................DANGER,Explanation of .ii .......................................Dashboard .38................Daytime Running Lights .48Daytime Running Lights.......................................Indicator .42.................................Dead Battery .162............Defects,Reporting Safety .194................Defrosting the Windows .77....................................Dimensions .180...............Dimming the Headlights .48Dipstick..................................Engine Oil .103..........................Directional Signals .48........Disc Brake Wear Indicators .117.....................Disposal of Used Oil .132...................Do Not Tow a Trailer .118Doors..............Locking and Unlocking .54..............................Monitor Light .41......................Power Door Locks .54..........DOT Tire Quality Grading .182Downshifting,6-speed Manual.............................Transmission .114...........................................Driving .111....................................Economy .104spare tire IndexDEIICONTINUED.............Halogen Headlight Bulbs .137..............Hazard Warning Flashers .49Headlights............Daytime Running Lights .48..................High Beam Indicator .42...........................Reminder Tone .48........Replacing Halogen Bulbs .137...................................Turning on .48.........Heating and Cooling System .74.................High-Low Beam Switch .48................High Speed,Shifting at .115.............Emissions Testing,State .188Engine.......................................Coolant .132....Coolant Temperature Gauge .45Malfunction Indicatormp .41,167........Oil Pressure Indicator .40,166..............Oil,What Kind to Use .129...............................Overheating .163............................Specifications .180............................Speed Limiter .115.......................................Starting .113...................Engine,.160......................Ethanol in Gasoline .100...Evaporative Emission Controls .185...............................Exhaust Fumes .34Expectant Mothers,Use of Seat........................................Belts by .14.....................................Fan,Interior .75Features,Comfort and................................Convenience .73....................Filling the Fuel Tank .101Filters...............................................Oil .130.............Flashers,Hazard Warning .49...................Flat Tire,Changing a .155Fluids..........................................Brake .136.........................................Clutch .136..............Manual Transmission .134..................Windshield Washer .134..........FM Stereo Radio Reception .81..........................Four-way Flashers .49.................................................Fuel .100......................Fill Door and Cap .101...........................................Gauge .45................Octane Requirement .100........................Reserve Indicator .42........................Tank,Filling the .101..............Fuel Mileage,Improving .104..............Fuel Station Procedures .101.....................Fuses,Checking the .170.........................................Gasoline .100...............Fuel Reserve Indicator .42...........................................Gauge .45................Octane Requirement .100........................Tank,Filling the .101.............................................Gauges .44...Engine Coolant Temperature .45...............................................Fuel .45...............................Speedometer .44.................................Tachometer .44Gearshift Lever Positions 6-speed Manual.........................Transmission .114if it won’t start IndexFGHIII.................................... Hood Latch.135.......................Hood,Opening the.102...........................Hydraulic Clutch.136................Jacking Up the Vehicle.156.......................................Jack,Tire.155................................Jump Starting.162..................................................Keys.51......................... Label,Certification.78................. Lane Change,Signaling.48..................Lap/Shoulder Belts.12,15 Lights.................... Bulb Replacement.137....................................... Indicator.40.................................. Turn Signal.48..................................... Load Limit.108............................... Loading Cargo.107...... LOCK(Ignition Key Position).53 Locks....... Anti-theft Steering Column.53............................ Fuel Fill Door.101................................. Power Door.54 ........................................... Trunk.54........................ Low Coolant Level.103... Lower Gear,Downshifting to a.114......................... Low Fuel Indicator.42...Low Oil Pressure Indicator.40,166... Lubricant Specifications Chart.180............... Luggage,.107Identification Number,....................................... Vehicle.178 Ignition.............................................. Keys.51 ........................................... Switch.53............ Timing Control System.186 Indicator Lights,Instrument.........................................Panel.40.............. ABS(Anti-Lock Brake).41 Brake(Parking and Brake....................................System).40........................ Charging System.40............................. Cruise Control.42.................................... Door-open.41 DRL(Daytime Running......................................Lights).42 EPS(Electrical Power..................................Steering).41................................... High Beam.42........ Key(Immobilizer System).42......................................Low Fuel.42........................Low Oil Pressure.40...............Maintenance Required.43.......................................Seat Belt.40...............................................SRS.41..................................Trunk-open.41Turn Signal and Hazard...................................Warning.42...................Inflation,Proper Tire.146...................................Inside Mirror.66.............................Inspection,Tire.147............................Instrument Panel.39........Instrument Panel Brightness.49.................................Interior Lights.68........................................Introduction.istoring(cargo)IndexIJK LIVCONTINUED..............Panel Brightness Control .49.................................Parking Brake .67.................................Parking Lights .48.............................PGM-FI System .186Power..................................Door Locks .54..............Engine,Specifications .180.........................................Mirrors .66......................................Windows .59..........................Power Door Locks .54..................Power Socket Location .70..............................Power Windows .59.........Pregnancy,Using Seat Belts .14.........Protecting Adults and Teens .10...Additional Safety Precautions .15.....Advice for Pregnant Women .14........................Protecting Children .22.....................General Guidelines .22.......Protecting Larger Children .30.........Protecting Small Children .26..................................Maintenance .119Owner’s Maintenance...................................Checks .122........................................Record .125....................................Schedule .121..Maintenance Required Indicator .43.Malfunction Indicator Lamp .41,167...................Manual Transmission .114........Manual Transmission Fluid .134...............................Meters,Gauges .44..........................Mirrors,Adjusting .66...............Modifying Your Vehicle .106..................New Vehicle Break-in .100.....................Normal Shift Speeds .115..................NOTICE,Explanation of .ii ...............Numbers,Identification .178...Octane Requirement,Gasoline .100.........................................Odometer .44...............................Odometer,Trip .44Oil........................Change,How to .130......................Change,When to .121......................Checking Engine .103..............Pressure Indicator .40,166Selecting Proper Viscosity......................................Chart .130...........ON (Ignition Key Position).53.........................Opening the Trunk .54..............................Outside Mirrors .66....................Overheating,Engine .163...................Radiator Overheating .163.......................Radio Sound System .78...................Readiness Codes .167,188..Rear Lights,Bulb Replacement .141............................Rear View Mirror .66................Reclining the Seat-backs .58.......Recommended Shift Speeds .115Recovery Vehicle,Emergency.......................................Towing .176.............................Reminder Lights .40.......................Remote Transmitter .56IndexMNOPRVReplacement Information................ Engine Oil and Filter.130 .......................................... Fuses.170................................ Light Bulbs.137.................................... Schedule.121 ........................................... Tires.148............................. Wiper Blades.144 Replacing Seat Belts After a............................................ Crash.17............................... Restraint,Child.22................................ Rotation,Tire.148........................................ Safety Belts.8............ Safety Defects,Reporting.194............. Safety Labels,Location of.35............................... Safety Messages.ii.................................. Satellite Radio.88........................................... Seat Belts.8............... Additional Information.15..... Advice for Pregnant Women.14..................................... Cleaning.143...................... Lap/Shoulder Belt.16................................ Maintenance.17...... Reminder Light and Beeper.40...................System Components.15...............Use During Pregnancy.14........................Seats,Adjusting the.58...............................Serial Number.178...........................Service Intervals.121.............................Service Manual.195.........Service Station Procedures.101ShiftingThe6-speed Manual.........................Transmission.114Side Turn Signal,Bulb.........................Replacement in.140...............................Signaling Turns.486-speed Manual Transmission...............Checking Fluid Level.134................................Shifting the.114.....................................Snow Tires.149..................................Sound System.78Spare Tire......................................Inflating.154............................Specifications.181....................Specifications Charts.180..................................Speed Control.95...................................Speedometer.44..........SRS,Additional Information.18...Additional Safety Precautions.21....................Airbag Components.18.............................Airbag Service.21How the SRS Indicator.......................................Works.20...........How Your Airbags Work.18..................SRS Indicator Light.20,41.......................Starting the Engine.113................With a Dead Battery.162..............State Emissions Testing.188........Steam Coming from Engine.163Steering Wheel.............Anti-theft Column Lock.53.....................Stereo Sound System.78....................Storing Your Vehicle.152................................Stuck Vehicle.174Supplemental Restraint System......................................Servicing.21.........................SRS Indicator.20,41...............Tensioners,Seat Belts.16.....................................Tachometer.44......Taillights,Changing Bulbs in.141.Taking Care of the Unexpected.153IndexSTVICONTINUEDTechnical Descriptions......DOT Tire Quality Grading .182.....Emissions Control Systems .185Three Way Catalytic...............................Converter .187.......................Temperature Gauge .45...................Tensioners,Seat Belts .16..Three Way Catalytic Converter .187....................................Tire Chains .150.........Tire,How to Change a Flat .155.................................Tire Labeling .184...............................................Tires .145..............................Air Pressure .146...................................Balancing .148.........................Checking Wear pact Spare Tire .154......DOT Tire Quality Grading .182......................................Inflation .146..................................Inspection .147...................................Replacing .148......................................Rotating .148...........................................Snow .149............................Specifications .181...................Tools,Tire Changing .155Towing......................A Trailer,Do Not .118................Emergency Wrecker .176..................Trailer,Do Not Tow a .118TransmissionChecking Fluid Level,6-speed..........Manual Transmission .134...........................Fluid Selection .134..............Identification Number .178Shifting the 6-speed Manual.........................Transmission .114.....................................Treadwear .182.......................................Trip Meter .44................................................Trunk .54........Emergency Trunk Opener .55.................................Opening the .54...................Open Monitor Light .41....................................Turn Signals .48Unexpected,Taking Care..........................................of the .153....Uniform Tire Quality Grading .182........................Unleaded Gasoline ed Oil,How to Dispose of .132......................Vehicle Dimensions .180....Vehicle Identification Number .178.............................Vehicle Storage .152.................................................VIN .178..................................Viscosity,Oil .130.............WARNING,Explanation of .i i .........Warning Labels,Location of .35....................Warranty Coverages .193Washer,Windshield........Checking the Fluid Level .134.....................................Operation .47...........................................Wheels .149............Alignment and Balance .148......................................Wrench .155....Windows,Operating the Power .59Windshield.....................................Defroster .77.......................................Washers .47IndexUVWVIIWipers,Windshield.......................Changing Blades . 144.....................................Operation .47....................................Worn Tires .148.....Wrecker,Emergency Towing .176..........................XM Satellite Radio .88IndexXVIIIIX。
船舶专业英语单词
船舶专业英语单词3-roller bending machine 三弯机Abandon v. 弃船Abolish v. 消除ABS 美国船级社Acceleration n. 加速度Accelerometer n. 加速度表Accommodate v. 容纳Accommodation deck起居(住舱)甲板Accuracy n. 精度Accurate synchrony device准同步装置acetylene cutter 气割机Acid-pickling n. 酸洗Acoustics n. 音响效果Adhesiveness n. 粘附力adjacent a.相邻的Adjust v. 调节Administration n. 行政管理Admit v. 接纳Adopt v. 采纳，采用affiliated factory 分厂，附属工厂aforementioned a.前述Aft a. adv. n. （在）船艉aft peak 艉尖舱after service 售后服务Ahead n. 正车air bottle 空气瓶air compressor 空压机air reservoir 气瓶air siren 汽笛air-tight test 气密实验alarm bell 警铃Alignment n. 找中all waves 全波Allowance n. 允值all position 全方位alternating current ( A.C.) 交流电Ammonia n. 氨Amplify v. 放大An automatic production line自动生产线analogous output 模拟输出analogue computer 模拟计算机Anchor n. 锚anchor chain （cable chain）锚链anchor handling 锚操纵Anchor windlass (chain windlass)起锚机anchorage buoy 系泊浮筒Angular n. 角度Antenna n. 天线anticorrosion precaution 防腐措施Apparatus n. (pl. apparatus orapparatuses) 仪器，器械，装置Appearance n. 外观Approval n. 批准，认可Approve vat. 认可Arbitrate v. 仲裁Arc n. 弧度arduous a.艰难的Arrange v. 布置，安排Asbestos n. 石棉Assemble v. 装配Assemble Language 汇编语言Assembly n. 装配Astern n. 倒车atmospheric survey 大气环流调查atomic power 原子能Atomize v. 雾化Authority n. 