北京理工大学 北理工 2006年机械设计 考研真题及答案解析
(完整版)北京理工大学2013-2014学年第一学期《机械设计基础》期末试题A卷及参考答案
课程编号：03000138 北京理工大学2013～2014学年第一学期2011级机械设计基础期末试题A卷答案班级学号姓名成绩一、是非题（正确的在括号内划√，错误的划×，每题2分，共10分）1. 滚动轴承座圈和滚动体的常用材料是45钢调质。
(F)2. 在铰链四杆机构中，压力角越小，机构的传动性能越好。
（T）3. 带传动中对带的疲劳寿命影响最大的应力是小带轮上的弯曲应力（T）4. 只要是渐开线标准齿轮，在齿轮齿廓上任一位置处的压力角都应为国家标准值20o（F）5. 滚动轴承为标准件，为便于互换和生产，轴承内圈孔与轴的配合应采用基轴制（F）二、选择题（把正确的答案选项填入空格内，每题2分，共20分）1. 利用范成法加工渐开线标准齿轮时，若被加工的齿轮（D ）太小，就会发生根切现象。
A 模数B 压力角C 齿厚D 齿数2. 设计凸轮时，若工作行程中的最大压力角大于许用压力角，则应（A）。
A 增大基圆半径B 减小基圆半径C 增大滚子半径D 减小滚子半径3. 只承受弯矩而不传递转矩的轴称为（C ）。
A 传动轴B 转轴C 心轴D 曲轴4. 为了提高齿轮的齿面接触疲劳强度，可以（B ）。
A 加大模数B 加大中心矩C 减小齿宽系数D 减小啮合角5. 键的长度主要是根据( B )来选择。
A传递转矩大小 B 轮毂长度 C 轴直径 D 键剖面尺寸6. 被连接件受横向外力作用时，如采用普通螺栓连接，则螺栓可能的失效形式为（C ）。
A 剪切破坏B挤压破坏 C 拉、扭联合作用下断裂D 拉、扭联合作用下塑性变形7. 在载荷不平稳且有较大冲击和振动的情况下，一般宜选用（C）联轴器。
A 刚性B 无弹性元件挠性C 有弹性元件挠性D 安全8. 在同样载荷和同样工作条件下运转的同一批生产的同型号的滚动轴承，它们的寿命一般（B）。
A 相同B 不相同C 90%轴承相同D 10%轴承相同9. 在轴的初步计算中，轴的直径是按（B）进行初步确定的。
2006年北京理工大学工业设计考研真题汇编
北京理工大学工业设计考研经验总结最近很多人咨询关于北京理工考研的一些信息，为了更好的解决大家的问题，将我考研的过程和一些总结和大家分享一下，不一定是对的，但只求不要误导了大家，下面这个是去年写下的一个小的心得，到了现在，也已经有点改变了，关于考试，没有什么不变的法宝，对于北理工业设计考研更是如此，借用一句话：设计中唯一不变的就是变。
但如果我们能把握变化之中的一些规律，就不会为其看似无端的变化所困。
关于为什么考北理我就不多说了，综合的因素有很多，大家看自己的情况，多去搜集一些信息，横向比较一下，找到适合自己的学校。
英语和政治方面我的水平比较低，我相信大家都能超过我，所以也不再多说，我更愿和大家分享的是考研的历程、心态、每个阶段的安排以及我对考研专业课的一些浅薄的看法。
本人才疏学浅，如果有什么不妥的地方，欢迎指正，我渴望能够同大家一起学习。
闲话到此，请看正文：一、史论北京理工大学工业设计关于史论的考题整体比较简单，这也难怪今年在考完史论后第二天很多论坛出现关于北理工业设计考研过于简单的批判。
但难易也总是相对的，2011的考题均是大学期间所学的基础知识，因此给人比较简单的感觉，而感觉终究是感觉，这样的题目不会让人失去太多的分数，但想要取得高分却也没有那么容易。
这也是往年北理史论题目考查的一大特点，尤其是2010年之前的大论文模式的考查中，这种不易失分、同时也不易得高分的特点就更为突出。
2011的考试相对于往年来说考的更为具体，对我们对特定知识点的把握程度的要求也更高，其中关于设计史和材料成型工艺的考查也考的比较具体，对于简答题，很多知识点如果记得不牢固就会失去一定的分数。
而70分的论述题依然保留着原有论述题的特点，考题相对比较灵活，我们都会从一定的角度给出一定的分析，不会严重的失分，但想要得高分同样也没有那么容易。
考试分析：北京理工工业设计史论的考查虽然近两年开始了简答+论述的模式，考题趋于具体化，虽然开始注重考一些具体的细节性的东西，但更注重考查的还是我们分析问题的能力。
王黎钦《机械设计》第5版名校考研真题(齿轮传动)【圣才出品】
王黎钦《机械设计》第5版名校考研真题第8章齿轮传动一、填空题1．齿轮传动的主要失效形式是______、______、______、______和______。
[哈尔滨工业大学2005研]【答案】齿面折断；齿面点蚀；齿面胶合；齿面磨损；齿面塑性变形2．直齿锥齿轮强度计算时，是以______当量圆柱齿轮为计算依据。
[武汉理工大学2004研]【答案】齿宽中点3．一软齿面的齿轮传动，小齿轮的齿面硬度应比大齿轮的齿面硬度______，原因是______。
[华中科技大学2001研]【答案】高；小齿轮的啮合次数多于大齿轮，因而小齿轮容易失效，为了使大小齿轮寿命比较接近4．齿轮传动中的功率损失主要包括______、______、______三部分。
[华东理工大学2005研]【答案】啮合面的摩擦损失；轮齿搅动润滑油时的油阻损失；轴支承在轴承中和轴承内的摩擦损失。
5．二级圆柱齿轮减速器中，轮1、2为高速级小、大齿轮，3、4为低速级小、大齿轮，若，四齿轮的模数、齿宽、材料、热处理均相同，在有限寿命内，接触强度最高的齿轮为______，最低的为______；弯曲强度最高的为______，最低的为______。
[北京航空航天大学2001研]【答案】2；3；2；36．在斜齿圆柱齿轮设计中，应取______模数为标准值；而在直齿圆锥齿轮设计中，就取______模数为标准值。
[中南大学2005年研]【答案】法面；大端面二、选择题1．已知某齿轮的转矩T＝1000N∙m，分度圆直径d＝200mm，则其圆周力（）[山东大学2004研]。
A．1000NB．1NC．500ND．0.5N【答案】：A【解析】t 200020001001000N200TFd ⨯===2．一对相啮合的圆柱齿轮，其接触应力的大小是______。
[华南理工大学2006研]A．B．C．D．可能相等，也可能不相等【答案】C【解析】相互啮合的圆柱齿轮的接触应力的大小总是相等。
北京理工大学 北理工 2006年管理学 考研真题及答案解析
北京理工大学2006年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题科目代码： 471 科目名称：管理学一、名词解释(每小题4分，共20分)1、战略计划2、分工与协作原则3、全面质量管理4、沟通5、控制二、单项选择题(每小题3分，共30分)1、YSC是一家英国公司，并正在准备上市，该公司擅长找出成功管理者的性格特征及共同点。
他们通过大量调查发现，成功的中小企业家具备的诸多特征中有这样一条：对事对人充满热诚，希望企业改善，满足感在乎对企业进行优越的改变，却不在乎地位及金钱。
这一分析结论令国内一些中小企业家不服，不相信管理层不是以金钱为主要目标。
请问以下哪种说法最能解释这一现象?A．按照马斯洛的理论，人们的需求存在多种层次，金钱对有些人来说需要，对有些人来说不需要。
B．按照赫兹伯格的双因素理论，金钱确实是激励因素，该公司的调查结果有问题。
C．不同的地域文化，不同的经济发展水平，不同的价值观会对不同的人的需求产生不同的影响。
D．国外的一些调查往往和国外的一些理论一样，不适合中国，没有必要盲目借鉴和照搬。
2、张斌的专业是艺术设计，却在公司的生产部门工作。
近来销售部的经理提出把所有印刷品的设计任务都交给张斌来做，包括宣传手册、产品目录、海报，甚至报纸或杂志上的广告。
张斌很想有这样一个发挥自己艺术设计专长的机会。
而他所在的生产部门经理了解到他想离开的想法后说：“你是我们这儿很有价值的一位员工，我想我们肯定能做些什么，让你留下来。
公司有一个大的营销部门并不意味着我的部门就不能做一些专业的营销工作。
我给你一些附带的工作，比如，为我们的产品设计包装，怎么样?这不就能发挥你的艺术特长了吗?”如果你是该公司总经理，刚刚在某高校进修了管理学课程，你会如何看待这件事? A．生产部门经理为了能迎合张斌的喜好，对部门的工作进行一些不太恰当的调整。
B．生产部门经理为了挽留人才，调整部门工作，符合因人设职的管理原则。
C．生产部门经理没有学过马斯洛需要层次论。
北京理工大学真题2006年(含答案)
北京理工大学2006年Part ⅠReading Comprehension (40 points)Directions: In this part there are four passages for you to read. After each passage there are five questions, below each of whom there are four answers marked A, B, C and D. Chouse the best answer and mark the corresponding letter with a pencil on the Machine-Scoring Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.Passage OneI was introduced to the concept of literacy animator in Oladumi Arigbede's (1994) article on high illiteracy rates among women and school dropout rates among girls. According to Arigbede, literacy animators view their role as assisting in the self-liberating development of people in the world who are struggling for a more