英语句子成分和英语句子基本结构讲解及练习

英语句子成分和英语句子基本结构讲解及练习

一、句子的基本结构（5种）

1、主语+谓语（s+v）

2、主语+系动词+表语（s+l+p）

3、主语+谓语+宾语（s+v+o）

4、主语+谓语+间接宾语（指人）+直接宾语（指物）

(s+v+io+do)

5、主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语（s+v+o+c）

二、句子成分：（主语、谓语、表语、宾语、定语、状语、宾补、同位语、插足语）

1. 主语（subject）：句子说明的人或事物。

The sun rises in the east （） He likes dancing. （）

Twenty years is a short time in history. ( ) Seeing is believing. （）

To see is to believe.（） What he needs is a book.（）

It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.（）

(一）指出下列句中主语的中心词

① The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom.

② There is an old man coming here.

③ The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year.

④ To do today's homework without the teacher's help is very difficu lt.

2. 谓语（predicate）：是对主语加以陈述，表示主语的行为或状态，常用动词或者动词词

组担任，放在主语的后面。We study English. He is asleep. (二). 选出句中谓语的中心词

① I don't like the picture on the wall. A. don't B. like C. picture

D. wall

② The days get longer and longer when summer comes. A. get C. days D. summer

③ Do you usually go to school by bus? A. Do B. usually C. go D. bus

④ There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon.

A. will be

B. meeting

C. the library

D. afternoon

⑤ Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast? A. Did B. twins C. have D. breakfast

3. 表语（predicative）：系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。

He is a teacher. （） Seventy-four! You don’t look it. （）

Five and five is ten. （） He is asleep. （）

His father is in.（） The picture is on the wall. ( )

My watch is gone / missing / lost. （）

The question is whether they will come. （）

（常见的系动词有: be, sound（听起来）, look（看起来）, feel(摸起来，smell（闻起来）, taste（尝、吃起来）, remain（保持，仍是）, feel（感觉）……

It sounds a good idea. The sound sounds strange.

Her voice sounds sweet. Tom looks thin.

The food smells delicious. The food tastes good.

The door remains open. Now I feel tired.

(三) 挑出下列句中的表语

① The old man was feeling very tired.② Why is he worried about Jim?

③ The leaves have turned yellow.④ Soon They all became interested in the subject.

⑤ She was the first to learn about it.

4. 宾语：1）动宾表示行为的对象，常由名词或者代词担任。放在及物动词或者介词之后。如：

I like China. （） He hates you. （）

How many do you need? We need two. （） I enjoy working with you. （）

I hope to see you again. （） Did you write down what he said? （）

2）介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾

Are you afraid of the snake? Under the snow, there are many rocks.

3）双宾语-----间宾（指人）和直宾（指物）

He gave me a book yesterday . Give the poor man some money.

(四) 挑出下列句中的宾语

① My brother hasn't done his homework.

② People all over the world speak English.

③ You must pay good attention to your pronunciation.

④ How many new words did you learn last class?

⑤ Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you?

5. 宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。

We elected him monitor. （） We all think it a pity that she didn’t come here. （）

We will make them happy. （） We found nobody in. ( )

Please make yourself at home. （）Don’t let him do that. （）

His father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson. （）

Don’t keep the lights burning. （）I’ll have my bike repaired. （）

(五) 挑出下列句中的宾语补足语

① She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room.

② He asked her to take the boy out of school.③ She found it difficult to do the work.

④ They call me Lily sometimes.⑤ I saw Mr. Wang get on the bus.

⑥ Did you see Li Ming playing football on the playground just now?

6. 定语：修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。

Ai Yanling is a chemistry teacher.（） He is our friend. （）

We belong to the third world.（） He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.（）