06M-phase
Belimo SH24A-MP300 通信式线性驱动器说明书
SH24A-MP300Communicative linear actuator adjustingdampers and slide valves in technical building installations• Actuating force 450 N• Nominal voltage AC/DC 24 V• Control modulating, communicative 2...10 V variable• Position feedback 2...10 V variable• Length of Stroke Max. 300 mm, adjustable in 20 mm increments• Communication via Belimo MP-Bus • Conversion of sensor signalsTechnical dataElectrical dataNominal voltageAC/DC 24 V Nominal voltage frequency 50/60 HzNominal voltage rangeAC 19.2...28.8 V / DC 21.6...28.8 V Power consumption in operation 3.5 W Power consumption in rest position 1.4 W Power consumption for wire sizing 6 VAConnection supply / control Cable 1 m, 4x 0.75 mm²Parallel operationYes (note the performance data)Data bus communicationCommunicative control MP-Bus Number of nodesMP-Bus max. 8Functional dataActuating force motor 450 NActuating force variable 25%, 50%, 75% reduced Operating range Y 2...10 V Input impedance100 kΩOperating range Y variable Start point 0.5...30 V End point 2.5...32 V Operating modes optionalOpen/close3-point (AC only)Modulating (DC 0...32 V)Position feedback U 2...10 V Position feedback U note Max. 0.5 mA Position feedback U variable Start point 0.5...8 V End point 2.5...10 V Position accuracy ±5%Direction of motion motor selectable with switchDirection of motion note Y = 0 V: with switch 0 (retracted) / 1 (extended)Direction of motion variable electronically reversible Manual override with push-button, can be locked Stroke300 mmLength of Stroke Max. 300 mm, adjustable in 20 mm incrementsStroke limitation can be limited on both sides with mechanical end stops Running time motor 150 s / 100 mm Running time motor variable 150...600 s / 100 mm Adaptation setting rangemanualSH24A-MP300Technical dataFunctional data Adaptation setting range variable No actionAdaptation when switched onAdaptation after pushing the manual overridebuttonOverride control MAX (maximum position) = 100%MIN (minimum position) = 0%ZS (intermediate position, AC only) = 50%Override control variable MAX = (MIN + 32%)...100%MIN = 0%...(MAX – 32%)ZS = MIN...MAXSound power level, motor52 dB(A)Safety data Protection class IEC/EN III, Safety Extra-Low Voltage (SELV)Power source UL Class 2 SupplyDegree of protection IEC/EN IP54Degree of protection NEMA/UL NEMA 2Enclosure UL Enclosure Type 2EMC CE according to 2014/30/EUCertification IEC/EN IEC/EN 60730-1 and IEC/EN 60730-2-14UL Approval cULus according to UL60730-1A, UL60730-2-14and CAN/CSA E60730-1The UL marking on the actuator depends onthe production site, the device is UL-compliantin any caseHygiene test According to VDI 6022 Part 1 / SWKI VA104-01, cleanable and disinfectable, lowemissionType of action Type 1Rated impulse voltage supply / control0.8 kVPollution degree3Ambient humidity Max. 95% RH, non-condensingAmbient temperature-30...50°C [-22...122°F]Storage temperature-40...80°C [-40...176°F]Servicing maintenance-freeWeight Weight 1.3 kgSH24A-MP300•••••••••••Safety notesThis device has been designed for use in stationary heating, ventilation and air-conditioning systems and must not be used outside the specified field of application, especially in aircraft or in any other airborne means of transport.Outdoor application: only possible in case that no (sea) water, snow, ice, insolation or aggressive gases interfere directly with the device and that it is ensured that the ambient conditions remain within the thresholds according to the data sheet at any time.Only authorised specialists may carry out installation. All applicable legal or institutional installation regulations must be complied with during installation.The device may only be opened at the manufacturer's site. It does not contain any parts that can be replaced or repaired by the user.Cables must not be removed from the device.The rotary supports and coupling pieces available as accessories must always be used if transverse forces are likely. In addition, the actuator must not be tightly bolted to the application. It must remain movable via the rotary support (refer to «Installation notes»).If the actuator is exposed to severely contaminated ambient air, appropriate precautions must be taken on the system side. Excessive deposits of dust, soot etc. can prevent the gear rod from being extended and retracted correctly.If not installed horizontally, the maual override button may only be actuated when there is no pressure on the gear rod.To calculate the actuating force required for air dampers and slide valves, the specifications supplied by the damper manufacturers concerning the cross- section and the design, as well as the installation situation and the ventilation conditions must be observed.If a rotary support and/or coupling piece is used, actuation force losses are to be expected.The device contains electrical and electronic components and must not be disposed of as household refuse. All locally valid regulations and requirements must be observed.Product featuresOperating modeConventional operation:The actuator is connected with a standard control signal of 0...10 V and drives to the position defined by the control signal. Measuring voltage U serves for the electrical display of the damper position 0...100% and as control signal for other actuators.Operation on Bus:The actuator receives its digital control signal from the higher level controller via the MP-Bus and drives to the position defined. Connection U serves as communication interface and does not supply an analogue measuring voltage.The actuator has a seal closing function. The mechanical end stop is actively approached as soon as the control signal < DC 2.1 V or > DC 9.9 V. As soon as the control signal is again > DC 2.2 V or < DC 9.8 V, the actuator drives to the position defined by the control signal in the adapted range.Converter for sensorsConnection option for a sensor (passive or active sensor or switching contact). The MPactuator serves as an analogue/digital converter for the transmission of the sensor signal via MP-Bus to the higher level system.Parametrisable actuators The factory settings cover the most common applications. Single parameters can be modified with the Belimo service tools MFT-P or ZTH EU.Simple direct mountingThe actuator can be directly connected with the application using the enclosed screws. The head of the gear rod is connected to the moving part of the ventilating application individually on the mounting side or with the Z-KS1 coupling piece provided for this purpose.Manual overrideManual override with push-button possible (the gear train is disengaged for as long as the button is pressed or remains locked).SH24A-MP300Adjustable strokeIf a stroke limitation will be adjusted, the operating range on this side of the gear rod can be used starting with an extension length of 20 mm and then can be limited respectively in increments of 20 mm by means of the mechanical end stops Z-AS1.High functional reliabilityThe actuator is overload protected, requires no limit switches and automatically stops when the end stop is reached.Home positionThe first time the supply voltage is switched on, i.e. at the time of commissioning, the actuator carries out a synchronisation. The synchronisation is in the home position (0%).The actuator then moves into the position defined by the control signal.Adaptation and synchronisationAn adaptation can be triggered manually by pressing the "Adaptation" button or with the PC-Tool. Both mechanical end stops are detected during the adaptation (entire setting range).Automatic synchronisation after pressing the manual override button is configured. The synchronisation is in the home position (0%).The actuator then moves into the position defined by the control signal.A range of settings can be adapted using the PC-Tool (see MFT-P documentation)Product featuresAccessoriesGatewaysDescriptionType Gateway MP to BACnet MS/TP UK24BAC Gateway MP to Modbus RTUUK24MOD Electrical accessoriesDescriptionType Signal converter voltage/current 100 kΩ 4...20 mA, Supply AC/DC 24 V Z-UIC Positioner for wall mounting SGA24Positioner for built-in mounting SGE24Positioner for front-panel mounting SGF24Positioner for wall mountingCRP24-B1MP-Bus power supply for MP actuatorsZN230-24MP Mechanical accessoriesDescriptionType End stop kit, Multipack 20 pcs.Z-AS1Rotary support, for linear actuator, for compensation of transverse forcesZ-DS1Coupling piece M8Z-KS1ToolsDescriptionType Service tool, with ZIP-USB function, for parametrisable andcommunicative Belimo actuators, VAV controller and HVAC performance devicesZTH EUBelimo PC-Tool, Software for adjustments and diagnostics MFT-P Adapter for Service-Tool ZTHMFT-C Connecting cable 5 m, A: RJ11 6/4 ZTH EU, B: 6-pin for connection to service socketZK1-GEN Connecting cable 5 m, A: RJ11 6/4 ZTH EU, B: free wire end for connection to MP/PP terminalZK2-GENElectrical installationSupply from isolating transformer.Parallel connection of other actuators possible. Observe the performance data.SH24A-MP300 Wire colours:1 = black2 = red3 = white5 = orangeWiring diagramsMP-BusAC/DC 24 V, modulatingElectrical installationFunctionsFunctions with basic values (conventional mode)Override control with AC 24 V with relay contacts Override control with AC 24 V withrotary switchControl remotely 0...100% withpositioner SG..Minimum limit with positioner SG..Primary/secondary operation (position-dependent)Functions with basic values (conventional mode)Control with 4...20 mA via external resistorCaution:The operating range must be set to DC 2...10 V.The 500 Ohm resistor converts the 4...20 mA current signal to a voltage signal DC 2...10 V.Functional checkProcedure1. Connect 24 V to connections 1 and 22. Disconnect connection 3:– with direction of rotation L: Actuator rotates to the left – with direction of rotation R: Actuator rotates to the right3. Short-circuit connections 2 and 3:– Actuator runs in opposite directionFunctions with specific parameters (Parametrisation necessary)Connection on the MP-BusMP-Bus Network topologyMax. 