meaningful life. Animators are a family of deeply concerned and committed people whose gut-level rejection of mass human pauperization compels them to intervene on the side of the marginalized. Their motivation is not derived from a love of literacy as merely another technical life skill, and they accept that literacy is never culturally or ideologically neutral.Arigbede writes from her experiences as an animator working with women and men in Nigeria. She believes that literacy animators have to make a clear choice about whose culture and whose ideology will be fostered among those with whom they work. Do literacy educators in the United States consider whether the instruction they pursue conflicts with their students' traditional cultures or community, or fosters illiteracies in learners' first or home languages or dialects and. in their orality?Some approaches to literacy instruction represent an ideology of individualism, control, and competition. Consider, for example, the difference in values conveyed and represented when students engage in choral reading versus the practice of having one student read out loud to the group. To identify as a literacy animator is to choose the ideology of "sharing, solidarity, love, equity, co-operation with and respect of both nature and other human beings". Literacy pedagogy that matches the animator ideology works on maintaining the languages and cultures of millions of minority children who at present are being forced to accept the language and culture of the dominant group. It might lead to assessment that examines the performance outcomes of a community of literacy learners and the social significance of their uses of literacy, as opposed to measuring what an individual can do as a reader and writer on a standardized test. Shor (1993) describes literacy animators as problerm-posing, community-based, dialogic educators. Do our teacher-education textbooks on reading and language arts promote the idea that teachers should explore problems from a community-based dialogic perspective?1. A literacy animator is one who ______.A. struggles for a more meaningful lifeB. frees people from poverty and illiteracyC. is committed to marginalize the illiterateD. is concerned with what is behind illiteracy2. The author suggests that literacy educators in the US in a way ______.A. promote students' home languagesB. force students to accept their cultureC. teach nothing but reading and writingD. consider literacy as of non-neutral nature3. Arigbede worked with Nigerians probably to ______.A. teach American customs and ideologyB. make a choice of culture to be fosteredC. reject the values of the dominant classD. help maintain Nigerian language and culture4. According to the author, "choral reading" may represent ______.A. individualismB. collectivismC. competitionD. immersion5. Animator ideology emphasizes more on ______.A. the social function of literacyB. students' performance in testsC. the dominant group's languageD. the attainment of life skillsPassage TwoAccording to one survey of 12, 000 people, about 30 percent of those making New Year's resolutions say they don't even keep them into February. And only about 1 in 5 actually stays on track for six months or more, reports eDiets, com, a consumer diet and fitness Web site.But don't let those odds make you reach for the nearest bag of potato chips. Experts say you can keep those resolutions long term, even if you're struggling now."The motivation comes from within, and so when you find that you're declining in your healthy eating program, and then just ask yourself, 'Is this going to get me the results that I want?'" says Leslie Stewart, a registered dietitian and licensed nutritionist."And if you're doing something every day to eat healthy, then that's going to pay off in the long run."Stewart advises to use what she calls the 90 -10 eating rule."If you're eating healthy 90 percent of the time, then 10 percent of the time, you can cut yourself some slack and eat pleasurably."She says she believes that "healthy eating is evolution instead of resolution."The same principle can be applied to a lagging exercise resolution, too.Staying motivated is key to long-term success, and reviewing original goals can help strengthen