当局Automatic control device自动控制装置Automatic production line自动生产线automatic steering 自动操舵Automatic submerged arc welding自动埋弧焊automatic telephone 自动电话Aux. boiler 副锅炉Aux. engine 辅机Aux. engine room 辅机舱Aux. machinery 辅机auxiliary means 辅助手段auxiliary system 辅助系统axial push 轴向推力Backing n. 衬垫ballast piping 压载水管系ballast pump 压载泵ballast system 压载系统ballast water 压载水Base n. 基准Base point n. 基准点basic design 基本（方案）设计basic metal 母材battery unit 蓄电池组Beam n. 波束Beam n. 横梁Bearing n. 轴承bearing hole n. 轴承孔bedplate n. 机座bell set 铃组bending machine 冷弯机berth n. (水平)船台，（船上）床铺berth or slipway fabrication船台装配bilge n. 舱底水bilge keel 舭龙骨bilge plate 舭板bilge pump 舱底水泵bilge system 舱底水系统binary system 二进位制blank n. 毛胚block n. 分段block or section fabrication分段或总段装配blood vessel 血管blower 风机blue collar worker 蓝领,工人boat deck 艇甲板bollard n. 带缆桩bolt n. 螺栓bolthead n. 螺栓头bottom n. 船底bottom plate 底板bottom structure 底板结构bow n. 船艏bow &stern structure 艏艉结构bow section 艏段branch company 分公司，子公司branch system 分系统bridge n. 桥楼bridge control 桥楼控制broadcast n. v. 广播broadcast station 广播站bronze sleeve 青铜套筒bulbous bow 球鼻艏bulk cargo 散装货物bulk-cargo carrier 散装货船bulkhead n. 隔舱壁bulkhead structure 隔舱壁结构bushing n. 衬垫butt joint 对接接头cabin n. 舱室cable fixture 电缆夹具calculation n. 计算calculator n. 计算器calibrate v. 校正calibration n. 校正cam n. 凸轮cam follower 凸轮附件camber n. 梁拱camshaft n. 凸轮轴capstan windlass锚绞盘cargo n. 船货cargo oil 货油cargo –hold n. 货舱cargo-lifting n. 起货casing n. 罩壳cast iron piece 铸铁件casting n. 铸造cathode-ray type 阴极射线式CCS 中国船级社central control 集控centreline n. 中心线centrifugal a.离心的certificate n. 证书chain drive 链传动chain locker 锚链舱chain pipe 锚链管chain reaction 连锁反应chain stopper 制链器challenge n. v. 挑战chamfer v. 在边缘切斜面changeover switch 转换开关characteristics n.性能，特性，特征charge v. 充（电，气）check n. v. 检验chemical medium 化学介质China Classification Society(CCS)中国船级社China Ocean Shipping Company(COSCO) 中国远洋公司chip n. 芯片circle n. 圈子，团体class n. 船级classification n. 船级classification society 船级社cleanness n. 清洁度closed circulation 闭式循环clutch n. 离合器CO2 shielded arc welding 二氧化碳气体保护焊Coating n. 图层code n. 法典code display circuit 编码显示电路coefficients of ship form 船型系数cold processing 冷加工collision n. (船只)碰撞combustibility n. 可燃性combustion n. 燃烧combustion chamber 燃烧室combustion gas 燃气commanding telephone 指挥电话communication n. 通讯compartment n. 分隔舱compartment stuffing box隔舱填料函compass n. 罗经compass deck 罗经甲板compensate vt. 补偿competition n. 竞争completion drawing 完工图component n. 组成部分composition n. 成分组成compound excitation 复励comprehensive productivity综合生产能力compressed air 压缩空气compression (power)stroke n.压缩冲程computer control console计算机控制台conceptual a. 概念的condensation n. 冷凝conductor n. 导体connecting rod 连杆connection n. 接头constant voltage 恒压constitute v. 构成consumables n. 消耗品consumption n. 消耗contact v. 触发container n. 集装箱continuous deck 连续甲板contract n. 合同contradiction n. 矛盾control component 控制元件control console 控制台control unit 控制装置converse method 反装法convertor n. 转换器conveyor n. 传送带coolant n. 致冷剂coolant(cooling agent)n. 制冷剂cooler n. 冷却器cooling system 冷却系统cooperation n. 合作coordinate n. 坐标core enterprise 核心企业corrosion n. 腐蚀corrugated a. 波纹状的course n. 航向cover n. 药皮CPP drive 可调浆传动crank cheek 曲柄夹板crankcase n. 曲柄箱crankpin n. 曲柄臂crankshaft n. 曲轴crankweb n. 曲柄臂crew n. (全体)船员cross section 截面crosshead n. 十字头cultivate v. 培养，培育current n. 电流current n. 洋流，水流current-impulse frequencyconvertor 电流-脉冲频率变换器curve n. 曲线cutting n. 切割cylinder n. 气缸cylinder block 气缸体cylinder cover (cylinder head) 缸盖cylinder liner 气缸衬套cylinder oil 气缸油cylinder wall 缸壁data impulse 数据脉冲davit n. 吊艇架deadweight ton(DWT) n.载重量，吨载量Decca receiver 台卡定位仪deck n. 甲板deck girder 甲板材deck longitudinal 甲板纵骨deck machinery 甲板机deck plate 甲板板deck structure 甲板结构deckhouse 甲板室deform v. 形变deliver v. 交货，交船delivery n. 交船，交货delivery ceremony 交船典礼derrick n. 吊杆design stage 设计阶段designation n. 名称，牌号designation n. 目的地detail design 详细（施工）设计detect v. 探测detect v. 侦察detection n. 探测deviation n. 位移dial n. 刻度盘diameter n. 直径differentia n. 差异digital computer 数字计算机digital output 数字输出direct current(D.C.)直流电direct drive 直接传动direct telephone对讲电话，直线电话directional finder 测向仪directional instrument 指向仪器directional stability 航向稳定性disc n. 圆盘discharge n. v. 排水dispensable a. 非必要的dispute n. v. 争端，争执distribute v. 分布distribute v. 分配，配电distribution n. 配电distribution box 分电箱distribution panel 区配电板distribution switch 配电开关distribution system n. 配电系统division n. 划分DNV 挪威船级社Dock n. 船坞dock trial 码头试验docking winch 带缆绞车Doppler effect 多普勒效应Doppler frequency offset多普勒频移Doppler sonar log多普勒声纳计程仪double bottom 双层底double-action a.双作用down-vertical welding 下行焊draft(draught)n. 吃水drainage n. 疏水，泄水drawing n. 图纸drawing instrument 绘图仪drift v. 漂移drinking water 饮用水drip-proof type 防滴式drive n. 传动drive mechanism 传动机构drive mechanism 传动装置drive unit 传动装置driven shaft 从动轴dry v. 烘干drydock n. 干船坞dynamic –pressure type 水压式echo signal 返回信号echo sounder 回声测深仪economic effect 经济效益edge preparation 边缘加工edge processing 边缘加工edger n. 刨边机eject v. 喷射elapse v. （时光）消逝electric brain 电脑electric load 负荷electrical arc 电弧electrical compass 电罗经electrical drive 电力托动electrical energy 电能electrical impulse 电脉冲electrical power 电力electrical shedding 放电electrical signal 电器信号electrical slag welding 电焊渣electrical unit 电器装置electrical user 电器设备electrical-driven a. 电动的electrician n. 电工electricity outfitting 电舾electrode n. 焊条electromagnetic contactor电磁接触器electromagnetic induction 电磁感应electromagnetic log 电磁计程仪electromagnetic sensor 电磁传感器electronic computer 电子计算机electronics n. 电子（学）element n. 机械零件element n. 要素emerge v. 崛起，兴起emergency control 应急控制emergency network 应急电网emergency power station 应急电站emergency radio transmitter应急无线电发信机emergency steering 应急操舵emergency switchboard 应急配电板emergency telegraph 应急传令钟emergent discharge 应急排放emergent service 应急使用enclose v. 封闭encounter v. 遭遇energy convertor 换能器engine foundation (engine seat )机座engine frame 机架engine oil 机油engine outfitting 机舾engine space 机舱engineer n. 轮机员engineer n. 工程师engineering and technical team工程技术队伍engineer vessel 工程船engine-room 机舱ensure v. 确保enterprise n. 企业EO 无人机舱equipment n. 设备error n. 误差essence n. 实质，本质evolve v. 渐进，进化，演变excessive a. 过量的，极度的excitation n. 励磁excite v. 激励exhaust port 排气口exhaust stroke 排气冲程exhaust valve 排气阀expand v. 扩张，扩建expansion n. 展开图expansion stroke 膨胀（作工）冲程expansion tank 膨胀箱experiment n. 实验exterior force 外力extinguish v. 灭火F.O.meter 燃油流量计F.O．tank 燃油舱Fabricate v. 装配，制作fabrication n. 装配facile adaptability 灵活的适应性facsimile transmission(fax)传真fairing n. 光顺体，流线体fair-lead n. 导缆孔fashioned steel 型钢fast speed (rapidity)快速性fathometer n. 侧深仪feed v. 馈给feed circuit 馈电线路fillet seam 角焊缝fillet welding 角焊filter n. 过滤器. 过滤fine a. 纤细的finished product 成品fire alarm 火警fire hazard 火灾fire pump 消防泵fire-fighting system 消防系统fire-resistant a.耐火的fixed part 固定件flash signal light 闪光信号灯flat fillet seam 平角焊缝flexibility n. 挠性flexible coupling 挠性联轴节float launching 漂浮下水floatability n. 漂浮性floating positively 正浮floating production storageunit(FPSU)浮式生产储油轮flood v. 进水floodability n. 不沉性floor plate 肋板fluctuate v. 波动fluctuation n. 波动flush v. 清洗flushing agent 清洗剂flux n. 焊剂flywheel n 飞轮foam n. 泡沫folding machine 折边机for home use 国内用forced lubrication 强制润滑forced ventilation 机械通风fore perpendicular 艏垂线forecastle n. 艏楼foreign trade 外贸forging n. 锻造formation n. 构成，结构frame n. 肋骨framework n. 框架framing block 肋骨框架分段free end 自由端freeboard n. 干舷freighter n. 货船Freon n. 氟利昂frequency n. 频率frequency difference latching频率锁定frequency regulation 调频fresh water （F.W.）淡水fresh water production plant造水装置friction resistance 摩擦阻力fuel n. 燃料fuel nozzle 喷油嘴fuel oil 燃油fuel oil （F.O.）燃油fuel pipeline 燃油管系full-load a. 满载的full-load displacement 满载排水量funnel n. 烟囱galley n. 厨房gantry n. 龙门架gas cutting 气割gas tight seal 气密密封gas turbine engine 燃气轮机gas welding 气焊gear n. 齿轮gear drive 齿轮转动geo-physical propecting vessel地球物理探测船GL 西德劳氏船级社grant v. 给予……的权利gravity centre 重心gravity welding 重力焊groove v. 开坡口ground v. 接地group n. (企业)集团growth n. 生长，发育guarantee n. v. 保证general description 概述general-purpose a.通用的generating set 发电机组geometrical characteristics 几何特征geometrical principle 几何原理gravity launching 重力下水guided-missile frigate 导弹护卫舰gyro n. 陀螺仪gyro compass 陀螺罗经，回转罗经H.D.Heavy Machinery Co. Ltd.H.D.重机股份有限公司Halogen n. 卤素hand control手控hand level 手柄hand steering 手动操作hand wheel 手轮handle v. 操纵harbour n. 港口，停泊harbour generator 停泊发电机hardware n. 硬件hatch trunk 舱口围壁hawsepipe n. 