8 MP-Bus nodesThere are no restrictions for the network topology (star, ring, tree or mixed forms are permitted).Supply and communication in one and the same 3-wire cable • no shielding or twisting necessary• no terminating resistors required•••••Functions with specific parameters (Parametrisation necessary)Connection of active sensorsConnection of external switching contactSupply AC/DC 24 VOutput signal 0...10 V (max. 0...32 V)Resolution 30 mVSwitching current 16 mA @ 24 VStart point of the operating range must be parametrised on the MP actuator as ≥0.5 VConnection of passive sensors1) Depending on the type 2) Resolution 1 OhmCompensation of the measured value is recommendedOverride control and limiting with AC 24 V with relay contactsControl open/closeSH24A-MP300Functions with specific parameters (Parametrisation necessary)Override control and limiting with AC 24 V with rotary switchControl 3-point with AC 24 VCaution:The "Close" function is only guaranteed if the start point of the operating range is definedas min. 0.5 V.FunctionsOperating controls and indicators1Direction of stroke switch Switch over:Direction of stroke changes2Push-button and LED display green Off:No power supply or malfunction On:In operationPress button:Triggers stroke adaptation, followed by standard mode3Push-button and LED display yellow Off:Standard modeOn:Adaptation or synchronisation process active Flickering:MP-Bus communication active Flashing:Request for addressing from MP client Press button:Confirmation of the addressing4Manual override button Press button:Gear train disengages, motor stops, manual override possible Release button:Gear train engages, synchronisation starts, followed by standard mode5Service plugFor connecting parametrisation and service tools Check power supply connection 2 Off and 3 OnPossible wiring error in power supplyInstallation notesIf a rotary support and/or coupling piece is used, losses in the actuation force losses are to be expected.SH24A-MP300Applications without transverse forcesThe linear actuator is screwed directly to the housing at three points. Afterwards, the head of the gear rod is fastened to the moving part of the ventilation application (e.g. damper or slide valve).Applications with transverse forcesThe coupling piece with the internal thread (Z-KS1) is connected to the head of the gear rod. The rotary support (Z-DS1) is screwed to the ventilation application. Afterwards, the linear actuator is screwed to the previously mounted rotary support with the enclosed screw.Afterwards, the coupling piece, which is mounted to the head of the gear rod, is attached to the moving part of the ventilating application (e.g. damper or slide valve). The transverse forces can be compensated for to a certain limit with the rotary support and/or coupling piece. The maximum permissible swivel angle of the rotary support and coupling piece is 10° (angle), laterally and upwards.Installation notesServiceTool connectionThe actuator can be parametrised by ZTH EU via the service socket.For an extended parametrisation the PC tool can be connected.Connection ZTH EU / PC-ToolDimensionsFurther documentation• Overview MP Cooperation Partners• Tool connections• Introduction to MP-Bus TechnologyApplication notes• For digital control of actuators in VAV applications patent EP 3163399 must be considered.。
通信原理-李晓峰-课后习题讲解
线性调制和非相性调制
10
3-2 一个AM信号具有如下形式 s t 20 2 cos 3000 t 10 cos 6000 t cos 2 f c t 其中fc=105Hz (1)试确定每个频率分量的功率； (2)确定调幅指数； (3)确定边带功率、全部功率，以及边带功率与全部功 率的比。 解：（1）试确定每个频率分量的功率 s t 20 2 cos 3000 t 10 cos 6000 t cos 2 f c t
⑴ 在DSB方式中，解调增益
G 2 ，因此解调器输入信噪比
20 S 1 S 1 10 10 50 N i 2 N o 2
同时，在相干解调时， N
9 N 10 W i o 因此解调器输入端的信号功率 S 50 N 5 10 8 W i i
20 cos 2 f c t cos 2 ( f c 1500)t cos 2 ( f c 1500)t 5cos 2 ( f c 3000)t 5cos 2 ( f c 3000)t
s t
的5个频率分量及其功率为：
cos 2 ( f c 1500)t cos 2 ( f c 1500)t
s
3
4 Rs 4bit / key 2key / s 8bits / s
1-6 假定容量为4.7GB的DVห้องสมุดไป่ตู้盘可存储133min的数字 视频资料，试计算该数字音频信号的数据率(二元 符号率)是多少？ 解：数据率为
4.7 230 Bytes 8bits / Byte R 5.059Mbps 133 60 s
h(t ) cg (T t ) g (T t )
功率放大器模块PAM06说明书20191025
PAM06
Min
Typ
±Vs∓ 8.8 ±Vs∓ 6.6
±Vs∓ 6.8 ±Vs∓ 4
2.5
10
10
4
Max 10
Units
V V µs V/µs nF Ω A
5.5 电源
Parameter Voltage Current, quiescent, boost supply Current, quiescent, total
深圳市优测科技有限公司
8.补偿
Cc 和 Rc 为外部补偿器件，根据所选择增益的大小，选择合适的电容和电阻值。
Gain 1 ≥3
≥10
Cc 470pF 220pF 100pF
9.机械尺寸
Rc 100Ω Short Short
6
Test Condition Full temp range
PAM06
Min
Typ
Max
±15
±75 ±100
22
26
Units
V mA mA
5.6 温度
Parameter
Test Conditons
Resistance, AC, junction to case Resistance, DC, junction to case Resistance, junction to air Temperature range, case
23 24 25 26 29 30 其余
名称 +VB GND CC RC +VS OUT -VS -CL +CL IQ -VB +IN -IN NC
描述 升压电源正极。如果未使用，则它将导通至+Vs。 地，将 2 和 28 这两个引脚连接到系统信号地。 补偿电容连接。根据相位补偿选择值。 补偿电阻连接。根据相位补偿选择值。 电源正极 输出引脚，将这些引脚连接到负载再连接的反馈电阻上 电源负极 连接到限流电阻负载侧。当 RCL 两端的电压增加时，电流限制将激活。 连接到限流电阻的 OUT 侧。当 RCL 两端的电压增加时，电流限制将激活。 静态电流还原引脚，连接到 6 引脚使 AB 产生电压差。 升压电源负极。如果未使用，则短至-Vs。 正相输入 反相输入 不连接
艾默生UPS电源专项培训-6脉冲和12脉冲技术差别
120KVA 机型6脉冲和12脉冲的技术差别6脉冲指以6个可控硅（晶闸管）组成的全桥整流，由于有6个开关脉冲对6个可控硅分别控制，所以叫6脉冲整流。
一般三相电使用6脉冲整流时，由于晶闸管只在交流电压波形幅值大于直流母线电压时才导通，输入电流不连续呈脉冲状，谐波含量很高，不加额外的滤波方式如无源滤波（电感）、有源滤波（PFC ）时，输入反馈回电网的谐波电流总THD 超过30%，即总谐波电流含量超过总电流的33%，有可能造成配电线缆、变压器发热，空气开关误动作，发电机喘振等。
6脉冲整流原理图和电流电压效果图：加入无源滤波器即校正电感后，才可将输入电流谐波含量降至10%左右。
但这仅仅是满载情况下的指标。
实际上，越是轻载情况，6脉冲整流器的输入谐波电流含量就越大，比如50%负载情况下，6脉冲整流器的输入谐波电流总含量超过56%；25%负载情况下，则超过78%。
也就是说，谐波的绝对值基本不随负载量的减轻而减少。
12脉冲是指在原有6脉冲整流的基础上，在输入端增加移相变压器后在增加一组6脉冲整流器，使直流母线电流由12个可控硅整流完成，因此又称为12脉冲整流。
它使整流器导通角大幅增加，输入电流更平滑，谐波电流含量减少，一般可达到10%左右，在增加无源电感滤波后，输入谐波电流可降至4%以下。
而且，即使轻载工作，其良好的输入电流特性也不会大幅下降。
比如50%负载情况下，12脉冲整流器的输入谐波电流总含量＜12%；25%负载情况下，则＜15%。
可以有效减少谐波的绝对值。
12脉冲整流UPS 原理如下图：自动旁路移相变压器L+L-电池开关内置手动维修旁路UPS 1电池SCRSCR6脉冲整流器6脉冲整流器UPS 中有并联冗余的2个6脉冲整流器，所以，其工作时即使有一个整流器故障，也不会影响UPS 正常工作，提高了UPS 系统的故障容错能力。
由于使用了全功率的移相变压器和6脉冲整流器，所以同厂家的12脉冲整流器的UPS 比6脉冲整流器的UPS 体积、重量都要大至少1/3。
电网保护-Sepam 20系列
19
说明
20
预定义功能说明
21
使用SFT2841 软件调整预定义功能
22
特性
22
基本单元
22
描述
23
说明
26
尺寸
27
技术特性
28
环境特性
29
接线图
29
基本单元
29
Sepam 20系列
30
Sepam 40系列
31
相电流输入
32
剩余电流输入
33
电压输入
33
Sepam 20系列
34
Sepam 40系列
35
1A至6250A
－
220V至250kV
Sepam 40系列
1A至6250A 0.4至1.3 In 见In额定相电流 2A，5A或20A额定值
1A至6250A (In0 = In)
1A至6250A (In0 = In/10)
220V至250kV
3VTs: V1, V2, V3 2VTs: U21, U32 1VT: V1
Sepam 20系列传感器输入
相电流输入 剩余电流输入 相电压输入 剩余电压输入 温度输入 (在MET148-2模块上)
S20
3 1 0 0 0
T20, M20
3 1 0 0 8
B21, B22
0 0 3 1 0
Sepam 40系列传感器输入
相电流输入 上)
42
10输入/4输出模块
42
描述
43
安装
44
Sepam 20系列的逻辑输入/ 输出分配
45
Sepam 40系列的逻辑输入/ 输出分配
46
Belimo SM24P-S 机械空气门驱动器说明书
SM24P-S Actuador para compuertas RobustLine para elajuste de compuertas en plantas de CVAA,plantas industriales similares e instalacionestécnicas de edificios• Compuerta de aire de tamaño hastaaprox. 4 m²• Par de giro del motor 20 Nm• Tensión nominal AC/DC 24 V• Control Todo-nada, 3 puntos• Con contacto auxiliar integrado• Protección óptima frente a la corrosión y losefectos de las sustancias químicas, radiaciónUV, humedad y condensación.Datos técnicosDatos eléctricos Tensión nominal AC/DC 24 VFrecuencia nominal50/60 HzRango de tensión nominal AC 19.2...28.8 V / DC 19.2...28.8 VConsumo de energía en funcionamiento 2 WConsumo energía en reposo0.2 WConsumo de energía para dimensionado 4 VAContactos auxiliares1x SPDT, 0...100%Capacidad de conmutación de los contactos1 mA...3 A (0.5 A inductivo), DC 5 V...AC 250 VauxiliaresConexión de la alimentación / control Cable 1 m, 3 x 0.75 mm² (sin halógenos)Conexión de los contactos auxiliares Cable 1 m, 3 x 0.75 mm² (sin halógenos)Funcionamiento en paralelo Si (tenga en cuenta los datos defuncionamiento)Datos de funcionamiento Par de giro del motor20 NmSentido del movimiento del motor Se puede seleccionar con el interruptor enposición 0 (giro antihorario, ccw) o 1 (girohorario, cw)Accionamiento manual con pulsador, se puede bloquearÁngulo de giro Máx. 95°Nota de el ángulo de giro Se puede limitar a ambos lados con topesmecánicos ajustablesTiempo de giro del motor150 s / 90°Nivel de potencia sonora, motor45 dB(A)Interfaz mecánica Accionador del eje, abrazadera universal14...20 mmIndicador de posición Mecánico, acoplableDatos de seguridad Clase de protección IEC/EN III, Tensión extra-baja de seguridad (SELV)Fuente de suministro eléctrico UL Class 2 SupplyII, aislamiento reforzadoClase de protección de los contactos auxiliaresIEC/ENGrado de protección IEC/EN IP66/67Grado de protección NEMA/UL NEMA 4XCarcasa UL Enclosure Type 4XCEM CE según 2014/30/UEDirectiva de baja tensión CE según 2014/35/UECertificación IEC/EN IEC/EN 60730-1 y IEC/EN 60730-2-14SM24P-S•••••••••••••Datos de seguridadUL ApprovalcULus según UL60730-1A, UL 60730-2-14 y CAN/CSA E60730-1La marca UL en el actuador depende del centro de producción; en cualquier caso, el dispositivo tiene conformidad UL Tipo de acciónTipo 1.B Tensión de resistencia a los impulsos0.8 kVTensión de resistencia a los impulsos, contactos auxiliares 2.5 kV Grado de polución 4Humedad ambiente Máx. 100% RH Temperatura ambiente-30...50°C [-22...122°F]Temperatura de almacenamiento -40...80°C [-40...176°F]Mantenimientosin mantenimiento PesoPeso 1.8 kgNotas de seguridadEste dispositivo ha sido diseñado para su uso en sistemas estacionarios de calefacción,ventilación y aire acondicionado y no se debe utilizar fuera del campo específico de aplicación, especialmente en aviones o en cualquier otro tipo de transporte aéreo.Sólo especialistas autorizados deben realizar la instalación. Durante la instalación, deberán cumplirse todas las regulaciones de instalación legales o institucionales que s cajas de conexiones deberán ser equivalentes como mínimo con el grado de protección IP de la carcasa.La carcasa protectora se puede abrir para realizar ajustes y el mantenimiento. Cuando se cierre más adelante, la carcasa deberá presentar un cierre estanco (véanse las instrucciones de instalación).El dispositivo sólo se puede abrir en el centro del fabricante. No contiene piezas que el usuario pueda reemplazar o reparar.No se deberán extraer los cables del dispositivo instalado en el interior.Para calcular el par de giro necesario, deberán respetarse las especificaciones facilitadas por el fabricante de la compuerta en lo relativo a la sección transversal, el diseño, el lugar de instalación y las condiciones de ventilación.El dispositivo contiene componentes eléctricos y electrónicos y no se puede desechar con los residuos domésticos. Deben tenerse en cuenta todas las normas y requerimientos locales vigentes.La información sobre la resistencia química hace referencia a las pruebas de laboratorio con materias primas y productos terminados, así como