a weakening workout program.Adding variety to a fitness regime also can prevent you from hanging up those exercise shoes. After a few weeks of well-intentioned workouts, boredom may be creeping into your routine.Setting goals too high is another common mistake, "If you're not running a marathon at the end of the month, don't worry," said Mayo Clinic experts. A too intense workout—and the resulting pain and stiffness—is discouraging and may force most to abandon a program. Starting slowly is key.But if your goals already have fallen by the wayside, Uria says to start up again immediately."A little setback is OK; get back on the horse and ride... drive toward that goal," he says.6. According to the author, only about 20% people keeping their resolutions does not necessarily mean that ______.A. the figure is rather depressing and unexpected as wellB. those who have made their resolution should give up their effortC. whoever keep their resolutions should start eating potato chipsD. long-term resolutions are not important for those facing troubles7. What is the idea behind the 90-10 eating rule acording to the passage?A. You should keep eating healthy 90% of the time.B. You should feel to eat 10% of the time.C. You should learn to eat healthy gradually.D. Sudden change will be more efficient and effective.8. Which of the following you should avoid to keep yourself interested in exercise?A. Hanging up your exercise shoes if you feel tired.B. Keeping boredom away from your daily activity.C. Making a schedule with too high goals in it.D. Running a marathon at the beginning of the month.9. How many suggestions at least have been introduced concerning the exercise resolution?A. FourB. FiveC. SixD. Seven10. What is critically important in making long-lerm resolutions successful?A. You should be struggling with yourself all the time.B. You should constantly evaluate the results you want.C. You should try to keep yourself motivated.D. You should try your best to diversify your fitness practice.Passage ThreeOur present generation of cultural critics, arriving after the assault of postmodernism and the increasingly widespread commercialization of culture, has been cast adrift, without any firm basis for judgments. Publications and institutions to support serious criticism, in this view, either no longer exist or are few in number.Critics today, it is also claimed, are too cozy behind the ivied walls of academe, content to employ a prose style that is decipherable only to a handful of the cognoscenti. The deadly dive of Uniersity critics into the shallow depths of popular culture, moreover, reveals the unwillingness of these critics to uphold standards. Even if the reasons offered are contradictory, these Jeremiahs huddle around their sad conclusion that serious cultural criticism has fallen into a morass of petty bickering and bloated reputations.Such narratives of declension, a staple of American intellectual life since the time of the Puritans, are misplaced, self-serving, and historically inaccurate, so difficult to prove. Has the level of criticism declined in the last 50 years? Of coarse the logic of such an opinion depends on the figures that are being contrasted with one another. Any number of cultural critics thriving today could be invoked to demonstrate that cultural criticism is alive and well.But many new and thriving venues for criticism and debate exist today, and they are not limited solely t6 the discussion of literary works. Actually, they became so entrusted with their own certitude and political judgments that they beacme largely irrelevant. Today the complaint is that literary culture lacks civility. We live in an age of commercialism and spectacle. Writers seek the limelight, and one way to bask in it is to publish reviews that scorch the landscape, with Dale Peck as the famous, but not a typical case in point. Heidi Julavits, in an essay in The Believer, lamented the downfall of serious fiction and reviewing. She surveyed a literary culture that had embraced "snark", her term for hostile, self-serving reviews.The snark review, according to Julavits, eschews a serious engagement with literature in favor of a sound-bite approach, an attempt to turn the review into a form of