锚链筒he water pressure system 水压系统headquarters n. 总部，厂部headroom n. 甲板间高度heat exchanger 热交换器heating n. 供暖heavy current n. 强电heavy oil 重油heel n. 横倾hereinbelow adv. 在下文high frequency 高频high-speed boat 高速艇horizontal a.水平的，卧式的horsepower(hp) n. 马力hose n. 软管hot processing 热加工hot work 火工hull n. 船体hull cleanness 船体光顺性hull construction 船体结构hull form 船型hull line 船体线型hull structure 船体结构human brain 人脑humidify v. 增湿hydraulic a. 液压的hydraulic fluid 液压流体hydraulic machine 液压机hyperbolic curve receive 双曲线定位仪identify vt.识别ignite v. 点火ignition n. 点火illumination n. 照明illustration n. 生动的说image display system 图象显示系统IMCO 政府间海事协商组织impact n. 冲击implication n. 含义impulsator n. 推动器，脉冲发生器impulse-type a.脉冲式的impurity n. 杂质inclination n. 倾斜inclination test 倾斜试验incline v. 倾斜index n. 索引indication n. 显示indicator n. 显示仪indicator n. 指示器indicator light 指示灯indicator valve示功阀inert gas 惰性气体inertia n. 惯性inertia platform 惯性平台inevitable a.不可避免的initial metacentric height 初稳心高inject n. 喷射injecting system 喷油系统injector n. 喷油器inner bottom longitudinal 内底纵骨inner bottom plate 内底板inner ring 内环input n. v. 输入inspector n. 质检员installation n. （船上）安装installation error 安装误差instancy speed 瞬时速度instrument n. 仪表,仪器insulating material 绝缘材料insulation n. 绝缘intake n. 吸入intake port 汲气口intake valve 进气阀integral casting 整体浇铸intention n. 意向intercommunication (intercom)n.内通，内部通讯interfering moment 干扰力矩intermediate bearing 中间轴承intermediate shaft 中间轴internal combustion engine 内燃机international authorities 国际当局Internet 因特网（国际互连网）introduce v. 引进，引入，介绍iron powder electrode 铁粉焊条jig n. 胎架joint design 联合设计journal n. 轴颈keel n. 龙骨keel plate 龙骨板keep station 定位kerosene test 煤油实验key enterprise 骨干企业kilohertz 千赫kinetic energy 动能knot n. 节labyrinth n. 迷宫，曲径land-based a. 路基的landing-place n. 码头lap joint 搭接接头large-computer(mainframecomputer) n. 大型（计算）机，主机lay v. 敷设length n. (一)节，（一）段level n. 液位level gauge 液位计level relay 液位继电器license n. 许可证life line 生命线life-belt n. 救生圈life-boat n. 救生艇life-jacket n. 救生衣life-or-death a.生死攸关的life-raft n. 救生筏life-saving n. 救生lifting capacity 起重能力light current 弱电lighting n. 照明light-ship displacement (light-load displacement)轻载排水量lines lofting 线型放样lines offsets 型值lines plan 线型图lining n. 衬垫load distribution 负荷分配load line mark 载重线标志load transfer 负荷转移local strengthening 局部加强locate v. 定位lock washer 锁紧垫片lofting n. 放样log n. 计程仪logical a.逻辑的long bridge 长桥楼longitudinal a.纵向的longitudinal (uniflow)scavenge直流扫气longitudinal bulkhead 纵隔舱壁longitudinal framing 纵向构架loop n. 回路loop antenna 环状天线Loran receiver 劳兰定位仪Loudspeaker n. 扬声器low speed 低速lower deck 下甲板LR 英国劳氏船级社lube oil 润滑油lube oil(L.O.)滑油lube oil pump 滑油泵lubricant n. 润滑剂lubricant film 润滑油膜lubricating oil 滑油lubrication system 滑油系统M.E.engine room 主机舱Machine v. 机加工machinery n. 机械machinery set 机组machinery workshop 机电车间machining n. 机加工machining workshop 机加工车间magnetic compass 磁罗经magnetic field 磁场magnetic needle 磁针magnetic object 磁性物体magnifier n. 放大器magnify v. 放大magnitude n. 大小main bearing 主轴承main engine (ME) 主机main generating set 主发电机组Main Group 1 第一大部分main hull 主船体main network 主电网main power station 主电站main switchboard 主配电板maintenance n. v. 维护，保养marker n. 厂商man power resource 人力资源management n. 生产管理maneuver v. n. 操纵maneuverability n. 操纵性maneuvering console 操纵台maneuvering system 操纵系统manual work 手工劳动manufacture n. &v. 生产，制造marine crane 船用起重机marine diesel engine 船用柴油机marine engineer 机电工程师marine engineering researchinstitute造机研究所marine geological research vessel海洋地质调查船mark v. 标出mast lightmaster controller 主令控制器Master degree 硕士学位material n. 材料material marking 下料mathematical a.数学的mathematical lofting skill数学放样技术maximum(max.)n. 最大means n. 手段，工具measurement laboratory 计量实验室measuring meter 测量仪表measuring point 测量点mechanical energy 机械能mechanical launching 机械下水mechanical processing 机加工mechanical unit 机械装置medium speed 中速medium wave 中波medium-computer n.中型（计算）机member n. 构件memory n. 储存器，内存memory and storage system储存系统merchant ship 民用船mercury n,水银meridian n. 子午线metacentre n. 稳心metal recovery 金属回收率metallic equipment 冶金设备microclimate n. 小气候microcomputer n. 微机microprocessor n. 微处理器midship n. a. adv. 舯部military ship 军用船miller n. 铣床minicomputer n. 小型计算机minimize v. 降至最低minus push 负推力minus value 负值miscellaneous a. 杂项的mobilize v. 动员model case 样箱model plate 样板model rod 样棒moderate a. 中型的modern enterprise system现代企业制度modus n. 操纵法（pl. modi）monitor v. 监视monitoring device 监控装置moor v. 系泊motive power 原动力motor n. 电动机mould loft 放样台mouth n. 河口moving part 运动件multi-purpose a.多用途的，综合的multi-stage n. 多级mutual benefit 互惠互利nautical mile 海里naval architect 造船设计师navigating instrument 导航仪器navigating zone 航区navigation computer 导航计算机navigation equipment 导航设备navigational light 航行灯navy n. 海军navy underway replenishment ship海军航行补给船NC cutting machine 数控切割机nerve cell 神经细胞nesting n. 套料network n. 电网nil n. 零，无NK 日本海事协会non –ferrous metal 有色金属non-restrictive a.自由的，不受限制的non-standard product 非标产品non-transparent a. 不透明的normal displacement 正常排水量normal shipping 正常营运nozzle n. 喷嚏numbering system 计算系统numeral n. 数字numerical control (NC)数控numerical control cutter 数控切割机nut n. 螺母observation n. 观察occasion n. 盛事，盛举ocean-going vessel 远洋船oceanographic research vessel海洋调查船offshore service 近海作业oil charging piping 注油管系oil consumption 油耗oil filling port 注油口oil mist 油雾oil refinery 炼油厂oil tanker 油船oil-resistant a.耐油的oil-tight n. 油密Omega/satellite integratednavigation instrument 奥米加/卫星导航系统one-side welding单面焊接，双面成形one-way a.单向的open chamber 开放式燃烧室open circulation 开放循环opening n. 开口operating cycle 工作周期operation n. 施工operation n. 运行，运转operation surroundings 作业环境operator n. 操纵员opportunity n. 机遇optical projector 光学仪器optics n. 光学orbit n. 轨道order n. v. 订单，定购oscillation n. 振荡oscillation current 振荡电流outboard adv. 向舷外outer appearance 外观outer ring 外环outfitting n. 舾装output n. 输出overload v. 过载owner n. 船东owner’s representative船东代表oxide n. 氧化皮paint n. 油漆pain-taking a.艰巨的painting n. 涂装painting n. 涂装，油漆工艺palletizing management 托盘管理parallel n. 并联v. 并车parallel of generators 发电机并车parameter n. 参数part n. 部件，机械部件part fabrication 部装particle n. 颗粒party n. (谈判或合同之)一方passage n. 通道passageway n. 通道passenger-cargo vessel 客货船performance n. 性能permanently adv. 永久的perpendicular n. 垂线personnel n. 全体人员personnel n. 人员，人事phase angle 相角phase sequence 相序phase –sensitive rectifier相敏整流器physical quantity 物理量physical-chemical experiment理化实验physical-chemical experimentalcenter理化中心实验室pillar n. 支柱pilot n. 驾驶员，领航员，舵轮pipe connection 管子接头pipe flange 管子法兰piping system 管系piston pin 活塞环piston pin 活塞梢piston stroke 活塞冲程pitch n. 纵摇plan n. 图纸plane n. 平面plane v. 整平planing machine 校平机plant n. （成套机电）设备platform n. 平台pneumatic tool 气动工具pointing of direction 指向poisonous gas 有毒气体pollution n. 污染poop n. 艉楼port n. 左舷portable light 手提灯postdoctoral centre 博士后工作站potable water 饮用水pour v. 涌入，源源不断power amplifier 功率放大器power plant 动力装置,(火力)电厂power station 电站power supply 电源，供电power system 电力系统,动力系统practice n. 习惯做法preamplifier n. 前置放大器pre-combustion chamber预燃燃烧室pre-heat v. 预热pressure container 压力容器pressure relay 压力继电器pressure sensor 压力传感器pressure tank 压力柜pretreat v. 预处理primary radio transmitter主无线电发信机prime mover 原动机primer n. 底漆primer painting 涂底漆principle dimensions 主尺度process n. 工艺，流程v. 加工，处理production efficiency 生产效率production line 生产线production procedure 生产程序program n. 程序projection plane 投影面prolong v. 延长promote v. 促进，晋升propeller n. 螺旋桨proportion n. 比例propulsion efficiency 推进效力propulsion plant 推进装置protection type 保护式provision n. 食品pump n. 汞purity v. 净化push rod 顶杆push-pull magnetic amplifier推挽磁放大器pyramid method 正装法quality assurance 质量保证quality control 质量控制quality management 质量管理quality policy 质量方针quay n. (顺岸式)码头quiescent a.安静的radar n. 雷达radio beacon station 导航台radio communication equipment无线电通讯设备radio directional finder 无线电测向仪radio message 无线电报radio receive 无线电接收机radio room 报房radio station 电台radio transmitter 无线电发信机radio wave 无线电波range n. 航程range v. 测距range display 航程显示器range unit 航程装置rated power 额定功率rated value 额定值reaction n. 反作用力reading n. 读数receiver n. 接收器reciprocating movement 往复运动rectification n. 矫正，整顿rectify v. 整流，滤波reduction gear 减速齿轮reduction gearbox 减速齿轮箱reduction unit 减速装置reduction with an astern clutch带到车离合器的减速reefer n. （俗）冷藏船，冰箱reflect v. 反射refrigerating plant 制冷装置register n. (机)验船师register vt. 