英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习

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英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习

英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习英语句子就像一座建筑，句子成分是构成这座建筑的各种材料，而句子结构则是建筑的框架。

理解句子成分和结构对于我们正确理解和运用英语至关重要。

接下来，让我们一起深入探讨。

一、英语句子成分1、主语主语是句子所描述的主体，通常是某人、某事或某物。

它是句子的核心，决定了句子要说的是谁或什么。

比如，“The dog is cute” （这只狗很可爱。

）中，“The dog”就是主语。

2、谓语谓语表示主语的动作或状态。

它通常由动词构成。

例如，“She sings beautifully” （她唱歌很好听。

）中的“sings”就是谓语。

3、宾语宾语是动作的对象，通常是接受动作的人或物。

比如，“He bought a book” （他买了一本书。

）中的“a book”就是宾语。

4、表语表语用于说明主语的特征、状态、身份等。

常见的系动词有 be （am/is/are）、seem、look 等，其后的成分就是表语。

例如，“She is happy” （她很开心。

）中的“happy”就是表语。

5、定语定语用来修饰、限定名词或代词。

它可以是形容词、名词、代词、数词、介词短语等。

例如，“The red car is mine” （那辆红色的车是我的。

）中的“red”就是定语。

6、状语状语用于修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，表示时间、地点、原因、方式、程度等。

比如，“He runs fast” （他跑得很快。

）中的“fast”就是状语。

7、补语补语用于补充说明宾语或主语的情况。

例如，“We made him our monitor” （我们选他当班长。

）中的“our monitor”就是宾语补足语。

二、英语句子结构1、简单句简单句只有一个主谓结构，是最基本的句子类型。

例如，“I love you” （我爱你。

）2、并列句并列句由两个或两个以上的简单句通过并列连词（and, but, or 等）连接而成。

英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习

英语句⼦成分和英语句⼦结构讲解及练习英语句⼦成分1．主语（subject）: 句⼦说明的⼈或事物，是句⼦叙述的主体，可由名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、不定式、动名词和主语从句等来承担。

The sun rises in the east. （名词）He likes dancing. （代词）Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词)Seeing is believing. （动名词）To see is to believe. （不定式）What he needs is a book. （主语从句）2．谓语（predicate）: 说明主语的动作、状态和特征。

We study English. He is asleep.3．表语（predicative）: 系动词之后的成分，表⽰主语的性质、状态和特征。

He is a teacher. The cake tastes delicious.He looks tired. He became mad after that.系动词亦称联系动词（Link Verb），作为系动词，它本⾝有词义，但不能单独⽤作谓语，后边必须跟表语，构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。

常见的系动词有:1）状态系动词：be (am is are was were…)2）持续系动词：keep, rest, remain, stay, stand, “保持”3）表像系动词：seem, appear, look.. "看起来像"4）感官系动词：feel, smell, sound, taste,5）变化系动词：become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run“变得”6）终⽌系动词：prove, turn out, "证实"4．宾语：1）动作的承受者-----动宾I like China. He hates you.I enjoy working with you.2）介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾Are you afraid of the snake?3）双宾语-----间宾（指⼈）和直宾（指物）He gave me a book yesterday. My father told me a story.5. 补语1）宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补⾜语。

(完整word版)英语句子成分和英语句子基本结构讲解及练习

英语句子成分和英语句子基本结构讲解及练习一、句子的基本结构（5种）1、主语+谓语（s+v）2、主语+系动词+表语（s+l+p）3、主语+谓语+宾语（s+v+o）4、主语+谓语+间接宾语（指人）+直接宾语（指物）(s+v+io+do)5、主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语（s+v+o+c）二、句子成分：（主语、谓语、表语、宾语、定语、状语、宾补、同位语、插足语）1. 主语（subject）：句子说明的人或事物。

The sun rises in the east （）He likes dancing. （）Twenty years is a short time in history. ( ) Seeing is believing. （）To see is to believe.（）What he needs is a book.（）It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.（）(一）指出下列句中主语的中心词① The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom.② There is an old man coming here.③ The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year.④ To do today's homework without the teacher's help is very difficult.2. 谓语（predicate）：是对主语加以陈述，表示主语的行为或状态，常用动词或者动词词组担任，放在主语的后面。

We study English. He is asleep.(二). 选出句中谓语的中心词① I don't like the picture on the wall. A. don't B. like C. picture D. wall② The days get longer and longer when summer comes. A. get B.longer C. days D. summer③ Do you usually go to school by bus? A. Do B. usually C. go D. bus④ There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon.A. will beB. meetingC. the libraryD. afternoon⑤ Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast? A. Did B. twins C. have D. breakfast3. 表语（predicative）：系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。

英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习

英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习主语（subject）句子说明的人或事物。

The sun rises in the east. （名词）He likes dancing. （代词）Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词)Seeing is believing. （动名词）To see is to believe. （不定式）What he needs is a book. （主语从句）It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. （It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语）谓语（predicate）说明主语的动作、状态和特征。

We study English.He is asleep.表语（predicative）系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。

He is a teacher. （名词）Seventy-four! You don’t look it. （代词）Five and five is ten. （数词）He is asleep. （形容词）His father is in. （副词）The picture is on the wall. ( 介词短语)My watch is gone missing lost. （形容词化的分词）To wear a flower is to say “I’m poor, I can’t buy a ring. （不定式）The question is whether they will come. （表语从句）（常见的系动词有be, sound（听起来）, look（看起来）, feel(摸起来，smell（闻起来）, taste（尝、吃起来）,remain（保持，仍是）, feel（感觉）...It sounds a good idea. The sound sounds strange.Her voice sounds sweet. Tom looks thin.The food smells delicious. The food tastes good.The door remains open. Now I feel tired.宾语：1）动作的承受者-----动宾I like China. （名词）He hates you. （代词）How many do you need We need two. （数词）We should help the old and the poor. I enjoy working with you. （动名词）I hope to see you again. （不定式）Did you write down what he said （宾语从句）2）介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾Are you afraid of the snake Under the snow, there are many rocks.3）双宾语-----间宾（指人）和直宾（指物）He gave me a book yesterday. Give the poor man some money.宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。