entertainment akin to film reviews or restaurant critiques. A critic found cultural criticism to be in "critical condition". For him, the postmodern turn to theory, in its questioning of objectivity, cut the critical, independent ground out from under reviewers. The rise of chain bookstores and blockbuster best sellers demeaned literary culture, making it prey to the commercial values of the market and entertainment.The criticism does not seem discontinuous. Nor should we forget that civility rarely reigned in the circles of New York intellectuals. The art critic Clement Greenberg physically pummeled the theatre critic Lionel Abel after Abel rejected the view that Jean Wahl, the French philosopher, was anti-Semitic. Though Robert Peck has the reputation of a literary hatchet man, so far as I know his blows thus far have all been confined to the printed page.Cultural criticism has certainly changed over the years. The old day's of the critic who wielded unchallenged authority have happily passed. Ours is a more pluralistic age, one not beholden to a narrow literary culture. The democratization of criticism—as in the Amazon system of readers' evaluating books—is a messy affair, as democracy must be. But the solution to the problems of criticism in the present is best not discovered in the musty basements of nostalgia and sentiment for the cultual criticism of a half-century gone. Rather the solution is to recognize, as John Dewey did almost a century ago, that the problems of democracy demand more democracy, less nostalgia for a golden age that never was, and a spirit of openness to what is new and invigorating in our culture.11. What is the possible connection between cultural critics and publications and institutions?A. Cultural critics attack postmodernism and commercialization cherished by publications and institutions.B. Postmodernism and commercialization are attacked by the serious publications and institutions.C. Cultural criticism is short of judgments and will not exist without the support of publications and institutions.D. Publications and institutions show almost no interest in serious cultural criticism.12. How do the university critics like the serious cultural criticism?A. Cultural criticism is not serious enough when the articles are written in the cozy prose style.B. Popular culture is so prevailing that serious critics are not willing to keep to the shallow standards.C. Serious cultural criticism is full of insignificant quarrels and the public do not really trust it.D. Cultural critics have become so serious as to tell the stories imbued with American intellectual Puritanism.13. What is the author's opinion of the current complaint about the literary expansion into the other fields?A. When literary critics discuss issues with political judgments, their views are likely to be meaningless.B. It is reasonable for writers to seek limelight since we are living in the age of commercialism.C. Critics should be encouraged to write and publish poignant articles which would scorch the landscape.D. It is the critics' responsibility to lament the downfall of serious fiction and reviewing.14. What does "the snark review" refer to according to Heidi Julavits?A. Cultural reviews which are unfriendly and selfless.B. Literary reviews avoiding serious criticism.C. Entertainment reviews in the film industry.D. Postmodern reviews independent of objectivity.15. In order to find a way out the current dilemma for the cultunal criticism, the author suggests that ______.A. we should return to the old days when the critics passed their judgments without challengesB. pluralism should be held back, reinforcing the unchallenged authority in the literary criticismC. democriatic criticism should not be adopted because it is rather messy as proved in the Amazon systemD. we should encourage more democracy, dismiss nostalgia and cultivate an open attitudePassage FourIn July, almost unnoticed by the national press, a deadly bird virus arrived on a pheasant farm in Surrey. Experts from the Department for the Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) identified Newcastle disease, a virus usually mortal to turkeys and geese but not humans, in a flock of 9,000 pheasant chicks imported from France ahead