登记，注册regulation n. 登记regulator n. 调整器relative humidity 相对湿度relative motion 相对运动relay contactor 继电器remains n. 残余remote control 遥控remote control station 遥控站rescue v. n. 救援rescue frequency 救援频率rescue transmitter 救援发信机resemble v. 相似reserve buoyancy 储备浮力reservoir n. 容器resistance n. 阻力resistance heat 电热阻rest v. 靠左retaining washer 保护垫片retake v. 回收，取回reversal n. 换向reverse v. 反向逆转reverse power 逆功率reversing system 换向机构revolution n. 旋转rigid a. 刚性的ring seam 环缝rock arm 摇臂roll n. 横摇roller machine 滚床room n. 余地rope n. 缆索rotary movement 旋转运动rotate v. 旋转rotating direction 旋转方向rotation n. 旋转度rotor n. 转子rough sea 波涛汹涌roughness n. 粗糙度routine n. 例行公事rpm 转速rudder n. 舵rudder angle indicator 舵角指示器rudder carrier 舵承，舵托rudder stock 舵轴，舵杆rudder stopper 舵角限制器rules n. 规范，规则running n. 经营管理rust preventative 防锈剂rust prevention 防锈rust removal 除锈rust-proof a.防锈的safeguard v. 捍卫safety valve 安全阀salt content 含盐量sanitary water 卫生水saturated steam 饱和蒸汽scavenge v. n. 扫气scavenge box 扫气箱scavenge flow 扫气气流scavenge pattern 扫气型式screen n. 荧光屏screw shaft 螺旋桨轴sea damage 海损sea trial 试航sea water (SW)海水sea-chart room 海图室seakeeping performances航海性能，试航性seal n. v. 密封sealing agent 密封剂sealing gasket 密封垫片sealing ring 密封圈search light 探照灯seasick a.晕船seat n. 座seating n. 基座section n. 总段self excitation 自励self-designed a.自行设计的self-regulated device 自我调节机构semi-conductor n. 半导体SEMT of France 法国热机协会senior engineer 高级工程师sensibility n. 灵敏度separation n. 分离separator n. 分离器serialize vt.使……成系列service n. 公共基础设施service engineer 服务工程师service life 使用寿命service tank 日用柜servo motor 伺服电动机settle v. 沉淀settling tank 沉淀柜shaft bracket 艉轴架，人字架shaft system 轴系shape processing 成形加工shear machine 剪切机shed v. 放射，散发sheer n. 脊弧sheet plate 薄板shell n. 壳板shell plating 外壳列板shell structure 外板结构ship equipment 船舶结构ship general 总体ship outfitting 船舾ship system 船舶系统shipbuilding n. 造船shipbuilding industry 造船工业shipbuilding technology researchinstitute 造船工艺研究所shipping n. 航运shipyard(yard)n. 船厂shop trial 车间实验shore electricity box 岸电箱short circuit 短路short wave 短波short-range a.短途的shot-blast v. 喷丸shot-blasting 喷丸处理side n. 船侧side girderside light 舷灯side plate 弦侧板side structure 船侧结构signal n. 信号signal light 信号灯signal processor 信号处理器silicon n. 硅silicon control rectifier(SCR)可控硅single bottom 单底single-action a.单作用single-rudder n. 单舵single-stage n. 单级single-screw n. 单桨site architect 现场造船师site supervisor 现场监控师sketch n. 草图slide-block n. 滑板，导块sliding distance 滑行距离slipway n. (倾斜)船台slipway taper 船台斜面small metacentric angle 小倾角socialist market economy社会主义市场经济software n. 软件soil n. 土壤SOLAS 国际海上人命安全公约SOS 遇难信号sound energy 声能sound insulation 隔音sound power telephone 声力电话sound speed 声速sound wave 声波sounder n. 测深仪sources of power supply 能源space n. 舱室space n. 空间spare gears 备品spare parts(spares)备件special power supply 特种电源speed indicator 航速指示器speed reduction 减速speed servo system 速度随动系统spring n. 弹簧squeeze n. v. 挤压stability n. 稳性stabilizer n. 减摇鳍stabilizing unit 减摇装置staff member 职员stage n. 级stainless steel 不锈钢stand v. 经受standard n. 标准standard displacement 标准排水量stand-by n. 备用stand-by generating set 备用发电机starboard n. 右舷start v. 动身，出发starting system 起动系统starting valve 启动阀state v. 说明state-specified a.部颁的station v. 驻扎steadiness n. 稳定性steam &aux. boiler system蒸汽与副锅炉系统steel plate pretreatment 钢板预处理steel structure 钢结构steel wire 钢丝steering gear 操舵装置steering gear 舵机steering gear room 舵机房steering mechanism 操舵机构steering wheel 舵轮stem n. 艏柱stern n. 船艉，艉柱stern tube 艉轴管stiffener n. 扶强，加强筋storage tank 贮存柜store-room n. 储藏室straight line 直线straight seam 直焊缝strength test 强度试验stringer n. 纵通材structural material 结构材料structure n. 结构，构件stud n. 螺柱stuffing box 填料函subway shield 地铁盾构suck v. 吸入suction (induction) stroke 汲气冲程suction port 吸入口sufficient a.足够的，充足的sum n. (数)二树之和supercomputer n. 巨型（计算）机superstructure n. 上层建筑supervision n. 监督,监造supply vessel 补给，工作船support n. 支撑物surface treatment 表面处理surveyor n. (船)验船师survive v. 幸存，死里逃生sustain v. 支撑，支持swirl chamber 涡流式燃烧室swirl resistance 涡流式阻力switch n. 开关symbol n. 符号symmetrical a.对称的synchro (selsyn)n. 自整角机synchro signal transmitter 自整角机讯号发送器synchronous device 同步装置synchronous follower 同步随动件talent n. 人才，有才能的technical staff 全体技术人员technical force 技术力量technical service 技术服务technical specification技术规格书technical term 技术术语telegraph n. 传令钟teleprinter n. 电传打字机teleperature relay 温度继电器temporarily adv. 临时地temporary emergency powersupply临时应急电源terminal n. 终端testing n. 调试testing facilities 测试设备testing instrument 测试仪器test & trials 试验与试航TEU reefer container ship 冷风集装箱船the ambient air 大气the application software 应用软件the block coefficient 方型系数the brake horse power (BHP)轴马力，制动马力the breath moulded 型宽the central processing unit (CPU)中央处理单元the centralized control room (thecontrol room)集控室the controllable pitch propeller(CPP)可调螺距桨the critical path method (CPM)各种计划节点配合the data base management system(DBMS)数据库管理系统the depth moulded 型深the design water plane 设计水线面the design water plane coefficient设计水面线系数the displacement coefficient 排水量系数the earth magnetic field 地球磁场the effective horsepower 有效马力the fire main 消防总管the fixed pitch propeller 固定螺距桨the future type 未来型the graphic processing software图像处理软件the intertia navigation system惯性导航系统the integral stud anchor chain 整体锚链the language system 语言系统the length B.P.两柱间长the length overall 全长the length W.L.水线长the living quarters 生活区the longitudinal prismaticcoefficient纵向菱形系数the metacentre of transversalinclination 横倾稳心the middle longitudinal crosssection舯横剖面the midship transversal crosssection coefficient 舯横截面系数the net registered tonnage 净登记吨位the North Pole 北极the office automation (OA)办公自动化the operating system (OS)操作系统the painting outfitting 涂装the parties concerned 有关方面the propulsion plant 推进装置the rated frequency 额定功率the rated horsepower 额定马力the roll period 横摇周期the satellite navigation system卫星导航系统the system software 系统软件the total longitudinal bend 总纵弯曲the total longitudinal strength 总纵强度the total tonnage 总吨位thermal mechanism 热力机械thermal stress 热应力thermometer n. 温度计thread v. 攻螺纹thrust bearing 推力轴承thrust end 推力端thrust ring 推力环thrust shaft 推力轴thyristor n. 硅可控整流器，可控硅tier n. （船）层TIG钨极惰性气体焊tightness test 密性试验time vt. 确定……的时间timing gear 准时机构title n. 职称，头衔tonnage n. 吨位top people 上层人物top side plate 弦侧顶板torsional vibration 扭振torsional moment 扭距TQC全面质量管理transceiver n. 收发报机transfer pump 输送泵transistor amplifier 晶体管放大器transistor controller 晶体控制器transistor loop 晶体管回路transmitter n. 发射机,发送器transportation n. 输送transversal a. 横向的transversal bulkhead 横隔舱壁transversal scavenge 横流扫气transversal stability 横稳性treatment plant 处理装置trend n. 趋势trial-and-error a.反复的通过试验找出错误的trim n. 纵倾trunk-piston n. 筒形活塞T-type joint T型接头tuition n. 学费turbine oil 透平油turbocharger n. 涡轮废气增压器turning ability 回转性turning circle 回转半径turning gear 盘车机构turning motion 回转twenty-foot equivalent unit (TEU)20英尺国际标准集装箱twin-engine incoporation 双机并车twinkle v. 闪烁twin-rudder n. 双舵twin-screw n. 双桨two-way a. 双向的ultra short wave 超短波UMS 无人机舱under voltage 欠电压uneven a. 不均匀uniform a. 均匀的unload v. 卸载upper deck 上甲板upset v. (船只)倾覆vacuum n. 真空validate vt. (使)生效valve mechanism 阀机构vaporize v. 汽化velocity n. 速度ventilating pipe 通风管ventilation &air-conditioningsystem通风与空调系统ventilator n. 通风机vertical a. 垂直的，直立式的vertical seam 垂直焊缝vertical welding 立焊vibration n. 振动viscosity n. 粘度visible range 视距visual telegraph 灯光传令钟visual-acoustical signal 灯光音响信号voltage n. 电压voltage latching 电压锁定voyage n. 航行waste heat 余热water head 压头water inlet pipe 进水管water jacket 水套water pressure test 水压试验water supply 水源，自来水water supply system 供水系统water vapour 水蒸气waterline 水线watertight a. 水密的water-tight test 水密试验wave impact 波浪冲击力resistance 兴波阻力wear n. v. 磨损weather post 露天部位weight calculation 重量计算welder n. 焊工，焊机welding n. 焊接welding laboratory(lab)焊接试验室welding machine 焊机welding procedure 焊接方法（工艺）welding seam 焊缝welding wire 焊丝well adv. 完全有理由wheel steering 随从操舵，舵轮操舵wheel house n. 驾驶室whereby adv. 靠那个wing buoyant tank 减摇水舱wire cable 钢索work n. 功working condition 工况working principle 工作原理working schedule 生产进度。
空中交通管制英语词汇表(ICAOEnglish)