英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习

英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习简单句的五个基本句型❖主语＋不及物动词She came．.❖主语＋及物动词＋宾语She likes English.❖主语＋系动词＋主语补语❖She is happy．❖主语＋动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语❖She gave John a book．❖She bought a book for me.❖主语＋动词＋宾语＋宾语补语❖She makes her mother angry．❖The teacher asked me to read the passage.❖There +be There lies a book on the desk.主谓宾❖名／代－－动词－－名／代❖we-- saw --you.❖we-- did --the work.❖主系表❖名／代－系动词－形容次／名词／代词❖you are beautiful❖you seems worried.❖you are a stufent.❖相同点都三部分,主语也一样．不同动词和系动词,时态一样,否定式不同．动词加助动词,系动词不用．表语可以是形容词,宾语不行．只有宾语有补足语2、句子成分：英语句子成分分为七种：❖主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语;❖1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”;通常用名词或代词担任;❖如：I’m Miss Green.我是格林小姐❖2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做什么”;主要由动词担任;❖如：Jack cleans the room every day. 杰克每天打扫房间❖3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”;通常由名词、代词或形容词担任;❖如：My name is Ping ping .我的名字叫萍萍4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”;通常由名词或代词担任;❖如：He can spell the word.他能拼这个词❖有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人;指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接宾语;间接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面;❖如：He wrote me a letter . 他给我写了一封信❖有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾语;如：He wrote a letter to me .他给我写了一封信5、定语修饰名词或代词,通常由形容词、代词、数词等担任;如：Shanghai is a big city .上海是个大城市6、状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词,通常由副词担任;如：He works hard .他工作努力7、宾语补足语用来说明宾语怎么样或干什么,通常由形容词或动词充当;❖如：They usually keep their classroom clean.他们通常让教室保持清洁/❖He often helps me do my lessons.他常常帮我做功课/❖The teacher wanted me to learn French all by myself.老师要我自学法语8☆同位语通常紧跟在名词、代词后面,进一步说明它的情况;❖如：Where is your classmate Tom 你的同学汤姆在哪里1. 主语subject：句子说明的人或事物;The sun rises in the east 名词He likes dancing. 代词Twenty years is a short time in history. 数词Seeing is believing. 动名词To see is to believe.不定式What he needs is a book.主语从句It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.It形式主语,主语从句是真正主语一指出下列句中主语的中心词①The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom.②There is an old man coming here.③The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year.④To do today's homework without the teacher's help is very difficult.谓语predicate：是对主语加以陈述,表示主语的行为或状态,常用动词或者动词词组担任,放在主语的后面;We study English. He is asleep.二. 选出句中谓语的中心词①I don't like the picture on the wall.A. don'tB. likeC. pictureD. wall②The days get longer and longer when summer comes. A. get B. longer C. days D. summer③Do you usually go to school by busA. DoB. usuallyC. goD. bus④There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon.A. will beB. meetingC. the libraryD. afternoon3. 表语predicative：系动词之后的成分,表示主语的性质、状态和特征;He is a teacher. 名词You don’t look it. 代词Five and five is ten. 数词He is asleep. 形容词His father is in. 副词The picture is on the wall. 介词短语My watch is gone / missing / lost. 形容词化的分词The question is whether they will come. 表语从句常见连系动词❖“存在”类:表示存在或具有某种特征或状态.这类连系动词强调“存在”;常见的有:be 是,look看起来,feel摸上去,seem似乎是,appear似乎、显得,prove证明是,smell闻起来,taste尝起来,sound听起来等;❖例如: The story sounds true.❖Those oranges taste good star.2. “持续”类:表示某种情况或状态的持续;这类连系动词强调“持续”;常见的有:remain依然,keep保持,stay保持,continue继续、仍旧,stand处于某状况或情形等;例如: Why don't you put the meat in the fridgeIt will stay fresh for several days.It's already ten in the morning.The store remains closed.What's the matter3. “变化”类:表示由一种情况或状态变化成另一种情况或状态;这类连系动词强调“变化”后的情况或状态.常见的有:become变成, turn变成, grow变得, get变得等;❖例如: Put the fish in the fridge, or it will go bad in hot weather.三挑出下列句中的表语①The old man was feeling very tired.②Why is he worried about Jim③The leaves have turned yellow.④Soon They all became interested in the subject.⑤She was the first to learn about it.①tired ②worried ③yellow ④interested ⑤first4. 宾语：1动宾表示行为的对象,常由名词或者代词担任;放在及物动词或者介词之后;如：I like China. 名词He hates you. 代词How many do you need We need two. 数词I enjoy working with you. 动名词I hope to see you again. 不定式Did you write down what he said 宾语从句2介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾Are you afraid of the snakeUnder the snow, there are many rocks.3双宾语-----间宾指人和直宾指物He gave me a book yesterday.Give the poor man some money四挑出下列句中的宾语❖①My brother hasn't done his homework.❖②People all over the world speak English.❖③You must pay good attention to your pronunciation.❖④How many new words did you learn last class❖❖⑤Some of the students in the school want to go swimming.❖his homework ②English ③your pronunciation ④new words ⑤to go swimming 5. 宾补：对宾语的补充,全称为宾语补足语;❖We elected him monitor. 名词❖We all think it a pity that she didn’t come here. 名词❖We will make them happy. 形容词❖We found nobody in. 副词❖Please make yourself at home. 介词短语Don’t let him do that. 省to不定式❖His father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson. 带to不定式❖Don’t keep the lights burning. 现在分词❖I’ll h ave my bike repaired. 过去分词扩展：❖主补：对主语的补充;❖He was elected monitor.❖She was found singing in the next room.❖He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.五挑出下列句中的宾语补足语❖①She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room.❖②He asked her to take the boy out of school.❖③She found it difficult to do the work.❖④They call me Lily sometimes.❖⑤I saw Mr. Wang get on the bus.