of the shooting season.Within hours of the diagnosis, veterinary experts had swung into action, throwing up a 3km exclusion zone around the farm near Cobham and culling 10,000 birds. The carcasses were burned and premises cleaned to stop the virus escaping. It was four weeks before Defra's Veterinary Exotic Diseases Division felt it was safe for poultry move virus has reached Turkey, similar emergency plans are being readied by officials from Defra and other agencies. The scenario they are preparing for is that the H5Nlvirns, which so far has led to the culling of billions of chickens in south-east Asia and 60 human deaths, will soon arrive on these shores.What happens next depends on where the outbreak occurs, whether it can be contained, and most important of all—whether it mutates to become infectious between people. So far, only poultry workers or those directly exposed to chicken faeces or blood are thought to be at risk, though direct human-to-human transmission cannot be ruled out."Every time a new person gets infected with the virus there is a small chance that person will trigger a pandemic," said Neil Ferguson, a scientist at Imperial College, who has been running simulations on what might happen were H5N1 to reach Britain. "It's a very small chance, probably 1 in a 1,000, 1 in 10,00O or less."Should diseased birds reach Britain, the first step for veterinary officials would be to contain the outbreak as they did with Newcastle disease. An amber alert would be sounded and samples sent to the Veterinary Laboratory Agency (VLA) in Weybridge, Surrey. If lan Brown, the head of avian virology, there, confirms the cause of death as HSN1, the alert level will be raised to red and a whole series of emergency procedures, from quarantine,restriction of poultry movements to culling, will swing into action. Other agencies, such as the Department of Health—the Health Protection Agency and the Ministry of Defence, would be brought into the loop. In the event that the outbreak cannot be contained, Defra may have to consider mass culling programmes and the possibility of vaccination.At this point, with the risk of the virus spreading to human populations, the Department of Health would appoint a UK national influenza pandemic committee to coordinate the response of hospital trusts and local authorities. The Civil Contingency Secretariat (CCS) of the Cabinet will also be alerted and Cobra, the emergency committee which coordinates Whitehall's response to terrorism, readied for a possible breakdown in civil order.The Department of Health's pandemic preparedness plan published in March envisages as many as 54,000 Britons dying in the first few months of a flu pandemic. But in June, CCS officials warned that that could be an underestimate. The more likely figure, they said, was 700,000—a projection the Department of Health is expected to take on board when it updates its pandemic plan later this month.In the most serious case, officials estimate there would be as many death sin the 12 weeks of an epidemic as there usually are in a year. At the peak of the pandemic, 19,000 people would require hospital beds, prompting councils to requisition schools to accommodate the sick.To treat the dying, the government would begin drawing down its stockpiles of Tamiflu (药名), an anti-viral drug that treats flu. But with only 14m courses, enough for a quarter of the population, likely to be available, sooner or later rationing would have to be imposed, with health professionals and essential civil servants the first in line. The govenment would also come under pressure to release stores of its precious flu vaccine. At present there are contingency plans for just two to three million doses. But there is no guarantee that vaccines which protect against annual human flu strains will also work against H5N1.The consequences hardly bear thinking about. Earlier this year, in a dress rehearsal in the East Midlands codenames Operation Arctic Circle, officials quickly concluded that mass mortuaries would be needed to bury the dead. But no one knows whether, in the event of a pandemic, any of these measures will prove effective. John Avizienius, senior scientific officer at the RSPCA and a member of Defra's avian influenza