a los ensayos en las áreas de aplicación indicadas.Los materiales utilizados pueden estar expuestos a influencias externas (temperatura,presión, fijaciones de construcción, efecto de las sustancias químicas, etc.) que no se puedan simular en un laboratorio o en ensayos de campo.Por lo tanto, la información sobre las zonas de aplicación y resistencia sólo se deberá utilizar como orientación. En caso de duda, le recomendamos que haga una prueba. Esta información no implica ningún derecho legal. Belimo no se hará responsable ni ofrecerá ninguna garantía. La resistencia mecánica o química de los materiales utilizados no basta por sí misma para evaluar la idoneidad de un producto. Se deben tener en cuenta las regulaciones pertinentes relativas a los combustibles líquidos como disolventes, etc., especialmente las relativas a la protección contra explosiones.En las aplicaciones UL (NEMA) Type 4X es necesario utilizar conductos para cables metálicos flexibles o conductos para cables roscados con el mismo valor.Cuando se utiliza con cargas UV elevadas, p. ej., en condiciones de luz solar extremas, se recomienda utilizar conductos de cables metálicos flexibles u otros equivalentes.SM24P-SCampo de aplicaciónResistenciasMateriales utilizadosMontaje directo y sencillo Accionamiento manual Ángulo de giro ajustable Alta fiabilidad funcionalSeñalización flexibleColores de los hilos:1 = negro 2 = rojo 3 = blanco S1 = violeta S2 = rojo S3 = blancoCaracterísticas del productoEl actuador está especialmente indicado para utilizarse en aplicaciones de exterior y cuenta con protección para las siguientes condiciones climáticas:- Secaderos de madera - Granjas- Procesamiento de alimentos - Agricultura- Piscinas cubiertas / baños - Salas de roof-tops- Aplicaciones generales de exterior - Clima alternante - LaboratoriosTest de gases nocivos conforme a EN 60068-2-60 (Fraunhofer Institut ICT/DE)Test de niebla salina conforme a EN 60068-2-52 (Fraunhofer Institut ICT/DE)Test de amoníaco conforme a DIN 50916-2 (Fraunhofer Institut ICT/DE)Test climático conforme a IEC60068-2-30 (Trikon Solutions AG/CH)Desinfectantes (animales) (Trikon Solutions AG/CH)Test de radiación ultravioleta (radiación solar a nivel del suelo) EN 60068-2-5, EN 60068-2-63 (Quinel/Zug CH)Carcasa del actuador de polipropileno (PP)Prensaestopas/eje hueco de poliamida (PA)Cable de conexión FRNCNuez de arrastre/tornillos en acero normal 1.4404Juntas en EPDMAdaptador para ejes cuadrados de aluminio anodizadoMontaje directo y sencillo en el eje de la compuerta con una abrazadera universal, suministrada con un dispositivo antirrotación para impedir que el actuador gire.Es posible realizar un accionamiento manual oprimiendo el pulsador (el engranaje se mantiene desembragado mientras el pulsador siga presionado o bloqueado).Ángulo de giro ajustable mediante topes mecánicos. Ajuste estándar 0 - 90°. Para ajustar el ángulo de giro hay que retirar la carcasa.El actuador se encuentra protegido contra sobrecargas, no necesita ningún contacto limitador y se detiene automáticamente cuando alcanza el final de carrera.Con contacto auxiliar ajustable (de 0...100%)Para ajustar el contacto auxiliar, es necesario retirar la carcasa.Instalación eléctricaAlimentación del transformador de aislamiento de seguridad.Es posible realizar una conexión en paralelo de otros actuadores. Respete los datos de funcionamiento.SM24P-SEsquema de conexionado AC/DC 24 V, todo-nadaAC/DC 24 V, 3 puntosContacto auxiliarControles de funcionamiento e indicadoresConfiguración del contacto auxiliarNota: realizar la configuración en el actuador únicamente en estado sin tensión.Para la configuración de la posición del contacto auxiliar, realizar los puntos a sucesivamente.14Pulsador para desembrague manualMantener el botón pulsado: desembrague del engranaje.Es posible el accionamiento manual.AbrazaderaGirar hasta que la línea de borde muestre la posición de conmutación del actuador deseada y soltar el botón .Contacto auxiliarGirar el selector rotativo hasta que la flecha apunte a la línea vertical.CableConectar el comprobador de continuidad a S1 + S2 o a S1 + S3.Si el contacto auxiliar debe conmutar en la dirección opuesta, girar el contacto auxiliar 180°.12A 134SM24P-S DimensionesLongitud del eje-20 (58)Rango de nuez。
Simco-Ion Model 5635M AeroBar MP静电消除棒使用指南说明书
Ionization SolutionsW W W .S I M C O -I O N .C OMModulated Pulse AeroBar ®MODEL 5635MSimco-Ion’s Model 5635M AeroBar MP ionizing bar is specifically designed to eliminate static charge in semiconductor and other ultra-clean manufacturing processes where fast discharge time, low swing voltages and precision balance are required, but exposed metallic surfaces are not permitted. The Model 5635M utilizes MP technology, combining a high-frequency sine wave with modulated pulses (MP) for high ion output and delivery. This breakthrough technology enables AeroBar mounting within 150 mm of the wafer. MP technology, combined with ultra-clean silicon emitter points and precision adjustment, provides ISO 14644-12 ionization (0.01 m m particles or nanoparticles) and ISO 14644 Class 1 (0.1 m m particles) cleanliness, critical for smaller technology nodes. For processes that do not require extreme cleanliness, the optional air-assist accelerates ion delivery, providing faster discharge times and performance over longer distances. MP technology is easy to adjust and features the ability to fine-tune voltage, frequency and balance to meet differing environmental and product sensitivity requirements. Shorter bars (<600 mm) feature 50 mm spacing between nozzles, to improve ion distribution in close applications.FeaturesBenefits• ISO 14644-12 (0.01 m m particles) cleanliness • Compatible with all wafer technology nodes including 14 nm and below• Modulated pulse technology • Precision balance, high ion output with long-term stability• Metal-free design “M”• Perfect for “No Metal” applications • Excellent lateral uniformity • Uniform balance across the AeroBar• Low field voltages • Safe placement as close as 150 mm of the wafer or reticle• Air-assist capability• Enhanced static charge neutralization at fast automation speeds• Optional software with easy-to-use interface with wide adjustability • Fast setup and easy optimization in any environment • Alarm output signal• Communicate to tool or facility monitoring systemSpecificationsw o r l d w i d e l e a d e r s i n s t a t i c c o n t r o lSimco-IonTechnology Group1601 Harbor Bay Pkwy, Ste 150 Alameda, CA 94502Tel: +1 (800) 367-2452 (in USA) Tel: +1 (510) 217-0600******************CleanlinessModel 5635M is designed to operate in and maintain ISO 14644-1 Class 1 cleanliness (10 particles or less per m 3 for particles of 0.1 micron and larger). Model 5635M will also perform to ISO 14644-12 cleanliness (1200 particles or less per m 3 (34 particles per ft 3) forparticles of 0.01 micron and larger) when operated at 45-50% output voltage setting and OpenJet nozzles with single crystal silicon emitters.ISO Class 1 for 0.1 and 0.01 Micron ParticlesISO 14644-1 (1999) establishes 9 particulate class limits. A class is met when airborne particles-per-cubic-meter (or particles-per-cubic-foot) do not exceed the class limit. The following graph summarizes theclass limit lines for particles between 0.1 micron and 5 microns.Chart from ISO 14644-1: Annex A - Informative.Power Distribution Box (optional)The Model 5601 Power Distribution Box can be used to centralize power and software control for up to 8 MP AeroBars.DS-5635M_V4 - 6/15 © 2015 Simco-Ion All rights reserved.*The 350, 450 and 600 mm are only available with 50 mm nozzle spacing.Ordering Information850/1000/1150/1300/1450/1600/1750/1900/2050/2200/2350L mm)Model 5601 Power Distribution Box 24 VDC for each bank of 4 bars; 5.6A total (0.7A max/port)Ethernet (RJ-45) to/from PC; individual bar standby inputs Simple InstallationThe Model 5635M ionizing bar is quickly installed by simply plugging into a 24 VDC source and connecting an air line, (if air-assist isdesired). Set the DIP switches for general power levels as defined in the user’s manual to activate factory settings for a base discharge performance. Users can then fine-tune the control parameters from the bar or through the easy to use software GUI for installations where optimized balance, swing voltage and discharge times are desired. An alarm connection in the Signal and Power Junction Box enables a signal output to the tool or central computer for FMS monitoring.。
爱森 Moeller 系列 PKZM0 电机保护断路器 产品说明说明书
Eaton 039427Eaton Moeller® series PKZM0 Motor-protective circuit-breaker, 3p+1N/O+1N/C, Ir=1.6-2.5A, screw connectionGeneral specificationsEaton Moeller® series PKZM0 Motor-protective circuit-breaker039427401508039427376 mm 93 mm 54 mm 0.326 kgIEC/EN 60947-4-1 VDE 0660CSA-C22.2 No. 60947-4-1-14 UL CE CSAUL Category Control No.: NLRV CSA Class No.: 3211-05 UL 60947-4-1 UL File No.: E36332 IEC/EN 60947 CSA File No.: 165628 UL CSAProduct NameCatalog Number EANProduct Length/Depth Product Height Product Width Product Weight CertificationsTurn buttonPhase-failure sensitivity (according to IEC/EN 60947-4-1, VDE 0660 Part 102)Auxiliary switchMotor protectionPhase failure sensitiveThree-pole ATEX dust-ex-protection, PTB 10, ATEX 3013, Ex II(2) GD100,000 operations100,000 OperationsCan be snapped on to IEC/EN 60715 top-hat rail with 7.5 or15 mm height.40 Operations/hIII3Motor protective circuit breakerFinger and back-of-hand proof, Protection against direct contact when actuated from front (EN 50274)6000 V AC25 g, Mechanical, according to IEC/EN 60068-2-27, Half-sinusoidal shock 10 msBranch circuit: Manual type E if used with terminal, or suitable for group installations, (UL/CSA)Also motors with efficiency class IE3≤ 0.25 %/K, residual error for T > 40°-5 - 40 °C to IEC/EN 60947, VDE 0660-25 - 55 °C, Operating rangeActuator type FeaturesFitted with: Functions Number of poles Explosion safety category for dust Lifespan, electricalLifespan, mechanicalMounting positionOperating frequencyOvervoltage categoryPollution degreeProduct categoryProtectionRated impulse withstand voltage (Uimp) Shock resistanceSuitable forTemperature compensationAltitude Terminal capacity (flexible with ferrule)Max. 2000 m-25 °C55 °C25 °C40 °C40 °C80 °CDamp