❖⑥Did you see Li Ming playing football on the playground just now❖❖①to read newspapers and books in the reading-room ②to take the boy out of school❖③Lily ④get on the bus ⑤playing football on the playground❖划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语❖①Please tell us a story.❖②My father bought a new bike for me last week.❖③Mr. Li is going to teach us history next term.❖④Here is a pen. Give it to Tom.❖⑤Did he leave any message for me❖6. 定语：修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子;❖Yanling is a chemistry teacher.名词❖He is our friend. 代词❖We belong to the third world.数词❖He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.形容词❖The man over there is my old friend.副词❖The woman with a baby in her arms is my sister. 介词The boys playing football are in Class 2. 现在分词The trees planted last year are growing well now. 过去分词I have an idea to do it well.不定式You should do everything that I do. 定语从句六挑出下列句中的定语❖①They use Mr., Mrs. with the family name.❖②What is your given name❖❖③On the third lap are Class 1 and Class 3.❖④I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor.❖⑤The man downstairs was trying to sleep.①family ②given ③third ④some ⑤downstairs7. 状语：用来修饰v., adj., adv., or 句子;表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步;以下例句按上述顺序排列❖I will go there tomorrow.❖The meeting will be held in the meeting room.❖The meat went bad because of the hot weather.❖He studies hard to learn English well.❖He didn’t st udy hard so that he failed in the exam.❖I like some of you very much.❖If you study hard, you will pass the exam.❖He goes to school by bike.❖Though he is young, he can do it well.七挑出下列句中的状语❖①There was a big smile on her face.❖②Every night he heard the noise upstairs.❖③He began to learn English when he was eleven.❖④The man on the motorbike was travelling too fast.❖⑤With the medicine box under her arm, Miss Li hurried off.❖①on the face ②Every night ③when he was eleven ④fast ⑤With the medicinebox under her arm八、同位语❖当一个概念词在前,后面的词、词组或者句子是在解释前者时,而且两者的语法功能相同,后者就是前者的同位语;❖Mr. Black, our English teacher, is a good tennis player.❖我们的英语老师——布莱克先生是个优秀的网球手;❖Football, the only interest in life, has brought him many friends.❖足球----他唯一的爱好,让他结交了许多朋友;Yesterday I met Tom, a friend of my brother's.❖昨天我遇到了我弟弟的朋友汤姆;That’s her habit, reading in bed.❖躺在床上看书是她的习惯;❖Your suggestion, to strike while the iron is hot, seemed a good idea.❖你建议趁热打铁,这个建议很好;He gave orders that the work should be started immediately.❖他发出指示要立即开始工作;You still haven’t answered my question why you didn’t come to school yesterday.❖你还没有回答我昨天为什么没有上学;同位语从句常跟在某些名词后,对其作进一步的解释;这些名词包括：fact, doubt, idea, news,hope, indication, decision, possibility, assumption, suggestion, question.这类从句常常有that 引导,有时也可以用what, why, whether, when 等引导;九插入语❖插入语是说话者对所表达的意思的补充、强调、解释或者说话的态度,其位置灵活常常用逗号或者破折号分开,并且在语法上不影响其他成份;❖1. 插入语常以副词副词短语、形容词形容词短语、介词短语、短语等形式出现;❖ 1 常见的副词及短语：indeed, surely, however, obviously, frankly, naturally, luckily / happily for sb. certainly 等;九■There be 句型拓展：There be +句词词组”中,there为虚词,be后面的名词词组为句子的真正主语;该句式在使用时须注意如下几点：★There be句式表示“有”时,它表示一种存在关系,通常带有一个地点状语,意为“什么地方时候有……”;句式中的主语只能为表泛指的名词词组,此外,其主语还可以带前置或后置定语;例如：1. There is a blackboard in the classroom.2. There are five minutes to go.3. There are two old women waiting for you at the gate.★在正式文体中,该句式中be动词的单复数形式取决于以下两种情况：❖1该句式中只有一个主语,主语为单数时,be动词用单数；主语若为复数,be动词也用复数; ❖2该句式中有几个并列主语,则按就近原则处理,即与靠近be动词的第一个主语保持一致;例如：❖1. There is room for improvement.❖2. There are three apples on the table.❖3. There were only two pens, a dictionary and a textbook on the desk.★“There be +主语+不定式”中,不定式可以有主动和被动两种形式,不过在口语中主动形式更为常见;例如：1. There is a letter to type today.2. There is no time to lose.3. There are many things to be done now.★There be句式中,be动词有各种变化形式;1be动词有时态变化,可以为一般现在时、一般过去时、现在完成时、过去完成时、将来时等;例如：1. There are a lot of people in the meeting-room.2. There was little left.3. There have been many such traffic accidents in the past few years.4. When he got there, he found there had been no one waiting for him in the room.5. Without air, there would be no living things.6. There is going to be a storm tomorrow morning.2There be句式中,be之前可以有情态动词;例如：❖1. There may be some people who don’t like the film.❖2. There used to be a temple in the village.句子种类一按使用目的可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句;❖1 陈述句Declarative Sentences：说明一个事实或陈述一种看法;❖Light travels faster than sound.光比声速度快;❖The film is rather boring.这部电影很乏味;❖I haven’t got a camera. 我没有相机.❖They have never met before. 他们以前从没见过面.疑问句Interrogative Sentences：提出问题;有以下四种：a.一般疑问句General Questions：❖Can you finish the work in time❖你能按时完成工作吗❖b.特殊疑问句W Questions; H Questions❖Where do you live❖你住那儿❖How do you know that 你怎么知道那件事c.选择疑问句Alternative Questions：❖Do you want tea or coffee❖❖❖你是要茶还是要咖啡❖d.反意疑问句Tag-Questions：❖He knows her, doesn’t he❖❖他不认识她,对不对= Does he know her❖yes, he does.❖No , he doesn’t.3 祈使句Imperative Sentences：提出请求,建议或发出命令,例如：❖Sit down, please.请坐;❖Don't be nervous 别紧张4 感叹句Exclamatory Sentences：表示说话人惊奇、喜悦、愤怒等情绪,例如：❖What good news it is 多好的消息啊❖How good the news is❖What beautiful flowers they are 多美丽的花啊❖How beautiful the flowers are❖How lovely the child is 多可爱的小孩啊❖What a lovely child he is❖what a cute child he is二句子按其结构可以分为以下三类：❖1 简单句Simple Sentences：只包含一个主谓结构句子叫简单句,例如：❖She is fond of collecting stamps.