stakeholder group, said: "All you can do is plan for the worst case scenario."The fear is that wild geese moving from western China to Siberia may have spread the virus to several species of ducks and gulls that briefly visit British shores on their annual migration north. These ducks, many of which may not show signs of illness, may be passing on the virus to poultry on British farms.In the hope that they are not, Defra and the Wildfowl and Wetland announced last week that they would be conducting tests on 11,000 wild birds—three times the normal level. "The risk of avian influenza spreading from eastern Russia to the UK via migrating birds is still low," said Defra's chief vet, Debby Reynolds. "However, we have said all along that we must remain on the look out."16. What does the "scenario" in Para. 2 mean to Turkey?A. Turkey will be exposed to the nationwide aggression of the deadly virus as the most severely attacked country on these shores.B. Turkey must kill billions of chicken and other kinds of poultry.C. Turkey has to be responsible for the arrival of HSN1 on these shores.D. All the veterinary experts in Turkey will soon swing into action.17. What is, according to Nell Ferguson, the possible risk of bird flu if one gets infected?A. Anyone's infection will trigger pandemic though it is probably one in ten thousand.B. That each time a person gets infected with the virus will cause an enormous pandemic bird-flu.C. The person infected with the virus will do great harm to people around him.D. It is impossible that the virus infection of a certain person will cause a national bird virus spreading.18. The change of alert colors from amber to red implies that ______.A. all poultry workers must leave their working places as soon as possible.B. the officials in the Department of Health must call for much more of international assistance.C. the most serious situation of bird-flu has appeared.D. the change of the color functions greatly as the weather reports do.19. What are the steps taken by the Department of Health of UK with the risk of the virus spreading to human population?A. The Department of Health required Civil Contingency Secretariat to publish documents for the pandemic preparedness.B. The Department of Health required the UK national committee to co-work with hospital trusts and local authorities.C. The Department of Health required Civil Contingency Secretariat to make a pandemic plan as soon as possible.D. The Department of Health requires every hospital to store Tamiflu, the precious flu vaccine.20. British government's fear of the wild geese from western China to Siberia is due to ______.A. the domestic ducks and gulls infected by the imported geese to Britain.B. the poultry on British farms has been infected by the immigrated wide geese.C. the migration of the wild geese every winter.D. British shores infected by the geese virus.Part ⅡTranslation (40 points)Part A Translate the following short paragraphs into Chinese. (20 points)21. Everyone has something they are ashamed of, afraid of or that they feel guilty about. Each of us, in our own way, has devised a neat little method of handling our dark side. We may know how to hide it. Few of us know how to heal it. When we refuse to admit what we have done in the past, we block out path to the future. No matter how terrible we think we are, how bad we belive we have been, how law we think we have fallen, we can clean our minds and begin again.22. We expend so much energy trying to fix who we are, we rarely get to know ourselves. If we realized how precious the gist of life is, we would not waste a moment trying to improve it. If we really understood how precious we are to the gift of life, we would not waste time trying to fix ourselves.23. We cannot draw to us more than we believe we are worth. Everything that happens to us and every choice we make is a reflection of what we believe about who we are. Our inspiration comes from our self-acceptance. Our motivation comes from our self-reliance. When we accept ourselves and rely on ourselves, we feel good about ourselves. When you feel good about something, you believe in it. When you believe in it, it will work for you!24. It is of little consequence what your past has been. What matters to you and for you is right now. It is not your concern what others may be saying or doing. When you are taking care of yourself, you have very little time to pay attention to others. People can love you or hate you, ignore you or dote on your every word. No matter what anyone else may think or do or say, it has very little impact on who you really are. It is only in your mind that you build or destroy the esteem for your "self". Selfesteem begins and ends with you. When you have it, you have it and no one can take it away from you.Part B Translate the following paragraph into English.现在，成千上万的美国人沉湎于对身材苗条的追求之中。