heat, cyclic, to IEC 60068-2-30 Damp heat, constant, to IEC 60068-2-781 x (0.75 - 1.5) mm²2 x (0.75 - 1.5) mm²1 x (0.75 - 2.5) mm², Control circuit cables2 x (0.75 - 2.5) mm², Control circuit cables18 - 1018 - 1410 mm1 Nm, Screw terminals, Control circuit cables 1.7 Nm, Screw terminals, Main cable50 Hz60 Hz2.5 A0.37 kW0.75 kW690 V690 V2.5 A60 kA DC, up to 250 V DC, Main conducting paths 65 kA, 480 Y/277 V, SCCR (UL/CSA) 0.5 HP 0.17 HPAmbient operating temperature - minAmbient operating temperature - maxAmbient operating temperature (enclosed) - min Ambient operating temperature (enclosed) - max Ambient storage temperature - minAmbient storage temperature - maxClimatic proofing Terminal capacity (solid)Terminal capacity (solid/stranded AWG)Stripping length (main cable)Tightening torqueRated frequency - minRated frequency - maxRated operational current (Ie)Rated operational power at AC-3, 220/230 V, 50 Hz Rated operational power at AC-3, 380/400 V, 50 Hz Rated operational voltage (Ue) - minRated operational voltage (Ue) - maxRated uninterrupted current (Iu)Short-circuit currentShort-circuit current rating (type E)Assigned motor power at 200/208 V, 60 Hz, 3-phase Assigned motor power at 230/240 V, 60 Hz, 1-phaseAccessories required BK25/3-PKZ0-E65 kA, 240 V, SCCR (UL/CSA)50 kA, 600 Y/347 V, SCCR (UL/CSA)± 20% tolerance, Trip blocks38.8 A, Irm, Setting range max.Basic device fixed 15.5 x Iu, Trip Blocks 0.5 HP1 HP 1.5 HPScrew terminals 1.6 A2.5 AOverload trigger: tripping class 10 A5.16 W0 W1.72 W2.5 A0 WMeets the product standard's requirements. Meets the product standard's requirements. Meets the product standard's requirements. Meets the product standard's requirements.Motor Starters in System xStart - brochureSave time and space thanks to the new link module PKZM0-XDM32MEProduct Range Catalog Switching and protecting motorsSwitching and protecting motors - catalogeaton-manual-motor-starters-characteristic-characteristic-curve-008.eps eaton-manual-motor-starters-characteristic-characteristic-curve-009.eps eaton-manual-motor-starters-characteristic-characteristic-curve-010.epsDA-DC-00004921.pdfDA-DC-00004892.pdfeaton-manual-motor-starters-pkz-dimensions-003.epseaton-manual-motor-starters-pkz-dimensions.epseaton-manual-motor-starters-pkz-dimensions-002.epseaton-manual-motor-starters-pkzm0-3d-drawing-008.epseaton-manual-motor-starters-mounting-3d-drawing-002.epseaton-general-ie-ready-dilm-contactor-standards.epsShort-circuit release Assigned motor power at 230/240 V, 60 Hz, 3-phase Assigned motor power at 460/480 V, 60 Hz, 3-phase Assigned motor power at 575/600 V, 60 Hz, 3-phaseConnection Overload release current setting - minOverload release current setting - maxTripping characteristicEquipment heat dissipation, current-dependent PvidHeat dissipation capacity PdissHeat dissipation per pole, current-dependent PvidRated operational current for specified heat dissipation (In) Static heat dissipation, non-current-dependent Pvs10.2.2 Corrosion resistance10.2.3.1 Verification of thermal stability of enclosures10.2.3.2 Verification of resistance of insulating materials to normal heat10.2.3.3 Resist. of insul. mat. to abnormal heat/fire by internal elect. effects BrochuresCatalogues Characteristic curve Declarations of conformity DrawingsMeets the product standard's requirements.Does not apply, since the entire switchgear needs to be evaluated.Does not apply, since the entire switchgear needs to be evaluated.Meets the product standard's requirements.Does not apply, since the entire switchgear needs to be evaluated.Meets the product standard's requirements.Does not apply, since the entire switchgear needs to be evaluated.Does not apply, since the entire switchgear needs to be evaluated.Is the panel builder's responsibility.Is the panel builder's responsibility.Is the panel builder's responsibility.Is the panel builder's responsibility.Is the panel builder's responsibility.The panel builder is responsible for the temperature rise calculation. Eaton will provide heat dissipation data for the devices.Is the panel builder's responsibility. The specifications for the switchgear must be observed.eaton-manual-motor-starters-circuit-breaker-pkzm0-3d-drawing.epsDA-CE-ETN.PKZM0-2,5_NHI11IL03407011ZIL03402034ZWIN-WIN with push-in technologyeaton-motor-protective-circuit-breaker-pkzm0-overload-monitoring-exe-manual-mn03402003z-de-de-en-us.pdfIL122023ZUDA-CS-pkzm0_nhi11DA-CD-pkzm0_nhi1110.2.4 Resistance to ultra-violet (UV) radiation10.2.5 Lifting10.2.6 Mechanical impact10.2.7 Inscriptions10.3 Degree of protection of assemblies10.4 Clearances and creepage distances10.5 Protection against electric shock10.6 Incorporation of switching devices and components 10.7 Internal electrical circuits and connections10.8 Connections for external conductors10.9.2 Power-frequency electric strength10.9.3 Impulse withstand voltage10.9.4 Testing of enclosures made of insulating material 10.10 Temperature rise10.11 Short-circuit rating10.12 Electromagnetic compatibility eCAD model Installation instructions Installation videos Manuals and user guides mCAD modelEaton Corporation plc Eaton House30 Pembroke Road Dublin 4, Ireland © 2023 Eaton. All rights reserved. Eaton is a registered trademark.All other trademarks areproperty of their respectiveowners./socialmediaIs the panel builder's responsibility. The specifications for the switchgear must be observed.The device meets the requirements, provided the information in the instruction leaflet (IL) is observed.10.13 Mechanical function。
德国安博 Amprobe 电气检测仪 PRM-6 相序和电机旋转测试仪 - 使用说明书
PRM-6多功能相序仪用户手册PRM-6多功能相序仪用户手册10/2018, 6011677 B©2018 Amprobe保留所有权利。
PRM-6多功能相序仪目录PRM-6多功能相序仪 (2)符号 (3)安全信息 (3)开箱检查 (4)使用多功能相序仪 (5)确定旋转磁场方向 (5)非接触电机旋转检测 (6)不带电电机旋转测试 (6)背光照明 (7)技术指标 (7)维护 (8)清洁 (9)电池更换及处理 (9)1 输入端子：L1 (A)、L2 (B)、L3 (C)2 非接触电机方向符号和传感器指示3 指示符号：L1、L2、L34 逆时针旋转符号5 顺时针旋转符号6 故障输入电压警告符号7 功能激活符号：非接触旋转磁场指示和确定电机连接8 开机按钮/背光照明9 测试线 (黑、红、黄)10 探针保护帽 (黑、红、黄)11 测试探头 (黑、红、黄)12 鳄鱼夹 (黑、红、黄)PRM-6 多功能相序仪61557-7L3/C安全信息本仪表符合：IEC/EN 61557-1/-7IEC/EN 61010-1第3版、UL61010-1第3版和CAN/CSA C22.2 No. 61010-1-12，CAT IV 600 V，污染等级2IEC/EN 61010-2-030IEC/EN 61010-2-31，测试线EMC IEC/EN 61326-1CENELEC指令本仪器符合CENELEC低压指令2014/35/EU和电磁兼容指令2014/35/EU。
W警告为防止可能的电击、火灾或人身伤害，请务必：• 请仔细阅读所有说明。
使用或维修测试仪之前，仔细阅读安全须知。
• 遵守地方和国家安全规程。
佩戴个人防护装备(防护用橡胶手套、面罩和阻燃服)，暴露于危险带电导体时防止电击和电弧爆炸伤害。
• 产品仅用于指定用途，否则可能减弱产品提供的防护。
• 切勿单独一人工作。
• 注意机械危险以及旋转部件的危险。
遵守地方和国家安全规程。
M-System Mini-Top电子线性活动器（线性类型）模型MSP4 MSP5 MSP6说明书
BEFORE USE ....Thank you for choosing M-System. Before use, please check contents of the package you received as outlined below .I f you have any problems or questions with the product, please contact M-System’s Sales Office or representatives. ■PACKAGE INCLUDES:Mini-Top actuator unit........................................................(1)2.5 mm Hexagon key wrench .............................................(1) (For models with manual operation function; option /S)The Mini-Top is not provided with a yoke or other compo-nents required for mounting the unit to a valve. They are to be provided by the user.■MODEL NO.Confirm Model No. marking on the product to be exactly what you ordered.POINTS OF CAUTION■CONFORMITY WITH EU DIRECTIVES AND UK LEGISLATION • This equipment is suitable for Pollution Degree 2 and Measurement Category II (Full-open/-closed signal, tran-sient voltage 1500V). Reinforced insulation (Full-open/-closed signal to other, power or metallic housing: 125V) is maintained. Prior to installation, check that the insula-tion class of this unit satisfies the system requirements.• Refer to M-System’s website for more information about the legislations and designated standards of UKCA.• Altitude up to 2000 meters.• The equipment must be installed such that appropriate clearance and creepage distances are maintained to con-form to CE and UKCA requirements. Failure to observe these requirements may invalidate the CE and UKCA conformance.• Install lightning surge protectors for those wires connect-ed to remote location. Refer to “LI GHTNI NG SURGE PROTECTION” section below .■POWER INPUT RATING & OPERATIONAL RANGE• Locate the power input rating marked on the product and confirm its operational range as indicated below:100 – 120V AC rating: 90 – 132V, 47 – 66 Hz, approx. 25VA 200 – 240V AC rating: 180 – 264V, 47 – 66 Hz, approx. 25VA 24V AC rating: 24V AC±10%, 47 – 66 Hz, approx. 25VA (MSP6)24V DC: 24V rating ±10%, approx. 0.6A• Built-in power fuse: 250V/1A rating; time delay .• A rush current 1.5 times as high as the above ratings can flow at startup.■GENERAL PRECAUTIONS• Remove the power supply to the actuator before wiring.■INSTALLATION• Indoor, or outdoor where the MSP is NOT exposed to di-rect sunlight • Ambient temperature: -5 to +55°C (23 to 131°F)• Operating humidity 30 to 85% RH (non-condensing)• Vibration: 2 G (19.6 m/s 2) max.• Install the MSP where it can be reached for maintenance and inspection. Be sure to allow at least 15 cm (6 inches)clearance above the cover.■OUTDOOR USE• When installing the MSP outdoor or where it is exposed to rain or water drops, be sure to fasten the cable connec-tor tightly and give some slack to the cable.• Do not mount the MSP in such a direction that the output stem or cable connector faces upward.■nal lines are not isolated. Use an isolator, if needed.• When wiring the unit using a cable longer than the standard 1-meter cable equipped to the non-terminal box model, use shielded cables for signal line, or install signal cables in a separate duct/pipe from power supply cables. ■LIGHTNING SURGE PROTECTION• In order to protect the unit from lightning surges enter-ing through cables, use of appropriate lightning surge protectors are recommended. For 24V DC power supply line, choose a surge protector with its maximum surge voltage 40V or less between lines.Recommended M-System model: MDP-D24. ■PID CONTROLLER• Choose PID parameters carefully so that the MV remains as stable as possible. Unstable control shortens the life of actuator and valve. ■O-RING, PACKING• When replacing the actuator cover after adjustments,check that the O-ring is securely placed in the groove.• When replacing the terminal box cover, check that the packing is properly applied.056 222 38 18SEN TRONIC AG■YOKE DESIGN• When a foreign object is caught in the valve, a thrust 4 times greater than the maximum rating could be gener-ated. Leave enough strength for mechanical components such as the yoke and the valve stem.