空中交通管束英语词汇表 (ICAOEnglish)A.1 航空器及其系统（aircraftanditssystem）航空器框架（aircraftstructure）airframe机身flightdeck 驾驶舱wheelwell 轮舱front(fore)part 前部rear(aft)part后部port左舷（舵）starboard右舷（舵）inboardengineorinboards 内侧发动机outboardengineoroutboards外侧发动机nose机头belly机腹skin蒙皮outershell外壳rib翼肋spar翼梁stringer桁条windscreenorwindshield 风挡wing机翼trailingedge 机翼后缘leadingedge机翼前缘wingtip 翼尖controlsurface 操控面aileron副翼flaps(inboardflap,outboardflap,leadingedgeflaps)襟翼（内侧襟翼，外侧襟翼，前缘襟翼）spoilers(inboard\outboardspoiler)(spoilerdown\up)阻力板，扰流板（内、外侧扰流板）（扰流板放下、翻开）airbrakes减速板（阻流板）slats缝翼elevators(elevatorcontroltab) 起落舵（起落舵操控片）rudder(ruddercontroltab) 方向舵（方向舵操控片）flapangle襟翼角flapsetting 襟翼设定fullflappositionflap全襟翼地点lesslanding无襟翼着陆landinggear起落架stabilizer平定面nosewheel起落架前轮gearlocked起落架锁定wheelwell 起落架舱wheeldoor起落架舱门tyre轮胎burst爆破deflatedtyre瘪胎flattyre 漏胎puncture轮胎被扎破extendtheflaps(retracttheflaps) 放下襟翼（收上襟翼）extendthegear(retractthegear)放下起落架（收上起落架）gearextension(gearretraction)放轮（收轮）thegearisjammed起落架被卡阻theflapsarejammed襟翼被卡阻emergencyextensionsystem应急放下系统crankthegeardown摇动放下起落架brakes刹车discbrakes盘式制动器ananti-skiddevice 防滞装置anarrestinggear阻挠装置thrustreverser反推装置tailparachute尾伞thebrakesareunreliable刹车不行靠brakingactionispoor 刹车状况不好brakewear刹车磨损overheat超温（过热）slowdown 减慢（速度）bringtheplanetoastop使飞机停下passengercabin客舱floor 地板ceiling 顶棚（板）galley机上厨房toilet卫生间lounge歇息室partition 隔墙interiorfittings 机上器具oxygenmask氧气面罩cargo-hold货舱动力系统（powerplantsystem）nacelle(cowl）引擎短舱spinner螺旋桨整流罩pod发动机吊舱airinletorintake 进气道bird,wateringestion 发动机吸进了鸟、水foreignobjectdamage外来物损害fan电扇windmill 风车rotor转子fanblades电扇叶片propeller螺旋桨propellerblade桨叶propulsor推动器reductiongearbox减速器LPandHPcompressors低压和高压压缩机annularcombustor环行焚烧室multiple-cancombustor管型焚烧室can-annularcombustor管环焚烧室reverse-flowannularcombustor回流式环行焚烧室turboch arger涡轮增压器turbinewheel涡轮导向器supercharger增压器compressorblades压缩机叶片no zzles尾喷管（嘴），排气管cy linder气缸crankshaft曲轴exhaustsection排气部分enginesetting发动机设置RPM(revolutionperminute)转速（转每分）settheenginetoidle慢车位givefullthrottle(orpower)totheengine 全油门（功率）throttleuptheengine 加油门throttledown(orback)theengine 收油门engineeringtrouble 机械故障enginefailure 发动机无效theenginerunsrough发动机工作不稳固theenginerunssmoot hly发动机工作稳固vibration颤动theengineislowonpower马力小lowrumble发动机发出低落的响声loudbangs发动机放炮enginesurge发动机喘振engineshutdown泊车engineflameout发动机熄火exhaustductandtail cone排气道和尾锥enginefeathered顺桨航空器系统（aircraftsystem）燃油系统（fuelsystem）fuelsystem燃油系统fueltanks燃油箱vent通气孔fuelhydrant 加油栓fuellines 燃油管路fuelpump 燃油泵fuelfilter 油滤joints接头dumpvalves放油阀fuelshut-offlevers 燃油油路切断操控杆fuelflowindicators 燃油流量表lowfuelpressurewarninglights 燃油油压过低警示灯滑油系统（oilsystem）lubricant润滑剂lubrication 润滑oillines 滑油管路oilpressureindicators 滑油压力表oiltemperatureindicator 滑油温度表oilcooler 滑油散热器液压系统（hydraulicsystem）hydrauliclines 液压管路hydraulicactuator 液压作动筒hydraulicpump 液压泵pressurecontrolvalves压力控制阀pressuresensors压力传感器reliefvalves 释压阀flowcontrolvalves 流量控制阀(actuating)jacks千斤顶seals密封圈电器系统（electricalsystem）DCgenerator直流发电机anACgenerator沟通发电机APU(auxiliarypowerunit) 协助动力装置inverter变换器solidstatetransformer固态变压器rectifier 整流器fuse保险丝wire电线circuit 电路lead连线/引线circuitbreaker 跳开关空调系统（air-conditioningsystem）pressurecontrol压力控制environmentalcontrolsystem 环境控制系统cooling 冷却electroniccoolingsystem 冷凝系统heating加热humidifier 增湿器heatexchanger热互换器fans电扇pressurization增压airducts空气导管pneumaticsystem汽源系统驾驶舱（cockpit）操控系统（controlsystem）flightcontrolsystem 飞翔操控系统flightmanagementcomputersystem 飞翔管理计算机系统boostedcontrols助力操控系统manualcontrols人工操控系统levers/stick/column 杆controlcolumn 操控杆controlpanel控制板captain ’spanel机长仪表板glareshieldpanel防眩板centerconsole中央操控台handles操控手柄knobs按钮或旋钮switchers开关thrustlevers油门cranks曲柄（摇把）controlstand操控台rudderbar方向舵连杆elevatorcontrols 起落舵操控系统flapcontrols 襟翼操控系统autopilotcontrols 自动驾驶操控系统autothrottlesystem自动油门系统instrumentlandingsystem 仪表着陆系统microwavelandingsystem 微波着陆系统hand－operatedcontrol人工驾驶brakecontrolunit 制动控制单元steeringwheel方向盘（前轮）航空器仪表（aircraftinstrument）gauge仪表primarydisplaysystem 主显示系统electronicinstrumentsystem 电子仪表系统systemsmonitoringinstruments 系统监控仪表indicator指示器（仪表）flightdirector 飞翔引导仪engineindicator发动机仪表accelerometer加快度计aneroidbarometer膜盒气压计metre(dial)表盘（刻度盘）instrumentpanel仪表板audiocontrolpanel 音频控制面板overheadpanel顶部仪表板flightengineer ’s随panel机工程师仪表板radiomanagementpanel无线电管理面板flightnavigationcontrolpanel 导航控制面板flightdatainterf aceunit飞翔数据接口digitalflightdatarecordi ngsystem数字式飞翔数据记录系统enginevibrationmonitoringunit发动机振动监控系统weightandbalancesystem装载与配平系统altimeter高度表radioalti meter无线电高度表airspeedindicator空速表automaticdirectionfinder自动定向仪turnandbankindicator转弯侧滑仪attitudedirectorindicator姿态指示仪horizontalsituationindicator水平地点指示器setthealtimeter高度表拨正verticalspeedindicator起落速度表(gyro)horizon陀螺地平仪directionalgyro陀螺方向仪航空器动作（aircraftmaneouvre）pitch俯仰roll横滚yaw偏转banktheaircraft 压坡度liftoff 抬（提）起pitchuptheaircraft(tonoseup) 抬机头pitchdowntheaircraft(tonosedown) 推机头down向下dive俯冲climbsteeply 大角度爬升correctiveaction 修正动作leveloff 改平stall失速recoverfromstall 从失速中改出cutbackdecrease收油门spin螺旋sharpturn急转弯wideturn小坡度转弯slippingturn 内侧滑转弯skiddingturn 外侧滑转弯A.2 气象（meteorology）云（cloud）ceiling 云底高cloudlayer 云层cumulonimbus 积雨云toweringcumulonimbus 塔状积雨云altocumulus高积云nimbostratus雨层云altostratus高层云cirrocumulus 卷积云cirrostratus卷层云cirrus卷云funnelcloud 漏斗云stratocumulus层积云stratus层云vertebratus脊状云capillatus鬃状云solidclouds浓重的云scatteredclouds疏云raggedclouds破裂的云（残云）mackerelsky鳞状云breaksinovercast阴间多云few少云scattered疏云broken裂开云，多云overcast(continuous) 满天云ontop在云上belowcloud 在云下betweenlayers在云层间incloud 在云中inandoutofcl oudcloudisbuild ingupcloudisclear ingup 断续云中云在增添云在消逝能见度（visibility）skyclear晴空skyobscured天空不明sandstorm沙暴mist轻雾haze霾brume雾,霭smoke烟smog烟雾lightfog 轻雾densefog浓雾freezingfog 冻雾driftingfog 吹雾，平流雾fogdispersalinprogress雾在消逝fogiscomingdown 正在起雾fogisclearingup 雾在消逝fogisgettingworse 雾愈来愈浓风（wind）wind风surfacewind地面风windaloft 高空风tailwind 顺风headwind迎风crosswind侧风wind-gauge风向风速仪thewind-sock风向袋windcalm 无风（静风）lightwind 细风moderatewind中速风strongwind强风variablewind 风向不稳固steadywind稳固风gust阵风windshift 风向转变windshear风切变gustsupto8m/s阵风达8m/slull 风停gale一阵狂风storm风暴eddy,awhirlwind旋风vortex(vortices)涡流windWveering NWwindWbackingSW风由西向西北转风由西转向西南thewindisshifting 风在转向thewindisrising 刮风thewindisabating 风在减小thewindisgettingstronger 风愈来愈大颠簸（turbulence）clearairturbulence 晴空颠簸moderateturbulence中度颠簸severeturbulence严重颠簸smooth安稳的bumpy,turbulent 颠簸的betossed,buffeted受气流（或涡流）影响而使摇晃updraught上涨气流downdraught下降气流jetstream高空急流降水（precipitation）lightrain 毛毛雨heavyrain大雨intermittentrain 间歇性雨continuousrain连续性降水brightperiods雨停天晴时期occasionalshowers有时下阵雨passingshowers正在经过的阵雨scatteredshowers零零落散的阵雨torrentialrain,downpour 暴雨waterspout水龙卷drizzle毛毛雨freezingrain 冻雨sleet雨夹雪squall飑（线）hurricane飓风tornado龙卷风thunderstorm雷暴flashoflightning 闪电光lightning 闪电hail冰雹hailstorm雹暴softhail 软雹snow雪snowstorm雪暴snowflake鹅毛大雪snowshower阵雪snowgust忽然一阵大雪icing结冰ice冰sheetofice一层冰rime白霜，雾淞温度（temperature）surfacetemperature地面温度outsideairtemperature外界温度，大气温度dewpoint露点温度thetemperaturerise温度上涨thetemperaturedrop温度下降thetemperatureisrising温度在上涨thetemperatureisfalling 温度在下降thetemperatureissteady温度稳固freezinglevel 冻冰点温度，结冰层，（指结冰层的下限）跑道道面状况（runwaysurfacecondition）loosesnow软雪firmsnow 实雪compactedsnow压实的雪meltingsnow 在化的雪slush雪水（或半化的雪）snowdrift 雪堆snowplough扫雪车snowclearance雪消除thenorthtaxiwayissnowbound 北滑行道被雪封住了therunwayiswet 跑道湿therunwayisicy 跑道上有结冰therunwayisslippery 跑道滑poolsofwater 跑道积水icepatches冰块（指跑道上结成的一块块的冰）glazedfrost(clearice) 明冰hoarfrost白霜brakingactionispoor 刹车效应差brakingactionismedium 刹车效应中brakingactionisgood 刹车效应好A.3机场车辆与设备（）airportvehicleandequipmentservicingtruck 地面特种车辆airportpassengerbus/ferry摆渡车tug/towingtractor 拖车towbar拖把groundpowerunit 地面电源车cateringtruck 食品车（配餐车）groundairpreconditioningunit 地面空调车waterservicetruckgalleyservic etruckdolly 平台车tractor牵引车forklifttruc k 叉车供水车餐车firetruck 救火车ambulance救护车crashtender事故办理车wheelbarrow 独轮手推车airsteps机载客梯snowplough犁雪车rampvehicle机坪车辆securityvan保安运货车ice-melter除冰车coach大客车refueller 加油车hydrantdispenser管线加油车runwaysnowblower 吹雪车sweeper打扫车A.4 地面有关服务（relevantgroundservice）rubberremoval消除橡胶scrub清洗，擦洗conveyor输送带passengergate登机口terminal 候机楼groundhandling 地勤cargodoorsill 货舱门基座pallet平板架，托板chute行李滑运道jetway廊桥（美）airbridge/loadingbridge 廊桥（英）pier候机楼登机走廊stairway扶梯apron/ramp客/停机坪hangar机库customs海关blastfences防吹墙loadsheet舱单customsclearance海关验放airwaybill 航空运货单safetyservices安全服务windshieldwiper 风挡刮水器（美）windscreenwiper 风挡刮水器（英）deplane下飞机，从飞机上卸掉（美）disembark/unload下飞机，从飞机上卸掉（英）enplane登机（美）embark/board登机（英）groundradar地面雷达2.AbbreviationsA