2006年北京理工大学工业设计考研真题总结
于Google的Material Design和锤子Smartism os系统的题目，如果考生平时没有留意的话，遇到这类的题目根本无从作答。
相信今年的初试还是有很多考生的表现不是很理想，是否能够在初试中拉开距离很难判断。
但就目前的工业设计复试规则来说，初试的意义也就仅限于敲门砖，最终结果主要还是由复试决定的。
大家应该早做准备,特别是参加才思教育教育各个辅导班的同学,你们为考研付出了这么多,也为考研投入了那么多的精力,不要在最后关头败下阵来,也不要轻言放弃。
对于考研来说,初试只是一块敲门砖，没有这块敲门砖复试的大门是不可能向考生敞开的；但是，有了这块敲门砖并不意味着万事大吉，复试差额录取，太多在复试失败的惨痛案例发人深省。
究其原因，没有为复试做好充分的准备是致命伤！才思教育教育提示每位备考2015年工业设计考研复试的考生，要牢牢把握两点：第一，及时对自己的考试情况进行评价。
我们在此强调的“及时”绝不是让每位考生在每考完一个学科之后就及时核对答案，这是大忌；我们指的及时对自己的考试情况进行总结是指在全部考试已经结束之后，也就是专业课结束之后，才思教育教育每年在研究生入学考试结束之后，都会第一时间为大家提供工业设计考研相关学校的相关试题和分析,并会给出考研复试的方法和技巧，针对2015年的工业设计考研专业课考试，才思教育教育推出了梯次配置的复试辅导.与此同时，大家要挑选相对准确的政治、英语试题答案进行核对，对自己的考试情况进行合理的评估，才思教育教育一般建议大家评估一个最低值和一个最高值，以此，来指导接下来的复试备考。
第二，尽可能尽全面提前准备复试。
在考生已经对自己的考试情况进行了合理的评价之后，我们将考试情况分为以下几种：第一种，评估最高值在280分之下并且对自己完全失去信心的考生，可以直接放弃考研，无需对复试做任何准备；第二种，评估最低值在320分以上的考生，必须充分重视复试，并且提前准备复试，否则，你初试来之不易的优势在复试中会荡然无存；第三种，评估最低值在280以上，最高值在370以下的考生，也是人数最多的一部分考生，此部分考生务必要拿出120分的努力来准备复试，因为，我们的初试成绩并非完全理想，但是，我们很有可能进入复试或者通过国家线。
北京理工大学 2006 年电磁学(324)考研真题
北京理工大学2006 年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题 科目代码: 324科目名称: 电磁学一、填空题（每题 6 分，共 30 分）1．真空中电磁波的传播速度大小是 ，它 （是，否）随参考系变化。
2．把单位正电荷从电偶极子轴线的中点 O 沿任意路径移到无穷远处，则静电力对它做的功为 。
Figure 13．在磁感应强度为 B 的均匀磁场中，作一个半径为 r 的半球面 S 。
S 的边界线所在平面的法线方向单位矢量 n 与 B 的夹角为 α，则通过 S 的磁通量为。
Figure 24．一段导线在垂直于均匀磁场的平面内运动，已知导线绕其一端以角速度 ω 转动时产生的电动势与导线以垂直于导线方向的速度 v 作平动时的电动势相同，则导线的长度为 。
5．加在平行板电容器极板上的电压的变化率为 611.010 V s -⨯⋅，在电容器内产生 1.0 A 的位移电流，则该电容器的电容量为 F μ。
二、计算题（每题 20 分，共 120 分）1．半径为 R 的半球面上均匀带电，电荷面密度 为 σ。
试求球心处的电场强度。
2．如 Figure 3 所示为一无限长带电体系，其横截面由两个半径分别为 1R 和 2R 的圆相交而成，而两圆中心相距为 a （12a R R <+）。
半径为 1R 的区域内充满电荷体密度为 ρ 的均匀正电荷，半径为 2R 的区域内充满电荷体密度为 ρ- 的均匀负电荷。
试求重叠区域内的电场强度。
3．半径为 R 的无限长圆柱形带电体的电荷体密度为 Ar （r R ≤），r 为带电体内一点到圆柱体轴线的距离，A 为常数。
选择距离圆柱体轴线为 L （L R >）处为电势能的零点，计算圆柱体内各点的电势。
4．如 Figure 4 所示，等边三角形平面回路 ACDA 放在磁感应强度为 B 的均匀磁场中，磁场方向垂直于回路平面。
回路上的 CD 段为滑动导线，它以匀速 v 远离 A 端运动，并始终保持回路是等边三角形。
机械设计制造及其自动化专业研究生考研院校排行
机械设计制造及其自动化专业研究生考研院校排行机械设计制造及其自动化专业是工程类研究生中的一个重要方向，其培养的学生主要针对机械产品的设计、制造与自动化控制技术进行深入研究。
在研究生阶段，学生们将深入学习相关理论与技术，深化对机械设计、制造与自动化控制的理解，为未来的机械制造产业发展做出贡献。
要想深造机械设计制造及其自动化专业，选择一个合适的研究生院校至关重要。
下面将介绍一些国内知名的研究生院校，这对于考生来说能够提供一些建议。
1.清华大学清华大学机械工程系在机械设计制造及其自动化领域具有悠久的历史和良好的声誉。
该校拥有一流的教学团队和研究条件，为学生提供了广阔的研究平台。
2.北京理工大学北京理工大学机械与车辆工程学院在机械设计制造及其自动化领域也有着卓越的教学和科研实力。
学校有着一支高水平的教学团队和一流的教学设施，为学生提供了良好的学习环境。
3.上海交通大学上海交通大学机械与动力工程学院在机械设计制造及其自动化领域有着丰富的教学与科研经验，学校拥有一批优秀的教师和一流的实验室设备，能够为学生提供优质的教育资源和科研平台。
4.同济大学同济大学机械与能源工程学院在机械设计制造及其自动化领域也有着不俗的实力。
学校拥有一支高水平的教师队伍和完善的教学设施，为学生提供了良好的学习条件。
5.哈尔滨工业大学哈尔滨工业大学机械工程学院在机械设计制造及其自动化领域也有着丰富的教学与研究经验。
学校有着一流的教学团队和设施，能够为学生提供优质的教育资源。
以上是一些国内知名的研究生院校，它们在机械设计制造及其自动化领域具有卓越的实力和声誉，对于考生来说是很好的选择。
当然，无论选择哪所学校，都要根据自己的兴趣和实际情况进行合理的选择，从而为自己的未来发展打下坚实的基础。
邱宣怀《机械设计》(第4版)(名校考研真题 滑动轴承)【圣才出品】
第17章 滑动轴承一、选择题1．下列叙述错误的是（）。
[西安交通大学2007研]A．滑动轴承的摩擦阻力一定比滚动轴承大B．一般来讲，与滚动轴承相比滑动轴承径向尺寸小C．一般来讲，与滚动轴承相比滑动轴承运转平稳，噪声低D．滑动轴承可以用在转速很高的情况下【答案】A【解析】滑动轴承与滚动轴承相比。
优点：与滚动轴承同等体积的载荷能力要大很多；振动和噪音小，使用于精密度要求高，又不允许有振动的场合；对金属异物造成的影响较小，不易产生早起损坏。
缺点：摩擦系数大，功率消耗；不适于大批量生产，互换性不好，不便于安装、拆卸和维修。
内部间隙大，加工精度不高。
传动效率低，发热量大，润滑维护不方便，耗费润滑剂。
载荷、转速和工作温度适应范围窄，工况条件的少量变化，对轴承的性能影响较大。
不能同时承受径向和轴向载荷。
2．下列各种机械设备中，（）只采用滑动轴承。
[国防科技大学2002研]A．大型水轮发电机主轴B．中小型减速器齿轮轴C．发电机转子D．铁路机车车辆行走部分【答案】A【解析】滑动轴承常用在工作转速高、特大冲击与振动、径向空间尺寸受到限制或必须剖分安装、以及需在水或腐蚀性介质中工作的场合。
3．一滑动轴承公称直径d=80mm ，相对间隙，已知该轴承在液体摩擦状0.002ϕ=态下工作，偏心率x=0.48，则最小油膜厚度（ ）。
[中南大学2005研]min h =A ．84μm B ．42μm C ．76μm D ．38μm【答案】B【解析】最小油膜厚度。
3min (1)=40100.0021-0.48μm=42μm h r x ϕ=-⨯⨯⨯（）4．在滑动轴承设计中，如果轴承宽度较大，宜采用______结构。
[北京理工大学2006研]A ．整体式B ．部分式C ．自位式D ．多楔式【答案】C5．在设计液体动压径向滑动轴承时，如相对间隙ψ、轴颈转速n ，润滑油黏度η和轴承的宽径比B/d ，均已取定时，在保证得到动压润滑的情况下，偏心率ε越大时，则______。
北京理工大学06年研究生入学考试量子力学试题及答案(5)
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ˆ 沿矢量 n (sin cos , sin sin , cos ) 投影的平均值 （2）角动量算符L