❖她喜欢集邮;❖We all study hard.❖我们都努力学习.I love sports very much.❖我非常喜欢运动.❖Mum made a beautiful skirt for me.❖妈妈为我做了一条漂亮的裙子.❖We elected him our class president.❖我们选了他做班长.❖There are more than 3000 students in our school.❖我们学校的学生超过3000名.2 并列句Compound Sentences：由两个或两个以上的简单句并列连接起来的句子叫并列句. ❖The food was good, but he had little appetite.❖食物很精美,但他却没什么胃口;❖Let’s hurry, or we will be late.❖咱们赶紧点,要不就迟到啦.❖He studied hard , and he passed the exam.❖他努力学习并通过了考试.❖He felt no fear, for he was very brave.❖他很勇敢,毫不畏惧.❖He was sick, so they were quiet.❖他病了,所以他们很安静.3 复合句Complex Sentences：包含一个主句从句和一个或几个从句的句子叫复合句,从句由从属连词引导,例如：❖The film had begun when we got to the cinema.❖我们到达电影院的时候,电影已经开演了;❖Do you know the man who is in the car❖你认识坐在汽车里的人吗❖❖What he said is not true.❖他说的不是实话.I know it’s difficult to master a foreign language.❖我知道学好一门外语不容易.❖The question is whether he will join us next time.❖问题是下次他是否跟我们一起干.❖The idea that Iraq could be taken within a week or two was an underestimation.❖伊拉克可以在一两周内就可以拿下的这一想法是估计不足的想法.❖To get into university = If you want to get into university you have to pass a number of exams.❖进入大学,你必须通过一系列的考试.元音和辅音的定义：发音时声带振动,呼出的气流通过口腔时不受阻碍,这样形成的语音称为元音;不论声带振动与否,发音时呼出的气流通过口腔或鼻腔时受到一定的阻碍,这样形成的语音称为辅音;发音时声带不振动的辅音称为清辅音;发音声带振动的辅音称为浊辅音;巧记48个国际音标单元音共十二,四二六前中后双元音也好背,合口集中八个辅音共计二十八八对一清又七浊,四个连对也包括;有气无声清辅音,有声无气浊辅音,发音特点应掌握1. 音标必须写在括号里,常用的音标括号有斜头和平头两种,其上端不顶第一线,大致与大写字母相齐,下端在第三格的中2. 音标没有书写体,也没有大小写,因此书写时必须和印刷体一样,直上直下,没有斜度,其书写规格如下所列;3. 下面几个音标是最容易写错的,一定要注意：ai和au不要写成Ai和Au,A:不要写成a:;在打字的时候,不要用a来代替A,把A:打成a:,也不要用g来代替G,把GE:l打成gE:l;4. 音标没有书写体,也没有大小写,因此书写时必须和印刷体一样,直上直下,没有斜度,其书写规格如下页所列元音音标学习元音概述：元音是有噪音的语音;形成元音时,声带振动,气流经由咽腔和口腔逸出时,不受到任何阻碍,没有可以听得到的摩擦声;英语里共有20个元音单元音1２个,双元音８个;•元音之间的差异,是由发音时各发音器官所采取的不同位置形成的;所谓“不同位置”,指的是舌头的高低与前后,牙床的开合程度,以及唇形的大小和圆扁;但其中决定的因素是舌头的位置：舌头是在口腔的前部、中部或者后部,决定所发的音是前元音、中元音还是后元音；舌身隆起的高度以及舌的哪一部分隆起最高,决定发出的元音是开口元音、半开元音、合口元音、还是半合元音;牙床开合的程度是由舌位的高低所决定的,而双唇的圆扁和大小对形成不同的元音也有相当的影响;因此,描述一个元音的发音部位,主要是描述它的舌位和唇形; Lesson 1元音i: i ә: ә学习i: 发这个音的字母和字母组合e ea eee: me be she he we eveningee:sweet bee sweep sheep see sleep three greenea:meat leaf sea pea teach eat clean根据发音规则,圈出下列单词中元音字母组合发音相同的两个词;rain bean catfeet teacher dstar tree jeepsea fish thei 发这个音的字母和字母组合i e y ey ay•i: pig fish in fifteen six ship thin•e: begin behind jacket basketball•y: happy heavy busy lorry carry sunny•lovely study thirsty twenty thirty windy rainy•ey: monkey money•ay:Sunday Saturday Friday根据发音规则,圈出每组中元音字母发音不相同的单词; •sit kick lip•gift jam ship•picture big sister•lick pig jellyә: 发这个音的字母和字母组合er ir ur ear orer: her serve termir:bird girl skirt first dirty skirt shirtur:nurse Thursday turtle purple curtainear:early learnor: word work world根据发音规则,圈出每组中元音字母组合发音相同的单词;beer thirsty wheat2. bank king her nursebird rabbit kneerun shirt termә发这个音的字母和字母组合ure er ar or a eure: pictureer:teacher brother dinner father sisterar: sugaror:doctora:panda about above camera sofa China根据发音规则,找出发ә的2个单词写在后面的横线上;sofa road smilefather sister food3. hair deer tiger Chinasoon ear leaderLesson 2音标ɔ: ɔu: u学习ɔ发这个音的字母和字母组合o ao: fox coffee dog shop dogdoctor longa: watch根据发音规则,找出发ɔ:的2个单词写在后面的横线上;teacher box clotheszoo clock dogboss lot violinbeach fox girlu: 发这个音的字母和字母组合o oo uio: do who whoseoo: food moon tooui: fruit juiceu: ruler rude根据发音规则,找出不发u:的单词;1. juice moon zoo panda2. tooth broom eye spoon3. head boot noodles pool4. noon cool boot watchu发这个音的字母和字母组合o oo uo:woman wolf•oo:look good book foot woodu:bull bullet•根据发音规则,选出与其它单词元音发音不相同的单词;book look pulltape sugar footkind wolf bullwood cook name四. 写出单词或音标;•bru:m dɔ: sit bә:d•fut wi: dɔg ′sistә•look do water good •too foot clock first •work sister doctor sea •五. 将下列单词与正确的音标用线连起来;•hot blu:•football huk•blue ki:shook futbɔ:lkiss hɔtLesson 3音标a: Λæ e 练习a: 发这个音的字母和字母组合a ar au ear•a: grass glass class plant dance fastfather lastar: car star arm March garden dark scarfau: laugh auntear: heart•根据发音规则,圈出发a:的2个单词;lip doctor card• 2. cloud cart garden gatescarf dark tiger•4. job lorry March parkΛ发这个音的字母和字母组合o u oo ouo: son come colour love moneyu: sun nut jump gum bus brushsupper usou: touch cousin country•根据发音规则,找出每组中发Λ的单词;cup bed air2. voice boy duck antcorn bear gun 4. cute boy money heræ 发这个音的字母和字母组合aa: dad cap cat bad apple bag flaghand rabbit ant black fat hasstand rat map根据发音规则,找出每组中发æ的单词;bed face sportcup fat pearbat finger treeyoung knife applee 发这个音的字母和字母组合e eae: egg bell desk leg pet ten penea: bread head breakfast•根据发音规则,找出每组中不发e的单词;well leg penmap pet elephantten tall deskhead bed toy音标a: Λæ e 练习•一．抄写音标,一个抄写5遍;•a:：Λ：æ：e：____ •二．选出下列没有相同发音的词;• 1. car arm food garden• 2. true jump bus cut• 3. bag short map flag• 4. egg pen head small• 5. got clock bell dog• 6. rabbit book wood foot•7. rat bat apple ten•8. gun star duck moneg•三. 写出单词或音标;•pa:st ru:m swet sit•fæt gɔt cΛp shә:t•bag car bus bread star head•四. 选出下列每题中元音有几种读音,有一种读音的在里画☆,有两种读音的画△,有三种的画◇• 1. hat fast cook last• 2. jeep door sun gum• 3. dad cap hand map• 4. star car cut from• 5. skirt sheep bird her•五. 改变下列单词的一个字母,使它变成另一个单词•like_________________交通工具•hat ________________动物•lake ________________食品•nice _______________数字•hot _________________用品•well _______________用品Lesson 4元音音标ei ai ɔi au练习ai 发这个音的字母和字母组合i y ie uy•i: kite bike nice tiger write knife•y: by cry fly my sky try why•ie:tie pie•uy:buy•根据发音规则,找出每组中发ai的2个单词.