• If the MSP is used in an application such as temperature control of a steam line, the temperature can rise higher than the ambient temperature due to heat conducted or radiated from the piping even when the ambient temper-ature is within an allowable range.U se a longer yoke to increase heat dissipation and apply insulating material.■AND ....• DO NOT loosen the screw fixing the potentiometer lever. Loosening it could cause a malfunction.• DO NOT step onto the actuator.• DO NOT allow a heavy object to rest on or against the actuator.PROTECTIVE FUNCTIONS■OVERLOAD (LOCK) PROTECTIONThe MSP is equipped with a protection circuit against over-load caused by, for example, valve catching an alien sub-stance.When an overload is detected, the MSP stops supplying power to the motor and the status LED blinks at 0.5 sec. intervals.The protection can be reset by applying an input signal to move the output stem in the opposite direction, or turning power off and restarting.If the overload (lock) protection is activated too often, check for the presence of foreign matter in the valve, inappropri-ate adjustments, excessive tightening of the valve gland, or other possible causes of the overload.Be sure to remove the cause of overload in order to avoid shortening the life of the product.■FUSEA fuse is equipped for protection against overload current. Ensure that the power LED turns on as the power supply is turned on. If the power LED remains off, check to see if the fuse is melted. Replace the melted fuse with a new one.I f the new fuse is melted again soon after replacement, there may be problems with the control PCB or the motor. Consult M-System or sales representative.■RESTARTING TIMERThe MSP is equipped with a timer circuit for setting a time interval (0 – 10 sec.) between stop-restart actions to prevent the motor and other internal components from overheating. It is recommended to set the restarting timer longer when the ambient temperature and/or the temperature of flow material is high.The restarting timer is factory-set to 1.5 sec.COMPONENT IDENTIFICATIONFigure 1. MSP4 & MSP5 Component Identification Note: Construction of the MSP4 is partly different from theabove figure.Figure 2-2. Long-life Potentiometer (MSP6)Figure 2-1. MSP6 Component IdentificationZERO SPAN DZ DLY SW1PWR INP ALM: Zero Adjustment : Span Adjustment: Deadband Adjustment : Restarting Timer: Direct/Reverse Actions,Operation at Abnormally Low Input: Power Indicator (Green LED is ON while power is supplied): Input Indicator (Green LED is ON while normal signal is input): Status Indicator(Red LED blinks at intervals of: 2 sec. in normal operation; and 0.5 sec. when an overload (lock) is detected)Figure 3. MSP Control PCB IdentificationNote: DO NOT manipulate the adjusters with a torque exceeding theirtolerance,or it may destroy their stoppers.Turn them carefully and stop where they hit the stoppers.Pay extra attention when manipulating the Restarting timer adjuster.OUTPUT STEM POSITION ADJUSTABILITYThe control PCB compares and amplifies input signal (set-point) and position feedback signal from the potentiometer, and drives the motor to such a direction that the difference of the two signals is minimized.255075100INPUT SIGNAL (%)S T E M P O S I T I O N (%)Figure 4. I/O Characteristics (Adjustable Range)<Reference position>Figure 5. Minimum & Maximum StrokeTable 1. Available Stroke Range for Each ModelMODEL L MIN. STROKE MAX. STROKE MSP4-129 510MSP4-234 815MSP5-140 510MSP5-3501020MSP6-3581020MSP6-4782040MANUAL OPERATION FUNCTION(for MSP4 & MSP5)1) Be sure to turn OFF the power voltage.Operation with power voltage being applied may result in electrical shock or system breakdown. 2) Remove the screw cap on the top surface of the cover us-ing a 22- mm wrench, etc.3) Insert the attached hexagon key wrench in the manual drive shaft as shown in the figure below .4) The wrench turning direction and the stem operation direction when seen from above differ according to the model as shown in the table below. MODEL NO. OF TURNS/OPERATION DISTANCE [turns/mm]TURNING DIRECTION / OPERATION DIRECTION MSP4-x3MSP5-x327 / mm CCW/ GO DOWN MSP4-x4MSP5-x4 54 / mm CCW / GO UP MSP4-x7MSP5-x7112 / mmCCW/ GO DOWN5) T ighten the cap on the cover with a torque of 4 to 6 N·m. Tightening with an excessive torque may damage the screw thread of the cap.Figure 6. Manual Drive ShaftINSTALLATIONThe following is an example of procedure for mounting the MSP unit to a bi-directional valve.The valve and components such as yoke necessary for the installation are to be provided by the customer. Be sure to remove power supply except when needed.1) Supply power voltage to the MSP and apply 0% (100% for direct action) input signal to move the output stem to its fully extended position.2) Set the valve stem at its lowest position.3) Attach the yoke to the MSP .4) Screw the valve stem into the output stem un-til there is little opening between them. For applying a sealing pressure, refer to Table 4 and screw it until the opening equals the contraction (e.g. 0.5 mm for MSP4-x3) that corresponds to the sealing pres-sure.5) Fix the both stems with a lock nut.6) Supply power voltage to the MSP and apply ap-prox. 50% input signal, and ensure that the gap be-tween the yoke and the valve bonnet has been closed. Fix the yoke and the valve.7) Connect the position indicator and other components as needed.Note: When mounting an MSP6 unit (24V AC model) usingM-Systems’s yoke set (model:YSS, for Japan sales only), refer to Instruction Manual (NM-4893) of theyoke set for the installation procedure.Figure 7. Example of the MSP Mounted to a ValveWIRING CONNECTIONRefer to the following diagram when wiring.If an optional terminal box is provided, remove its cover and connect leadwires.black (1)+(U)–(V)+COM1white (2)red (3)green (4)yellow (5)blue (6)gray (7)brown (8)+• (1) to (8): Terminal No. of terminal box.• NOTE■ With Both Full-open/closed Signal and Forced Open/Close SignalFORCEDOPEN/CLOSESIGNAL Figure 8. Wiring DiagramNote 1: T he yellow wire must be left unconnected if the position output signal is not required.Cut the exposed section of copper wire and insulate the tip of the wire.Note 2: The MSP6 is not provided with full-open/-closed signals. ■ WIRING INSTRUCTIONS FOR TERMINAL BOX OPTION• Other Terminal Box Type• Sequential Control Signal Suffix Code B Applicable wire size 1.25 mm 2 Remove insulation by 10 mm.ADJUSTMENT PROCEDURERemove the cover.Manipulate ZERO, SPAN, DZ (deadband), and DLY (Re-starting timer) adjusters and the direct/reverse SW on the control PCB shown in Figure 3.Other adjusters which are paint-sealed are for factory use only and should be changed only by qualified M-System per-sonnel. Otherwise it could cause breakdown. M-System is not liable for any malfunction or inconvenience caused by unauthorized changes made by the user.■DIRECT/REVERSE ACTION AND OPERATION AT AB-NORMALL Y LOW INPUTThe actuator action is factory set to “Reverse” (i.e. the out-put stem goes up as the input signal increases.), and the operation at abnormality to “Go down.”For changing the setting, use the DI P SW on the control PCB referring to Tables 2 and 3.Table 2. Switching ActionsACTION SW1-3EXPLANATIONSDirect ON Output stem goes up as the inputsignal decreases.(Valve stem extended)Reverse OFF Output stem goes down as theinput signal decreases.(Valve stem retracted)Table 3. Operations at Abnormally Low InputOPERATION SW1-1SW1-2Stop– *1ON Go down/Extend OFF OFFGo up/Retract ON OFF*1. The setting of SW1-1 is disregarded in Stop mode.Note 1: SW1-4 is not used.Note 2: I n ‘Direct’ action, the position output is 5 – 1V DC proportional to the input 0 – 100%.■ORDER OF ADJUSTMENTSAfter installation, perform adjustments in the order of: zero; span; seal-spring; and sensitivity (deadband). Lastly, adjust the limit switches for optional full-open and full-closed signals.The following explanation applies to ‘Reverse’ action. For ‘Direct’ action, read the values in the brackets [ ]. Note: A pplying an over-torque to the adjusters may dam-age the threads or destroy stoppers. Use a small-sizedscrewdriver and be sure to stop turning as soon as theyhit the stoppers.■ADJUSTMENT PROCEDUREA) Zero and Span• Supply power voltage to the MSP and apply 0% [100%] input. Turn Zero adjuster to adjust the lower-end or fully-extended position of the output stem (valve stem retracted) to a desired position. Alternatively, adjust the connecting section of the stems. For applying a sealing pressure, refer to Table 4 and screw it until the opening equals the contraction that cor-responds to the sealing pressure.• While applying 100% [0%] input, turn the Span adjuster until the output stem reaches a desired upper-end or ful-ly-retracted position (valve stem extended).F or three-way valves, the sealing pressure can be applied also in the direction in which the output stem goes up*2. Refer to the procedure for Zero adjustment.• While applying 0% [100%] input again, check that the output stem reaches the fully-extended position. If the position is shifted, go through the above procedure again.Note 1: T he MSP is designed so as to minimize an influence of Span adjustment on the Zero position.That is, the lower-end position of the output stem ishardly displaced when Span adjuster is manipulated. Note 2: N arrower stroke is more likely to cause huntingi.e. the motor frequently changes rotation direction.Adjust Deadband in such a case.*2. M SP4 is not provided with a sealing spring for the direc-tion in which the output stem goes up.Figure 9. Seal-SpringTable 4. Spring ContractionMODELSPRINGCONTRACTION(mm)SEALINGPRESSURE(N / lbs)SET LOAD *(N / lbs) MSP4-x30.5 147 / 33 98 / 22MSP4-x4 1.0 300 / 67 250 / 56MSP4-x7 1.0 686 / 154 294 / 66MSP5-x30.5 150 / 34 110 / 25MSP5-x4 1.0 294 / 66 216 / 49MSP5-x7 1.0 686 / 154 294 / 66MSP6-x3 1.0 588 / 132 441 / 99MSP6-x4 1.01170 / 263 882 / 198MSP6-x6 1.52350 / 5291170 / 263* T he pre-set load for applying a minimum pressure to seal the valve when the valve sits on the seat.Note: T he output stem is provided with a scale in millimeters.In case of MSP4-x7, for example, the sealing pressurereaches approx. 490 N at 0.5 mm and 686 N at 1 mm.B) Sensitivity (Deadband)There may be a case where the motor operates in re-sponse to an input signal change but does not stop and oscillates by frequently changing the rotation direction. Widen the deadband by turning DZ adjuster clockwise in such a case.The deadband is factory-set to 1.5 %.C) L imit Switches(for optional full-open and full-closed signals) *Loosen the screws and adjust positions of the dogs. Each dog cannot be set at an intermediate position. Be sure to set the dog at the fully-open or closed-position. See Figure 9.Note: Not available when the long-life potentiometer option(/P) is selected.Figure 10. Limit Switches MAINTENANCEFor effective use and longer life of the MSP, regular checking appropriate for its operating conditions are recommended. Refer to the following table.■INSPECTIONFor repair or parts replacement, contact M-System or representatives.■LUBRICATIONThere is no need of oiling the MSP in normal operating conditions.■REGULAR TEST RUNNINGIf the valve is not frequently operated, run a test operation regularly (once a week, for example) to ensure that the actuator operates properly.TROUBLESHOOTINGFor repair or parts replacement, consult M-System or representatives. LIGHTNING SURGE PROTECTIONM-System offers a series of lightning surge protec-tors for protection against induced lightning surges.Please consult M-System for appropriate models.。