Amber琥珀色（南北向主航路）A/A Air-to-air空对空AAL AboveAerodromeLevel超出机场平面ABM Abeam正切ABN Aerodromebeacon机场灯标ABT About对于ABV Above以上AC Altocumulus高积云ACACAirbornecollisionavoidancesystem机载防撞系统ACC Areacontrolcenter地区管束中心ACCIDNotificationofanaircraftaccident航空器出事通知ACFT Aircraft航空器ACK Acknowledge认可，收悉CAN Aircraftclassificationnumber航空器等级序号AD Aerodrome机场ADA Advisoryarea咨询区ADFAutomaticdirection-findingequipment自动定向设备ADIZ Airdefenseidentificationzone防空辨别区ADR Advisoryroute咨询航路ADS Address收电地点ADVS Advisoryservice咨询服务ADZ Advise通知AEISAeronauticalen-routeinformationservice航空的航路情报服务AER Approachendrunway跑道的进近端AERADIO Airradio航空无线电AES Aerodromeemergencyservices机场紧迫服务AFB Airforcebase空军基地AFCS Automaticflightcontrolsystem飞翔自动控制系统AFISAerodromeflightinformationservice机场飞翔情报服务AFL Abovefieldlevel高于场面AFM Affirmative是的，对的AFS Aeronauticalfixedservice航空固定服务AFTNAeronauticalfixedtelecommunicationnetwork航空固定电信网A/G Airtoground空对地AGAAerodromes,airroutesandgroundaids机场、航路和地面助航设备AGL Abovegroundlevel超出地面AGN Again再，再次AIREP Airreport空中报告ALA Alightingarea着陆区，下降区ALR Alerting告警ALS Approachlightingsystem进近灯光系统ALT Altitude海拔高度ALTN Alternate备降，备分AM Amplitudemodulation调幅AMA Areaminimumaltitude地区最低高度AMDT Amendment订正AMS Aeronauticalmobileservice航空挪动服务AMSL Abovemeansealevel超出均匀海平面AOC Airportobstaclechart机场阻碍物图AOR Areaofresponsibility责任区APCH Approach进近APP Approachcontrol进近管束APRX Approximate大概APU Auxiliarypowerunit协助动力装置APV Approve同意AROAirtrafficservicesreportingoffice空中交通服务报告室ARP Airportreferencepoint机场基准点ARQ Automaticerrorcorrection自动偏差纠正ARR Arrival抵达ARSA Airportradarservicearea机场雷达服务区ARSR Airroutesurveillanceradar空中航路监督雷达AS Altostratus高层云ASC Ascendto上涨ASDAAccelerate-stopdistanceavailable可用加快停止距离ASPH Asphalt沥青ASR Airportsurveillanceradar机场监督雷达ATA Actualtimeofarrival实质抵达时间ATC Airtrafficcontrol空中交通管束ATD Actualtimeofdeparture实质离场时间ATF Aerodrometrafficfrequency机场交通频次ATFM Airtrafficflowmanagement空中交通流量管理ATISAutomaticterminalinformationservice自动终端情报服务ATM Airtrafficmanagement空中交通管理ATN Aeronauticaltelecommunicationnetwork航空电信网ATS Airtrafficservice空中交通服务ATZ Aerodrometrafficzone机场交通地带AUTH Authorized受权AUW Allupweight腾飞全重AUX Auxiliary协助的AVBL Available实用的，可用性AVG Average均匀AWY Airway航路AZM Azimuth方向（角）B Blue兰色（南北向辅航路）BA Brakingaction刹车效应BASE Cloudbase云底BC Backcourse后航道BCN Beacon灯标BCST Broadcast广播BDRY Boundary界限BFR Before在以前BGN Begin开始BKN Broken裂云BLDG Building建筑物BLW Below以下BRG Bearing方向（角）BTL Betweenlayers云层之间，云层飞翔BTN Between在之间BYD Beyond超出C DegreesCelsius(Centigrade)摄氏度CAACCivilaviationadministrationofChina中公民用航空总局CAB CivilAeronauticsBoard（美国）民用航空委员会CAT Clearairturbulence晴空颠簸CAT Category分类，类型CB Cumulonimbus积雨云CEIL Ceiling云高CGL Circlingguidancelight(s)回旋引导灯CH Channel波道CHG Change改变、换CIV Civil民用CK Check检查，校核CL Centerline中心线CLBR Calibration校订CLG Calling呼喊CLR Clear,clearance放行，放行同意CLSD Closed封闭CM Centimeter厘米CMB Climbto爬升至CNL Cancelorcancelled撤消CNSCommunication,navigationandsurveillance通信、导航和监督COM Communications通信CONC Concrete混凝土COND Condition条件，状况CONT Continue(s)连续，连续的COORD Coordinates坐标COP Change-overpoint变换点COR Correctorcorrection正确，改正CORR Corridor走廊CPU Centralprocessingunit计算机中央办理系统CRP Compulsoryreportingpoint强迫性地点报告点CRT Cathoderaytube阴极射线管CRZ Cruise巡航CTA Controlarea管束区CTL Control管束，控制CTN Caution注意CTR Controlzone管束地带CWY Clearway净空道DA Decisionaltitude抉择高度DCKG Docking停靠DCT Direct直线进近，直飞DEG Degree度DEP Depart/departure腾飞或离场DEPT Department部门DES Descendto下降DEST Destination目的地DEV Deviation偏航，偏离DFTIDistancefromtouchdownindicator离接地距离指示器DH Decisionheight抉择高DIST Distance距离DIV Divert,diverting改航，转向DLA Delay延迟DME Distancemeasuringequipment测距仪DP Dewpointtemperature露点DPT Depth深度DR Deadreckoning推断DRG During在时期DS Duststorm尘暴DSB Doublesideband双边带DUR Duration连续期，连续时间DVOR DopplerVOR多普勒全向信标EAT Expectedapproachtime估计进近时间EET Expectedelapsedtime估计航程（经过）时间EFC Expectedfurtherclearance估计进一步放行同意ELEV Elevation标高EM Emission发射，发讯EMERG Emergency紧迫，应急ENG Engine发动机ERR Error错误EST Estimate估计，估计ETA Estimatedtimeofarrival估计抵达时间ETD Estimatedtimeofdeparture估计离场时间ETE Estimatedtimeenroute估计航路飞翔时间ETO Estimatedtimeover估计飞越时间EXC Except除..以外EXP Expect预期，希望EXTD Extend延长、延长F DegreesFahrenheit华氏（度）FAAFederalAviationAdministration联邦航空局（美）FAC Facilities设备，设备FAF Finalapproachfix最后进近定位点FAP Finalapproachpoint最后进近点FAS Finalapproachsegment最后进近航段FAX Facsimiletransmission传真FC Funnelcloud漏斗云FCST Forecast预告FCT Frictioncoefficient摩擦系数FG Fog雾FIC Flightinformationcenter飞翔情报中心FIR Flightinformationregion飞翔情报区FIS Flightinformationservice飞翔情报服务FISAAutomatedFlightinformationservice自动飞翔情报服务FL Flightlevel飞翔高度FLD Field机场，场所FLG Flashing闪光，照明弹FLT Flight飞翔，飞翔航班FM From自，从FM Frequencymodulation调频FMS Flightmanagementsystem飞翔控制系统FMU Flightmanagementunit流量管理单位FNA Finalapproach最后进近FPL Filedflightplan申报的飞翔计划FPM Feetperminute英尺/分FPR Flightplanroute飞翔计划路线FR Fuelremaining节余油量FREQ Frequency频次FSL Fullstoplanding全停着陆FSS Flightservicestation飞翔服务站FST First第一FT Feet英尺G Green绿色（东西向主航路）GA Generalaviation通用航空GCAGroundcontrolledapproach(radar)地面管束进近（雷达）GEO Geographicortrue地理的或真的GMT Greenwichmeantime地面管束GP Glidepath下滑道GPS Globalpositioningsystem全世界定位系统GRADU Gradually渐渐地GS Glideslope下滑坡度GS Groundspeed地速GWT Grossweight全重H2424hourservice24小时服务HBN Hazardbeacon危险信标HC Criticalheight临界高HDFHighfrequencydirectionfindingstation高频定向台HDG Heading航向HEL Helicopter直升机HF Highfrequency(3-30MHz)高频HGT Height高HJ Sunrisetosunset日出至日没，昼间服务HLDG Holding等候HN Sunsettosunrise日没日出至，夜间服务HPA Hectopascal百帕HSDuringhoursofscheduledoperations按航班开放HIS Horizontalsituationindicator水平状态指示仪HST Highspeedtaxiwayturn-off高速转出滑行道HX Irregularservice非准时服务Hz Hertz(cyclespersecond)赫兹（每分钟周数）IAC Instrumentapproachchart仪表进近图IAF Initialapproachfix开端进近定位点IALInstrumentapproachandlandingchart仪表进近和着陆图IAP Instrumentapproachprocedure仪表进近程序IAR Intersectionofairroutes航路交错点IAS Indicatedairspeed指示空速IATAInternationalairtransportassociation国际航空运输协会IBN Identificationbeacon辨别灯标ICAOInternationalCivilAviationOrganization国际民航组织IDENT Identification辨别，认别标记IF Intermediateapproachfix中间进近定位点IFR Instrumentflightrules仪表飞翔规则IGS Instrumentguidingsystem仪表引导系统ILS Instrumentlandingsystem仪表着陆系统IM Innermarker内指点标IMCInstrumentmeteorologicalconditions仪表气象条件IMG Immigration入境，移民IMPT Important重要INBD Inbound进场，向台INFO Information资料，情报INOP Inoperative不工作INP Ifnotpossible如不行能INPR Inprogress在进行中INS Inertialnavigationsystem惯性导航系统INT Intersection交错点，联系道INTER Intermittent中断的INTL International国际的INTRG Interrogator咨询器INTRP Interrupted中止，扰乱IR Iceonrunway跑道积冰IS Island岛屿ISAInternationalstandardatmosphere国际标准大气JTST Jetstream高空激流KG Kilogram公斤KHz Kilohertz千赫KM Kilometer公里KMH Kilometer(s)perhour公里/时KT Knots海里/时KW Kilowatt千瓦L Locator(Compass)示位台LAT Latitude纬度LB Pound磅LCT Localtime当地时间LDA Landingdistanceavailable可用着陆距离LDG Landing着陆LDI Landingdirectionindicator着陆方向指示器LEN Length长度LF Lowfrequency低频（30-300千赫）LGT Light,lighting灯，灯光LIH Lightintensityhigh高强度灯LIL Lightintensitylow低强度灯LIM Lightintensitymedium中强度灯LLZ Localizer航向道LMM Locatormiddlemarker示位台中指点标LOM Locatoroutermarker示位台外指点标LONG Longitude经度LORANLORAN(longrangeairnavigationsystem)罗兰（远程导航系统）LT Localtime当地时LVL Level水平，层M Meters米MAA Maximumauthorizedaltitude同意的最大高度MAG Magnetic磁的MAINT Maintenance维修，保护MAP Aeronauticalmapsandcharts航空地图和航图MAPT Missedapproachpoint复飞点MAR Marine(Atsea)在海上，在大海MAX Maximum最大的MB Millibar毫巴MBZ Mandatorybroadcastzone强迫广播区MCA Minimumcrossingaltitude最低穿越高度MDA Minimumdescentaltitude最低下降高度MDFMediumfrequencydirection-findingstation中频定向台MEA Minimumen-routealtitude最低航路高度MER TrueheightaboveMSL超出均匀海平面的真高MET Meteorological气象的METAR Aviationroutineweatherreport(inaeronauticalmeteorologicalcode)航空例行天气预告（用航空气象电码）MF Mediumfrequency中频（300-3000赫兹）MHA Minimumholdingaltitude最低等候高度MHz Megahertz兆赫MID Mid-point(relatedtoRVR)中间点（对于跑道视程）MIL Military军用，军事MIN Minutes分钟MKR Markerradiobeacon无线电指点信标MLS Microwavelandingsystem微波着陆系统MM Middlemarker中指点标MM Millimeter毫米MOA Militaryoperatingarea军事活动区MOCMinimumobstacleclearance(required)最小超障余度（要求的）MOD Moderate中度MOV Move,movement活动，运动MPH Milesperhour英里/小时MPS Meterspersecond米/秒MPW Maximumpermittedweight最大同意重量MRA Minimumreceptionaltitude最低接受高度MRG Mediumrange中程MS Minus减，负MSA Minimumsectoraltitude最低扇区高度MSG Message电报MSL Meansealevel均匀海平面MT Mountain山MTOW Maximumtake-offweight最大腾飞重量MTWA