•good jam right•mine ice-cream mouse•sit tie eye•small tennis kiteɔi 发这个音的字母和字母组合oi oy •oi: oil boil coin•oy: boy toy根据发音规则,找出每组中发ɔi的2个单词. hear soy cold2. rabbit bed boy noisevoise boil word4. tea enjoy toy milkau 发这个音的字母和字母组合ou ow ou: house mouse mouth trousersow: flower cow how now down •根据发音规则,选出不发au的单词; 1．mouse cloud arm clowntrousers cow mouth3. town dance flower houseblouse now baby四. 把下列单词下正确的音标连接起来•bow bau•gate pai•tray geit•pie trei •poison pɔizn五. 看图、填空、标号•h___t→s__n→e__ __s__ r→•r__l__ __→c__k___→m__ __th Lesson 5元音音标әu iәeәuә的练习әu 发这个音的字母和字母组合o oa owo: nose rose poen overoa: boat coat soap goatow:show window snow bowl根据发音规则,圈出每组中发әu的2个单词;1．coat goat tree riverwindow knife road3. your white row coathen nose lampiә发这个音的字母和字母组合ear eer ear: ear hear teareer: deer beer根据发音规则,圈出每组中发iә的1个单词;beer fair tailpair near comenear tower air4. ring king here threeeә发这个音的字母和字母组合air earair: hair chair pairear:pear bear wear根据发音规则,圈出每组中发eә的1个单词;idea pineapple tailpair climb comehouse tower air4. ring king hare threeuә发这个音的字母和字母组合oor our ureoor: poorour: tourure: sure pure根据发音规则,圈出每组中发uә的1个单词;tourist pineapple tailpair climb furycure tower air4. voice king pure engineer辅音爆破音：ptk bdg摩擦音：f v s z θð破擦音：tr dr ts dz t∫t3鼻辅音：m n η舌侧音：1出现在元音之前叫作清晰舌边音2出现在辅音及单词末尾时叫作模糊舌边音半元音：擦音中气流较弱,摩擦较小,介于元音跟辅音之间的音w j •3 ∫•h rLesson 6辅音音标p b t d练习p 发这个音的字母和字母组合p ppp: piano panda parrot pet shipsheep pig stoppp: apple happy根据发音规则,圈出没有发p的单词;phone sleep pearpen big pineappleparrot sheep pigpony pet truckb发这个音的字母和字母组合b bbb: book ball bird big boy bagbananabb:rubber rabbit cabbage根据发音规则,圈出发b的2个单词;gift beach love2. pet god tub bedboy bus makeread dress babyt发这个音的字母和字母组合t ttt: table tea taxi cat rat fat ticketTt: butter matter根据发音规则,圈出没有发t的1个单词;fat bag toyticket tea duckpacket cat raind发这个音的字母和字母组合d edd: duck seed door desk day redhead bed read colded: smiled opened played根据发音规则,圈出没有发d的1个单词;clothes handcold fiveduck grape音标p b t d练习一．抄写音标,一个抄写5遍;•p：b：t：d：_______ 二. 选出下列没有相同发音的词• 1. pear ship coat pig• 2. taxi bean cab cabbage• 3. hat sea ticket wallet• 4. seed dance hand full• 5. pick pen sit pineapple• 6. cold find door chair•7. cloth purple pool push•8. eat fan quiet set三.写出单词或音标;•pændәkΛt di:p klaud •apple pear rabbit read 四. 改变下列单词的一个字母,使它变成另一个单词;•short→_____________衣物sea→_________________感官动词•pet →______________蔬菜ten→___________________ 动物Lesson 7辅音音标k g s z学习g发这个音的字母和字母组合g ggg: glass golf get girl bag goatflaggg: egg根据发音规则,圈出发g的单词;gas drive gum give violin bagjeans orange log bridge guesstank grade long languages发这个音的字母和字母组合s c ss ces: star sun snake sea seec: pencil city cedar ceiling celebratess: grass glass class bossce: face race rice nice根据发音规则,圈出每组中2个发s的单词;1. whose juice lick student2. those case scarf shoes3. space nose science meat4. tears piece bus noseLesson 8辅音音标∫3 t∫d3练习3发这个音的字母和字母组合ss: television, usually, Asiameasure a garage,an unusual collision; a great decision;my pleasure根据发音规则,圈出下列单词中发3的2个单词;1. shell ship garage desk2. truck shirt pleasure ship3. brush casual sheep sleep4. hero shape leisure shelft∫发这个音的字母和字母组合ch tchch: teacher peach cherry chairtch: watch match根据发音规则,找出下列单词中发t∫的单词,并抄下来;chair dumpling beach cheesenight she monkeyChina church these flower eggdream shark chick catchLesson 9音标f v θð的练习v发这个音的字母和字母组合v vev: video vase vestve: five love violin根据发音规则,在不发v的单词上打×violin move vote windowvan volcano white womanvictory wet wave vaseð发这个音的字母和字母组合thth: father mother brother clothesweather根据发音规则,圈出每组中发ð的1个单词;1．than sister brother three2. weather thank night good3. tie look teeth they4. thin father throat watchLesson 10辅音音标tsdz tr dr的练习dz 发这个音的字母和字母组合ds desds: seeds woods friends birds bedsdes: rides根据发音规则,找出发dz的5个单词写在后面的横线上;coats hands cats kitesbeds words pets kidsseats horse sands gatestr 发这个音的字母和字母组合trtr: tree truck trousers strawberry trick根据发音规则,找出没有发tr的3个单词写在后面的横线上; seats truck train trash tractordrink street drug trousersdr 发这个音的字母和字母组合drdr: draw drink driver dragon dry根据发音规则,找出每组中发dr的2个单词写在后面的横线上;1. dream duck dress rain2. rat drain drug door3. tree treasure drawer drink4. truck dragon dish drumLesson 11辅音音标hrlm的练习r 发这个音的字母和字母组合r rr wrr: rice room ride road roserr: mirror carrot parrotwr: write wrong wrap根据发音规则,选出发r的单词,打√;1. bread driver wrong rain worker2. river father robot rope sister3. write fruit rabbit crown druml 发这个音的字母和字母组合l ll•l: look light lock lucky lion tail•ll: ball pull dollar tell根据发音规则,选出每组中不发l的单词;• 1. lamp nail flag woman• 2. yellow fruit lion lychee• 3. grape bull laugh lake• 4. dumpling moon wheel whaleLesson 12音标n ηw j的练习n发这个音的字母和字母组合n kn gnn: nose net nut banana noodles train rain plane down kn: knee knife knockgn: sign根据发音规则,找出发n的单词并抄下来;1. mirror wheel yes knock2. mall hen laugh nut3. earrings plane wing breadη发这个音的字母和字母组合n ngn: ink bank tank fingerng: sing hang song king reading running根据发音规则,从下列每组中找出2个发η的单词;1．net ring finger meat2. tennis mouth song swing3. dumpling wing run nail4. hang swim ink notew发这个音的字母和字母组合w: winter window watch water well wouldwh: white where which when why wheel whale根据发音规则,选出每组中不发w音的1个单词;1. wood write wheel which2. wheat snow wet woman3. white window now why4. whale water watch rowj发这个音的字母和字母组合yy: yo-yo yogurt yard yes you your根据发音规则,找出发j的单词写在下面横线上;cry you your sky yellow lorrymoney jelly toy boy yogurt soy。