用D2EHPA, PC88A和Cyanex 272的钠盐从硫酸盐溶液中分离二价的Zn(II)和Mn(II)
2.1 实验过程
• 为了平衡金属溶液，加入等体积的Na盐的 萃取剂，五分钟后在分液漏斗中，调整pH 值到预定值。分析分离的水相用Perkin Elmer Model 3100 原子吸收分光光度计。 有机相中的金属浓度不同。当需要的时候 ，有机相分析，过滤以后通过1PS相分离试 纸。反萃取用2M HCl用AAS分析。所有的 萃取和反萃取的使用都在30±1℃进行。 保 持O/A比在1:5到5:1之内。总体积恒定。
4 结论
• 使用在煤油中的D2EHPA, PC88A和Cyanex 272的钠盐 从0.01M的二价Zn和Mn的硫酸盐溶液中萃取和分离出 来。Zn和Mn的萃取等温线随着平衡pH的变化和不足或 充足的试剂变化。对NaD2EHPA来说，Zn和Mn的分离 系数减少随着萃取剂浓度的增加。分离系数在用0.05M 的NaPC88A时为最佳。尽管从Mn中分离Zn对以上所有 的萃取剂是完全可行的，但是0.05M PC88A有最高的分 离系数。从Zn-Mn溶液中萃取Zn被证明用0.05M NaPC88A两级萃取，相比为1:1时，反萃Zn的负载有机 相用0.03M的硫酸分两级反萃相比也为1:1时，效果最好 。从无Zn溶液中萃取Mn用同样的方法，用0.05M NaPC88A，反萃用0.02M的硫酸.
3.2 Zn和Mn的分离系数
• 对于一个萃取剂，Zn从Mn中分离的分离系数是他们分配值的一 个比例。在NaD2EHPA（0.03M）不足的情况下，Zn从Mn中分 离的分离系数从227减小到37，pH从3.0-3.9。在过量的 NaD2EHPA（0.05和0.06M）情况下，pH3.25-3.6，分离系数 从69增加到99。pH3.25-3.95，分离系数从90增加到142。最高 值是8300 —用0.05M PC88A在pH为3.8时得到的。 • 在NaCyanex 272（0.03M）不足的情况下，分离系数从540-88 ，pH从3.85-4.25，但是在NaCyanex 272（0.05M）过量的情 况下，分离系数从544-4600， pH从,4.15-4.85。在NaCyanex 272（0.06M）时，分离系数比pH为4.95时低很多，从226增加 到2940，pH增加到5.45。因此，NaPC88A 和NaCyanex 272 分离系数对试剂的浓度变化和pH值很敏感。排序： 0.05m>0.06M>0.03M。图4,说明0.05M试剂的pH值对分离系数 的影响。
仕様一覧(GB)-06版
电动注塑机FANUC ROBOSHOT@-S15+A / @-S30+A @-S50+A /@-S100+A / @-S150+A规格一览表•规格表、主要设置条件•外形尺寸图•标准装配、选配项目（机械部分、控制部分和软件、螺杆和料筒）•平面布置图、详细设置条件•ROBOSHOT-LINK+RSHOT α-S i A(C)-062013.12< ROBOSHOT @-S15+A机构部规格单位内容---双曲肘kN 150 (15tonf) mm 260 - 130mm 160mm φ60mm 260 × 235mm 355 × 340注1)mm 150 × 135mm 50kN 7 (0.7tonf)mm 141618mm 565675cm 391119最大射出压力注2)MPa 250250230最大保压压力注2)MPa 250230190最大射出率注3)cm 3/s 80105133最大射出速度注3)mm/s 525螺杆最高转速min -1450最大射出压力注2)MPa 250250230最大保压压力注2)MPa 250230190最大射出率注3)cm 3/s 123160203最大射出速度注3)mm/s 800螺杆最高转速min -1450kN 5 (0.5tonf)料筒3喷嘴1加热器功率kW 2.4 2.83.1射出速度800mm/s规格 约 1.5注1)当模具尺寸小于此尺寸时，锁模力可能受到限制。
注2)最大射出压力、最大保压压力是射出装置的输出值，并不是树脂的压力。
最大射出压力、最大保压压力是可能设定的最大值。
根据成型条件不同，最大射出压力、最大保压压力可能受到限制。
注3)最大射出率、最大射出速度的数值是计算值。
最大射出率、最大射出速度的数值，并不是最大射出压力发生时的保证值。
注4)此数值是未安装选配项目时的数值。
注5)上表中数值，均按照1MPa=10kgf/cm2进行换算。
VIAVI Solutions CellAdvisor 5G平台用户指南说明书
VIAVI SolutionsFeaturesy Auto file naming that eliminates manual inputs in file name y Trace overlay that detects signal degradation over time y Dual display and multiple tabs that allow fast and efficient measurements y Intuitive pass/fail analysis that instantly notifies a problem y Integrated RF CW sourcey EZ-Cal™ that calibrates faster and easier y CAA Check and Job Manager that enable test process automation and consolidated reportsMeasurementsy Reflection – Return Loss and VSWRy Distance to Fault – Return Loss, VSWR, and Delayy 1-Port Cable Loss y 1-Port Phase y Smith Chart y 2-Port Transmission y RF Source y CAA CheckMost problems in mobile networks occur in cell-site infrastructure, consisting of antennas, cables, amplifiers, filters, connectors, combiners, jumpers, etc. VIAVI CAA06M CAA Modules’ optimal functionality , combined with the testing features of the CellAdvisor 5G platform, ensures that cell-site technicians complete comprehensive cell sites installation verification and maintenance in a super professional way.The CAA Modules make it easy and effective to characterize and verify feed line systems and verify antenna or sector-to-sector isolation.CA5000 CellAdvisor 5GCAA06M 6 GHz CAA ModuleData SheetVIAVICable and Antenna Analyzer ModulesCAA06M 6 GHz Modules for CellAdvisor 5G and OneAdvisor 800VIAVI CAA06M CAA Modules are the industry’s first compact-sized modular cable and antenna analyzers that enable fast, reliable, and effective characterization and verification of cell site installation.OneAdvisor 800SpecificationsSpecifications in this document are applicable to CAA06M CAA modules under the following conditions, unless otherwise stated: y With warm-up time of 10 minutes.y When a measurement is performed after calibrating to OSL standards.y When a CAA06M module is within its valid calibration period. y Data without tolerance considered to be typical values.y A typical value is defined as expected performance under operating temperature of 20 to 30°C for 15 minutes sustainment whereas a nominal value as general, descriptive term or parameters.Technical DataCAA06M on OneAdvisor 800MeasurementsOrdering InformationCAA Modules and DMCCAA06MA CAA06M 6 GHz cable and antenna analyzer module- Requires CA5000-DMC for CA5000 CellAdvisor 5G users- Auto detectable by main instrument when mounted to dual module carrierCAA06MB CAA06M 6 GHz cable and antenna analyzer module with bias power and external bias-tee- Required CA5000-DMC for CA5000 CellAdvisor 5G users- Includes G700050653 external bias-tee device and cable- Auto detectable by main instrument when mounted to dual module carrierCA5000-DMC Dual Module Carrier with Dummy Module for CellAdvisor 5G- Includes C10-DMC and C2K-EMPTYMODCAA module calibration report CAA06M-CRCAA module calibration report per ISO 17025 CAA06M-CRISOCalibration AccessoriesJD78050507 Dual port Type-N 6 GHz calibration kit- Includes JD78050509 Y-calibration kit (1), G700050530 RF Cable (2),and G700050575 RF Adapter (2)JD78050508 Dual port DIN 6 GHz calibration kit- Includes JD78050510 Y-calibration kit (1), G710050536 RF Cable (2),and G700050572 RF Adapter (2)JD78050509 Y-Calibration kit, Type-N(m), DC to 6 GHz, 50 Ω- Included in JD78050507Y-Calibration kit, DIN(m), DC to 6 GHz, 50 ΩJD78050510 - Included in JD78050508EZ-Cal kit, Type-N(m), DC to 6 GHz, 50 ΩJD70050509 RF CablesG700050530 RF cable DC to 8 GHz Type-N(m) to Type-N(m), 1.0 m- Included in JD78050507RF cable DC to 8 GHz Type-N(m) to Type-N(f), 1.5 m G700050531 RF cable DC to 8 GHz Type-N(m) to Type-N(f), 3.0 m G700050532G710050536 RF cable DC to 6 GHz Type-N(m) to DIN(f), 1.5 m- Included in JD78050508Phase-stable RF cable w grip DC to 6 GHz Type-N(m) to Type-N(f), 1.5 m G700050540 Phase-stable RF cable w grip DC to 6 GHz Type-N(m) to DIN(f), 1.5 m G700050541 RF AdaptersAdapter Type-N(m) to DIN(f), DC to 7.5 GHz, 50 ΩG700050571G700050572 Adapter DIN(m) to DIN(m), DC to 7.5 GHz, 50 Ω-Included in JD78050508Adapter Type-N(m) to SMA(f) DC to 18 GHz, 50 ΩG700050573 Adapter Type-N(m) to BNC(f), DC to 4 GHz, 50 ΩG700050574G700050575 Adapter Type-N(f) to Type-N(f), DC to 18 GHz 50 Ω- Included in JD78050507Adapter Type-N(m) to DIN(m), DC to 7.5 GHz, 50 ΩG700050576 Adapter Type-N(f) to DIN(f), DC to 7.5 GHz, 50 ΩG700050577 Adapter Type-N(f) to DIN(m), DC to 7.5 GHz, 50 ΩG700050578 Adapter DIN(f) to DIN(f), DC to 7.5 GHz, 50 ΩG700050579 Adapter Type-N(m) to Type-N(m), DC to 11 GHz 50 ΩG700050580 Adapter N(m) to QMA(f), DC to 6.0 GHz, 50 ΩG700050581 Adapter N(m) to QMA(m), DC to 6.0 GHz, 50 ΩG700050582 Adapter N(m) to 4.1/9.5 MINI DIN(f), DC to 6.0 GHz, 50 ΩG700050583 Adapter N(m) to 4.1/9.5 MINI DIN(m), DC to 6.0 GHz, 50 ΩG700050584© 2022 VIAVI Solutions Inc.Product specifications and descriptions in this document are subject to change without notice.Patented as described at /patentscaa-ca5g-ds-nsd-nse-ae 30190807 907 0322Contact Us+1 844 GO VIAVI (+1 844 468 4284)To reach the VIAVI office nearest you, visit /contactVIAVI Solutions。
Nexans-综合布线系统方案模板-Cat6U-详-含六类常用产品-光纤产品-较主流非屏蔽项目应用
综合布线系统解决方案某某项目二零XX年X月目录第一篇总体设计说明 (1)第一章工程概况 (2)第二章建设目标 (3)第三章建设原则 (4)3.1 实用性 (4)3.2 先进性 (4)3.3 开放性 (4)3.4 安全性和可靠性 (4)3.5 兼容性和扩展性 (4)3.6 专业性和规范性 (4)第四章设计依据 (5)4.1 国家设计、施工、验收标准 (5)4.2 行业设计、施工、验收标准 (6)4.3 国外设计、施工、验收标准 (6)第二篇系统设计方案 (7)第一章综合布线系统 (8)1.1 用户需求 (8)1.1.1 系统设计目标 (8)1.1.2 系统建设原则 (8)1.1.3 设计指导思想 (9)1.1.4 信息点分布说明 (9)1.1.5 产品选型 (10)1.2 法国耐克森Nexans介绍 (10)1.2.1耐克森业务及世界领先地位 (11)1.2.2耐克森Nexans综合布线系统综述 (12)1.2.2.1 积极引导综合布线国际标准 (12)1.2.2.2 卓越的产品性能 (13)1.2.2.3 全系列的布线系统生产商 (13)1.2.2.4 最全面的系统解决方案 (13)1.2.2.5 综合布线系统的产品特点 (13)1.2.2.6 六类布线系统简介 (14)1.2.2.7 光纤布线系统简介 (15)1.2.3 典型案例 (15)1.2.3.1 政府机构 (15)1.2.3.2 银行金融机构 (16)1.2.3.3 交通运输 (17)1.2.3.4 信息产业 (18)1.2.3.5 公司企业智能大厦 (18)1.2.3.6 教育及健康事业 (19)1.3 系统设计与构成 (19)1.3.1 系统规划及工程界面 (20)1.3.2 系统架构图 (20)1.3.3 系统结构图 (20)1.3.4 工作区子系统 (20)1.3.5 水平区子系统 (21)1.3.6 管理间子系统 (21)1.3.7 主干区子系统 (22)1.3.8 设备间子系统 (23)1.3.9 引入间子系统 (24)1.4 法国耐克森Nexans布线产品性能 (24)1.4.1 LANmark-6 六类系统优势特点 (26)1.4.2 LANmark-OF 光纤系统优势特点 (34)1.4.3 Voice Range 语音系统优势特点 (47)1.5 系统安装要求 (51)1.5.1 综合布线系统安装要求 (51)1.5.2 配线架附近的环境要求 (52)1.5.3 接地和防雷 (52)1.6 系统测试指标和方法 (54)1.6.1 六类水平双绞线的测试说明 (54)1.6.2 主干铜缆系统的测试说明 (58)1.6.3 FLUKE DSP-4000布线测试仪 (59)1.6.4 光纤系统的测试 (59)第一篇总体设计说明第一章工程概况智能建筑（Intelligent Building，缩写IB）是信息时代的必然产物，是计算机技术、通信技术、控制技术与建筑技术密切结合的结晶。
早古生代北阿尔金ＨＰ／ＬＴ混杂岩片——_一个“化石”俯冲隧道
