英语四级完形填空技巧

英语四级完形填空技巧根据对近１０年四级考试完形填空真题分析，呈以下趋势：１考查内容以词汇为主，其中词汇辨义占主要部分．实词考查又是重中之重，动词名词形容词副词的词义辨析是历年完形填空的必考项目，占到全部题数的９０％以上．不仅如此，动词的出题频率明显高于其他词类，所以必须熟悉其词义及用法固定搭配等．２逻辑关系也是完形必考内容。

考查语义衔接和语法衔接．前者需要辨析选项中各个单词含义，选出符合文章内容的选项．后者则涉及语态／时态／非谓语形式／主谓一致／从句引导词等．３从２００３年以来，完形填空体裁几乎都是说明文或是议论性的说明文．此类文章文字简练，通常开头点题，说明对象是什么．结构清晰，一般按时间顺序／空间顺序／逻辑顺序（前因后果，先果后因，先主后次）以及认识顺序（由此及比，由浅入深，由具体到抽象，由现象到本质）进行说明或者描写．４文章题材涉及社会生活／文化教育／科普知识／商业经济等．内容较为宽泛，但专业性不强，不会出现难以理解的观点或者复杂的说明过程．完形填空五大考点：１词义辨析．（近义词／形近词辨析）Sample: Children in low-income families and poor communities are 70 likely to take organized youth sports for granted because they often 71 the resources needed to pay for participation 72 , equipment, and transportation to practices and games 73 their communications do not have resources to build and 74 sports fields and facilities.70 A) little B) less C) more D) much71 A) shrink B) tighten C) limit D) lack72 A) bill B) accounts C) fees D) fare73 A) so B) as C) and D) but74 A) maintain B) sustain C) contain D) entertain(７０副词辨义，７１动词辨义，７２名词辨义，７３连词辨义，７４形近词辨析．）２固定搭配（动名，名形，动副搭配等，其中动词与其他词的搭配考查频率最高）Sample: Families of 76 many as 10 people have had to shelter 77 a single tent and share cook stoves and bathing 78 with neighbors. “They are looking forward to the clean water of their rivers,” officials say. “They are 79 of free fresh fruit.76 A like B as C so D too77 A by B below C under D with78 A facilities B instruments C implements D appliances79 A seeking B dreaming C longing D searching３逻辑衔接（所填空格的句子与上下文构成指代／列举／因果／比较／对比／让步／补充／递进等逻辑关系．其中，并列／因果／递进／转折关系是常考考点．）Sample: But human language permits communication about anything, 71 thingslike unicorns that have never existed.A onlyB almostC evenD just常见逻辑关系：1并列and, as well as, both and, not only…but also, neither…nor 2转折but, however, whereas, while, yet, instead, nevertheless, notwithstanding, on the other hand, not…but, rather than, still 3选择or, nor, or else, otherwise, either…or4递进besides, also, even, moreover, likewise, furthermore, what’s more, in addit ion 5解释that is to say, in other words6时间when, whenever, as, since, till, until, before, after, once, every time, no sooner…than, hardly…when, then, meanwhile, subsequently, afterward, later, the moment/day/minute/ second7比较as…as, not so…as, the sam e as, than, in contrast, on the contrary8条件if, unless, providing/ provided that, as/so long as, on condition that, suppose/supposing that, in case, only if, if only 9因果because, since, as, now that, seeing that, considering that, for, thus, so, therefore, hence, consequently, accordingly, as a result, so that, for fear that, lest, in order that, so…that, such…that10让步though, although, even if/though, while, whatever, whoever, wherever, no matter…, whether…or4 结构识别Not only… but also The more… the more some…the others…// still others…5 语法规则（不是重点，仍是考点）句法搭配：动＋副；动＋名从句：定语，状语等（连接词选择）非谓语：不定式，现在分词，过去分词，动名词主谓一致：人称／数，时态，语态等句型句式：简单，并列，复合，省略，倒装，虚拟语气等Sample: So 72 the New England Journal of Medicine last week 73 a study about in-flight medical events, I read it 74 interest.72 A before B since C when D while73 A collected B conducted C discovered D published74 A by B of C with D in快速解题技巧：一、利用排除法排除明显干扰项：如果不能很有把握的选出答案，可以利用排除法，先将各项带入空白处，排除明显不符句意的选项，从而缩小选择的范围．具体来讲，可以利用如下技巧：１判断所填词在句中充当什么成分，应是什么词性，从而排除干扰选项２利用上下文的时态语态和语气排除不符合要求的干扰选项３利用名词的数来判断各项是否符合句子要求４寻找与空白处构成搭配的词语，从而排除不能与其搭配的词语５将各项带入空白处将句子译成汉语，排除明显不能使句子通顺的选项Sample: Moods should be …from emotions which are usually more intense, 70 to specific circumstances, and often conscious.A relatedB referredC attachedD association２寻找固定搭配或习惯用法：运用词汇间的搭配关系经常可以无需理解上下文而直接确定答案，即使确定不了答案也往往可以排除一些明显不符合搭配关系的选项缩小选择范围，提高准确率．Sample: This measures the electrical activity of the wearer’s brain, in much the78 way as some machines used for …A familiarB similarC identicalD same３理清句子的语法结构：理清句子结构对解答完形填空尤其重要，这不仅仅限于直接考查语法结构的题目，在解答那些不是针对语法结构而设置的题目时，考生也必须仔细分析每个句子的语法结构，从而理解句子的含义和上下文之间的逻辑关系，最终填入正确的词．４寻找复现和同现关系“同现”是指在意义上相关的词汇出现在同一语篇中构成以某一话题为中心的词汇链．Sample: I have no doubt that all these people were 74 in school that the earth revolves around the sun; (they) may even have written it (on) a test.A advisedB suggestedC learnedD taught“复现”包括原词重复／同近义词复现／反义词复现等．Sample 1: If you are buying a hairdryer, you might (think) that you are making the 66 buy if choose one (whose) look you like and which is also the cheapest (in) price.A properB bestC reasonableD most Sample2: …when our friends are happy and “up”, that tends to influence us positively, …when they are “down”, that can have a 75 impact on us.A relativeB decisiveC negativeD sensitive５熟悉常用逻辑关系词语具体见前面．Sample: The concept was invented by a group of students at Brown University in Rhode Island 84 a friend complained of waking up tired and performing poorly on a test.A onceB afterC sinceD while （按照正常逻辑关系，想法应该是出现在朋友抱怨之后，故答案为Ｂ．Ｃ为强干扰项，但它引导时间状语从句时，主句一般用完成时）６利用文章和段落的主题句：为了使考生易于理解文章内容，出题者在设计完形填空试题时，总是保留一个完整的或是大半个完整的表达主旨的句子，而这样的句子往往位于文章的开头．因此，考生应充分利用文章开头了解文章主旨．另外，段落首句也是该段的主题句，所以考生要充分利用段首句提供的信息，把握文章的结构和行文思路．答题步骤：一．通读全文，粗选答案．１认真把握全文首句２理清文章总体结构，掌握全文大意３顺手牵羊解决容易题目，减少空格二．逐句细读，前后推敲１先易后难，初定答案．解题时，充分利用自己的词汇语法结构和语篇知识，逐题确定答案．按照先句法后语法／语义／逻辑关系及固定搭配的顺序从各个角度考虑．不会的题目跳过．２前后参照，寻找线索．对于较难题目要反复阅读空格前后的句子，联系上下文，寻找语境线索和提示．三．回读全文，补缺检查。