北京理工大学2006年
一、（20分）若粒子势能由 V (x) 变为 V ( x) C ，其中 C 为 常数，讨论能量本征值和相应的本征函数的变化情况。 解： 势能不显含时间，粒子波函数满足定态薛定谔方程
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北理工考研机械原理大纲及模拟题
第一章机构结构分析(6 学时)机构基本概念自由度计算自由度计算注意问题杆组分析高副低代第二章机构运动分析(4 学时)机构瞬心机构运动分析的矢量描述第三章平面连杆机构及设计（ 6 学时）•连杆机构基本特性连杆机构设计按急回性设计按机构导引设计•按函数关系设计•按轨迹设计•连杆曲线第四章凸轮机构及设计（ 6 学时）•凸轮机构构成•相对运动位置关系•凸轮廓线设计•压力角与基圆半径•运动失真第五章齿轮机构及设计（10 学时）…•基本啮合传动定律•渐开线形成及特性•齿轮基本尺寸与参数•啮合传动原理与啮合传动计算•齿轮范成加工的根切现象•变位齿轮•传动类型•其它齿轮的啮合传动特点第六章轮系（ 4 学时）•定轴轮系传动比计算•周转轮系传动比计算•复合轮系传动比计算第七章机械运转及速度波动的调节（ 4 学时）•机械系统运转•周期性速度波动调节•飞轮转动惯量计算第八章机械平衡（ 2 学时）•刚性转子静平衡•刚性转子动平衡第九章其它常用机构简介（ 2 学时）*•间歇运动机构•万向传动机构•差动螺旋机构•广义机构简介第十章机器人机构简介（ 2 学时）•空间机构概述•开链机构•闭链机构•常用机器人机构第十一章机构运动方案及创意设计（ 2 学时）•机构组合设计•机械运动循环图•机械运动方案选择与评估•机构创新设计概述机动（2 学时）实验教学（6 学时）：可选作实验内容为：•机构运动简图测绘与分析（ 2 学时）•齿轮范成加工原理（ 2 学时）&•刚性转子的动平衡（ 2 学时）•机构创意设计及组装（ 2 学时）•机械运动参数测试实验（ 2 学时）课外开放性实验（选做）：•机械系统测绘与分析•机构创意设计与组装•机电系统创意设计与组装机械原理考试大纲1 ．考试内容①平面机构的结构分析：平面机构的自由度计算；机构具有确定运动的条件；机构的高副低代、结构分析和组成原理。
②平面连杆机构的设计与分析：平面连杆机构的类型；平面连杆机构的基本性质和基本知识；平面连杆机构的设计；平面连杆机构的运动分析。
王黎钦《机械设计》第5版名校考研真题(摩擦、磨损和润滑)【圣才出品】
王黎钦《机械设计》第 5 版名校考研真题 第 4 章 摩擦、磨损和润滑
一、判断题 1．毡圈密封装置的毡圈及轴承盖上的装毡圈槽都是矩形截面，目的是为了得到较好的 密封效果。[上海大学 2006 研] 【答案】错 【解析】毡圈截面是矩形的，但轴承盖上的装毡圈槽是梯形槽。
2．任何黏度相同的两种润滑油都可以互相替代。[北京理工大学 2004 研] 【答案】错
二、简答题 1．何谓磨损？并任举出三种不同机理的磨损。[北京理工大学 2002 研] 解：相对运动的摩擦副之间产生摩擦，导致表面材料的损伤或缺失，面疲劳磨损、磨粒磨损、腐蚀磨 损、冲蚀磨损。
2．边界摩擦和干摩擦有何区别？[东南大学 2000 研] 解：边界摩擦是指摩擦副的表面之间存在边界膜的摩擦状态；干摩擦是指两运动表面之 间无任何润滑剂，材料直接接触所发生的摩擦状态。
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2003 级机械设计(Ⅰ)终考试卷 (A 卷 ) 参考答案
综合试题1 参考答案课程编号: BS070101 北京理工大学2005-2006 学年第 1 学期2003 级机械设计（Ⅰ）终考试卷 (A 卷答案 )一（本大题 12 分）总分：12分。
(1)4分；(2)5分;(3)3分(1) D处为复合铰链，滚子I处为局部自由度，E或F 、G或H为虚约束，滚子两侧接触之一为虚约束。
(2) 去除虚约束和局部自由度后(3)二、（ 14 分）答案：总分14分。
(1)4分；(2)3 分；(3)3 分；(4)4 分图解过程如图所示。
三、（16 分）如图示曲柄摇杆机构，已知，试确定：（ 1 ）摇杆3 的最小长度；（ 5 分）（ 2 ）曲柄1 等速转动时机构的行程速度变化系数K ；（ 5 分）（ 3 ）曲柄1 为主动时，机构的最小传动传动角。
（ 6 分）注：用计算。
答案：总分16 分（ 1 ）曲柄只能是1 杆。
设（即杆3 ）是中长杆，（因为是求3 杆的最短尺寸），则有，（ 5 分）（ 2 ）设摆杆的左极限位置为C 1 D ，右极限位置为C 2 D ，如图，而（ 5 分）（ 3 ）机构的最小传动角可以用解析法如下求得：设，则：（ 6 分）四、 ( 本大题 16 分 )总分16分。
(1)8分；(2)8分(1) 求瞬心数，6个瞬心如图所示绝对瞬心在￥处，\构件2瞬时平动，其上各点速度相等\ m/s ，// 。
(2) 求构件2瞬时平动，\式中\将上式向方向投影有又\，方向由指向五、（本大题 18 分）一渐开线标准直齿圆柱齿轮和一标准直齿条标准安装并啮合传动，已知参数如下：齿轮齿数z=20 , 压力角α =20 0 , 模数m= 5 mm , 齿顶高系数, 试求:(1) 齿轮以200 r/min 的转速旋转时, 齿条移动的线速度为多少m/s? （4 分）(2) 齿条外移1 mm 时齿轮的节圆半径和啮合角? （8 分）(3) 齿条外移1 mm 时齿条顶线与啮合线的交点到节点P 点的距离?（ 6 分）（ 1 ）1.047m /s(2)(3)六（本题 16 分）答案：(1) 在差动轮系4 、5 、6 、7 、H 中①(6 分)(2) 在定轴轮系1 、2中r/min （）②( 3 分)(3) 在定轴轮系1、3中r/min （）③( 3 分)(4) 设（）为正，为负，以式②、③代入式①得r/min （）( 4 分)七题、（本题共 8 分）总分：8分。
邱宣怀《机械设计》(第4版)(名校考研真题 键、花键、销、成形联接)【圣才出品】
第7章 键、花键、销、成形联接一、填空题1．轴上的键槽通常采用______加工方法获得。
[华南理工大学2006研]【答案】铣削2．键连接中，导向平键主要用于______连接，而工作面是______，主要失效形式是______。
[哈尔滨工业大学2004研]【答案】动；两侧面；磨损【解析】导向平键连接（动连接），键的两侧面是工作面；其主要失效形式是工作面的过度磨损。
3．如需在同一轴段安装一对半圆键时，应将它们布置在______。
[国防科技大学2001研]【答案】轴的同一根母线上【解析】两个平键应布置沿周向相隔180°；两个半圆键应布置在轴的同一条母线上；两个楔键则应布置在沿周向相隔90°～120°。
两个切向键应布置沿周向相隔120°～130°。
4．当轴上零件需在轴上作距离较短的相对滑动，且传递转矩不大时，应用______键连接；当传递转矩较大，且对中性要求高时，应用______键连接。
[华中科技大学2001研]【答案】导向平键；花5．在键连接中，______和______用于动连接。
当轴向移动距离较大时，宜采用______，其失效形式为______。
[北京航空航天大学大学2001研]【答案】导向平键；滑键；滑键；工作面的磨损【解析】当零件需滑移的距离较大时，因所需导向平键的长度过大，制造困难，故宜采用滑键。
二、判断题1．设计普通平键的设计时，若采用两个按180°对称布置的平键时，强度比采用一个平键要大。
（）[山东大学2004研]【答案】对【解析】在键的强度校核时，如果强度不够，可采用双键结构。
此时考虑到两键上载荷分布的不均匀性，在强度校核中只按1.5个键计算。
2．一个平键联接能传递的最大扭矩为T，则安装一对平键能传递的最大扭矩为2T。
（）[华南理工大学2006研]【答案】错【解析】在键的强度校核时，如果强度不够，可采用双键结构。
此时考虑到两键上载荷分布的不均匀性，在强度校核中只按1.5个键计算。
2006机车学院复试题及复试流程
2006年北京理工大学复试题目以下是北理复试的题目，从网上找的，给考研的朋友分享。
2006（机械电子航空宇航制造测试计量与仪器）综合面试（专业面试）部分问题：关于专业的问题：1. Q235的含义是什么？它是高碳还是低碳？你知道那些零件可以用Q235？2. 你都学过那些计算机语言？C语言中的“全矩变量”的定义是什么？3. 说出两种以上的特种铸造方法？4. 什么是球墨铸铁？它有什么特点？它可锻吗？5. 传感器的静态特性有那些？6. 说出五种以上的传感器？7. 压电式传感器能测速度和加速度吗？它是如何测加速度的？8. 什么是混叠？什么是采样定理？9. 齿轮正确传动的条件？10. 带传动中弹性滑动和打滑的区别是什么？11. 什么是“机电一体化”？12. 8086是多少位机？可寻址范围多大？13. 什么是CAD CAM CAPP ？14. 什么是NC CNC FMS CIMS？15. 齿轮加工的两大类方法是什么？16. CA6140车床由那几部分组成？17. 简述一下“六点定位原理”？举例说明过定位？19. 开环增益的大小对系统有什么影响？20. 说出四种以上钢的种类？21. 什么是生产节拍？非专业性问题：1. 你的毕业设计做的什么？2. 你知道最近国际上有那些大事？中国国内最近有什么大的新闻？3. 你知道我国有几位国务院副总理？你知道我国有几大常委？2006年（机械电子机械制造工业工程航空宇航制造测试计量与仪器）专业笔试部分试题：1. 请回答：单位脉冲和单位阶跃的拉普拉斯变换是什么？2. 二进制的1101，其十进制是多少？3. 机械制造中常用的夹具有那些？它由哪几部分组成？说明其常用定位方式。
4. 什么叫共振？在什么条件下产生共振？为什么？如何避免共振？5. 在测量系统所记录的信号中常常混有噪声，通常对此噪声应作何处理？6. 测量系统的灵敏度、分辨力、分辨率的含义？7. 请回答：单位脉冲和单位阶跃的拉普拉斯变换是什么？8. sinx的不定积分是什么？9. 请解释：NC、CNC、FMS、CAPP、CIMS、CAM、CAE。