２０２３／０３９（１２）：３５３３ ３５５４ＡｃｔａＰｅｔｒｏｌｏｇｉｃａＳｉｎｉｃａ 岩石学报ｄｏｉ：１０．１８６５４／１０００ ０５６９／２０２３．１２．０２毛小红，林宜慧，张建新．２０２３．早古生代北阿尔金ＨＰ／ＬＴ混杂岩片———一个“化石”俯冲隧道．岩石学报，３９（１２）：３５３３－３５５４，ｄｏｉ：１０．１８６５４／１０００－０５６９／２０２３．１２．０２早古生代北阿尔金ＨＰ／ＬＴ混杂岩片———一个“化石”俯冲隧道毛小红１ 林宜慧２ 张建新１ＭＡＯＸｉａｏＨｏｎｇ１，ＬＩＮＹｉＨｕｉ２ａｎｄＺＨＡＮＧＪｉａｎＸｉｎ１１ 自然资源部深地动力学重点实验室，中国地质科学院地质研究所，北京 １０００３７２ 韩山师范学院地理科学与旅游学院，广州 ５２１０４１１ ＫｅｙＬａｂｏｒａｔｏｒｙｏｆＤｅｅｐ ＥａｒｔｈＤｙｎａｍｉｃｓｏｆＭｉｎｉｓｔｒｙｏｆＮａｔｕｒａｌＲｅｓｏｕｒｃｅｓ，ＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＧｅｏｌｏｇｙ，ＣｈｉｎｅｓｅＡｃａｄｅｍｙｏｆＧｅｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌＳｃｉｅｎｃｅｓ，Ｂｅｉｊｉｎｇ１０００３７，Ｃｈｉｎａ２ ＤｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｏｆＧｅｏｇｒａｐｈｙ，ＨａｎｓｈａｎＮｏｒｍａｌＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙ，Ｇｕａｎｇｚｈｏｕ５２１０４１，Ｃｈｉｎａ２０２３ ０８ ０１收稿，２０２３ １０ ２０改回ＭａｏＸＨ，ＬｉｎＹＨａｎｄＺｈａｎｇＪＸ ２０２３ ＥａｒｌｙＰａｌｅｏｚｏｉｃＮｏｒｔｈＡｌｔｕｎＨＰ／ＬＴｍéｌａｎｇｅｓｌｉｃｅ：Ａｆｏｓｓｉｌｓｕｂｄｕｃｔｉｏｎｃｈａｎｎｅｌ．ＡｃｔａＰｅｔｒｏｌｏｇｉｃａＳｉｎｉｃａ，３９（１２）：３５３３－３５５４，ｄｏｉ：１０．１８６５４／１０００ ０５６９／２０２３．１２．０２Ａｂｓｔｒａｃｔ Ｈｉｇｈ ｐｒｅｓｓｕｒｅ／ｌｏｗｔｅｍｐｅｒａｔｕｒｅ（ＨＰ／ＬＴ）ｍｅｔａｍｏｒｐｈｉｃｒｏｃｋｓｉｎｔｈｅＮｏｒｔｈＡｌｔｕｎｏｃｃｕｒａｓａｔｅｃｔｏｎｉｃｓｌｉｃｅｉｎｓｕｂｄｕｃｔｉｏｎ ａｃｃｒｅｔｉｏｎｃｏｍｐｌｅｘ Ｉｔｉｓｍａｉｎｌｙｃｏｍｐｏｓｅｄｏｆｓｔｒｏｎｇｌｙｄｅｆｏｒｍｅｄｍｅｔａｍｏｒｐｈｉｃｓｅｄｉｍｅｎｔａｒｙｒｏｃｋｓ（ａｒｇｉｌｌａｃｅｏｕｓｓｃｈｉｓｔ，ｃａｌｃａｒｅｏｕｓｓｃｈｉｓｔａｎｄｑｕａｒｔｚｓｃｈｉｓｔ）ａｎｄａｓｍａｌｌｎｕｍｂｅｒｏｆｐｏｄｓｏｆｂｌｕｅｓｃｈｉｓｔｓａｎｄｅｃｌｏｇｉｔｅｓｗｉｔｈｉｎｍｅｔａ ｓｅｄｉｍｅｎｔａｒｙｒｏｃｋｓ，ａｎｄｃｏｎｔａｃｔｅｄｗｉｔｈａｄｊａｃｅｎｔｏｐｈｉｏｌｉｔｉｃｍéｌａｎｇｅｂｙｆａｕｌｔｓ Ｅｃｌｏｇｉｔｅｃｏｎｓｉｓｔｓｏｆｏｍｐｈａｃｉｔｅ，ｇａｒｎｅｔ，ｐｈｅｎｇｉｔｅ，ｂａｒｒｏｉｓｉｔｅａｎｄｑｕａｒｔｚｗｉｔｈｖａｒｙｉｎｇａｍｏｕｎｔｓｏｆｇｌａｕｃｏｐｈａｎｅ，ｃｈｌｏｒｉｔｅ，ｃａｌｃｉｔｅ，ａｌｂｉｔｅａｎｄｔｉｔａｎｉｔｅ Ｂｌｕｅｓｃｈｉｓｔｃｏｎｓｉｓｔｓｏｆｇａｒｎｅｔ，ｇｌａｕｃｏｐｈａｎｅ，ｃａｒｂｏｎａｔｅ，ａｃｔｉｎｏｌｉｔｅ，ｃｈｌｏｒｉｔｅ，ａｌｂｉｔｅ，ｑｕａｒｔｚａｎｄｅｐｉｄｏｔｅｗｉｔｈｖａｒｙｉｎｇａｍｏｕｎｔｓｏｆｐｈｅｎｇｉｔｅ，ａｎｄｗｉｔｈｏｒｗｉｔｈｏｕｔｏｍｐｈａｃｉｔｅａｎｄｌａｗｓｏｎｉｔｅｉｎｃｌｕｓｉｏｎｓｉｎｇａｒｎｅｔ ＰｈａｓｅｅｑｕｉｌｉｂｒｉｕｍｍｏｄｅｌｌｉｎｇｃｏｎｓｔｒａｉｎｔｈｅＰ Ｔｃｏｎｄｉｔｉｏｎｓｏｆｂｌｕｅｓｃｈｉｓｔ（ＳａｍｐｌｅＡ０６ １６ ７）ａｎｄｅｃｌｏｇｉｔｅ（ＳａｍｐｌｅＡ０３ ３ ５ ３），ｒｅｓｐｅｃｔｉｖｅｌｙ ＩｔｓｈｏｗｓｔｈａｔｔｈｅＰ ＴｃｏｎｄｉｔｉｏｎｓｏｆｔｈｅｐｅａｋｐｒｅｓｓｕｒｅａｒｅＴ＝～５２４℃，Ｐ＝～２ １ＧＰａａｎｄＴ＝～５２７℃，Ｐ＝～２ ２ＧＰａ，ａｎｄｂｏｔｈｏｆｔｈｅｍｈａｖｅｕｎｄｅｒｗｅｎｔｉｓｏｔｈｅｒｍａｌｄｅｃｏｍｐｒｅｓｓｉｏｎｆｒｏｍｅｃｌｏｇｉｔｅｆａｃｉｅｓｔｏｂｌｕｅｓｃｈｉｓｔ（ｂｌｕｅｓｃｈｉｓｔ ｇｒｅｅｎｓｃｈｉｓｔ）ｆａｃｉｅｓｃｏｎｄｉｔｉｏｎｓｄｕｒｉｎｇｅｘｈｕｍａｔｉｏｎ Ｃｏｍｂｉｎｅｄｗｉｔｈｐｒｅｖｉｏｕｓｄａｔａ，ｉｔｓｈｏｗｓｔｈａｔｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｔｔｙｐｅｓｏｆｒｏｃｋｓｉｎｔｈｅＨＰ／ＬＴｍｅｔａｍｏｒｐｈｉｃｔｅｒｒａｎｅｉｎＮｏｒｔｈＡｌｔｕｎｍａｙｈａｖｅｕｎｄｅｒｇｏｎｅｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｔｍｅｔａｍｏｒｐｈｉｃｅｖｏｌｕｔｉｏｎａｒｙｈｉｓｔｏｒｉｅｓ，ｒｅｆｌｅｃｔｉｎｇｔｈｅｉｎｈｏｍｏｇｅｎｅｉｔｙｏｆｔｈｅｐａｌｅｏ ｓｕｂｄｕｃｔｉｏｎｃｈａｎｎｅｌ，ａｎｄｊｕｘｔａｐｏｓｅｄａｔｒｅｌａｔｉｖｅｌｙｓｈａｌｌｏｗｌｅｖｅｌｗｉｔｈｉｎｓｕｂｄｕｃｔｉｏｎｃｈａｎｎｅｌ，ｗｈｉｃｈｈａｖｅｅｘｐｅｒｉｅｎｃｅｄｐｅｎｅｔｒａｔｉｖｅｄｅｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎｕｎｄｅｒｂｌｕｅｓｃｈｉｓｔｏｒｂｌｕｅｓｃｈｉｓｔ ｇｒｅｅｎｓｃｈｉｓｔｆａｃｉｅｓｃｏｎｄｉｔｉｏｎｓＫｅｙｗｏｒｄｓ ＮｏｒｔｈＡｌｔｕｎ；Ｅｃｌｏｇｉｔｅ；Ｂｌｕｅｓｃｈｉｓｔ；Ｐｈａｓｅｅｑｕｉｌｉｂｒｉａ摘 要 北阿尔金高压／低温（ＨＰ／ＬＴ）变质岩呈构造岩片分布在俯冲 增生杂岩中，主要由强变形的变质沉积岩（泥质片岩、钙质片岩和石英片岩）和少量呈透镜状分布在变沉积岩中的蓝片岩和榴辉岩组成，与相邻的蛇绿混杂岩呈断层接触。
RS2006M中文资料
50 100
FIG.3 SURGE FORWARD CURRENT CAPABILITY
25
heatsink Tc
Tc
20
15
sine wave
R-load
on heatsink
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
10
5
0 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160
CASE TEMPERATURE（OC）
FIG.5 TYPICAL FORWARD CURRENT DERATING CURVE
rs2006m中文资料 featuresmechanical data ullisted recognizedcomponent directory, file #e94233 epoxy:devi ce has ul fl ammabi tycl assi fi cati 94v-ors-20m rs2001m dimensions (millimeters)maximum ratings electricalcharacteristics ratings ambienttemperature unless otherwise specified. single-phase glass passivated silicon bridge rectifier 2006-10 maximum characteristics unlessotherwise noted peakforward surge current 8.3 ms single half sine-wave superimposed ratedload maximum average forward rectified output current typical thermal resistance from junction caseoperating storagetemperature range characteristics symbol units 300 amps amps volts volts volts maximumrecurrent peak reverse voltage maximum rms bridge input voltage maximum dc blocking voltage electrical characteristics unlessotherwise noted characteristicsmaximum forward voltage drop per element 10adc maximum reverse current rateddc blocking voltage per element symbol vf ir vrrm vrms vdc io ifsm rΘjc tj,tstg rs2001m rs2001m rs2004m rs2004m rs2005m rs2005m r
EMS22P30-M25-LS6中文资料(bourns)中文数据手册「EasyDatasheet - 矽搜」
电气特性
解析度................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 1024国 绝缘电阻（500 VDC） ......................................................................................................................................................................1,000兆欧 电气行程........................................................................................................................................................................................................续 电源电压........................................................................................................................................................................5.0 VDC±10％,3.3 VDC±10％ 电源电流.................................................................................................................................................................................................20 mA（最大值）
Sensata Technologies PM67 Series 三相交流输出面板挂载实态传递器安装
Page 1Copyright © 2019 Sensata Technologies, Inc.Important Considerations• Be sure to use input and output voltages within operating ranges.• On models without overtemperature protection LED indicates only inputstatus. It does not represent output status.|PM67 SERIES3-PHASE AC OUTPUT PANEL MOUNT SOLID STATE RELAYSINSTALLATION INSTRUCTIONSWIRING DIAGRAMDERATING CURVESMounting on Heat Sink•Select adequate heat sink (see thermal derating curves inproduct series datasheet).• Be sure to use a thermal pad (part no. HSP-8) or equivalentthermal compound between the SSR and the selected heat sink.• SSR housing mounting holes have a diameter of 0.341in(8.66mm). Two screws are needed to mount the SSR onto a heat sink (See fig.1). Mounting screws are sold separately as HK8. Otherwise, recommended screw size is 8-32 (socket) using an allen wrench (9/64 in) for the installation. Choose screw length considering mounting surface hole depth and SSR baseplate thickness of 0.125 in (3.2 mm).• Before applying full torque tighten down both screws until theycontact the baseplate.Then, tighten them to 20 lb-in (2.2 Nm)min.• For optimal thermal performance heat sink fins should beoriented vertically to promote natural convection airflow Mounting on Panel• Locate the panel section on which the SSR will be mounted. Panel mount surface must provideadequate heat sinking capability, uncoated, clean, flat (0.004 in/in recommended) and preferably aluminum.• Be sure to use thermal pad HSP-8 or equivalent thermal compound between the SSR and the panel.• SSR housing mounting slots have a diameter of 0.341 in (8.66 mm). Two screws are needed (notincluded) to mount the SSR onto a panel. Mounting screws are sold separately as HK8. Otherwise, recommended screw size is 8-32 (socket) using allen wrench (9/64 in) for the installation. Choose screw length considering the mounting surface and that the SSR baseplate thickness is 0.125 in (3.2 mm).• Before applying full torque tighten down both screws until they contact the baseplate. Then, tightenthem to 20 lb-in (2.2 Nm) min Wiring Instructions• Recommended wire sizes as shown in TABLE 1• Maximum terminal screw torque input terminal 5 lb-in (0.5 Nm) (screw terminal only)• Maximum terminal screw torque load terminal 18-20 lb-in (2.0-2.2 Nm)• Strip lenght for input terminals: Per manufacturer specifications • Strip lenght for load terminals: 10mm min.• Use only copper conductors rated for 75°C or higherPM67 Series 3-Phase Solid State Relays offer the advantages of semiconductor switching technology in a compact 67.5 mm industrial package. Read all installation instructions before using your panel mount SolidState Relay (SSR) and refer to the product datasheet for more information. For assistance, please contact Tech Support.(1)Maximum wire size 1 x 2 AWG (35mm 2)(2)Applicable when using CP202 connector instead of supplied connector PM6760XXXL1L2L3T2L1L2L3PM6760XXXTAALARM 2 CONTROLLED LEGS MAIN CIRCUITGeneral Use ApplicationOverload current protection needs to be considered3 CONTROLLED LEGS MAIN CIRCUITPM6760x25PM6760x30PM6760x50PM6760x55PM6760x60PM6760x75fig.1 SSR mounted on HS053 heat sink 05101520253035L o a d C u r r e n t (A m p s )Ambient Temperature (ºC)Ambient Temperature (ºC)05101520253035L o a d C u r r e n t (A m p s )010203040506070254080L o a d C u r r e n t (A m p s )0.25C/W0.5C/W1.0C/WAmbient Temperature (ºC)010203040506070254080L o a d C u r r e n t (A m p s )0.25C/W0.5C/W1.0C/WAmbient Temperature (ºC)01020304050607080254080L o a d C u r r e n t (A m p s )Ambient Temperature (ºC)0102030405060708090254080L o a d C u r r e n t (A m p s )0.25C/W0.5C/W1.0C/WDR670.25C/W0.5C/W1.0C/WDR67Ambient Temperature (ºC)Specification No.: Rev. 10/08/19Americas+1 (877) 502 5500************************Europe, Middle East & Africa +44 (1202) 416170***********************Asia Pacific*************************.com China +86 (21) 2306 1500Japan +81 (45) 277 7117Korea +82 (31) 601 2004India +91 (80) 67920890Rest of Asia +886 (2) 27602006 ext 2808Page 2CONTACT USCopyright © 2019 Sensata Technologies, Inc.Sensata Technologies, Inc. (“Sensata”) installation sheet are solely intended to assist designers (“Buyers”) who are developing systems that incorporate Sensata products (also referred to herein as “components”). Buyer understands and agrees that Buyer remains responsible for using its independent analysis, evaluation and judgment in designing Buyer’s systems and products. Sensata data sheets have been created using standard laboratory conditions andengineering practices. Sensata has not conducted any testing other than that specifically described in the published documentation for a particular data sheet. Sensata may make corrections, enhancements, improvements and other changes to its data sheets or components without notice.Buyers are authorized to use Sensata data sheets with the Sensata component(s) identified in each particular data sheet. HOWEVER, NO OTHER LICENSE, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, BY ESTOPPEL OR OTHERWISE TO ANY OTHER SENSATA INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHT, ANDNO LICENSE TO ANY THIRD PARTY TECHNOLOGY OR INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHT, IS GRANTED HEREIN. SENSATA INSTALLATION SHEET ARE PROVIDED “AS IS”. SENSATA MAKES NO WARRANTIES OR REPRESENTATIONS WITH REGARD TO THE INSTALLATION SHEET OR USE OF THE INSTALLATION SHEET, EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY, INCLUDING ACCURACY OR COMPLETENESS. SENSATA DISCLAIMS ANY WARRANTY OF TITLE AND ANY IMPLIEDWARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, QUIET ENJOYMENT, QUIET POSSESSION, AND NON-INFRINGEMENT OF ANY THIRD PARTY INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS WITH REGARD TO SENSATA DATA SHEETS OR USE THEREOF.All products are sold subject to Sensata’s terms and conditions of sale supplied at SENSATA ASSUMES NO LIABILITY FOR APPLICATIONS ASSISTANCE OR THE DESIGN OF BUYERS’ PRODUCTS. BUYER ACKNOWLEDGES AND AGREES THAT IT IS SOLELY RESPONSIBLE FOR COMPLIANCE WITH ALL LEGAL, REGULATORY AND SAFETY-RELATED REQUIREMENTS CONCERNING ITS PRODUCTS, AND ANY USE OF SENSATA COMPONENTS IN ITS APPLICATIONS, NOTWITHSTANDING ANY APPLICATIONS-RELATED INFORMATION OR SUPPORT THAT MAY BE PROVIDED BY SENSATA.Mailing Address: Sensata Technologies, Inc., 529 Pleasant Street, Attleboro, MA 02703, USA.FUNCTIONAL DIAGRAMSOutput On Alarm Pre-Alarm(only for models with overtemperature protection)ACCESSORIESWARNINGSRISK OF MATERIAL DAMAGE AND HOT ENCLOSURE• The product’s side panels may be hot, allow the product to cool before touching • Follow proper mounting instructions including torque values • Do not allow liquids or foreign objects to enter this productFailure to follow these instructions can result in serious injury, or equipment damage.HAZARD OF ELECTRIC SHOCK, EXPLOSION OR ARC FLASH• Disconnect all power before installing or working with this equipment • Verify all connections and replace all covers before turning on powerFailure to follow these instructions will result in death or serious injury.。