英语句子成分和英语句子基本结构讲解及练习

英语句子成分和英语句子基本结构讲解及练习一、句子的基本结构5种1、主语+谓语s+v2、主语+系动词+表语s+l+p3、主语+谓语+宾语s+v+o4、主语+谓语+间接宾语指人+直接宾语指物s+v+io+do5、主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语s+v+o+c二、句子成分：主语、谓语、表语、宾语、定语、状语、宾补、同位语、插足语1. 主语subject：句子说明的人或事物;The sun rises in the east He likes dancing.Twenty years is a short time in history. Seeing is believing.To see is to believe. What he needs is a book.It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.一指出下列句中主语的中心词① The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom.② There is an old man coming here.③ The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year.④ To do today's homework without the teacher's help is very difficult.2. 谓语predicate：是对主语加以陈述,表示主语的行为或状态,常用动词或者动词词组担任,放在主语的后面; We study English. He is asleep.二. 选出句中谓语的中心词① I don't like the picture on the wall. A. don't B. like C. picture D. wall② The days get longer and longer when summer comes. A. get C. days D. summer③ Do you usually go to school by bus A. Do B. usually C. go D. bus④ There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon.A. will beB. meetingC. the libraryD. afternoon⑤ Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast A. Did B. twins C. have D. breakfast3. 表语predicative：系动词之后的成分,表示主语的性质、状态和特征;He is a teacher. Seventy-four You don’t look it.Five and five is ten. He is asleep.His father is in. The picture is on the wall.My watch is gone / missing / lost.The question is whether they will come.常见的系动词有: be, sound听起来, look看起来, feel摸起来,smell闻起来, taste尝、吃起来, remain保持,仍是, feel感觉……It sounds a good idea. The sound sounds strange.Her voice sounds sweet. Tom looks thin.The food smells delicious. The food tastes good.The door remains open. Now I feel tired.三挑出下列句中的表语① The old man was feeling very tired. ② Why is he worried about Jim③ The leaves have turned yellow. ④ Soon They all became interested in the subject.⑤ She was the first to learn about it.4. 宾语：1动宾表示行为的对象,常由名词或者代词担任;放在及物动词或者介词之后;如：I like China. He hates you.How many do you need We need two. I enjoy working with you.I hope to see you again. Did you write down what he said2介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾Are you afraid of the snake Under the snow, there are many rocks.3双宾语-----间宾指人和直宾指物He gave me a book yesterday . Give the poor man some money.四挑出下列句中的宾语① My brother hasn't done his homework.② People all over the world speak English.③ You must pay good attention to your pronunciation.④ How many new words did you learn last class⑤ Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you5. 宾补：对宾语的补充,全称为宾语补足语;We elected him monitor. We all think it a pity that she didn’t come here.We will make them happy. We found nobody in.Please make yourself at home. Don’t let him do that.His father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson.Don’t keep the lights burning. I’ll have my bike repaired.五挑出下列句中的宾语补足语① She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room.② He asked her to take the boy out of school. ③ She found it difficult to do the work.④ They call me Lily sometimes. ⑤ I saw Mr. Wang get on the bus.⑥ Did you see Li Ming playing football on the playground just now6. 定语：修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子;Ai Yanling is a chemistry teacher. He is our friend.We belong to the third world. He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.The man over there is my old friend.The woman with a baby in her arms is my sister.The boys playing football are in Class 2.The trees planted last year are growing well now.I have an idea to do it well. You should do everything that I do.六挑出下列句中的定语① They use Mr., Mrs. with the family name.② What is your given name③ On the third lap are Class 1 and Class 3.④ I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor.⑤ The man downstairs was trying to sleep.7. 状语：用来修饰v., adj., adv., or 句子;表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步;以下例句按上述顺序排列I will go there tomorrow. The meeting will be held in the meeting room.The meat went bad because of the hot weather. He studies hard to learn English well.He didn’t study hard so that he failed in the exam. I like some of you very much.If you study hard, you will pass the exam. He goes to school by bike. Though he is young, he can do it well.七挑出下列句中的状语① There was a big smile on her face.② Every night he heard the noise upstairs.③ He began to learn English when he was eleven.④ The man on the motorbike was travelling too fast.⑤ With the medicine box under her arm, Miss Li hurried off.八划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语① Please tell us a story.② My father bought a new bike for me last week.③ Mr. Li is going to teach us history next term.④ Here is a pen. Give it to Tom.⑤Did he leave any message for me。

英语句子成分和结构讲解分析划分与练习及答案

句子结构及成分①相关概念1.词性的英文缩写在英语学习中，掌握单词词性非常重要。

如果我们在记单词的时只记拼写、读音而不记词性的话，我们就不知道如何使用它们，所以我们在记单词时一定要把单词词性记准记牢。

缩写字母原词代表词性n. noun 名词v. verb 动词vt.transitive verb 及物动词vi.intransitive verb 不及物动词modal v. modal verb 情态动词aux. v. auxiliary verb 助动词adj.adjective 形容词adv.adverb 副词num. numeral 数词interj. interjection 感叹词pron. pronoun 代词prep.preposition 介词art. article 冠词conj conjunction 连词2.及物动词和不及物动词实义动词后面跟宾语时，这个动词是及物动词。

实义动词后面不跟宾语时，此时这个动词是不及物动词。

The door opened.(open后面没跟宾语，此时，open是不及物动词。

)He opened the door.(open后面有宾语the door, 此时，open是及物动词。

)注意：英语中一个动词是及物动词还是不及物动词，关键是看它用在句中时后面是否跟宾语。

有些动词既可作及物动词又可作不及物动词，词义相同。

如：The meeting began at six. < vi.>We began the meeting at six. < vt.>有(答疑qq 329950885)些动词既可作及物动词又可作不及物动词，但词义不同。

如：The man walked away. (walk不及物动词，意为“走”)He walked the dog every day. ( walk及物动词，“遛”)She washes clothes at home. (wash及物动词，“洗”)The clothes washes well. (wash不及物动词，“耐洗”)英语中一些单词是及物还是不及物，可能与汉语不同。

英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习

英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习英语的基本成分有七种：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、补语和表语。

一．主语是句子说明的人或事物，一般位于句首。

1. The sun rises in the east. （名词）2. He likes dancing. （代词）3. Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词)4. Seeing is believing. （动名词）5. To see is to believe. （不定式）6. What he needs is a book. （主语从句即名词从句）7. It is very hard to finish the task. （It形式主语，不定式是真正主语）二．谓语表示主语的动作、状态和行为，常用动词（包括实意动词和be动词）或者动词词组担当，放在主语后面。

1. We study English. (实意动词)2. He is asleep. （be动词）3. She took good care of her little sister.（动词词组）三．宾语：1）动作的承受者-----动宾1. I like China. （名词）2. He hates you. （代词）3. We need two. （数词）4. I enjoy working with you. （动名词）5. I hope to see you again. （不定式）6. Did you write down what he said？（宾语从句）2）介词后的名词、代词-----介宾1. I am afraid of the snake under the snow. (名词)2. I will think of you. （代词）3）双宾语-----间宾（指人）和直宾（指物）有些及物动词可以有两个宾语，如：give给，pass递，bring带，show显示。

英语句子成分讲解及练习

英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习1. 主语（subject）句子说明的人或事物。

可以由名词（短语），代词（短语），动名词（短语），数词(短语)，非谓语动词（to do/ doing), 主语从句充当。

The sun rises in the east. （名词）He likes dancing. （代词）Five and four is nine. (数词)Seeing is believing. （动名词）To see is to believe. （不定式）What he needs is a book. （主语从句）It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. （It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语）2. 谓语（predicate）说明主语的动作、状态和特征。

可以由动词或动词短语充当，或由系动词+表语充当。

We study English.He is asleep.The police will look into the case.（复合谓语）The earth moves around the sun.He is cooking in the kitchen.She called me last night.Tom can swim.3. 表语（predicative）系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。

可以又名词(短语)，代词（短语），数词（短语），介词短语，副词（短语），非谓语动词和从句充当。

He is a teacher. （名词）Five and five is ten. （数词）He is asleep. （形容词）His father is in. （副词）The picture is on the wall. ( 介词短语)My watch is gone / missing / lost. （形容词化的分词）Her dream is to be a lawyer.（不定式）The question is whether they will come. （表语从句）（常见的系动词有全系动词be; 表感官的系动词sound（听起来）, look（看起来）, feel(摸起来，smell（闻起来）,taste（尝、吃起来）; 表保持的系动词remain （保持，仍是）, keep, stay; 表变化的系动词turn, get, become, go; 表终止的系动词turn out(结果是，被证明是)，prove被证明是。