Maximumtotalweightauthorized最大同意全重N Night,northornorthern夜间，北或北方NA Notauthorized不同意，不同意NAT NorthAtlantic北大西洋NAV Navigation导航NAVAID Navigationalaid导航设备NB Northbound向北飞翔的NC Nochange无变化NCRP Non-compulsoryreportingpoint非强迫性地点报告点NDB Non-directionalradiobeacon无方向性信标NE Northeast东北NEB North-eastbound向东北飞的NEG No,negative不，不是，不正确的NGT Night夜，夜晚NIL None没有NM Nauticalmiles海里NML Normal正常NOF InternationalNOTAMoffice国际航行通知室NAP Noiseabatementprocedure消噪音程序NOTAM Noticetoairman航行通知NR Number号码，数NW North-west西北NWB North-westbound向西北方向飞的NXT Next下一个，下次OAC Oceanicareacontrolcenter大海管束中心OAS Obstacleassessmentsurface阻碍物评论面OBSObserve,observed,observation观察，察看OBST Obstruction阻碍物OCA Oceaniccontrolarea大海管束区OCA Obstacleclearancealtitude超障高度OCS Obstacleclearancesurface超障面OM Outermarker外指点标OPN Open开放OPR Operator,operate,operative经营人，报务员，运行OPS Operations运行，运行O/R Onrequest按要求，按申请OTS Outofservice不工作OVNGT Overnight留宿PALSPrecisionapproachlightsystem精细进近灯光系统PANS-OPSProceduresforairnavigationservices—aircraftoperations航行服务程序-航空器运行PAPIPrecisionapproachpathindicator精细进近航径指示器PAR Precisionapproachradar精细进近雷达PARL Parallel平行PCNPavementclassificationnumber道面等级序号PCZ Positivecontrolzone绝对管束地带PERM Permanent永远的PJE Parachutejumpingexercise跳伞训练PLN Flightplan飞翔计划PN Priornoticerequired需预先通知POB Personsonboard机上人员PRKG Parking停机PROB Probability概率，可能性PROC Procedure程序PROP Propelleraircraft螺旋桨航空器PROV Provisional暂时的，暂时的PS Plus加、正PSG Passing过往，经过PSGR Passenger游客PSN Position地点PTN Procedureturn程序转弯PWR Power电源，功率QDM Magneticbearingtofacility向台磁方向QDRMagneticbearingfromfacility背台磁方向QFUMagneticorientationofrunway跑道磁向QTE Truebearing真方向QUAD Quadrant象限R Red红色（东西向辅航路）R Radar,right雷达，右RA Radioaltimeter无线电高度表RACRulesoftheairandairtrafficservices空中规则和空中交通服务RAG Runwayarrestinggear跑道制动装置RAI Runwayalignmentindicator瞄准跑道指示器RB Rescueboat救生艇RCA Reachingcruisingaltitude抵达巡航高度RCC Rescueco-ordinationcenter营救协调中心RCF Radiocommunicationfailure无线电通信无效RCL Runwaycenterline跑道中心线RCLM Runwaycenterlinemarkings跑道中心线标记RCLR Recleared再放行RDL Radial径向线REC Receive,receiver收，收到，接收REDL Runwayedgelight(s)跑道边灯REF Reference参阅REG Registration登记，注册REILRunwayendidentificationlights跑道端辨别灯RENL Runwayendlight(s)跑道端灯REP Reportingpoint报告点REQ Request恳求RF Radiofacility无线电设备RFLG Refueling加油（燃料）RH Righthand右手（边）RL Reportleaving离开报告RLCE Requestlevelchangeen-route恳求在航路上改变高度层RLLS Runwaylead-inlightingsystem跑道引进灯光系统RMK Remarks附注，备注RNAV Areanavigation地区导航/领航ROC Rateofclimb上涨率，爬升率ROD Rateofdescent下滑率，下降率RPM Revolutionsperhour每分钟的转数RSCD Runwaysurfacecondition跑道道面状况RSR En-routesurveillanceradar航路监督雷达RTE Route航路RTF Radiotelephony无线电话RTG Radiotelegraphy无线电报RTHL Runwaythresholdlight(s)跑道进口灯RTR Remotetransmitter/receiver遥控发射机/接收机RTS Returntoservice恢复工作RTT Radioteletypewriter无线电传打字机RTZL Runwaytouchdownzonelight(s)跑道接地带灯RVR Runwayvisualrange跑道视程RVV Runwayvisibilityvalues跑道能见度数值RWY Runway跑道S South南、南纬SAR Searchandrescue找寻与援救。
能源重要的数据
Energy consumption (quadrillion Btus)
60
History
50
40
30
20
10
Projections
Oil Natural gas
Coal Nuclear Nonhydro renewable
Renewable hydro
0 1970
1980
1990 2000 Year
Easily transported within and between countries
Air pollution when burned
Low land use
Technology is well developed
Efficient distribution system
Releases CO2 when burned
1950 Year
2025
2100
Figure 17-6 Page 353
Slide 7
Space Heating Passive solar
Natural gas
Oil
Active solar
Coal gasification Electric resistance heating (coal-fired plant) Electric resistance heating (natural-gas-fired plant)
Underground-mined coal
Natural gas Oil Coal gasification Direct solar (highly concentrated by
4.9 4.7 1.5 0.9
mirrors, heliostats, or
EMERGENCY CORE COOLING SYSTEM
专利名称：EMERGENCY CORE COOLING SYSTEM 发明人：INOUE HITOSHI申请号：JP17584187申请日：19870716公开号：JPS6420494A公开日：19890124专利内容由知识产权出版社提供摘要：PURPOSE:To omit a mechanical seal cooler by injecting the cooling water taken from the discharge port of the mechanical seal itself of an emergency core cooling pump and cooling the mechanical seal when the temp. of the water handled by said pump is not high. CONSTITUTION:The cooling water taken from a discharge nozzle of the emergency core cooling pump 1 is guided through a water intake piping 2 and a valve 7 to a cyclone separator 3 which is a filter device. The water cleaned by the separator is injected through a water injecting piping 4a and a solenoid valve 9 to the mechanical seal of the emergency core cooling pump 1. The water separated from the cleaned water in the separator 3 is returned through a return piping 6 and a valve 8 to the suction side of the cooling pump 1. The solenoid valve 9 of the water injecting piping 4a is fully closed and the solenoid valve 12 of an external water injecting piping 11 is fully opened to inject water to the mechanical seal from an external water source if the temp. of the water handled by the pump exceeds the permissible temp. of the water to be injected to the mechanical seal.申请人：TOSHIBA CORP更多信息请下载全文后查看。
核电缩略语小全
Description Access Building Auxiliary Boiler Building Access Building Ventilation System Alternating Current Valve Diagnosis and Evaluation Method Analog to Digital Converter Air Handling Unit Adiabatic Isochoric Complete Combustion As Low As Reasonable Achievable Automation Level System Actuation Logic Units Automated Modular/Mobile Decontamination Appliance Aero-ball Measurement System Axial Offset (%) Anticipated Operational Occurrence Pneumatic Operated Valve Automation Processors Airplane Crash Acquis ition And Processing Units All Rods In All Rods Out Automation System American Society of Mechanical Engineers Anticipated Transient Without Scram Anticipated Transient Without Trip Automation Unit Antivibration Bars Annulus Ventilation System Basic Design Report
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UNIT 21 EMERGENCY CORE COOLING SYSTEM
应急堆芯冷却系统
1.Engineered safety features (ESFs) are installed in the nuclear
power plant to mitigate the consequences in the accidents.
核电站内设置专设安全设施，以减轻事故的后果。
2.The ESFs include such systems as emergency core cooling system,
containment heat removal system (e.g., containment spray syste m), containment combustible gas control system, auxiliary feedw ater system, component cooling water system and emergency power system.
专设安全设施包括：应急堆芯冷却系统，安全壳热量导出系统（如安全壳喷淋系统），安全壳可燃气体控制系统，辅助给水系统，设备冷却水系统和应急电源。
3.The emergency core cooling system (ECCS) is designed to cool t
he reactor core and provide additional shutdown capability foll owing loss of coolant accident (LOCA), steam generator tube rup ture, or main steam line break.
ECCS应急堆芯冷却系统用于在发生LOCA（冷却剂失水事故），SGTR（蒸发器传热管破裂事故），MSLB（主蒸汽管道破裂事故）情况下冷却堆芯和提供额外的停堆能力。
4.The ECCS is divided into several subsystems consisting of both
passive systems and active systems.
ECCS分为几个能动动和非能动的子系统。
5.The passive systems consist of large volume tanks (accumulator
s) which are filled with borated water and pressurized with nit rogen gas.
非能动的系统由大容积的水箱（安注箱）组成，箱内装有硼水，上部由带压的氮气覆盖。
6.The active systems consist of several pumping systems of varyi
ng discharge pressure and flow rates, e.g., high head injection system, low head injection system.
能动系统由不同注入压力和流量的泵系统组成，如高压安注系统，低压安注系统。
7.In order to meet the single failure criterion, it is necessary
that each active component be duplicated.
为满足单一故障准则，能动设备必须冗余。
8.All active components are actuated by an engineered safety sys
tem actuation signal (also known as safety injection signal).
所有能动设备均能被专设安全信号（也称为安注信号）触发启动。
9.All active systems use the refueling water storage tank as a s
ource of water following the loss of coolant accident.
在LOCA事故时，所有能动系统都将换料水箱作为水源。
10.The operation of the emergency core cooling system following a
loss of coolant accident can be divided into three modes: inje ction mode, cold leg recirculation and hot leg recirculation.
LOCA工况下ECCS的运行可分为三种模式：安注，冷段再循环，热段再循环。
11.Cold leg recirculation mode will provide long term cooling for
the core and hot leg recirculation mode will be used alternate ly provide reverse flow to the core.
冷段再循环给堆芯提供长期的冷却，热段再循环用于交替地给堆芯提供反向流。
12.The emergency core cooling system must meet the acceptance crit
eria, e.g., peak cladding temperature remains less than 1204℃.
ECCS必须满足安全准则，如峰值包壳温度小于1204℃。