一种宽带微波六端口结的设计
一种宽带微波六端口结的设计祁浩;汪立新;陆家明【摘要】接收机一直是通信领域研究的热点,而六端口作为接收机前端的核心器件更是受到了该领域科研工作者的青睐.根据六端口的原理和前人的设计经验,利用HFSS软件分别设计出宽带功分器和宽带耦合器,在此基础上设计出一种带宽为2.3～11.5 GHz的宽带六端口结电路,并且进行了加工测试.通过仿真实验和实测,基本达到设计要求.【期刊名称】《杭州电子科技大学学报》【年(卷),期】2016(036)002【总页数】5页(P32-36)【关键词】接收机;通信;六端口【作者】祁浩;汪立新;陆家明【作者单位】杭州电子科技大学通信工程学院,浙江杭州310018;杭州电子科技大学通信工程学院,浙江杭州310018;杭州电子科技大学通信工程学院,浙江杭州310018【正文语种】中文【中图分类】TN62六端口技术是由美国国家标准局的Hoer等人于1972年提出来的，他们研究发现利用3 dB定向耦合器和同向功分器等微波器件可以组成六端口结电路[1]，通过对该电路4个输出端口的功率进行测量，便可计算出2个输入端的信号大小，所以早期的六端口电路较多应用于微波测量领域[2].现如今，六端口主要应用在直接变频接收机[3]上，由于六端口可以直接解调得到基带信号，这样可以减少混频器的使用，使得整个电路除了本振之外，都是由无源器件组成，从而电路结构变得更加简单，易于集成.在六端口技术中，核心器件是六端口结电路，由1个功分器和3个3 dB定向耦合器组成的.功分器和耦合器的类型有多种，比较常见的功分器有Wilkinson功分器、异面反向功分器等，比较常见的耦合器则有分支定向耦合器[4]、交叉串联带状线耦合器[5]、宽边耦合型宽带耦合器、lange耦合器等.本文采用的是Wilkinson功分器和交叉串联型3 dB定向耦合器，由于这两类器件理论上都是宽带的，并且都可以通过增加节数来增加其带宽，所以很容易实现宽带特性，本文设计的Wilkinson功分器做到了7节，偏置耦合带状线耦合器增加到了9节，在不影响性能的基础上，扩展了带宽.1.1 宽带Wilkinson功分器的设计Wilkinson功分器是由Chebyshev型多节阻抗变换器实现的，多节阻抗变换器是由多根长度相等而阻抗不等的传输线构成的，通过增加其节数可扩大器件的带宽.为了设计宽带的效果，采用了7节阻抗变换器，通过查阅多节等功率分配器表，得到各变换节的阻抗Zi.本文采用的介质为F4B材料，相对介电常数为2.65，损耗角正切为0.002，基板厚度为0.8 mm，根据上述的参数值，采用ADS的LinCalc 工具计算得出每节变换节的参数值以及相应的隔离电阻的值大小如表1所示.根据以上参数，利用HFSS软件搭建出的宽带Wilkinson功分器模型如图1所示.1.2 交叉串联宽带3 dB耦合器的设计早期的耦合器一般都是窄带的，要想实现宽带，采用单层板微带线形式一般很难实现，像微带分支线定向耦合器，带宽很难达到宽带.研究发现，多节偏置耦合带状线结构很容易实现耦合器的宽带，但其耦合度比较小，不能实现3 dB这样的强耦合.文献[6]研究证明了由多个弱耦合器串联可以组成一个强耦合器，根据公式推导，本文发现，2个8.34 dB耦合度的耦合器通过串联可构成1个耦合度为3 dB的强耦合器[7]，并且输出和耦合端的相位相差90°.根据上面的理论基础，同样可以设计出宽带3 dB定向耦合器，这里因为是带状线结构，所以用到了3层介质板，介质采用F4B材料，介电常数为2.2，损耗角正切为0.002，基板厚度从下往上依次为0.8 mm，0.3 mm，0.8 mm.根据多节偏置耦合带状线耦合器的理论计算并且利用ADS的LinCalc工具，得到该耦合器的具体尺寸参数如表2所示.根据上述参数，通过HFSS软件对耦合器模型进行搭建，得到了宽带偏置耦合带状线3 dB定向耦合器的模型如图2所示.图2中，设计的耦合器结构是完全对称的，图中标出了上下层导带的分布情况，它们分别被夹在两层介质基板之间，空间上又分布在了中间基板的正反面.1.3 超宽带六端口结电路的实现根据上述设计的宽带Wilkinson功分器和多节交叉串联的偏置定向耦合器，进行整体设计，设计出了超宽带微波六端口结电路如图3所示，功分器所处的位置是单层板结构，而3个耦合器所处的位置是三层板的结构，为了实现功分器和耦合器在不同板之间的导通，在图示的位置进行的过孔处理.将上述的仿真模型导出，生成gerber文件，厂家加工得到实物，实现主要结构图如图4所示.图4(a)中，最底层板是只有功分器，背面覆铜，为了减小加工带来的误差，将耦合器设计在中间层的正反面，而最上层只有单面覆铜，最后将这3块板从下往上对齐通过螺丝拧紧组装好后得到的整体结构图如图4(b)所示，连接SMA头便可以测试.由于设计的功分器是微带线结构，耦合器是带状线结构，所以为了实现不同层的功分器和耦合器的电路导通，进行了过孔，过孔直径为0.5 mm，在实物的加工中，在过孔的下端孔的周围，即在和功分器连接处增加了焊盘，这样便可使上下导带实现了导通.判断设计的六端口电路性能好坏的主要参数有：端口的回波损耗、输入端口的隔离度、幅度和相位的不一致性等，通过HFSS对模型进行仿真以及用矢量网络分析仪对加工实物进行一系列地测试，得到的输入输出端口性能如图5所示，端口1和端口2的传输参数效果分别如图6和图7所示.图6中，图6(a)、(b)分别表示端口1到输出端口3，4，5，6的插入损耗的仿真值和实测值.图7中，图7(a)、(b)表示的是端口2到输出端口3，4，5，6的插入损耗的仿真值和实测值.定义参数ΔφPi=Δφ1i-Δφ2i.其中，Δφ1i和Δφ2i分别表示i端口到端口1，2的相位差，i=3,4,5,6.用ΔφP4-ΔφP3，ΔφP5-ΔφP3，ΔφP6-ΔφP3这3个参数来表示端口之间的相位关系，具体相位关系如图8所示.从图5-8可以看出，设计的六端口结电路在整个带宽范围内性能较好.在2.3～11.5 GHz范围内，端口1和端口2的仿真回波损耗S(1,1)和S(2,2)高于-20 dB，实测高于-15 dB；端口1和端口2之间仿真的隔离度S(1,2)高于-21.5 dB，实测高于-17 dB，如图5所示.在幅度不平衡度方面，对于端口1和端口2到其他4个端口的插损，即S(1,3)，S(1,4)，S(1,5)，S(1,6)和S(2,3)，S(2,4)，S(2,5)，S(2,6)，其中仿真结果为(6.34±1.5) dB，实测结果为(6.25±2.1) dB，如图6、图7所示.在相位不一致性方面，通过图8可以看出，相位差值近似为180°,90°,-90°,符合理论值.在误差方面，仿真相位不一致性小于±3°，实测相差±10°.与仿真曲线相比，实测虽然存在一定的误差，但都在可接受范围内，通过后期校准[8]可以解决.实测曲线在频带范围内出现了不同程度的振荡，这和以下两方面原因有关，一是仿真软件自身在设计模型时将一些条件理想化了，而实物加工时的加工精度不可能完全达到理想化水平；二是在安装过程中金属螺丝通过过孔导通上下介质板会产生接触不良、带状线结构的3层板之间没有压紧使得里面存在微小气泡等，这些都会干扰高频信号的传输.六端口结构以其低成本，多频带，结构紧凑等特点被广泛使用，尤其是宽频带特性使得它被广泛使用在软件无线电接收机中.本文设计的宽带六端口结电路作为SDR 接收机前端的最主要组成部分，覆盖了较高带宽比的带宽宽度，仿真和测试性能较好，为后期在接收机上的应用研究打下了坚实的基础.参考文献[1]HOER C A.The six-port coupler:A new approach to measuring voltage, current, power,impedance and phase[J].Instrumentation and Measurement,IEEE Transactions on,1972,21(4):466-470.[2]TALAI A, MANN S, WEIGEL R, et al.Water temperature measurement by microwave six-port interferometry at 24 GHz[C]//Wireless Sensors and Sensor Networks (WiSNet),2014 IEEE Topical Conference on.CA,United states:IEEE,2014:10-12.[3]OLOPADE A O,HELAOUI M.Performance analysis of a six-port receiver ina WCDMA communication system including a multipath fadingchannel[J].Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering,2014,2014:34-39.[4]THIYAGARAJAN K,KESAVAMURTHY T,BANUPRIYA K A,et al.Miniaturised broadband branch line coupler for WiMAX and LTEapplications[J].International Journal of Wireless and Mobile Computing,2015,8(1):66-73.[5]周萌.带状线定向耦合器的分析与设计[D].西安:西安电子科技大学,2009.[6]GRUSZCZYNSKI S,WINCZA K.Broadband multisection asymmetric 8.34-dB directional coupler withimproveddirectivity[C]//2007 Asia-Pacific MicrowaveConference(APMC).Bangkok: IEEE,2007:1-4.[7]彭浩.基于六端口技术的直接变频接收机研究[D].成都:电子科技大学,2013.[8]HASAN A,HELAOUI parative analysis of linear six-port receiver calibration techniques[C]//Microwave Conference(EuMC),2013 European.Nuremberg:IEEE,2013:64-67.。
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计数资料制程能力分析-MINITAB
• 统计>质量工具>能力分析>Poisson
档案：CPK.mtw
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计数资料制程能力分析-MINITAB
De fe ct s 的 Po i sson 能力分析
U 控制图 0.03 UCL=0.02724 6 Poisson 图
每单位样本计数
期望缺陷
0.02 0.01 0.00 1 6 11 16 21 26 31 样本 36 41 46 _ U=0.00912 LCL=0
13
中央极限定理( Central Limit Theorem)
- 所有的母体, 就算是这个母体不是常态分布, 只要独立同分布随机变量 的各数n够大时, 则样本平均数之分布总是常态分布. - 这个n一般的统计学家认定为至少n ≥ 30才算足够
14
Confidence Interval of μ for known population σ • 当母体标准差已知, 则母体平均值的信赖区间可以由样本 平均数的常态分布或标准常态分布来估计:
均值 标准差 N AD P 值
171.1 4.792 50 0.486 0.216
百分比
60 50 40 30 20 10 5
1
160
165
170 身高
175
180
185
7
常见计算常态分布机率种类
Probability Density Cumulative Distribution Probability
Inverse Cumulative Probability
8
用MINITAB计算常态分布机率
9
练习
开启: 常态练习.MTW 总共有100 pcs的产品由剪裁机裁切完成, 我们希望了解以下结果: 1. 这100个数据是否为Normal Distribution? 2. 估计所有被裁切后的产品有多少比例其尺寸是介于36.5mm~46.5mm ? 3. 若要以现有机台设定要达到良率95%, 则上限及下限的设定应该为何?
3
累积密度函数Cumulative Density Function
• cdf 是指将已知的pdf作积分的函数, 亦即计算某 一X区间内的累积机率, 以Normal Distribution为 例:
(斜线区域的面积)
4
Confidence Level & Alpha (α) Risk
■信赖水平( Confidence Level 或CL )意指在某一区间的累积机率, 通 常我们用来代表流程中良品的比例, 相对于信赖的部分我们称之为风 险(α Risk), 也就是我们通常所说的型一误差( Type I Error)用表示. 而这个区间因为包含我们所信赖的部分, 因此也称为信赖区间 ( Confidence Interval )。
4 2 0 0.0 2.5 观测缺陷 直方图 5.0
有异常点显示制程不稳
累积 D P U 摘要统计 （95.0% 置信） 0.016 0.014 均值缺陷: 置信区间下限: 置信区间上限: DPU均值: 置信区间下限: 置信区间上限: 最小 DPU: 最大 DPU: 目标 DPU: 2.2800 1.8807 2.7390 0.0091 0.0075 0.0110 0.0000 0.0240 0.0000 12 9 Tar
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计数型制程能力常用公式
• 一次直通率(Roll Throughput Yield)与最终良率( Yield)比较
90% 达到客户所 要求的质量
66%≠ 90% …Why？
使用“最终测试（或成功产品产量比）”忽略了低估成本的工厂。最终测试 的实行是检查和测试的函数而非真实瑕疵的数据。
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练习
单位: 25,000 个单位 缺点数: 1,500 机会：10 请计算出DPU和DPMO
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计数型数据的分布– 泊松分布
Example: PCB板的单位面积内平均缺点数为2.5㎠ 内1个. 当 PCB板面积为10㎠时, PCB板上有2个缺点的机率 为? 10㎠ 的PCB板平均缺点数:M=10/2.5=4 PCB上有两个缺点的机率为:
27
计数型及计量型制程能力分析图形概念
计数型
计量型
Cp（制程能力）和Pp （制程绩效的值） 是由此得来的 顾客声音
如果使用方法一 来计算Sigma值， 就能得到Pp， 用方法二或方法 三来计算Sigma 值，就能得到 Cp。
USL-LSL 6s 制程声音
Cp/Pp 小于1表示不良制程，等于1表示还不错， 大于1.5表示很好，2表示优等。
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Cpk一稳定的流程为平均值45, 标准差11的常态分布, 若 我们要做每天10 pcs的抽样, 则其样本平均值的90%信赖 区间为何?
16
Confidence Interval of μ from sample standard deviation
• 我们所遇到大部分的状况下母体的标准差通常是 未知, 母体平均值的信赖区间可以由样本平均值的 分布来估计:
10
标准常态分布( Standard Normal Distribution or Z-Distribution )
• 我们可以将所有常态分布转换成平均值为0, 标准差为1的 标准常态分布, 用来转换的统计量为:
11
标准常态分布( Standard Normal Distribution or Z-Distribution )
23
计数型数据的分布– 二项分布
p : 发生不良的机率 (1-p) : 良品的机率
24
练习
• 在A 公司生产的产品不良的机率0.01, 将该产品10个为一 捆进行销售, 而不良品多于一个时可以退货, 此时一捆被退 回的机率为多少?
25
计数型数据的分布– 泊松分布
■泊松分布(Poisson Distribution) 适用于时间性或空间性发生频率低的特殊事件设单位内发生数的分布 ■ Example: 1天机器故障件数, 设单位时间内打来的电话数，产品单位 面积的缺点数, 交叉路口一天发生的交通事故数，大量生产制品的不 良数 .
count
有多少或什么 比例在不同的类别中? - 红球的数量 - 良品的比例 - 导通不良的个数
2
Binomial Distribution Poisson Distribution
常态机率分布( Normal Probability Distribution )
- 统计领域中最重要的一个分布就是常态分布( Normal Probability Distribution或Normal Distribution ), 我们在真实世界中所能够观察 到的数据大部分都能用常态分布去解释. - 如: 16岁男孩的平均身高, 每天上班打卡的时间等等, 这些非常接近于 NormalDistribution的例子在我们生活周遭不胜枚举 - Normal Distribution是由德国著名数学家高斯(Gaussian)所发表所以 又称为高斯分布(Gaussian Distribution) - Normal Distribution用以下方程式表示, 通常Distribution的函数称为 机率密度函数( pdf 或Probability Density Function)
0.012 0.010 0.008 0 10 20 样本 30 40 50
频率
DPU
6 3 0
0.000 0.006 0.012 0.018 0.024 DPU
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计算标准差
方法一（长期的估计值）
S
( x x)
i
2
(n 1)
方法二（短期的估计值）
S MR/1.128
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制程能力指标：Cp和Pp
OP: 机会：单位内, 任何被调查或测试的点 – 每个圆点(每单位的机会数) 。 – 一个流程中, 偏离产品/流程标准的机会 数目。
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Defect(缺点) & Defective(不良品)
1个不良品(Defective)：计算机屏幕 5个缺点(Defect)： A, A, B, B, C 3个机会：裂痕、破洞、闪烁
5
常态分布检定( Normality Test )
■统计的分析大部分是在数据为常态分布的假设下去做运算, 因此我们在拿到 一组数据要进行分析前必须确认是否为常态分布的数据. 收集大家的身高， 利用MINITAB作练习。
6
P-Value>0.05则代表此组数据为常态分布
身高 的概率图
正态
99
95 90 80 70
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练习
• 火箭开发的工程师在火箭燃料中添加了新的添加剂来降低燃料燃烧速 度的变异, 他收集了15次实验的数据, 燃料燃烧速度的平均值为50, 变 异为4.612, 他想了解燃烧速度变异的95%信赖区间.
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计数型数据的基本概念
计量型数据 计数型数据
数据为连续的数值
数据为间断的数值
母体参数Mean (μ) Standard Deviation (s)
统计估计量, X-bar S
P ( 缺点发生的机率)
ˆ ( 介于0~1之间的数据) p
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计数型数据的基本概念
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计数型数据的分布– 二项分布
■二项分布(Binomial Distribution) 结果为只是区别良品/不良品或成功/失败两种的试验n次反 复进行时, 失败次数X为二项分布.
Example: n=15的二项分布中随p值而显示不同概率值的图表
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名词解释
U: 单位(产品) :基于可计算的机会 – 正方形（4个单位） – 产出的衡量、观察和量化 – 计算缺点的标的物 D: 缺点: 任何导致客户不满意的事 项, 任何产生不符合的事项 – 黑点（9个缺点） – 客户不满意的来源 – 与规格不符 – 产品或服务需求特性的偏离， 或其不能实现客户对功能/或外 观的需求。