英语句子成分句子结构讲解及练习含答案

英语句子成分与英语句子构造讲解及练习1主语〔subject〕: 句子说明的人或事物。

The sun rises in the east. 〔名词〕He likes dancing. 〔代词〕Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词)Seeing is believing. 〔动名词〕To see is to believe. 〔不定式〕What he needs is a book. 〔主语从句〕It is very clear that the elephant isround and tall like a tree. 〔It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语〕谓语〔predicate〕: 说明主语的动作、状态与特征。

We study English.He is asleep.表语〔predicative〕: 系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态与特征。

He is a teacher. 〔名词〕Seventy-four! You don’t look it.〔代词〕Five and five is ten. 〔数词〕He is asleep. 〔形容词〕His father is in. 〔副词〕The picture is on the wall.( 介词短语)My watch is gone / missing / lost.〔形容词化的分词〕To wear a flower is to say “I’mpoor, I can’t buy a ring. 〔不定式〕The question is whether they willcome. 〔表语从句〕〔常见的系动词有: be, sound〔听起来〕, look〔看起来〕, feel(摸起来，smell〔闻起来〕, taste〔尝、吃起来〕, remain第1 页〔保持，仍是〕, feel〔感觉〕 ...It sounds a good idea.The sound sounds strange.Her voice sounds sweet.Tom looks thin.The food smells delicious.The food tastes good.The door remains open.Now I feel tired.宾语：1〕动作的承受者-----动宾I like China. 〔名词〕He hates you. 〔代词〕How many do you need We need two. 〔数词〕We should help the old and thepoor.I enjoy working with you. 〔动名词〕I hope to see you again. 〔不定式〕Did you write down what he said〔宾语从句〕2〕介词后的名词、代词与动名词-----介宾Are you afraid of the snakeUnder the snow, there are manyrocks.3〕双宾语-----间宾〔指人〕与直宾〔指物〕He gave me a book yesterday.Give the poor man some money.宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。

英语句子成分和结构讲解分析划分与练习

The manwalkedaway.(walk不及物动词，意为“走”)
Hewalkedthe dog every day.( walk及物动词，“遛”)
Shewashesclothes at home. (wash及物动词，“洗”)
The clotheswasheswell.(wash不及物动词，“耐洗”)
实义动词
指的是那些意义完全且能够独立作谓语的动词。如：
Helivesquite near. (live“住”，有明确的意义，单独作谓语，为实义动词。)
Ilikereading.（like “喜欢”，意思明确，单独作谓语，为实义动词。）
Iboughta pen yesterday.（bought “买”，意义明确，单独作谓语，为实义动词。）
所以能够看出，常见的助动词为do, be, have，它们为基本助动词。
一个词既能够作实义动词也能够作助动词，具体是哪一种，主要看它们在句中的功能。
Hedidhis homework at seven o’clock.(did单独作谓语，意为“做”，是实义动词。)
Didhedohis homework yesterday? (did是助动词，协助构成一般疑问句，do是实义动词，意为“做”，是实义动词。)
被动关系：
从逻辑关系上看，相当于被动语态。如：The house builtlast year is the strongest.(去年建的那座房子)从逻辑上讲，the house was built,房子被建，相当于被动语态，是被动关系。
在上两题中，逻辑关系能够表达为：This kind of food tasted wonderful. The food smells delicious.逻辑上food和taste、smell是一种主谓关系，是主动语态，所以填现在分词。

英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习

英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习基本句子结构简单句的五个基本句型主语＋谓语She came．/ My head aches.主语＋谓语＋宾语She likes English.主语＋系动词＋表语She is happy．主语＋谓语＋间接宾语＋直接宾语 She gave John a book．She bought a book for me.主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾语补语She makes her mother angry．The teacher asked me to read the passage. There +be There lies a book on the desk.祈使句Pass me the book.被动结构be+ done The baby is taken good care of.1. 主语（subject）句子说明的人或事物。

The sun rises in the east. （名词）He likes dancing. （代词）Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词)Seeing is believing. （动名词）To see is to believe. （不定式）What he needs is a book. （主语从句）It is obvious that the environment is getting worse.2. 谓语（predicate）说明主语的动作、状态和特征。

（从句中也要有谓语动词）We study English. He is asleep.常见不及物动词agree, go, work, listen, look, come, die, belong, exist, rise, arrive, sit, fail, succeed，happen(occur, take place)在一个英语单句中，一般情况要有谓语动词要注意：介词短语和形容词不能单独作谓语，要和系动词一起作谓语。

英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习

英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习简单句的五个基本句型主语＋不及物动词She came．.主语＋及物动词＋宾语She likes English.主语＋系动词＋主语补语She is happy．主语＋动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语She gave John a book．She bought a book for me.主语＋动词＋宾语＋宾语补语She makes her mother angry．The teacher asked me to read the passage.主谓宾名／代－－动词－－名／代we-- saw --you.we-- did --the work.主系表名／代－系动词－形容次／名词／代词you are beautifulyou seems worried.you are a stufent.相同点都三部分，主语也一样．不同动词和系动词，时态一样，否定式不同．动词加助动词，系动词不用．表语可以是形容词，宾语不行．只有宾语有补足语2、句子成分：英语句子成分分为七种：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。

1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。

通常用名词或代词担任。

如：I’m Miss Green.(我是格林小姐)2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。

主要由动词担任。

如：Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间)3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。

通常由名词、代词或形容词担任。

如：My name is Ping ping .(我的名字叫萍萍)4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。

通常由名词或代词担任。

如：He can spell the word.(他能拼这个词)有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。

指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接宾语。

英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习

简单句的五个基本句型主语＋不及物动词She came． .主语＋及物动词＋宾语She likes English.主语＋系动词＋主语补语She is happy ．主语＋动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语She gave John a book ．She bought a book for me.主语＋动词＋宾语＋宾语补语She makes her mother angry ．The teacher asked me to read the passage.主谓宾名／代－－动词－－名／代we-- saw --you.we-- did --the work.主系表名／代－系动词－形容次／名词／代词you are beautifulyou seems worried.you are a stufent.相同点都三部分，主语也一样．不同动词和系动词，时态一样，否定式不同．动词加助动词，系动词不用．表语可以是形容词，宾语不行．只有宾语有补足语2、句子成分：英语句子成分分为七种：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。

1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物 , 回答是“谁”或者“什么”。

通常用名词或代词担任。

如：I'm Miss Green. （我是格林小姐）2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态 ,回答“做（什么）”。

主要由动词担任。

如：Jack cleans the room every day. （杰克每天打扫房间）3、表语在系动词之后 ,说明主语的身份或特征 , 回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。

通常由名词、代词或形容词担任。

如：My name is Ping ping . （我的名字叫萍萍）4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果 , 回答做的是“什么”。

通常由名词或代词担任。

如：Hecan spell the word. （他能拼这个词）有些及物动词带有两个宾语 ,一个指物 ,一个指人。

指物的叫直接宾语 , 指人的叫间接宾语。

英语句子成分和句子结构讲解及练习

英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习一、句子成分（一）句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。

句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。

（二）主语：主语(Subject)是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。

但在there be结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。

（三）谓语谓语(Predicate) 说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。

动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。

谓语的构成如下：1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。

如：He practices running every morning.The plane took off at ten o’clock.2、复合谓语：（1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。

如：You may keep the book for two weeks.He has caught a bad cold.（2）由系动词加表语构成。

如：We are students.注意：谓语与主语在人称与数方面要保持一致。

（四）表语表语(Predicative)用以说明主语的性质、特征、状态与身份，它一般位于系动词（如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等）之后。

常见的系动词有状态系动词可用来表示主语性质或状态，只有be一词，例如：He is a teacher. 他是一名教师。

（表示主语的身份－－性质）He is ill. 他病了。

（表示主语的状态）持续系动词用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, stand, 例如：He always kept silent at meeting. 他开会时总保持沉默。

This matter rests a mystery. 此事仍是一个谜。

英语句子成分和英语句子基本结构讲解及练习

The sun rises in the east （）He likes dancing. （）Twenty years is a short time in history. ( ) Seeing is believing. （）To see is to believe.（）What he needs is a book.（）It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.（）(一）指出下列句中主语的中心词① The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom.② There is an old man coming here.③ The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year.④ To do today's homework without the teacher's help is very difficu lt.2. 谓语（predicate）：是对主语加以陈述，表示主语的行为或状态，常用动词或者动词词组担任，放在主语的后面。

We study English. He is asleep. (二). 选出句中谓语的中心词① I don't like the picture on the wall. A. don't B. like C. picture D. wall② The days get longer and longer when summer comes. A. get C. days D. summer③ Do you usually go to school by bus A. Do B. usually C. go D. bus④ There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon.A. will beB. meetingC. the libraryD. afternoon⑤ Did the twins h ave porridge for their breakfast A. Did B. twins C. have D. breakfast3. 表语（predicative）：系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。

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英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习1. 主语（subject）：句子说明的人或事物。

The sun rises in the east （名词） He likes dancing. （代词）Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词) Seeing is believing. （动名词）To see is to believe.（不定式） What he needs is a book.（主语从句）It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.（It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语）(一）指出下列句中主语的中心词① The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom.② There is an old man coming here.③ The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year.④ To do toda y's homework without the teacher's help is very difficult.2. 谓语（predicate）：是对主语加以陈述，表示主语的行为或状态，常用动词或者动词词组担任，放在主语的后面。

We study English. He is asleep.(二). 选出句中谓语的中心词① I don't like the picture on the wall. A. don't B. like C. picture D. wall② The days get longer and longer when summer comes. A. get B. longer C. days D. summer③ Do you usually go to school by bus A. Do B. usually C. go D. bus④ There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon.A. will beB. meetingC. the libraryD. afternoon⑤ Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast A. Did B. twins C. have D. breakfast3. 表语（predicative）：系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。

He is a teacher. （名词） Seventy-four! You don’t look it. （代词）Five and five is ten. （数词） He is asleep. （形容词）His father is in.（副词） The picture is on the wall. (介词短语)My watch is gone / missing / lost. （形容词化的分词）The question is whether they will come. （表语从句）（常见的系动词有: be, sound（听起来）, look（看起来）, feel(摸起来，smell（闻起来）, taste（尝、吃起来）, remain（保持，仍是）, feel（感觉）……It sounds a good idea. The sound sounds strange.Her voice sounds sweet. Tom looks thin.The food smells delicious. The food tastes good.The door remains open. Now I feel tired.(三) 挑出下列句中的表语① The old man was feeling very tired. ② Why is he worried about Jim③ The leaves have turned yellow.④ Soon They all became interested in the subject.⑤ She was the first to learn about it.4. 宾语：1）动宾表示行为的对象，常由名词或者代词担任。

放在及物动词或者介词之后。

如：I like China. （名词） He hates you. （代词）How many do you need We need two. （数词）I enjoy working with you. （动名词）I hope to see you again. （不定式） Did you write down what he said （宾语从句）2）介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾Are you afraid of the snake Under the snow, there are many rocks.3）双宾语-----间宾（指人）和直宾（指物）He gave me a book yesterday. Give the poor man some money.(四) 挑出下列句中的宾语① My brother hasn't done his homework.② People all over the world speak English.③ You must pay good attention to your pronunciation.④ How many new w ords did you learn last class⑤ Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you5. 宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。

We elected him monitor. （名词）We all think it a pity that she didn’t come here. （名词）We will make them happy. （形容词） We found nobody in. ( 副词 )Please make yourself at home. （介词短语）Don’t let him do that. （省to 不定式）His father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson. （带to不定式）Don’t keep the lights burning. （现在分词）I’ll have my bike repaired. （过去分词）(五) 挑出下列句中的宾语补足语① She likes the c hildren to read newspapers and books in the reading-room.② He asked her to take the boy out of school.③ She found it difficult to do the work.④ They call me Lily sometimes.⑤ I saw Mr. Wang get on the bus.⑥ Did you see Li Ming playing football on the p layground just now6. 定语：修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。

Ai Yanling is a chemistry teacher.（名词） He is our friend. （代词）We belong to the third world.（数词） He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.（形容词）The man over there is my old friend.(副词)The woman with a baby in her arms is my sister. (介词)The boys playing football are in Class 2. （现在分词）The trees planted last year are growing well now. （过去分词）I have an idea to do it well.（不定式） You should do everything that I do. （定语从句）(六) 挑出下列句中的定语① They use Mr., Mrs. with t he family name.② What is your given name③ On the third lap are Class 1 and Class 3.④ I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor.⑤ The man downstairs was trying to sleep.7. 状语：用来修饰v., adj., adv., or 句子。

表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步。

（以下例句按上述顺序排列）I will go there tomorrow. The meeting will be held in the meeting room.The meat went bad because of the hot weather. He studies hard to learn English well.He didn’t study hard so that he failed in the exam. I like some of you very much.If you study hard, you will pass the exam. He goes to school by bike.Though he is young, he can do it well.(七) 挑出下列句中的状语① There was a big smile on her face.② Every night he heard the noise upstairs.③ He began to learn English when he was eleven.④ The man on the motorbike was travelling too fast.⑤ With the medicine box under her arm, Miss Li hurried off.(八) 划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语① Please tell us a story.② My father bought a new bike for me last week.③ Mr. Li is going to teach us history next term.④ Here is a pen. Give it to Tom.⑤ Did he leave any message for me参考答案(一) ① teacher ② man ③ dictionary ④ To do(二) ① B ② A ③ C ④ A ⑤ C(三) ① tired ② worried ③ yellow ④ interested ⑤ first(四) ① his homework ② English ③ your pronunciation ④ ne w words ⑤ to go swimming(五) ① to read newspapers and books in the reading-room ② to take the boy out of school③ Lily ④ get on the bus ⑤ playing football on the playground(六) ① family ② given ③ third ④ some ⑤ downstairs(七) ① on the face ② Every night ③ when he was eleven ④ fast⑤ off(八) ① us, 间接宾语 a story, 直接宾语② me, 间接宾语 a new bike, 直接宾语③ us, 间接宾语 history, 直接宾语④ Tom, 间接宾语 it, 直接宾语⑤ me, 间接宾语 message, 直接宾语一、句子成分（一）句子成分的定义：句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。